5-5-2 2024-2025学年高二选择性必修第二册英语
Unit 5 Reading and Thinking 整体掌握 课文学案
人教版英语24字整体教学 教师版
目 录
◆读前清障
课文词块，词汇英汉
◆ 课文释译
重点词汇标注，重点句型讲解
理解探究
SKIMMING 整体理解 文本宏观框架
SCANNING 细节探究 文本微观剖析
REREADING 主题实践 阅读思维升华
RETELLING 整体掌握 文本知识浓缩
Reading and Thinking
◆阅读清障
Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵）
1. first-aid ________________急救技能
2. its largest ________________ 它的最大器官
3. the sun’s ________________ 阳光
4. ________________ 触觉
5. nuclear ________________ 核辐射
6. the top few ________________ of the skin 最上面几毫米的皮肤
7. ________________ household incidents 家庭小事故
8. the top ________________ of the skin 皮肤的顶层
9. a ________________ of the war 战争受害者
10. ________________ hands 肿胀的手
11. the issue ________________ 背后的问题
12. the ________________ sticking to the burnt skin 粘在烧伤皮肤上的织物
13. a ________________ clean cloth 一块宽松干净的布
14. an ________________ need 迫切需要
15. to ________________ the pain 减轻疼痛
16. ________________ the burnt area 包扎烧伤部位
【答案】
techniques
organ
rays
sense of touch
radiation
millimetres
minor
layer
victim
swollen
underneath
fabric
loose
urgent
ease
wrap
Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵）
1. ____________________阻止……做……
2. ____________________导致；通向
3. ____________________被分成
4. ____________________马上；立刻
5. ____________________坚持；粘住
6. ____________________确信；证实
7. ____________________忍受；遭受
8. ____________________ sense of touch
9. ____________________ first aid
10. ____________________ a variety of
【答案】
prevent…from…
lead to
be divided into
at once
stick to
make sure
suffer from
触觉
急救
各种各样的
◆ 课文释译
词汇助读 原文 译文
①essential adj. 必要的；必备的 ②organ n. (人或动植物的)器官 ③act as 担任；充当 ④toxin n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) ⑤ray n. 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 ⑥sense of touch 触觉 ⑦get burnt 被烧伤 ⑧a variety of 各种各样的 ⑨radiation n. 辐射；放射线 electricity n. 电；电能 acid n. 酸 adj. 酸的；酸性的 be divided into 被分成…… depend on 视……而定；取决于…… millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米 minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 layer n. 层；表层；层次 electric shock 触电；电击 internal adj. 内部的 victim n. 受害者；患者 swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 blister n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 underneath prep. & adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面 nerve n. 神经 fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 stick to 粘住；坚持 loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的 apply . . . to 把……涂在……上；把……运用到……当中去 infection n. 感染 suffer from 遭受 urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的 FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential① part of your body and is its largest organ②. Your skin acts as③ a barrier against disease, toxins④， and the sun's rays⑤. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch⑥. [1] As you can imagine, getting burnt⑦ can lead to very serious injuries. [2]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. [3] [1]本句是主从复合句，其中when things are too hot or cold是时间状语从句，而主句中有四个并列谓语动词helps, prevents, warns和gives。 [2]本句是主从复合句，其中As you can imagine是as引导的非限制性定语从句，而getting burnt是动名词短语作主语。 [3]本句是简单句，其中giving first aid是动词 ing 形式作表语。 CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of⑧ things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation⑨， the sun, electricity， acids， or other chemicals. [4] [4]本句是简单句，其中冒号后面的内容都是对上文things的具体示例。 TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. [5] ·First degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. [6] ·Second degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. ·Third degree burns These affect every layer of ， and sometimes the tissue under it . Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. [7] [5]本句是简单句，其中depending on是现在分词短语作状语，意为“视……而定；取决于……”。 [6] 本句是简单句，其中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。 [7]本句是由and连接的并列句。 CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First degree burns ·dry, red, and mildly swollen ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed [8] Second degree burns ·red and swollen; blisters； watery surface ·extremely painful Third degree burns ·black and white ·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen ·little or no pain if nerves are damaged [9]; may be painful around the edges of the burn [8]句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。 [9]句中if引导条件状语从句。 FIRST AID TREATMENT 1. Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. [10] 4. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. [11] 5. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 6. If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. [12] [10]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是祈使句Remove any clothes, using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语， if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。 [11]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语，而as引导原因状语从句。 [12]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是there be句型，而从句是If引导的条件状语从句。 烧伤急救处理 皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。 烧伤的原因 很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。 烧伤的种类 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。 ·一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。 ·二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。 ·三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。 烧伤的特点 一度烧伤 ·干燥、发红、微肿 ·微痛 ·受压时变白 二度烧伤 ·发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液 ·极度疼痛 三度烧伤 ·皮肤发黑或变白 ·肿胀；通常可见皮下组织 ·如果神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感 急救处理 1. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。 2. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。 3. 如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 4. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。 5. 如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。 6. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
理解探究
SKIMMING 整体理解 文本宏观框架
Step 1 Pre reading
1. What happened to them in the pictures
Picture 1: ______________________
Picture 2: ______________________
Picture 3: ______________________
2. If you come across such situation, what will you do
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is first aid
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Picture 1: Choking
Picture 2: A sprained ankle
Picture 3: Nosebleed
Answers may vary.
First aid is a temporary form of help given to someone who suddenly falls ill or gets injuried before a doctor can be found.
Step 2 While reading
1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Burns and their first aid.
B. The functions of the skin.
C. Causes of different burns.
D. First aid treatment.
2. Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para. 1) A. The three types of burns
Part 2 (Para. 2) B. What to do if someone gets burnt
Part 3 (Paras. 3－6) C. The functions of the skin
Part 4 (Para. 7) D. The symptoms of burns
Part 5 (Paras. 8－13) E. How we get burnt
【答案】
A
Parts 1-5 CEADB
SCANNING 细节探究 文本微观剖析
Step 3. Long sentence analysis.
1. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句Remove any clothes是祈使句，using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语，if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
2. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语 Applying oil to the injured areas作主语；as引导原因状语从句。
[自主翻译] 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，____________________________________________________。
【答案】
如果有必要
因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染
Step 4. task 1. Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. What are the characteristics of first degree burns
A. Black, white and charred.
B. Rough, red and swollen.
C. Rough, red and dry.
D. Dry, red and mildly swollen.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns
A. Steam and radiation.
B. The moon and the sun.
C. Fire and electricity.
D. Hot liquids and chemicals.
3. If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, someone must .
A. be sent to hospital at once
B. be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately
C. be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandage
D. be asked not to drink any water
4. Why should we dry the burnt area gently
A. Because the person will cry.
B. Because rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
C. Because the burns are on the face.
D. Because it will make the person feel good.
【答案】
1-4 DBAB
Task 2 判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1. The skin can help to protect you from disease，toxins and the sun's rays.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
2. Radiation may cause you to get burnt.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
3. First degree burns are very serious.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
4. When nerves are damaged，you will have little or no pain.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
5. If burns are on the leg，make sure the victim can still walk.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
【答案】
1－5 AABAC
Step 5. 概要写作微技能——查找段落主题句并高度概括
Paragraph 1：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 5：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
【答案】
Paragraph 1：The skin is an essential part of your body and is its largest organ.
高度概括为：The skin is an essential organ.
Paragraph 2：You can get burnt by a variety of things：hot liquids，steam，fire，radiation，the sun，electricity，acids，or other chemicals.
高度概括为：Many things like chemicals can make you get burnt.
Paragraph 3：Burns are divided into three types，depending on the depth of skin damage.
高度概括为：Burns are divided into three types.
Paragraph 4：CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS
高度概括为：Different types of burns have different characteristics.
Paragraph 5：FIRST AID TREATMENT
高度概括为：Giving proper first aid is very important and necessary.
