Unit 2 过去分词 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 7-2-3
目 录
过去分词
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
过去分词
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
概念
过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句子中可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。
过去分词作表语
We were stunned at the news.
听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。
My niece got addicted to computer games.
我侄女沉迷于电脑游戏。
She looked very disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
He remained unmarried after so many years.
这么多年后他仍然未婚。
[总结] 用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。
[注意] 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
形式 例句 意义
过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态
动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作
过去分词作定语
1．意义
意义 例句
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有很多落叶。
2.位置
The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water.
医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。
A watched pot never boils.(谚语)心急锅不开。
The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
[总结] 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Some of the people ___________ (invite) to the party can’t come.
(2)The trees ___________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
(3)The police will come soon to take away the ___________ (damage) car.
【答案】
invited
blown
damaged
过去分词作宾语补足语
1．意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾补的多是及物动词。
2．三类接过去分词作宾补的动词
类别 例句
表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。
表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。
表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5点前完成我的作业。
[注意] “have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义
例句 含义
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示“让某人做某事”
I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中)
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。 表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)You’d better have your shoes ___________ (mend).
(2)The father wants his daughter ___________(teach) the piano.
(3)I saw an old man ___________(knock) down by a car.
(4)I’d like the job ___________ (do) when I come back from the journey.
【答案】
mended
taught
knocked
done
过去分词作状语
意义：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。
(时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
(原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
因为被妈妈惩罚，小男孩大哭起来。
(条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。
(条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked.
＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked.
这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。
(让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。
(伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant.
＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
[注意] 有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有：lost，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。
Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn.
因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。
Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo.
因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。
Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China.
位于中国东部海岸线上，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。
Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)___________ (leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.
(2)She accepted the gift, deeply ___________ (move).
(3)We went to the cinema, ___________ (fill) with excitement.
(4)Once ___________ (pour), water cannot be taken back.
【答案】
Left
moved
filled
poured
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The bridge was damaged in the flood, _______________(result) in the train falling into the river.
2. _______________(guide) by an artist, the girl made much progress.
3. _______________(blame) for her faults, the little girl was in low spirits.
4. The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a _______________(satisfy) smile.
5. Don’t drink _______________(pollute) water because it can cause diseases.
6. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _______________(call).
7. When I came in, I found a strange girl _______________(seat) in the corner.
8. Though _______________(defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart.
9. _______________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
10. No matter how frequently _______________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
【答案】
resulting
Guided
Blamed
satisfied
polluted
called
seated
defeated
Raised
performed
Ⅱ. 用过去分词完成下面的句子
1. They became _______________________________ they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心, 以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______________________________.
早餐他只喝自家农场出产的新鲜水果汁。
3. The young man, _______________________________, is determined to start his own firm.
这个年轻人厌倦了为别人工作, 决心创办自己的公司。
4. Children, _______________________________, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。
5. _______________________________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
这本书写得清晰且深思熟虑, 激发了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的信心。
6. Claire _______________________________ an hour before her plane left.
克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时让人检查了行李。
7. When he got to school, _______________________________.
当他到学校时, 他看见门锁着。
8. You’d better _______________________________.
你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。
9. The concert _______________________________ was a success.
他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
10. I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes _______________________________.
我迅速弯下身, 低下头, 避免直视他的眼睛, 这样他就不会感觉受到了挑战。
【答案】
so worried that
grown on his own farm
tired of working for others
when accompanied by their parents
Clearly and thoughtfully written
had her luggage checked
he saw the door locked
have/get the dangerous building pulled down
given by their friends
so he didn’t feel challenged
III. 根据提示使用本单元所学的语法知识翻译下面语段
这位年轻的女画家雄心勃勃, 她想把她的画陈列(display)在画廊里, 但她不知道这些画是否会很受欢迎。在父母的鼓励(encourage)下, 她按计划(plan)展出了她的作品。这些画得(paint)很漂亮的作品一经展出, 人们就赞不绝口。她和她的父母都对这个结果感到满意(satisfy)。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The young woman painter was ambitious and she wanted her paintings displayed in the gallery, but she wondered whether they would be very popular. Encouraged by her parents, she had them shown as planned. Once the beautifully painted works were on show, the people praised them a lot. Both she and her parents were satisfied with the result.
