Unit 3 不定式(The infinitive) 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 学生版 7-3-3
目 录
不定式(The infinitive)
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
不定式(The infinitive)
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
概念
动词不定式的基本构成是“to＋动词原形”。to是不定式符号，无词义。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词和动词的特征，它可以在句中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分。
动词不定式的时态和语态
I plan to withdraw from the club.
我打算退出这个俱乐部。(withdraw的动作在plan之后发生)
It’s a great honour for me to be invited.
我能被邀请，甚是荣幸。(me是invite动作的承受者)
They are reported to be working hard.
据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work同时发生)
The merchant is considered to have negotiated with that factory.
这个商人被认为已经和那家工厂协商过了。(negotiate发生在be considered之前)
The teacher seems to have been told the good news.
老师似乎已被告知了这个好消息。(teacher是tell的承受者且tell发生在seem之前)
[总结]
项目 主动 被动 意义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生
[注意1] 不定式“主动形式表示被动”
例句 主动形式表示被动
We have masses of work to do today. Hurry up！ 今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！ 动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。
I am easy to get along with. 我容易相处。 在“主语＋be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。
What to do next hasn’t been decided. 下一步该做什么还没有决定。 动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident. 我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。 在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The maths problem is too difficult to solve. 这个数学题太难而不能解决。 在 “too. . . to. . . ”结构中。
There is nothing to worry/to be worried about. 没什么可担心的。 在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
[注意2] 不定式的否定形式
例句 不定式的否定形式
The doctor advised my father not to smoke. 医生建议我爸爸不要吸烟。 He promised never to skip school. 他保证绝不逃课。 not/never to do
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)The world will be different, and we will have to ____________________(prepare)to adapt to the change.
(2)She pretended to____________________ (sleep)when her mother came in.
(3)He is said to____________________ (work)in this factory for more than twenty years.
【答案】
be prepared
be sleeping
have been working
动词不定式的句法功能
1. 作主语
To err is human.
金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
责备那个工作人员弥补不了损失。
[总结] 动词不定式作主语表示将来特定的某一次的具体动作，谓语动词用单数。
[注意3] 若动词不定式太长，则往往用it代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式移至句末，常用句式为：it ＋be＋adj. ＋of/for sb. to do sth. 。当形容词表达事物的特征时，用for sb. ；当形容词表达人的特征或品质时，用of sb. 。
It is important for us students to work out on a regular basis.
经常锻炼身体对我们学生很重要。
It is kind of you to help me out of the difficulty.
帮我摆脱困难，你真好。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is common ____________________ (find) this type of poetry, calligraphy art, hanging in people’s homes.
(2)If you live in a cold climate, it will be important ____________________ (know) your dog’s limits and how you can keep it safe and warm.
(3)It is an honor for me ____________________ (invite) to attend the meeting.
【答案】
to find
to know
to be invited
2. 作表语
His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
My main task is to get this company running smoothly. 我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。
She seems to get along well with her new classmates.
她似乎和她的新同学相处得很好。
[总结] 动词不定式作表语时需放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用。系动词主要是be类动词(am，is，are，was，were，been等)和表象类动词(seem，appear等)；主语常常是dream，wish，idea，plan，task，purpose，aim，duty，job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is important to remember when you’re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem ____________________ (ignore) you, everyone is just doing the best that they can.
(2)He is children’s books editor, whose job is ____________________ (sort)through thousands of new titles published each year and select the very best ones in The Times.
(3)The goal of this activity is ____________________ (meet) the needs of common people.
【答案】
to be ignoring
to sort
to meet
3. 作宾语
I promise to keep you company at night.
我保证晚上陪你。
The chairwoman demanded to know the truth.
女主席要求知道真相。
Tina’s decided to go to Rome for her holidays.
蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。
He pretended to be reading when his mother entered the room.
当妈妈进入房间时，他假装在读书。
I find it pleasant to work with him.
我发现跟他一块儿工作令人愉快。
I think it my duty to organize various meaningful activities. 我认为组织各种各样的有意义的活动是我的职责。
[总结]
常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：pretend，choose
“动词＋it＋adj. /n. ＋动词不定式”结构 it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。用于该结构的动词有feel，find，think，believe，consider，make等。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He pretended ____________________ (read) the text when I came in.
(2)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____________________ (stop) until we reached the next stop.
(3)I think it necessary ____________________ (send) for an expert.
(4)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____________________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】
to be reading
to stop
to send
to prove
4. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。
例句 动词不定式作定语的几种情况
He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 序数词、形容词最高级或 the last/the only/the next 等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand，even more so. 对于学习来说，兴趣同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，opportunity，ability，promise，attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。
Do you have anything to say？ 你有什么要说的吗？ something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前，还有许多问题要解决。 动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The best way ____________________ (set) yourself up for success is to make sure that your goals are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely.
(2)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____________________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
(3)Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ____________________ (stay) away.
(4)Volunteering gives you a chance ____________________ (change) lives, including your own.
【答案】
to set
to be made
to stay
to change
5. 作状语
(1)作目的状语
I came here to say goodbye to you.
我来这儿是为了向你告别。
He ran fast all the way so as to/in order to catch the first bus.
他一路快速奔跑以便赶上第一班公共汽车。
In order to pass the exam，he studied hard till midnight.
为了通过考试，他努力学习到半夜。
[总结] 动词不定式作目的状语时，其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，一般放在句子后面，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in order或so as，但加so as时不能放在句首。
(2)作原因状语
We’re quite glad to meet you here.
我们很高兴在这儿见到你。
They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这个消息他们很吃惊。
[总结] 动词不定式常跟在作表语的形容词和过去分词之后，用来说明产生某种情绪或作出某种评价的原因。此类词有happy，lucky，surprised，sorry，glad，delighted，eager，anxious，ready，foolish，interested，careless等。
(3)作结果状语
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。
He is old enough to solve the problem on his own.
他已经长大了，可以独立解决这个问题。
He is too stubborn to change his mind.
他太固执而不会改变主意。
The old woman was so angry as to shake.
那个老妇人气得发抖。
It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house.
噪音这么大，吵醒了屋子里的每个人。
[总结] 动词不定式作结果状语时常放在句尾，表示出乎意料的结果。常用only to do，enough to do，too. . . to. . . ，so/such. . . as to do等形式。
[注意4] 现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系。
Jack has made great progress，making his parents very happy.
杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)____________________ (liberate) our country, they devoted their lives.
(2)____________________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
(3)Mary rushed home immediately she heard the news, only ____________________ (find) that her husband was gone.
(4)You will never know how happy I was ____________________ (see) her yesterday.