REREADING 主题实践 阅读思维升华
Step 6. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns
Depth only the top few 1. ________________ of the skin below 2. ________________ of the skin every layer of the skin，and sometimes 3. ________________ under it
Characteristics ●dry，red and mildly swollen●mildly painful ●4. ________________ when pressed ●red and swollen；blisters； 5. ________________ ●extremely painful ●black and white ●swollen；the tissue underneath can often be seen ●little or no pain if 6. ________________ are maged；may be painful around the edges of the burn
Treatment Place burns under 7. ________________. →Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. →Remove any clothes 8. ________________ if necessary→Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. →Burns on the face：make sure the victim can still 9. ________________. →Second or third degree burns：there is 10. ________________ to take him/her to the hospital at once.
【答案】
millimetres
the top layer
the tissue
Turn white
Watery surface
nerves
cool running water
using scissors
breathe
an urgent need
Step 7. Reread the passage and answer the following questions.
1. How can we give first aid properly when someone gets burnt (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you have any other suggestions about first aid (Divergent Thinking 发散性思维)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
First, we should know whether he/she is seriously injured or not. Second, give some basic treatment, such as placing burns under cool running water and removing any clothes. Third, it would be better to take him/her to see a doctor.
I think we should prepare a first aid kit at home and we should all attend some classes on first aid.
RETELLING 整体掌握 文本知识浓缩
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What is the function of the skin
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many types are burns divided into and what are they
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What can we do with the first-degree burns
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How can we deal with a victim suffering from second or third-degree burns
________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The skin is an essential part of your body and acts as a barrier against disease.
Burns are divided into three types; first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns.
Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes.
Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth.
Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary.
Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth.
If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe.
We should send him/her to the hospital at once.
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 使用非限制性定语从句改写第1句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 使用同位语结构改写第2句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 使用总结性词汇（common practices）替代第3句中的具体做法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 使用主从复合句改写第4句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The skin,which acts as a barrier against disease,is an essential part of your body.
Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns,second-degree burns and third-degree burns.
Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns.
If the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns,he/she should be taken to the hospital at once.
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】
The skin, which acts as a barrier against disease, is an essential part of your body. Burns are divided into three types-first-degree burns, second-degree burns and third-degree burns. Some common practices can deal with first-degree burns. However, if the victim is suffering from second or third-degree burns, he/she should be taken to the hospital at once.
Ⅰ. 课文语法填空
The skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from 1. ______________ (lose) too much water and 2. ______________(give) you your sense of touch. 3. ______________ you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the 4. ______________ (treat) of burns is giving first aid.