IV. 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词
Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo满心欢喜，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Vingo sat there 1.amazed，with his eyes 2.fixed on the oak tree.3.Covered with many yellow handkerchiefs，the tree stood like a banner of welcome，blowing in the wind.Vingo was 4.filled with happiness and his heart was beating wildly.5.Excited/Thrilled Vingo rose from his seat and made his way to the front of the bus.He couldn’t wait to meet his 6.beloved wife and children looking forward to his returning.
能力提升 突破考点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______________(lose) for words.
2．Tsinghua University ______________(found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
3．______________(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.
4．______________(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5．Claire had her luggage ______________(check) an hour before her plane left.
6．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______________(remind) of his own dreams.
7．The players ______________(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
8．Most of the artists ______________(invite) to the party were from South of Africa.
9．______________(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit.
10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ______________(disappoint)．
【答案】
lost
founded
Offered
Translated
checked
reminded
selected
invited
Worried
disappointed
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(过去分词作表语)
With the holiday approaching，__________________________.
2．因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语)
__________________________，some students study until midnight.
3．我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词作宾补)
My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often __________________________.
4．他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语)
He often does some exercises __________________________.
5．决心向他学习，我也开始在教室吃饭。但是我因为在英语课上吃东西被惩罚了。(过去分词短语作状语、作表语)
__________________________，I also begin to eat in the classroom，but I __________________________.
6．我写信是想告诉你，我不能按我们约好的时间陪你逛书店了。(过去分词作定语)
I am writing to tell you that I can’t go to the bookstore with you __________________________.
7．上周五，我们班邀请了一位年老的工艺师来教我们如何做中国结，这旨在弘扬中国文化。(过去分词短语作状语)
Last Friday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，__________________________.
8．我感到非常荣幸能做一个有关如何提高英语口语的演讲。(过去分词作表语)
__________________________ on how to improve oral English.
【答案】
my classmates are becoming more and more excited
Worried about the coming exam
has meals brought to the classroom
downloaded from the Internet
Determined to learn from him; get punished for eating in the English class
at the appointed time
aimed at promoting the Chinese culture
I feel greatly honored to deliver a speech
Ⅲ.阅读理解
The other day，my friend Sara was telling me about a relationship with her colleague that was broken beyond repair.The two of them had been close.And then one day，Sara had，with the best intentions，done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at.
Things became worse.Sara didn’t know what to say or do.She didn’t know how to repair the relationship.She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her.She felt justified in her anger.The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together.The team，and their output，were suffering.
It was time to do something to rectify the situation.I asked Sara what she needed.After much thought，she told me that she needed her colleague to be willing to listen to her with an open mind，to at least consider that she hadn’t meant any harm by what she’d done and to apologize for taking things so seriously and making things so bad.
“Ah...” I said to her.“You want an apology.” I then asked her，“What do you think your colleague might want？” I asked.
She didn’t answer.
“Did you ever apologize？” I asked her.She shook her head no.“Do you think you might want to apologize？” I asked her.She shrugged her shoulders... then shook her head yes.
Sometimes we take so long to apologize.We justify our unwillingness，saying it won’t really make a difference.Or they should apologize first.Or we didn’t mean any harm and they misunderstood us.But I’ve found that an apology—a true，heartfelt apology—can work wonders.It can repair the unrepairable.It can fix just about anything.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。Sara和她的同事因为误解，互相生气，影响了工作，作者提出了一些建议来帮助Sara。
1．What happened between Sara and her colleague
A．They decided to quit the job together.
B．They spoke ill of each other.
C．They were badly annoyed with each other.
D．They criticized each other’s poor work performance.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句和第二段中的“She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her.She felt justified in her anger.The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together.”可知，Sara开始生同事的气，两人既不说话也不合作，故选C。
2．What does the underlined word “rectify” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Investigate. B．Correct.