【答案】
To liberate
To learn
to find
to see
6. 作补语
(1)She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要求我在她不在的时候接电话。
My teacher encouraged me to study hard.
我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night.
她的父母不允许她晚上出去。
[总结] ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit，warn，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker.
她证明了自己是一名可靠的员工。
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
[总结] believe，consider，declare，find，prove，suppose，think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”形式。
(3)I felt the earth shake at that moment.
那时，我感到地面在晃动。
I often hear him sing the song.
我经常听见他唱这首歌。
He is often heard to sing the song.
经常听见他唱这首歌。
[总结] 在feel(一感)，hear/listen to(二听)，make/let/have(三让)，see/watch/notice/observe(四看)等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后，动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。(一感二听三让四看半帮助，主动不to 被动to)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)What caused him ____________________ (change) his mind
(2)He didn’t allow the students ____________________ (go) there.
(3)The teacher got some students ____________________ (stay) in the classroom after school.
(4)He was made ____________________ (work) day and night.
【答案】
to change
to go
to stay
to work
基础巩固 透析语法
语法填空
1. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people ____________________ (feel)more energetic.
2. It took Janet three hours ____________________ (finish) reading this interesting story.
3. She pretended ____________________ (listen) to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else.
4. In many homes in the UK, the first person ____________________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family.
5. Don’t try to hide anything from your mother. She appears ____________________ (tell) everything.
6. ____________________ (admit) to a university in the UK, international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.
7. The new phone is very easy ____________________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
8. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ____________________ (break) into small pieces.
9. It can be disheartening to spend a lot of time preparing a meal only ____________________ (find) your kids turning their nose up at it.
10. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ____________________ (save) their valuable time.
【答案】
to feel
to finish
to be listening
to wake
to have been told
To be admitted
to operate
to break
to find
to save
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. ______________________________________________, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了更容易与我们取得联系, 你最好把这张卡片放在手边。
2. I remember I told my mom more than once that I hoped ______________________________.
我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。
3. The old man sits in front of the television every evening, happy ________________________.
老人每天晚上坐在电视机前, 高兴地看电视上碰巧播放的任何内容。
4. The airport ______________________________________________ will help promote tourism in this area.
明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业发展。
5. I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, ____________________.
如果你能让加尔文, 一个吝啬的男人, 从你那里买这些捐款抽奖票, 我会很惊讶。
6. He has a heart trouble and ______________________________________________.
他有心脏病, 医生发现很难治疗。
7. ______________________________________________, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
为了享受数字支付的方便, 很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。
8. The man opened his eyes, ______________________________________________.
那人睁开眼睛, 却发现房间里只剩下他一个人。
9. They lived a hard life and ______________________________________ for over 10 hours a day.
他们生活很艰苦, 经常被迫在一天内工作十个多小时。
10. I wanted to travel to America instead of France, but ___________________________________.
我想要去美国旅行, 代替之前的法国, 但是他劝我不要改变我的主意。
【答案】
To make it easier to get in touch with us/To get in touch with us more easily
to pursue an acting career in the future
to watch anything that happened to be on
to be completed next year
to buy these donation draw tickets from you
the doctor finds it difficult to treat
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment
only to find himself left alone in the room
were often made to work
he persuaded me not to change my mind
Ⅲ. 短文语法填空
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because，if you have a computer，you can find information you need by 1. ______________(search) the Internet. For all your information，you don't have to go to the library 2. ______________ (find) the relevant resources and 3. ______________(take) notes on it. Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4. ______________ (need). Remember，however，that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is，you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research.
While 5. ______________ (find) information is easier than ever，at the same time，6. ______________ (research) has become more complex. There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7. ______________ (overwhelm) with the amount of information. You need to learn how 8. ______________ (sort) through and 9. ______________ (find) the relevant information for your particular project. Also，you need 10. ______________ (check).
【答案】
searching
to find
take
needed
finding
researching
overwhelmed
to sort
find
to check
IV. 使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段
The scientists 1. ____________________________(决定探索) the deep ocean in order to find out what exists at the floor of the sea. Their first step 2. ____________________________(实施这项计划) is 3. ____________________________(派一台深水机器) designed specially for the research. 4. ____________________________(由科学家们远程控制的机器) at the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg. They will watch the machine 5. ____________________________(潜入大海深处). 6. ____________________________(进行这样的研究) is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months.
【答案】
decided to explore
to carry out the plan
to send a deepwater machine
The machine to be controlled remotely by scientists
dive deep into the sea
To conduct such a research
能力提升 突破考点
Ⅰ. 句型转换(每空只能填一词)
1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.
→It is impossible ______________________ such a heavy box.
2. It happened that we had known each other before.
→We happened ______________________ each other before.
3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.
→The progress ______________________soon is of great importance.
4. The boss made the workers work all night.
→The workers ______________________ all night.
5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.
→When ______________________ the meeting is still to be discussed.
6. It seemed that they were writing something for somebody.
→They seemed ______________________ something for somebody.
7. I find that it is difficult to speak English well.
→I find ______________________ English well.
8. I hope that I will be an astronaut some day.
→I hope ______________________an astronaut some day.
9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again.
→The girl got up earlier ______________________ be late again.
10. They suppose that he is a manager.
→They suppose ______________________ a manager.
【答案】
for a child to lift
to have known
to be made
were made to work
to hold
to be writing
it difficult to speak
to be
so as not to/in order not to
him to be
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 上初三时，我的目标是做全班最好的。
When I was a junior three student，my aim was ______________________.
2. 为了实现这个目标，我决定像我的同桌一样每天熬到半夜。
______________________，I decided ______________________ until midnight like my deskmate.
3. 我努力最后一个走，第一个到，却发现我上课时总是发困。
I tried ______________________，______________________ always sleepy in class.
4. 我的老师说保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。
My teacher said it was very important ______________________.
5. 他建议我制定一个适合我自己的计划。
He advised me ______________________ that/which is suitable for myself.
6. 他很高兴被那所重点大学录取了。
He was glad ______________________ that key university.
7. 经常听到这个年轻人唱最近流行的歌曲。
The young man ______________________ which are popular these days.
8. 孩子们在餐桌上大声说话，我不得不努力让自己被听到。
The children talked so loudly at dinner table that ______________________.
【答案】
to be the best in my class
To achieve this goal；to stay up
to be the last to leave and the first to arrive；only to find myself
to have enough sleep
to make a plan
to have been admitted to
is often heard to sing the songs
I had to struggle to be heard
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
In elementary school，I earned my Girl Scout Bronze Award by planting a butterfly garden. When I got a little older，I earned my Girl Scout Silver Award by bringing an art program to struggling refugees(难民). But when it was time for me to go for my Girl Scout Gold Award，there was something even bigger affecting us all that I had to focus on.