Burns are divided into three types, depending 5. ______________ the depth of skin damage. First degree burns affect only the top few millimetres of skin. Examples include mild sunburn and burns 6. ______________(cause) by other minor household incidents. Second degree burns go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get 7. ______________(well). Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. Third degree burns affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue 8. ______________ it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 9. ______________ (breath). If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need 10. ______________(take) him/her to the hospital at once.
【答案】
losing
gives
As
treatment
on
caused
better
under
breathe
to take5-5-2 2024-2025学年高二选择性必修第二册英语
Unit 5 Reading and Thinking 整体掌握 课文学案
人教版英语24字整体教学 学生版
目 录
◆读前清障
课文词块，词汇英汉
◆ 课文释译
重点词汇标注，重点句型讲解
理解探究
SKIMMING 整体理解 文本宏观框架
SCANNING 细节探究 文本微观剖析
REREADING 主题实践 阅读思维升华
RETELLING 整体掌握 文本知识浓缩
Reading and Thinking
◆阅读清障
Ⅰ. 单词认读关（先填后记诵）
1. first-aid ________________急救技能
2. its largest ________________ 它的最大器官
3. the sun’s ________________ 阳光
4. ________________ 触觉
5. nuclear ________________ 核辐射
6. the top few ________________ of the skin 最上面几毫米的皮肤
7. ________________ household incidents 家庭小事故
8. the top ________________ of the skin 皮肤的顶层
9. a ________________ of the war 战争受害者
10. ________________ hands 肿胀的手
11. the issue ________________ 背后的问题
12. the ________________ sticking to the burnt skin 粘在烧伤皮肤上的织物
13. a ________________ clean cloth 一块宽松干净的布
14. an ________________ need 迫切需要
15. to ________________ the pain 减轻疼痛
16. ________________ the burnt area 包扎烧伤部位
Ⅱ. 语块记诵关（先填后记诵）
1. ____________________阻止……做……
2. ____________________导致；通向
3. ____________________被分成
4. ____________________马上；立刻
5. ____________________坚持；粘住
6. ____________________确信；证实
7. ____________________忍受；遭受
8. ____________________ sense of touch
9. ____________________ first aid
10. ____________________ a variety of
◆ 课文释译
词汇助读 原文 译文
①essential adj. 必要的；必备的 ②organ n. (人或动植物的)器官 ③act as 担任；充当 ④toxin n. 毒素(尤指细菌产生的致病物质) ⑤ray n. 光线；光束；(热、电等)射线 ⑥sense of touch 触觉 ⑦get burnt 被烧伤 ⑧a variety of 各种各样的 ⑨radiation n. 辐射；放射线 electricity n. 电；电能 acid n. 酸 adj. 酸的；酸性的 be divided into 被分成…… depend on 视……而定；取决于…… millimetre n. 毫米；千分之一米 minor adj. 较小的；次要的；轻微的 layer n. 层；表层；层次 electric shock 触电；电击 internal adj. 内部的 victim n. 受害者；患者 swollen adj. (身体部位)肿起的；肿胀的 blister n. (皮肤上因摩擦、烫伤等引起的)水疱；(金属等表面的)气泡、水泡 underneath prep. & adv. 在……底下；隐藏在下面 nerve n. 神经 fabric n. 织物；布料；(社会、机构等的)结构 stick to 粘住；坚持 loose adj. 松的；未系紧的；宽松的 apply . . . to 把……涂在……上；把……运用到……当中去 infection n. 感染 suffer from 遭受 urgent adj. 紧急的；急迫的；急切的 FIRST AID FOR BURNS The skin is an essential① part of your body and is its largest organ②. Your skin acts as③ a barrier against disease, toxins④， and the sun's rays⑤. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from losing too much water, warns you when things are too hot or cold, and gives you your sense of touch⑥. [1] As you can imagine, getting burnt⑦ can lead to very serious injuries. [2]The first and most important step in the treatment of burns is giving first aid. [3] [1]本句是主从复合句，其中when things are too hot or cold是时间状语从句，而主句中有四个并列谓语动词helps, prevents, warns和gives。 [2]本句是主从复合句，其中As you can imagine是as引导的非限制性定语从句，而getting burnt是动名词短语作主语。 [3]本句是简单句，其中giving first aid是动词 ing 形式作表语。 CAUSES OF BURNS You can get burnt by a variety of⑧ things: hot liquids, steam, fire, radiation⑨， the sun, electricity， acids， or other chemicals. [4] [4]本句是简单句，其中冒号后面的内容都是对上文things的具体示例。 TYPES OF BURNS Burns are divided into three types, depending on the depth of skin damage. [5] ·First degree burns These affect only the top few millimetres of the skin. These burns are not serious. Examples include mild sunburn and burns caused by other minor household incidents. [6] ·Second degree burns These go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get better. Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. ·Third degree burns These affect every layer of ， and sometimes the tissue under it . Examples include burns caused by electric shocks， burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once. [7] [5]本句是简单句，其中depending on是现在分词短语作状语，意为“视……而定；取决于……”。 [6] 本句是简单句，其中caused by other minor household incidents是过去分词短语作后置定语，修饰burns。 [7]本句是由and连接的并列句。 CHARACTERISTICS OF BURNS First degree burns ·dry, red, and mildly swollen ·mildly painful ·turn white when pressed [8] Second degree burns ·red and swollen; blisters； watery surface ·extremely painful Third degree burns ·black and white ·swollen; the tissue underneath can often be seen ·little or no pain if nerves are damaged [9]; may be painful around the edges of the burn [8]句中when pressed是时间状语从句的省略形式。 [9]句中if引导条件状语从句。 FIRST AID TREATMENT 1. Place burns under cool running water, especially within the first ten minutes. The cool water stops the burning process and reduces the pain and swelling. 2. Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. 3. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin. [10] 4. Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection. [11] 5. If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still breathe. 6. If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need to take him/her to the hospital at once. [12] [10]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是祈使句Remove any clothes, using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语， if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。 [11]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语Applying oil to the injured areas作主语，而as引导原因状语从句。 [12]本句是主从复合句，其中主句是there be句型，而从句是If引导的条件状语从句。 烧伤急救处理 皮肤是人体必不可少的一部分，也是人体最大的器官。皮肤是一道屏障，能阻挡疾病、毒素和太阳光线的侵入。皮肤还有助于控制体温，防止身体流失过多的水分，在外物过热或过冷时发出警告，并使你拥有触觉。可想而知，烧伤会造成严重后果。在处理烧伤时，第一步也是最重要的一步就是采取急救措施。 烧伤的原因 很多东西都会造成烧伤：灼热的液体、蒸汽、明火、辐射、太阳光、电流、酸性物质或其他化学品。 烧伤的种类 根据皮肤损伤的深度，烧伤分为三类。 ·一度烧伤：仅伤及最上层几毫米的皮肤。此类烧伤并不严重，如轻度的晒伤和其他轻微家庭事故造成的烧伤。 ·二度烧伤：伤及最上层皮肤以下的部位。此类烧伤较为严重，需要数周时间才能康复，如灼热的液体造成的烧伤。 ·三度烧伤：伤及每一层皮肤，有时甚至伤及皮下组织，如因电击灼伤、衣服着火造成的烧伤，或汽油起火造成的烧伤。此类烧伤会引起非常严重的内部损伤，伤者必须立即送往医院。 烧伤的特点 一度烧伤 ·干燥、发红、微肿 ·微痛 ·受压时变白 二度烧伤 ·发红、肿胀；起水疱；表层渗液 ·极度疼痛 三度烧伤 ·皮肤发黑或变白 ·肿胀；通常可见皮下组织 ·如果神经受损，则微痛或无痛感；创面边缘或有痛感 急救处理 1. 将烧伤部位放在流动的冷水下冲洗，尤其在前十分钟。冷水冲洗可阻止烧伤进程，缓解疼痛和肿胀。 2. 用干净的布轻轻吸干烧伤部位的水分。 3. 如果有必要，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。 4. 用干净透气的布盖住烧伤部位。在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，因为这会阻碍伤口散热，而且可能引发感染。 5. 如果烧伤部位在脸上，应确保伤者仍可呼吸。 6. 如果伤者是二度或三度烧伤，必须立刻送往医院。
理解探究
SKIMMING 整体理解 文本宏观框架
Step 1 Pre reading
1. What happened to them in the pictures
Picture 1: ______________________
Picture 2: ______________________
Picture 3: ______________________
2. If you come across such situation, what will you do
________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What is first aid
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2 While reading
1. What is the passage mainly about
A. Burns and their first aid.
B. The functions of the skin.
C. Causes of different burns.
D. First aid treatment.
2. Match the main idea with each part.
Part 1 (Para. 1) A. The three types of burns
Part 2 (Para. 2) B. What to do if someone gets burnt
Part 3 (Paras. 3－6) C. The functions of the skin
Part 4 (Para. 7) D. The symptoms of burns
Part 5 (Paras. 8－13) E. How we get burnt
SCANNING 细节探究 文本微观剖析
Step 3. Long sentence analysis.
1. Remove any clothes using scissors if necessary, unless you see the fabric sticking to the burnt skin.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句Remove any clothes是祈使句，using scissors是现在分词短语作方式状语，if necessary是条件状语从句的省略结构， unless又引导了条件状语从句。
[自主翻译] ____________________________________________________，用剪刀剪掉烧伤部位的衣服，除非你看到衣服与被烧伤的皮肤粘连在一起。
2. Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea, as it will keep the heat in the wounds and may cause infection.
[句式分析] 本句是一个主从复合句，其中主句是Applying oil to the injured areas is a bad idea，动名词短语 Applying oil to the injured areas作主语；as引导原因状语从句。
[自主翻译] 在受伤处涂抹油膏不可取，____________________________________________________。
Step 4. task 1. Choose the best answer according to the text.