C．Maintain. D．Review.
答案 B
解析 词义猜测题。根据第二段最后一句“The team，and their output，were suffering.”和第三段第二句“I asked Sara what she needed.”可知，作者主动开导Sara。因此，作者认为是时候“纠正、整顿”这种局面了，故选B。
3．What did the author advise Sara to do
A．Accept her colleague’s apology.
B．Wait for her colleague to apologize.
C．Apologize to her colleague first.
D．Justify herself to her colleague.
答案 C
解析 细节理解题。根据倒数第二段引号中的问话，作者问“Did you ever apologize？”及“Do you think you might want to apologize？”可知，作者希望Sara主动向同事道歉，故选C。
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To stress the importance of an apology.
B．To explain how to apologize effectively.
C．To show how to respond to others’ apology.
D．To offer advice on getting along with colleagues.
答案 A
解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后两句“But I’ve found that an apology—a true，heartfelt apology—can work wonders.It can repair the unrepairable.It can fix just about anything.”可知，作者认为道歉能创造奇迹，修复关系，可以解决任何问题。因此，可以推断出作者写这篇文章的目的是“强调道歉的重要性”，故选A。
Ⅳ.完形填空
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students.Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation，they 1 her with lots of gifts.But one gift from a girl，in particular， 2 her heart.
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 3 ，but had nothing to give.So rather than offer nothing，she 4 her free breakfast cereal(混合麦片) at school.
She took the 5 to pick every dried grape，the favorite part of her breakfast，out of her cereal and 6 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher.
Rachel posted the 7 story on Facebook，hoping to help people gain some 8 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer，she was still willing to 9 her favourite dried grapes.Inspired by the kind gesture，many people contacted the school headmaster to make 10 .“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine，” Rachel said.“Your 11 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 12 .We are all deeply moved.”
“My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 13 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 14 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 15 season.”
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个小女孩一无所有但把自己最心爱的干葡萄送给了老师，老师把故事分享到网上并收到了捐赠，她希望大家继续传播爱的故事。
1．A.helped B．showered
C．comforted D．supplied
答案 B
解析 根据后文讲了有一个礼物很特别可知，这里应该是学生在放假前给了老师很多礼物，shower作动词表示“大量地给予”，固定搭配为shower sb.with sth.大量给予某人……。故选B。
2．A.melted B．cured
C．changed D．broke
答案 A
解析 根据下一段可知，这个女孩没有别的东西能够给老师，就把免费麦片里自己最喜欢的部分给了老师，这里指她的礼物融化了老师的心，故选A。
3．A.hesitantly B．casually
C．badly D．hardly
答案 C
解析 根据前面说这个女孩的礼物尤其融化了老师的心可知，此处是她非常想给老师点东西，但是没有能给的，badly表示非常。故选C。
4．A.opened up B．asked for
C．gave away D．put aside
答案 A
解析 根据前面讲这个女孩没什么东西能给老师可知，这里是指她打开了学校发的麦片，因此选opened up，其余三项代入都不符合语境。故选A。
5．A.courage B．chance
C．lesson D．time
答案 D
解析 根据前一句和后一句可知，学生想把麦片中自己最喜欢的部分给老师，所以此处是她花时间挑出了每个干葡萄，take the time to do sth.为固定搭配，表示花时间做某事。故选D。
6．A.unwrapped B．cooked
C．repackaged D．separated
答案 C
解析 结合常识可知，这里是指从麦片里挑出了干葡萄，重新包装后再送给老师。故选C。
7．A.nice B．funny
C．imaginary D．old
答案 A
解析 根据前文内容可知，尽管女孩一无所有但仍把自己最心爱的食物送给老师以及小女孩融化了老师的心可知，这是美好的故事，故选A。
8．A.sympathy B．appreciation
C．confidence D．desire
答案 B
解析 根据破折号后说女孩一无所有却愿意给出自己最喜欢的干葡萄可知，这里是老师希望大家看了故事后可以感恩自己所拥有的东西，故选B。