People talk about damage to our environment and argue about who’s to blame，but the thing is，we don’t have time for all that. The Earth is in danger，and that means all of us are in danger. That’s why I founded Project ReefLove，an awareness and educational campaign(活动) that teaches kids one super simple and easy way we can help protect coral reefs，which are the rainforests of the sea.
Lots of creatures，from sea turtles to sharks to starfish，depend on coral for survival，and the reefs help prevent beach erosion. Coral is really important—but the chemical sunscreens a lot of people wear are poisoning it and threatening the whole ecosystem. Saving coral can seem like a huge undertaking，but once you know how big a difference something simple like switching to a mineral sunscreen or wearing a rash guard instead of using chemical SPF makes，you’ll realize it is not so hard after all.
The first step，I knew，had to be education. So I went to the source: kids. From my own experience growing up in Girl Scouts，I know there’s nothing stronger than the passion of young people. If you get a little kid excited about saving the environment，their parents，grandparents，teachers，and others in earshot are going to hear about it，too!
So far，the Project ReefLove message has directly reached more than 11,000 people—and I’ve been excited to see lawmakers take action to do their part，too. Hawaii just outlawed sunscreens that are toxic(有毒的) to reefs，and I’m hoping other states will follow its lead.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了保护珊瑚礁而创立了ReefLove项目的事迹。
1. What did the author plan to do for her Girl Scout Gold Award
A. Save kids in danger.
B. Build a butterfly garden.
C. Help refugees to make a living.
D. Teach kids how to protect coral reefs.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，作者打算竞争女童子军金奖时做一些更有影响力的事，即：教孩子如何保护珊瑚礁。故选D。
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Saving coral.
B. Using chemicals.
C. Giving up sunscreens.
D. Protecting sea creatures.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。由第三段画线词所在句“拯救珊瑚似乎是一项艰巨的任务，但一旦你知道像使用矿物防晒霜或使用防皮疹产品而不是化学防晒产品这样简单的事情会造成多大的影响，你就会意识到这其实并不难”可知，it指代上文，上文讲到保护珊瑚礁，作者列举了保护珊瑚礁的方法，可得出it指“保护珊瑚礁”。故选A。
3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with
A. The influence of Girl Scouts.
B. How family education affects kids.
C. The importance of protecting the environment.
D. Why the Project ReefLove focuses on kids’ education.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。由第四段可知，如果孩子对保护环境感到兴奋，那么他们的父母、祖父母、老师和其他听力范围内的人也会听到，因此第四段主要讲为什么该项目将重点放在儿童教育上。故选D。
4. Why does the author write this text
A. To encourage more kids to join Girl Scouts.
B. To tell readers how she’s saving coral reefs.
C. To show that the Project ReefLove is powerful.
D. To ask lawmakers to pay attention to coral reefs.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。结合全文可知，文章讲述了作者为保护珊瑚礁而创立了ReefLove项目的事迹，写这篇文章是为了记叙自己拯救珊瑚礁的历程。故选B。
Ⅳ. 完形填空
(2022·山东名校联盟高二质检)
Riding a wave is an experience that kids with disabilities might think impossible. That’s why Ride a Wave(RAW) was 1 . The nonprofit organization gives kids with 2 a chance to feel the excitement of surfing.
Every year from April through June，RAW provides 8-day camps. Physically and developmentally 3 young people come from miles away to participate. So far，the organization has 4 over 2,500 kids to have a life-changing day at the beach.
At 5 ，families help their children check in. You can see the excitement on the kids’ faces as they see the beach in the first ray of sunshine. After 6 life jackets，the kids are ready to ride the 7 . To the front of the surfboard is a seat specially designed for children with physical 8 . A RAW volunteer 9 the board safely. Being in the water allows children to 10 confidence. It lets them know they can do something that seems impossible.
Mariah Vash was a girl born with a rare speech disorder. 11 ，it can be difficult for others to know exactly what she wants to 12 . But the volunteers in RAW manage to understand her. “She deeply loves water. The ocean，lake， 13 or even a simple bath makes her 14 . She has been to RAW six times! She has taught me and my entire family how to love 15 and how to laugh as much as possible. It is selfless service that RAW is all about，” said Mariah’s father，Stuart Vash.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个非营利组织RAW帮助残疾的孩子们体验冲浪的乐趣。
1. A. ranked B. established
C. rewarded D. stopped
答案 B
解析 rank把……分等级；establish建立；reward奖励；stop停止。根据“The nonprofit organization”可知，此处表示成立Ride a Wave (RAW)这个组织。
2. A. disabilities B. expressions
C. nationalities D. families
答案 A
解析 disability残疾，缺陷；expression表达；nationality国籍；family家庭。根据上文“Riding a wave is an experience that kids with disabilities might think impossible. ”可知，此处是信息词disabilities的词汇复现。
3. A. decent B. harmonious
C. tired D. challenged
答案 D
解析 decent体面的，得体的；harmonious和谐的；tired劳累的；challenged有残疾的。根据“The nonprofit organization gives kids with a chance”可知，此处表示身患残疾的年轻人们前来参加这项活动。
4. A. commanded B. criticised
C. assisted D. represented
答案 C
解析 command命令，指挥；criticise批判；assist帮助；represent代表，表现。根据“The nonprofit organization gives kids with a chance”可知，此处表示该组织已经帮助了2 500多名儿童。
5. A. sunrise B. noon
C. sunset D. dusk
答案 A
解析 sunrise日出；noon中午；sunset日落；dusk黄昏。根据“as they see the beach in the first ray of sunshine”可知，此处表示在日出时，孩子们登记入住。
6. A. making up B. handing out
C. putting on D. throwing away
答案 C
解析 make up编造，组成；hand out分发；put on穿上；throw away扔掉。根据“life jackets”可知，此处表示穿上救生衣。
7. A. elevators B. waves
C. bikes D. horses
答案 B
解析 elevator电梯；wave海浪；bike自行车；horse马。根据“Riding a wave”可知，此处是信息词wave的词汇复现。
8. A. exercise B. link
C. exams D. limitations
答案 D