9．A.enjoy B．sacrifice
C．collect D．keep
答案 B
解析 根据前文女孩把干葡萄挑出来送给老师可知，这里是指她愿意牺牲自己最爱的干葡萄，故选B。
10．A.preparations B．appointments
C．donations D．requirements
答案 C
解析 根据受到了小女孩善良举动的启发可知，这里应该是指很多人联系学校想进行捐赠，故选C。
11．A.curiosity B．trouble
C．experience D．generosity
答案 D
解析 根据空前your指代捐赠东西的人可知，这里应该是在说捐赠者的慷慨大方，故选D。
12．A.unchecked B．unnoticed
C．unexpected D．uncovered
答案 B
解析 根据后一句表示“我们非常感动”可知，此处是指你们的慷慨和捐赠并没有不被注意，双重否定表肯定，故选B。
13．A.hope B．word
C．trick D．act
答案 D
解析 根据前面讲述了小女孩送礼物可知，这里应该是希望大家记得这个充满爱的小小举动，故选D。
14．A.spread B．teach
C．explain D．declare
答案 A
解析 根据前面作者希望大家记住小女孩善良的举动可知，此处应该是希望大家继续传播爱和善意。故选A。
15．A.graduation B．autumn
C．holiday D．school
答案 C
解析 根据第一段介绍了是新年要到来的假期前学生们给了老师礼物可知，这里是想说不要只是在节日期间传播爱和善意。故选C。
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2022·河南濮阳高二期末质监)
Edinburgh,1. is located in the southeast of Scotland，is the capital of Scotland.
With its museums，shops,2. (wonder) historic castles and many restaurants，there are many interesting things for visitors 3. (enjoy) all year round.
Besides，there is more to have fun in Edinburgh.Each year，the Edinburgh International Festival takes place in the city.In late summer，for three weeks，the festival presents classical music，opera and dance throughout the city.Whatever your cultural 4. (taste) are，you are sure to find something joyful.
So far，the Edinburgh International Festival has earned 5. (it) reputation as one of the world’s 6. (great) celebrations of the arts.The founders believed that the programs should be of highest possible artistic standard 7. (present) by the best artists in the world，that the festival should enrich the cultural life of Europe 8. that it should provide a platform for the flowering of the human spirit.
The popularity of the festival resulted 9. the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival(艺穗节)．Both of them 10. (be) widely popular over the past 70 years.
1．答案 which
解析 考查定语从句。空处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是Edinburgh，指物，在从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which。
2．答案 wonderful
解析 考查形容词。空处应用形容词作定语，修饰名词短语historic castles。故填wonderful。
3．答案 to enjoy
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，此处应用动词不定式作名词interesting things的后置定语；且visitors与enjoy之间是主动关系，所以使用动词不定式的主动式。
4．答案 tastes
解析 考查名词的数。taste作名词时是可数名词，表示“味道、口味”，又由于空格后的系动词是are，所以空格处填名词的复数形式。
5．答案 its
解析 考查代词。结合本句主语the Edinburgh International Festival可知，此处使用形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰名词reputation。
6．答案 greatest
解析 考查形容词的最高级。one of the＋形容词最高级＋复数名词，意为“最……的……之一”。
7．答案 presented
解析 考查非谓语动词。本句已有谓语should be且无连词，动词present应用非谓语形式，artistic standard与动词present是动宾关系，所以present用过去分词表被动，作后置定语。
8．答案 and
解析 考查连词。动词believe后跟了三个并列的宾语从句，所以在最后一个that从句前用并列连词and连接。
9．答案 in
解析 考查介词。结合句意可知，此处应使用固定搭配result in表示“导致”。
10．答案 have been
解析 考查动词的时态和主谓一致。结合时间状语over the past 70 years可知，时态用现在完成时，主语Both of them是复数，所以助动词使用have。Unit 2 过去分词 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 学生版 7-2-3
目 录
过去分词
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
过去分词
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
概念
过去分词是非谓语动词形式之一。过去分词保留着动词的部分特性，有完成或被动含义，可带状语构成过去分词短语。在句子中可充当表语、定语、宾语补足语、状语等成分。
过去分词作表语
We were stunned at the news.
听到这个消息，我们都目瞪口呆。
My niece got addicted to computer games.
我侄女沉迷于电脑游戏。
She looked very disappointed.
她看上去很失望。
He remained unmarried after so many years.
这么多年后他仍然未婚。
[总结] 用在系动词(如be，get，become，look，feel，seem，remain等)后面，多表示主语的状态或状况，它体现的是形容词的特性。
[注意] 过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
形式 例句 意义
过去分词作表语 The cup is broken.杯子破了。 强调主语所处的状态
动词的被动语态 The cup was broken by Tom.杯子是被汤姆打破的。 表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作
过去分词作定语
1．意义
意义 例句
及物动词的过去分词表示被动或完成 a polluted river一条被污染的河流 The science fiction published last year is popular.这本去年出版的科幻小说深受欢迎。
不及物动词的过去分词作定语不表示被动，只表示完成 the risen sun升起的太阳 There are many fallen leaves on the ground.地上有很多落叶。
2.位置
The doctor found that the affected people had drunk polluted water.
医生发现被感染的人喝了被污染的水。
A watched pot never boils.(谚语)心急锅不开。
The student criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
＝The student who was criticized by the teacher yesterday often fights with others.
昨天被老师批评的那个学生经常和别人打架。
This will be the best novel of its kind ever written.
＝This will be the best novel of its kind that has ever been written.
这本小说将是这类小说中写得最好的。
[总结] 单个的过去分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的前面；过去分词短语作定语时，通常放在被修饰词的后面，其作用相当于一个定语从句。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)Some of the people ___________ (invite) to the party can’t come.
(2)The trees ___________ (blow) down in the storm have been moved off the road.
(3)The police will come soon to take away the ___________ (damage) car.
过去分词作宾语补足语
1．意义：过去分词作宾补，说明宾语的状态或性质，与宾语一起构成复合宾语，它前面的宾语就是其逻辑主语。过去分词作宾补时，其所表示的动作一定和宾语有逻辑上的动宾关系。作宾补的多是及物动词。
2．三类接过去分词作宾补的动词
类别 例句
表示感觉或心理状态的动词。如：see，watch，observe，find，hear，feel，notice等。 I heard the result of the contest announced in the end. 最后我听到比赛结果被公布了。 He found his purse lost. 他发现他的钱包丢了。
表示“致使”意义的动词。如：have，make，get，keep，leave等。 I’ll have my hair cut tomorrow.明天我要去理发。 He got his tooth pulled out yesterday. 他昨天把牙拔了。 Don’t leave those things undone. 务必把那些事情做完。
表示“希望”“要求”意义的动词。如：like，order，want，wish，expect等，其结构为“及物动词＋宾语＋(to be)＋过去分词”。 I would like this matter(to be) settled at once. 我希望此事立刻得到解决。 I wish my homework(to be) finished before five o’clock. 我希望在5点前完成我的作业。
[注意] “have＋宾语＋过去分词”的三种含义
例句 含义
We had the machine repaired. 我们请人修了机器。 表示“让某人做某事”
I had my house repaired last week. 上周，我修补了房子。 完成或解决某事(主语可能参与其中)
He had his wallet stolen.他的钱包被偷了。 表示“遭遇某种不幸；受到打击”
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)You’d better have your shoes ___________ (mend).
(2)The father wants his daughter ___________(teach) the piano.
(3)I saw an old man ___________(knock) down by a car.
(4)I’d like the job ___________ (do) when I come back from the journey.
过去分词作状语
意义：过去分词作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，其逻辑主语就是句子的主语，且主语是过去分词动作的承受者。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词(when，while，if，once，unless，although等)，可表示时间、原因、条件、让步、伴随、方式等。
(时间状语)When seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
＝When it is seen from the top of the hill，the park looks more beautiful.