解析 exercise锻炼；link连接；exam考试；limitation限制。根据“kids with disabilities”可知，此处表示专门为身体有缺陷的儿童设计的座位。
9. A. controls B. drills
C. loosens D. displays
答案 A
解析 control控制；drill练习；loosen变松；display展示。根据“the board safely”可知，需要一名RAW志愿者安全地控制着冲浪板。
10. A. acknowledge B. gain
C. doubt D. lack
答案 B
解析 acknowledge承认；gain获得；doubt怀疑；lack缺乏。根据下文“It lets them know they can do something that seems impossible. ”可知，这让他们知道，他们可以做一些看似不可能的事情，可以使孩子们获得自信。
11. A. Curiously B. Fortunately
C. Consequently D. Alternatively
答案 C
解析 curiously好奇地；fortunately幸运地；consequently因此，结果；alternatively或者。根据“Mariah Vash was a girl born with a rare speech disorder. ”可知，Mariah Vash生来就患有罕见的语言障碍，因此别人很难知道她想表达什么。
12. A. serve B. check
C. bear D. express
答案 D
解析 serve服务；check检查；bear忍受；express表达。根据“born with a rare speech disorder”可知，因为有语言障碍，别人很难确切地知道她想要表达什么。
13. A. camp B. pool
C. sunlight D. organization
答案 B
解析 camp营地；pool游泳池，水塘；sunlight阳光；organization组织。根据“ocean，lake”可知，此处需填和水有关的事物。
14. A. delighted B. calm
C. embarrassed D. emotional
答案 A
解析 delighted高兴的；calm冷静的；embarrassed尴尬的；emotional情感的。根据“She deeply loves water. ”可知，因为非常喜爱水，所以海洋，湖泊，游泳池，甚至是一个简单的浴缸都能使她高兴。
15. A. incredibly B. selfishly
C. unconditionally D. slightly
答案 C
解析 incredibly难以置信地；selfishly自私地；unconditionally无条件地；slightly轻微地。根据“It is selfless service that RAW is all about”可知，此处表示“她教会了我和我的家人如何无条件地去爱”。
Ⅴ. 语法填空
(2022·福建三明高二期末质检)
It’s reported that China in 2021 1. (official) announced the first group of national parks—the Sanjiangyuan National Park，the Giant Panda National Park，the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park，the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park，and the Wuyishan National Park. The national parks refer to special areas put under protection with the aim of conserving the ecosystem and natural resources. The 2. (announce) is a practical move related with the drive to continuously promote the building of 3. ecological civilization.
Home to various key wildlife species in China，the Wuyishan National Park appeals 4. ________ tourists both at home and abroad. Located in east China’s Fujian and Jinagxi，it features rich diversity due to 5. (it) unique natural environment. Taking a bamboo raft tour is people’s favourite. With trees,6. (bush) and colourful flowers covering every corner of the park，it’s a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen,7. (make) it the green lungs of Fujian. There are many hiking routes for you to take. What’s more，there are several viewing platforms 8. you can stop to admire the breathtaking beauty of mountains，waterfalls，and lakes around. Words fail 9. (describe) its impressive beauty. Therefore，you 10. (recommend) to pay a visit by yourself.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。2021年中国正式公布了首批国家公园——三江源国家公园、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、海南热带雨林国家公园和武夷山国家公园。文章介绍了武夷山国家公园的情况。1. 答案 officially
解析 考查副词。修饰后文动词announce应用副词形式officially，作状语。
2. 答案 announcement
解析 考查名词。此处作主语，表示“公告”应用名词announcement，此处为特指应用单数。
3. 答案 an
解析 考查冠词。civilization在此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且ecological是发音以元音音素开头的单词。
4. 答案 to
解析 考查介词。结合句意表示“吸引”可知短语为appeal to。
5. 答案 its
解析 考查代词。修饰后文名词environment应用形容词性物主代词its。
6. 答案 bushes
解析 考查名词复数。bush为可数名词，根据上文trees可知应用复数形式。
7. 答案 making
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语
it’s a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8. 答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词platforms，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。
9. 答案 to describe
解析 考查非谓语动词。结合句意表示“无法……”短语为fail to do sth. 。
10. 答案 are recommended
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用复数。Unit 3 不定式(The infinitive) 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第四册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 7-3-3
目 录
不定式(The infinitive)
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
不定式(The infinitive)
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
概念
动词不定式的基本构成是“to＋动词原形”。to是不定式符号，无词义。动词不定式具有名词、形容词、副词和动词的特征，它可以在句中充当除谓语以外的各种句子成分。
动词不定式的时态和语态
I plan to withdraw from the club.
我打算退出这个俱乐部。(withdraw的动作在plan之后发生)
It’s a great honour for me to be invited.
我能被邀请，甚是荣幸。(me是invite动作的承受者)
They are reported to be working hard.
据报道他们正努力地工作。(be reported与work同时发生)
The merchant is considered to have negotiated with that factory.
这个商人被认为已经和那家工厂协商过了。(negotiate发生在be considered之前)
The teacher seems to have been told the good news.
老师似乎已被告知了这个好消息。(teacher是tell的承受者且tell发生在seem之前)
[总结]
项目 主动 被动 意义
一般式 to do to be done 与谓语动作同时或在其后发生
进行式 to be doing 在谓语动作发生时，不定式的动作正在进行
完成式 to have done to have been done 在谓语动作之前发生
[注意1] 不定式“主动形式表示被动”
例句 主动形式表示被动
We have masses of work to do today. Hurry up！ 今天，我们有很多工作要做。快点儿！ 动词不定式作定语与被修饰词构成动宾关系，同时与句中另一名词或代词有逻辑上的主谓关系时。
I am easy to get along with. 我容易相处。 在“主语＋be＋性质形容词＋动词不定式”结构中。
What to do next hasn’t been decided. 下一步该做什么还没有决定。 动词不定式与疑问代词连用时。
I felt I was to blame for this bicycle accident. 我觉得这次自行车事故怪我。 在“be to blame”中常用主动形式表示被动意义。
The maths problem is too difficult to solve. 这个数学题太难而不能解决。 在 “too. . . to. . . ”结构中。
There is nothing to worry/to be worried about. 没什么可担心的。 在there be句型中，作主语的名词后可接动词不定式作定语，不定式用主动式或被动式均可，一般用主动形式表示被动意义。
[注意2] 不定式的否定形式
例句 不定式的否定形式
The doctor advised my father not to smoke. 医生建议我爸爸不要吸烟。 He promised never to skip school. 他保证绝不逃课。 not/never to do
【即学活用】 语法填空
(1)The world will be different, and we will have to ____________________(prepare)to adapt to the change.
(2)She pretended to____________________ (sleep)when her mother came in.
(3)He is said to____________________ (work)in this factory for more than twenty years.
【答案】
be prepared
be sleeping
have been working
动词不定式的句法功能
1. 作主语
To err is human.