从山顶往下看时，这座公园看起来更加漂亮。
(原因状语)Punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
＝Because he was punished by his mother，the boy burst into tears.
因为被妈妈惩罚，小男孩大哭起来。
(条件状语)Given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
＝If I am given a few more minutes，I will get through with the paper.
如果再多给我几分钟，我就能做完试卷了。
(条件状语)The girl would keep silent for hours unless asked.
＝The girl would keep silent for hours unless she was asked.
这个女孩会一连几个小时不说话，除非被问到。
(让步状语)Exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
＝Although/Though he was exhausted，the premier kept dealing with political problems until midnight.
尽管疲惫不堪，总理还是继续处理政治问题直到深夜。
(伴随状语)The scientist Tu Youyou came in，followed by her assistant.
＝The scientist Tu Youyou came in and she was followed by her assistant.
科学家屠呦呦进来了，后面跟着她的助手。
[注意] 有些过去分词已形容词化，作状语时不表示被动，而表示人的状态。常见的有：lost，seated，hidden，lost/absorbed，born，dressed，interested，worried/concerned，satisfied/pleased，tired等。
Absorbed in reading the science fiction，he didn’t hear the sound of the horn.
因为沉迷于读那本科幻小说，所以他没听到喇叭声。
Greatly interested，I asked how he played the didgeridoo.
因为非常感兴趣，我问他是如何演奏迪吉里杜管的。
Located on the east coast of China，Qingdao is an important port city of China.
位于中国东部海岸线上，青岛是中国一个重要的港口城市。
Disappointed at the result，the girl stood there without saying a word.
因为对结果很失望，小女孩站在那里一句话也没说。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)___________ (leave) to himself, the baby began to cry.
(2)She accepted the gift, deeply ___________ (move).
(3)We went to the cinema, ___________ (fill) with excitement.
(4)Once ___________ (pour), water cannot be taken back.
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. The bridge was damaged in the flood, _______________(result) in the train falling into the river.
2. _______________(guide) by an artist, the girl made much progress.
3. _______________(blame) for her faults, the little girl was in low spirits.
4. The salesgirl at last handled the difficult customer and gave a _______________(satisfy) smile.
5. Don’t drink _______________(pollute) water because it can cause diseases.
6. Tom was going through the crowd when he heard his name _______________(call).
7. When I came in, I found a strange girl _______________(seat) in the corner.
8. Though _______________(defeat) many times, the man didn’t lose heart.
9. _______________(raise) in the poorest area of Glasgow, he had a long, hard road to become a football star.
10. No matter how frequently _______________(perform), the works of Beethoven still attract people all over the world.
Ⅱ. 用过去分词完成下面的句子
1. They became _______________________________ they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心, 以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
2. For breakfast he only drinks juice from fresh fruit _______________________________.
早餐他只喝自家农场出产的新鲜水果汁。
3. The young man, _______________________________, is determined to start his own firm.
这个年轻人厌倦了为别人工作, 决心创办自己的公司。
4. Children, _______________________________, are allowed to enter the stadium.
孩子们在父母的陪同下可以进入体育场。
5. _______________________________, the book inspires confidence in students who wish to seek their own answers.