金无足赤，人无完人。/人非圣贤，孰能无过。
To finish this job in one day is impossible.
要在一天之内完成这项工作是不可能的。
To blame the worker will not make up for the loss.
责备那个工作人员弥补不了损失。
[总结] 动词不定式作主语表示将来特定的某一次的具体动作，谓语动词用单数。
[注意3] 若动词不定式太长，则往往用it代替动词不定式作形式主语，不定式移至句末，常用句式为：it ＋be＋adj. ＋of/for sb. to do sth. 。当形容词表达事物的特征时，用for sb. ；当形容词表达人的特征或品质时，用of sb. 。
It is important for us students to work out on a regular basis.
经常锻炼身体对我们学生很重要。
It is kind of you to help me out of the difficulty.
帮我摆脱困难，你真好。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is common ____________________ (find) this type of poetry, calligraphy art, hanging in people’s homes.
(2)If you live in a cold climate, it will be important ____________________ (know) your dog’s limits and how you can keep it safe and warm.
(3)It is an honor for me ____________________ (invite) to attend the meeting.
【答案】
to find
to know
to be invited
2. 作表语
His dream is to become an astronaut.
他的梦想是成为一名宇航员。
My main task is to get this company running smoothly. 我的主要任务是使这家公司运转顺利。
She seems to get along well with her new classmates.
她似乎和她的新同学相处得很好。
[总结] 动词不定式作表语时需放在系动词后面，表示将来的动作或起解释说明的作用。系动词主要是be类动词(am，is，are，was，were，been等)和表象类动词(seem，appear等)；主语常常是dream，wish，idea，plan，task，purpose，aim，duty，job等表示意向、打算、职责等意义的词。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)It is important to remember when you’re trying to get along with people who are very difficult or seem ____________________ (ignore) you, everyone is just doing the best that they can.
(2)He is children’s books editor, whose job is ____________________ (sort)through thousands of new titles published each year and select the very best ones in The Times.
(3)The goal of this activity is ____________________ (meet) the needs of common people.
【答案】
to be ignoring
to sort
to meet
3. 作宾语
I promise to keep you company at night.
我保证晚上陪你。
The chairwoman demanded to know the truth.
女主席要求知道真相。
Tina’s decided to go to Rome for her holidays.
蒂娜已决定去罗马度假。
He pretended to be reading when his mother entered the room.
当妈妈进入房间时，他假装在读书。
I find it pleasant to work with him.
我发现跟他一块儿工作令人愉快。
I think it my duty to organize various meaningful activities. 我认为组织各种各样的有意义的活动是我的职责。
[总结]
常用不定式作宾语的动词 三个希望两答应：hope，wish，want，agree，promise
两个要求莫拒绝：demand，ask，refuse
设法学会做决定：manage，learn，decide
不要假装在选择：pretend，choose
“动词＋it＋adj. /n. ＋动词不定式”结构 it为形式宾语，不定式为真正的宾语。用于该结构的动词有feel，find，think，believe，consider，make等。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)He pretended ____________________ (read) the text when I came in.
(2)I heard a passenger behind me shouting to the driver, but he refused ____________________ (stop) until we reached the next stop.
(3)I think it necessary ____________________ (send) for an expert.
(4)But Sarah, who has taken part in shows along with top models, wants ____________________ (prove) that she has brains as well as beauty.
【答案】
to be reading
to stop
to send
to prove
4. 作定语
动词不定式作定语时，应放在被修饰词的后面。
例句 动词不定式作定语的几种情况
He is the best man to do the job. 他是做这项工作的最佳人选。 He is always the first to come and the last to leave. 他总是第一个来，最后一个离开。 序数词、形容词最高级或 the last/the only/the next 等后或被这些词修饰的名词后常用动词不定式作定语。
Interest is as vital to learning as the ability to understand，even more so. 对于学习来说，兴趣同理解能力一样重要，甚至更重要。 He made a promise to come here on time tomorrow. 他许诺明天按时来这儿。 抽象名词time，way，reason，chance，opportunity，ability，promise，attempt等后常用动词不定式作定语。
Do you have anything to say？ 你有什么要说的吗？ something，nothing，anything等不定代词后常用动词不定式作定语。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon. 在我们准备好长时间停留在月球上之前，还有许多问题要解决。 动词不定式作定语可表示将来的、还没发生的动作。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)The best way ____________________ (set) yourself up for success is to make sure that your goals are SMART: specific, measurable, attainable, relevant, and timely.
(2)We’re having a meeting in half an hour. The decision ____________________ (make) at the meeting will influence the future of our company.
(3)Birds’ singing is sometimes a warning to other birds ____________________ (stay) away.
(4)Volunteering gives you a chance ____________________ (change) lives, including your own.
【答案】
to set
to be made
to stay
to change
5. 作状语
(1)作目的状语
I came here to say goodbye to you.
我来这儿是为了向你告别。
He ran fast all the way so as to/in order to catch the first bus.
他一路快速奔跑以便赶上第一班公共汽车。
In order to pass the exam，he studied hard till midnight.
为了通过考试，他努力学习到半夜。
[总结] 动词不定式作目的状语时，其所表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之后，一般放在句子后面，表示强调，也可位于句首；其前可加in order或so as，但加so as时不能放在句首。
(2)作原因状语
We’re quite glad to meet you here.
我们很高兴在这儿见到你。
They were very surprised to be informed of the news. 被告知这个消息他们很吃惊。
[总结] 动词不定式常跟在作表语的形容词和过去分词之后，用来说明产生某种情绪或作出某种评价的原因。此类词有happy，lucky，surprised，sorry，glad，delighted，eager，anxious，ready，foolish，interested，careless等。
(3)作结果状语
He got to the station only to be told the train had gone.
他到了车站，却被告知火车已经开走了。
He is old enough to solve the problem on his own.
他已经长大了，可以独立解决这个问题。
He is too stubborn to change his mind.
他太固执而不会改变主意。
The old woman was so angry as to shake.
那个老妇人气得发抖。
It was such a loud noise as to wake everybody in the house.
噪音这么大，吵醒了屋子里的每个人。
[总结] 动词不定式作结果状语时常放在句尾，表示出乎意料的结果。常用only to do，enough to do，too. . . to. . . ，so/such. . . as to do等形式。
[注意4] 现在分词(短语)作结果状语多表示自然而然的结果，即句子和结果状语之间有一定的因果关系。
Jack has made great progress，making his parents very happy.
杰克取得了巨大的进步，这让他的父母很高兴。
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)____________________ (liberate) our country, they devoted their lives.
(2)____________________ (learn) more about Chinese culture, Jack has decided to take Chinese folk music as an elective course.
(3)Mary rushed home immediately she heard the news, only ____________________ (find) that her husband was gone.
(4)You will never know how happy I was ____________________ (see) her yesterday.
【答案】
To liberate
To learn
to find
to see
6. 作补语
(1)She asked me to answer the phone in her absence.
她要求我在她不在的时候接电话。
My teacher encouraged me to study hard.
我的老师鼓励我努力学习。
Her parents don’t allow her to go out at night.
她的父母不允许她晚上出去。
[总结] ask，tell，invite，get，advise，allow，want，permit，warn，order，encourage，prefer，expect，force，wish，beg等表示命令、教导、要求、意向、允许、警告等意义的动词后可接动词不定式作宾语补足语。
(2)She’s proved herself to be a very reliable worker.
她证明了自己是一名可靠的员工。
I believe him to be honest.
我相信他是诚实的。
[总结] believe，consider，declare，find，prove，suppose，think等表示意见、认可、判断、料想、声明等意义的动词后的宾语补足语常是“to be”形式。
(3)I felt the earth shake at that moment.
那时，我感到地面在晃动。
I often hear him sing the song.
我经常听见他唱这首歌。
He is often heard to sing the song.
经常听见他唱这首歌。
[总结] 在feel(一感)，hear/listen to(二听)，make/let/have(三让)，see/watch/notice/observe(四看)等使役动词和感官动词(短语)后，动词不定式作宾语补足语时常省略to。这些词在变为被动语态时，to不能省略，此时不定式作主语补足语。(一感二听三让四看半帮助，主动不to 被动to)
【即学活用】语法填空
(1)What caused him ____________________ (change) his mind
(2)He didn’t allow the students ____________________ (go) there.
(3)The teacher got some students ____________________ (stay) in the classroom after school.
(4)He was made ____________________ (work) day and night.
【答案】
to change
to go
to stay
to work
基础巩固 透析语法
语法填空
1. So it can help reduce the tiredness out of the immune system and allow people ____________________ (feel)more energetic.
2. It took Janet three hours ____________________ (finish) reading this interesting story.
3. She pretended ____________________ (listen) to the manager, but actually she was thinking about something else.
4. In many homes in the UK, the first person ____________________ (wake) up has to make tea for the family.
5. Don’t try to hide anything from your mother. She appears ____________________ (tell) everything.
6. ____________________ (admit) to a university in the UK, international students must display a strong ability in spoken and written English.
7. The new phone is very easy ____________________ (operate). Anybody can learn to use it in a few minutes.
8. Tom asked the candy makers if they could make the chocolate easier ____________________ (break) into small pieces.
9. It can be disheartening to spend a lot of time preparing a meal only ____________________ (find) your kids turning their nose up at it.
10. Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online ____________________ (save) their valuable time.
【答案】
to feel
to finish
to be listening
to wake
to have been told
To be admitted
to operate
to break
to find
to save
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. ______________________________________________, you’d better keep this card at hand.
为了更容易与我们取得联系, 你最好把这张卡片放在手边。
2. I remember I told my mom more than once that I hoped ______________________________.
我记得我不止一次告诉我妈妈我希望将来追求演艺事业。
3. The old man sits in front of the television every evening, happy ________________________.
老人每天晚上坐在电视机前, 高兴地看电视上碰巧播放的任何内容。
4. The airport ______________________________________________ will help promote tourism in this area.
明年竣工的机场将会帮助推动该地区的旅游业发展。
5. I will be surprised if you can get Calvin, who is a close-fisted man, ____________________.
如果你能让加尔文, 一个吝啬的男人, 从你那里买这些捐款抽奖票, 我会很惊讶。
6. He has a heart trouble and ______________________________________________.
他有心脏病, 医生发现很难治疗。
7. ______________________________________________, many senior citizens started to use smart phones.
为了享受数字支付的方便, 很多老年市民开始使用智能手机。
8. The man opened his eyes, ______________________________________________.
那人睁开眼睛, 却发现房间里只剩下他一个人。
9. They lived a hard life and ______________________________________ for over 10 hours a day.
他们生活很艰苦, 经常被迫在一天内工作十个多小时。
10. I wanted to travel to America instead of France, but ___________________________________.
我想要去美国旅行, 代替之前的法国, 但是他劝我不要改变我的主意。
【答案】
To make it easier to get in touch with us/To get in touch with us more easily
to pursue an acting career in the future
to watch anything that happened to be on
to be completed next year
to buy these donation draw tickets from you
the doctor finds it difficult to treat
To enjoy the convenience of digital payment
only to find himself left alone in the room
were often made to work
he persuaded me not to change my mind
Ⅲ. 短文语法填空
Research has become both simpler and more complex. It's simpler because，if you have a computer，you can find information you need by 1. ______________(search) the Internet. For all your information，you don't have to go to the library 2. ______________ (find) the relevant resources and 3. ______________(take) notes on it. Instead，you can find some sources from the Internet and print the copies 4. ______________ (need). Remember，however，that you should usually consult different types of sources. That is，you shouldn't always rely just on the Internet for your research.
While 5. ______________ (find) information is easier than ever，at the same time，6. ______________ (research) has become more complex. There is a lot more material available，which means you may be 7. ______________ (overwhelm) with the amount of information. You need to learn how 8. ______________ (sort) through and 9. ______________ (find) the relevant information for your particular project. Also，you need 10. ______________ (check).
【答案】
searching
to find
take
needed
finding
researching
overwhelmed
to sort
find
to check
IV. 使用本单元所学的语法知识补全下面语段
The scientists 1. ____________________________(决定探索) the deep ocean in order to find out what exists at the floor of the sea. Their first step 2. ____________________________(实施这项计划) is 3. ____________________________(派一台深水机器) designed specially for the research. 4. ____________________________(由科学家们远程控制的机器) at the surface of the sea is in a shape of an egg. They will watch the machine 5. ____________________________(潜入大海深处). 6. ____________________________(进行这样的研究) is a long project that scientists have prepared for several months.
【答案】
decided to explore
to carry out the plan
to send a deepwater machine
The machine to be controlled remotely by scientists
dive deep into the sea
To conduct such a research
能力提升 突破考点
Ⅰ. 句型转换(每空只能填一词)
1. It is impossible that a child can lift such a heavy box.
→It is impossible ______________________ such a heavy box.
2. It happened that we had known each other before.
→We happened ______________________ each other before.
3. The progress which will be made soon is of great importance.
→The progress ______________________soon is of great importance.
4. The boss made the workers work all night.
→The workers ______________________ all night.