这本书写得清晰且深思熟虑, 激发了那些希望寻求自己的答案的学生的信心。
6. Claire _______________________________ an hour before her plane left.
克莱尔在飞机起飞前一小时让人检查了行李。
7. When he got to school, _______________________________.
当他到学校时, 他看见门锁着。
8. You’d better _______________________________.
你最好叫人把这座危楼推倒。
9. The concert _______________________________ was a success.
他们的朋友举行的音乐会大为成功。
10. I quickly lowered myself, ducking my head to avoid looking directly into his eyes _______________________________.
我迅速弯下身, 低下头, 避免直视他的眼睛, 这样他就不会感觉受到了挑战。
III. 根据提示使用本单元所学的语法知识翻译下面语段
这位年轻的女画家雄心勃勃, 她想把她的画陈列(display)在画廊里, 但她不知道这些画是否会很受欢迎。在父母的鼓励(encourage)下, 她按计划(plan)展出了她的作品。这些画得(paint)很漂亮的作品一经展出, 人们就赞不绝口。她和她的父母都对这个结果感到满意(satisfy)。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 完成下列语段，尽可能多地使用过去分词
Vingo坐在那里，非常吃惊，眼睛凝视着橡树(oak tree)。被许多黄手帕覆盖，橡树像一面欢迎的旗帜，随风飘扬。Vingo满心欢喜，他的心狂跳不已。激动的Vingo从座位上站起来，向公共汽车的前面走去。他迫不及待地想见到他心爱的妻子和孩子们，他们一直期待着他的归来。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
能力提升 突破考点
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Even the best writers sometimes find themselves ______________(lose) for words.
2．Tsinghua University ______________(found) in 1911 is home to a great number of outstanding figures.
3．______________(offer) an important role in a new movie，Andy has a chance to become famous.
4．______________(translate) into English，the sentence was found to have an entirely different word order.
5．Claire had her luggage ______________(check) an hour before her plane left.
6．Michael put up a picture of Yao Ming beside the bed to keep himself ______________(remind) of his own dreams.
7．The players ______________(select) from the whole country are expected to bring us honor in this summer game.
8．Most of the artists ______________(invite) to the party were from South of Africa.
9．______________(worry) about the time available，the girl made a list of the tourist attractions she wanted to visit.
10．There were many people waiting at the bus stop，and some of them looked very anxious and ______________(disappoint)．
Ⅱ.完成句子
1．随着假期临近，我的同学们变得越来越兴奋。(过去分词作表语)
With the holiday approaching，__________________________.
2．因为担心即将到来的考试，有些同学学习到深夜。(过去分词短语作状语)
__________________________，some students study until midnight.
3．我的同桌不想浪费时间，所以他经常让人把饭带到教室里来。(过去分词作宾补)
My deskmate doesn’t want to waste time，so he often __________________________.
4．他经常做一些从网上下载的练习题。(过去分词短语作定语)
He often does some exercises __________________________.
5．决心向他学习，我也开始在教室吃饭。但是我因为在英语课上吃东西被惩罚了。(过去分词短语作状语、作表语)
__________________________，I also begin to eat in the classroom，but I __________________________.
6．我写信是想告诉你，我不能按我们约好的时间陪你逛书店了。(过去分词作定语)
I am writing to tell you that I can’t go to the bookstore with you __________________________.
7．上周五，我们班邀请了一位年老的工艺师来教我们如何做中国结，这旨在弘扬中国文化。(过去分词短语作状语)
Last Friday，our class invited an old craftsman to teach us how to make Chinese knots，__________________________.
8．我感到非常荣幸能做一个有关如何提高英语口语的演讲。(过去分词作表语)
__________________________ on how to improve oral English.
Ⅲ.阅读理解
The other day，my friend Sara was telling me about a relationship with her colleague that was broken beyond repair.The two of them had been close.And then one day，Sara had，with the best intentions，done something that her colleague had completely misunderstood and had taken offense at.
Things became worse.Sara didn’t know what to say or do.She didn’t know how to repair the relationship.She began to get angry at her colleague for misunderstanding her and judging her.She felt justified in her anger.The two of them still were not really speaking and certainly weren’t working together.The team，and their output，were suffering.
It was time to do something to rectify the situation.I asked Sara what she needed.After much thought，she told me that she needed her colleague to be willing to listen to her with an open mind，to at least consider that she hadn’t meant any harm by what she’d done and to apologize for taking things so seriously and making things so bad.
“Ah...” I said to her.“You want an apology.” I then asked her，“What do you think your colleague might want？” I asked.
She didn’t answer.
“Did you ever apologize？” I asked her.She shook her head no.“Do you think you might want to apologize？” I asked her.She shrugged her shoulders... then shook her head yes.