5. When we should hold the meeting is still to be discussed.
→When ______________________ the meeting is still to be discussed.
6. It seemed that they were writing something for somebody.
→They seemed ______________________ something for somebody.
7. I find that it is difficult to speak English well.
→I find ______________________ English well.
8. I hope that I will be an astronaut some day.
→I hope ______________________an astronaut some day.
9. The girl got up earlier so that she might not be late again.
→The girl got up earlier ______________________ be late again.
10. They suppose that he is a manager.
→They suppose ______________________ a manager.
【答案】
for a child to lift
to have known
to be made
were made to work
to hold
to be writing
it difficult to speak
to be
so as not to/in order not to
him to be
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 上初三时，我的目标是做全班最好的。
When I was a junior three student，my aim was ______________________.
2. 为了实现这个目标，我决定像我的同桌一样每天熬到半夜。
______________________，I decided ______________________ until midnight like my deskmate.
3. 我努力最后一个走，第一个到，却发现我上课时总是发困。
I tried ______________________，______________________ always sleepy in class.
4. 我的老师说保持充足的睡眠是很重要的。
My teacher said it was very important ______________________.
5. 他建议我制定一个适合我自己的计划。
He advised me ______________________ that/which is suitable for myself.
6. 他很高兴被那所重点大学录取了。
He was glad ______________________ that key university.
7. 经常听到这个年轻人唱最近流行的歌曲。
The young man ______________________ which are popular these days.
8. 孩子们在餐桌上大声说话，我不得不努力让自己被听到。
The children talked so loudly at dinner table that ______________________.
【答案】
to be the best in my class
To achieve this goal；to stay up
to be the last to leave and the first to arrive；only to find myself
to have enough sleep
to make a plan
to have been admitted to
is often heard to sing the songs
I had to struggle to be heard
Ⅲ. 阅读理解
In elementary school，I earned my Girl Scout Bronze Award by planting a butterfly garden. When I got a little older，I earned my Girl Scout Silver Award by bringing an art program to struggling refugees(难民). But when it was time for me to go for my Girl Scout Gold Award，there was something even bigger affecting us all that I had to focus on.
People talk about damage to our environment and argue about who’s to blame，but the thing is，we don’t have time for all that. The Earth is in danger，and that means all of us are in danger. That’s why I founded Project ReefLove，an awareness and educational campaign(活动) that teaches kids one super simple and easy way we can help protect coral reefs，which are the rainforests of the sea.
Lots of creatures，from sea turtles to sharks to starfish，depend on coral for survival，and the reefs help prevent beach erosion. Coral is really important—but the chemical sunscreens a lot of people wear are poisoning it and threatening the whole ecosystem. Saving coral can seem like a huge undertaking，but once you know how big a difference something simple like switching to a mineral sunscreen or wearing a rash guard instead of using chemical SPF makes，you’ll realize it is not so hard after all.
The first step，I knew，had to be education. So I went to the source: kids. From my own experience growing up in Girl Scouts，I know there’s nothing stronger than the passion of young people. If you get a little kid excited about saving the environment，their parents，grandparents，teachers，and others in earshot are going to hear about it，too!
So far，the Project ReefLove message has directly reached more than 11,000 people—and I’ve been excited to see lawmakers take action to do their part，too. Hawaii just outlawed sunscreens that are toxic(有毒的) to reefs，and I’m hoping other states will follow its lead.
语篇解读 本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者为了保护珊瑚礁而创立了ReefLove项目的事迹。
1. What did the author plan to do for her Girl Scout Gold Award
A. Save kids in danger.
B. Build a butterfly garden.
C. Help refugees to make a living.
D. Teach kids how to protect coral reefs.
答案 D
解析 推理判断题。由第一段最后一句和第二段最后一句可知，作者打算竞争女童子军金奖时做一些更有影响力的事，即：教孩子如何保护珊瑚礁。故选D。
2. What does the underlined word “it” in Paragraph 3 refer to
A. Saving coral.
B. Using chemicals.
C. Giving up sunscreens.
D. Protecting sea creatures.
答案 A
解析 代词指代题。由第三段画线词所在句“拯救珊瑚似乎是一项艰巨的任务，但一旦你知道像使用矿物防晒霜或使用防皮疹产品而不是化学防晒产品这样简单的事情会造成多大的影响，你就会意识到这其实并不难”可知，it指代上文，上文讲到保护珊瑚礁，作者列举了保护珊瑚礁的方法，可得出it指“保护珊瑚礁”。故选A。
3. What does Paragraph 4 mainly deal with
A. The influence of Girl Scouts.
B. How family education affects kids.
C. The importance of protecting the environment.
D. Why the Project ReefLove focuses on kids’ education.
答案 D
解析 段落大意题。由第四段可知，如果孩子对保护环境感到兴奋，那么他们的父母、祖父母、老师和其他听力范围内的人也会听到，因此第四段主要讲为什么该项目将重点放在儿童教育上。故选D。
4. Why does the author write this text
A. To encourage more kids to join Girl Scouts.
B. To tell readers how she’s saving coral reefs.
C. To show that the Project ReefLove is powerful.
D. To ask lawmakers to pay attention to coral reefs.
答案 B
解析 写作意图题。结合全文可知，文章讲述了作者为保护珊瑚礁而创立了ReefLove项目的事迹，写这篇文章是为了记叙自己拯救珊瑚礁的历程。故选B。
Ⅳ. 完形填空
(2022·山东名校联盟高二质检)
Riding a wave is an experience that kids with disabilities might think impossible. That’s why Ride a Wave(RAW) was 1 . The nonprofit organization gives kids with 2 a chance to feel the excitement of surfing.
Every year from April through June，RAW provides 8-day camps. Physically and developmentally 3 young people come from miles away to participate. So far，the organization has 4 over 2,500 kids to have a life-changing day at the beach.
At 5 ，families help their children check in. You can see the excitement on the kids’ faces as they see the beach in the first ray of sunshine. After 6 life jackets，the kids are ready to ride the 7 . To the front of the surfboard is a seat specially designed for children with physical 8 . A RAW volunteer 9 the board safely. Being in the water allows children to 10 confidence. It lets them know they can do something that seems impossible.
Mariah Vash was a girl born with a rare speech disorder. 11 ，it can be difficult for others to know exactly what she wants to 12 . But the volunteers in RAW manage to understand her. “She deeply loves water. The ocean，lake， 13 or even a simple bath makes her 14 . She has been to RAW six times! She has taught me and my entire family how to love 15 and how to laugh as much as possible. It is selfless service that RAW is all about，” said Mariah’s father，Stuart Vash.
语篇解读 这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了一个非营利组织RAW帮助残疾的孩子们体验冲浪的乐趣。
1. A. ranked B. established
C. rewarded D. stopped
答案 B
解析 rank把……分等级；establish建立；reward奖励；stop停止。根据“The nonprofit organization”可知，此处表示成立Ride a Wave (RAW)这个组织。
2. A. disabilities B. expressions
C. nationalities D. families
答案 A
解析 disability残疾，缺陷；expression表达；nationality国籍；family家庭。根据上文“Riding a wave is an experience that kids with disabilities might think impossible. ”可知，此处是信息词disabilities的词汇复现。
3. A. decent B. harmonious
C. tired D. challenged
答案 D
解析 decent体面的，得体的；harmonious和谐的；tired劳累的；challenged有残疾的。根据“The nonprofit organization gives kids with a chance”可知，此处表示身患残疾的年轻人们前来参加这项活动。
4. A. commanded B. criticised
C. assisted D. represented
答案 C
解析 command命令，指挥；criticise批判；assist帮助；represent代表，表现。根据“The nonprofit organization gives kids with a chance”可知，此处表示该组织已经帮助了2 500多名儿童。
5. A. sunrise B. noon
C. sunset D. dusk
答案 A
解析 sunrise日出；noon中午；sunset日落；dusk黄昏。根据“as they see the beach in the first ray of sunshine”可知，此处表示在日出时，孩子们登记入住。
6. A. making up B. handing out
C. putting on D. throwing away
答案 C
解析 make up编造，组成；hand out分发；put on穿上；throw away扔掉。根据“life jackets”可知，此处表示穿上救生衣。
7. A. elevators B. waves
C. bikes D. horses
答案 B
解析 elevator电梯；wave海浪；bike自行车；horse马。根据“Riding a wave”可知，此处是信息词wave的词汇复现。
8. A. exercise B. link
C. exams D. limitations
答案 D
解析 exercise锻炼；link连接；exam考试；limitation限制。根据“kids with disabilities”可知，此处表示专门为身体有缺陷的儿童设计的座位。
9. A. controls B. drills
C. loosens D. displays
答案 A
解析 control控制；drill练习；loosen变松；display展示。根据“the board safely”可知，需要一名RAW志愿者安全地控制着冲浪板。
10. A. acknowledge B. gain
C. doubt D. lack
答案 B
解析 acknowledge承认；gain获得；doubt怀疑；lack缺乏。根据下文“It lets them know they can do something that seems impossible. ”可知，这让他们知道，他们可以做一些看似不可能的事情，可以使孩子们获得自信。
11. A. Curiously B. Fortunately
C. Consequently D. Alternatively
答案 C
解析 curiously好奇地；fortunately幸运地；consequently因此，结果；alternatively或者。根据“Mariah Vash was a girl born with a rare speech disorder. ”可知，Mariah Vash生来就患有罕见的语言障碍，因此别人很难知道她想表达什么。
12. A. serve B. check
C. bear D. express
答案 D
解析 serve服务；check检查；bear忍受；express表达。根据“born with a rare speech disorder”可知，因为有语言障碍，别人很难确切地知道她想要表达什么。
13. A. camp B. pool
C. sunlight D. organization
答案 B
解析 camp营地；pool游泳池，水塘；sunlight阳光；organization组织。根据“ocean，lake”可知，此处需填和水有关的事物。
14. A. delighted B. calm
C. embarrassed D. emotional
答案 A
解析 delighted高兴的；calm冷静的；embarrassed尴尬的；emotional情感的。根据“She deeply loves water. ”可知，因为非常喜爱水，所以海洋，湖泊，游泳池，甚至是一个简单的浴缸都能使她高兴。
15. A. incredibly B. selfishly
C. unconditionally D. slightly
答案 C
解析 incredibly难以置信地；selfishly自私地；unconditionally无条件地；slightly轻微地。根据“It is selfless service that RAW is all about”可知，此处表示“她教会了我和我的家人如何无条件地去爱”。
Ⅴ. 语法填空
(2022·福建三明高二期末质检)
It’s reported that China in 2021 1. (official) announced the first group of national parks—the Sanjiangyuan National Park，the Giant Panda National Park，the Northeast China Tiger and Leopard National Park，the Hainan Tropical Rainforest National Park，and the Wuyishan National Park. The national parks refer to special areas put under protection with the aim of conserving the ecosystem and natural resources. The 2. (announce) is a practical move related with the drive to continuously promote the building of 3. ecological civilization.
Home to various key wildlife species in China，the Wuyishan National Park appeals 4. ________ tourists both at home and abroad. Located in east China’s Fujian and Jinagxi，it features rich diversity due to 5. (it) unique natural environment. Taking a bamboo raft tour is people’s favourite. With trees,6. (bush) and colourful flowers covering every corner of the park，it’s a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen,7. (make) it the green lungs of Fujian. There are many hiking routes for you to take. What’s more，there are several viewing platforms 8. you can stop to admire the breathtaking beauty of mountains，waterfalls，and lakes around. Words fail 9. (describe) its impressive beauty. Therefore，you 10. (recommend) to pay a visit by yourself.
语篇解读 这是一篇新闻报道。2021年中国正式公布了首批国家公园——三江源国家公园、大熊猫国家公园、东北虎豹国家公园、海南热带雨林国家公园和武夷山国家公园。文章介绍了武夷山国家公园的情况。1. 答案 officially
解析 考查副词。修饰后文动词announce应用副词形式officially，作状语。
2. 答案 announcement
解析 考查名词。此处作主语，表示“公告”应用名词announcement，此处为特指应用单数。
3. 答案 an
解析 考查冠词。civilization在此处表泛指，应用不定冠词，且ecological是发音以元音音素开头的单词。
4. 答案 to
解析 考查介词。结合句意表示“吸引”可知短语为appeal to。
5. 答案 its
解析 考查代词。修饰后文名词environment应用形容词性物主代词its。
6. 答案 bushes
解析 考查名词复数。bush为可数名词，根据上文trees可知应用复数形式。
7. 答案 making
解析 考查非谓语动词。分析句子结构可知，make在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语
it’s a natural system for providing clean water and producing oxygen构成主动关系，故用现在分词作状语。
8. 答案 where
解析 考查定语从句。此处为定语从句修饰先行词platforms，先行词在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where引导。
9. 答案 to describe
解析 考查非谓语动词。结合句意表示“无法……”短语为fail to do sth. 。
10. 答案 are recommended
解析 考查时态、语态和主谓一致。主语与谓语构成被动关系，且陈述客观事实用一般现在时，主语为you，谓语用复数。