Sometimes we take so long to apologize.We justify our unwillingness，saying it won’t really make a difference.Or they should apologize first.Or we didn’t mean any harm and they misunderstood us.But I’ve found that an apology—a true，heartfelt apology—can work wonders.It can repair the unrepairable.It can fix just about anything.
1．What happened between Sara and her colleague
A．They decided to quit the job together.
B．They spoke ill of each other.
C．They were badly annoyed with each other.
D．They criticized each other’s poor work performance.
2．What does the underlined word “rectify” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Investigate. B．Correct.
C．Maintain. D．Review.
3．What did the author advise Sara to do
A．Accept her colleague’s apology.
B．Wait for her colleague to apologize.
C．Apologize to her colleague first.
D．Justify herself to her colleague.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the passage
A．To stress the importance of an apology.
B．To explain how to apologize effectively.
C．To show how to respond to others’ apology.
D．To offer advice on getting along with colleagues.
Ⅳ.完形填空
The school where Rachel teaches serves free meals to its students.Before her adoring students left for their new year vacation，they 1 her with lots of gifts.But one gift from a girl，in particular， 2 her heart.
This girl wanted to get Rachel something so 3 ，but had nothing to give.So rather than offer nothing，she 4 her free breakfast cereal(混合麦片) at school.
She took the 5 to pick every dried grape，the favorite part of her breakfast，out of her cereal and 6 them as an unusual new year present for her teacher.
Rachel posted the 7 story on Facebook，hoping to help people gain some 8 for what they have in their lives—because even when this youngster had nothing to offer，she was still willing to 9 her favourite dried grapes.Inspired by the kind gesture，many people contacted the school headmaster to make 10 .“It makes me so proud of my kids that they have touched your hearts along with mine，” Rachel said.“Your 11 in offering gifts to both the students and me and your donations to our school have not gone 12 .We are all deeply moved.”
“My wish for all of you is to remember this kind and simple 13 of love from one of my school babies and carry it with you and continue to 14 love and kindness to everyone you meet—not just during this 15 season.”
1．A.helped B．showered
C．comforted D．supplied
2．A.melted B．cured
C．changed D．broke
3．A.hesitantly B．casually
C．badly D．hardly
4．A.opened up B．asked for
C．gave away D．put aside
5．A.courage B．chance
C．lesson D．time
6．A.unwrapped B．cooked
C．repackaged D．separated
7．A.nice B．funny
C．imaginary D．old
8．A.sympathy B．appreciation
C．confidence D．desire
9．A.enjoy B．sacrifice
C．collect D．keep
10．A.preparations B．appointments
C．donations D．requirements
11．A.curiosity B．trouble
C．experience D．generosity
12．A.unchecked B．unnoticed
C．unexpected D．uncovered
13．A.hope B．word
C．trick D．act
14．A.spread B．teach
C．explain D．declare
15．A.graduation B．autumn
C．holiday D．school
Ⅴ.语法填空
(2022·河南濮阳高二期末质监)
Edinburgh,1. is located in the southeast of Scotland，is the capital of Scotland.
With its museums，shops,2. (wonder) historic castles and many restaurants，there are many interesting things for visitors 3. (enjoy) all year round.
Besides，there is more to have fun in Edinburgh.Each year，the Edinburgh International Festival takes place in the city.In late summer，for three weeks，the festival presents classical music，opera and dance throughout the city.Whatever your cultural 4. (taste) are，you are sure to find something joyful.
So far，the Edinburgh International Festival has earned 5. (it) reputation as one of the world’s 6. (great) celebrations of the arts.The founders believed that the programs should be of highest possible artistic standard 7. (present) by the best artists in the world，that the festival should enrich the cultural life of Europe 8. that it should provide a platform for the flowering of the human spirit.
The popularity of the festival resulted 9. the birth of another festival soon—the Edinburgh Fringe Festival(艺穗节)．Both of them 10. (be) widely popular over the past 70 years.