1. What are the characteristics of first degree burns
A. Black, white and charred.
B. Rough, red and swollen.
C. Rough, red and dry.
D. Dry, red and mildly swollen.
2. Which of the following is NOT the cause of burns
A. Steam and radiation.
B. The moon and the sun.
C. Fire and electricity.
D. Hot liquids and chemicals.
3. If burns affect all three layers of the skin and any tissue and organs under the skin, someone must .
A. be sent to hospital at once
B. be placed on the floor and cool the burns immediately
C. be undressed in order to cover the burned area with a clean, dry bandage
D. be asked not to drink any water
4. Why should we dry the burnt area gently
A. Because the person will cry.
B. Because rubbing may break any blisters and the wound may get infected.
C. Because the burns are on the face.
D. Because it will make the person feel good.
Task 2 判断以下句子提供的信息是正确，还是错误，还是没有提及。
1. The skin can help to protect you from disease，toxins and the sun's rays.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
2. Radiation may cause you to get burnt.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
3. First degree burns are very serious.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
4. When nerves are damaged，you will have little or no pain.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
5. If burns are on the leg，make sure the victim can still walk.
A. Right. B. Wrong. C. Not mentioned.
Step 5. 概要写作微技能——查找段落主题句并高度概括
Paragraph 1：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 3：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 4：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 5：______________________________________________________________________
高度概括为：______________________________________________________________________
REREADING 主题实践 阅读思维升华
Step 6. Reread the passage and fill in the blanks.
First degree burns Second degree burns Third degree burns
Depth only the top few 1. ________________ of the skin below 2. ________________ of the skin every layer of the skin，and sometimes 3. ________________ under it
Characteristics ●dry，red and mildly swollen●mildly painful ●4. ________________ when pressed ●red and swollen；blisters； 5. ________________ ●extremely painful ●black and white ●swollen；the tissue underneath can often be seen ●little or no pain if 6. ________________ are maged；may be painful around the edges of the burn
Treatment Place burns under 7. ________________. →Dry the burnt area gently with a clean cloth. →Remove any clothes 8. ________________ if necessary→Cover the burnt area with a loose clean cloth. →Burns on the face：make sure the victim can still 9. ________________. →Second or third degree burns：there is 10. ________________ to take him/her to the hospital at once.
Step 7. Reread the passage and answer the following questions.
1. How can we give first aid properly when someone gets burnt (Creative Thinking 创造性思维)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
2. Do you have any other suggestions about first aid (Divergent Thinking 发散性思维)
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
RETELLING 整体掌握 文本知识浓缩
Step 1 Question Answering
根据课文内容回答下列问题。
1. What is the function of the skin
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. How many types are burns divided into and what are they
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. What can we do with the first-degree burns
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. How can we deal with a victim suffering from second or third-degree burns
________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 2 Sentence Rewriting
1. 使用非限制性定语从句改写第1句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
2. 使用同位语结构改写第2句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
3. 使用总结性词汇（common practices）替代第3句中的具体做法。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
4. 使用主从复合句改写第4句。
___________________________________________________________________________________________
Step 3 Summary Writing
1. 将以上句子连成一篇语言流畅、用词准确、逻辑严密的文章概要。
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Ⅰ. 课文语法填空
The skin acts as a barrier against disease, toxins, and the sun's rays. It also helps control your body temperature, prevents your body from 1. ______________ (lose) too much water and 2. ______________(give) you your sense of touch. 3. ______________ you can imagine, getting burnt can lead to very serious injuries. The first and most important step in the 4. ______________ (treat) of burns is giving first aid.
Burns are divided into three types, depending 5. ______________ the depth of skin damage. First degree burns affect only the top few millimetres of skin. Examples include mild sunburn and burns 6. ______________(cause) by other minor household incidents. Second degree burns go below the top layer of the skin. They are serious and take a few weeks to get 7. ______________(well). Examples include burns caused by hot liquids. Third degree burns affect every layer of the skin, and sometimes the tissue 8. ______________ it. Examples include burns caused by electric shocks, burning clothes, or petrol fires. These burns cause very severe internal injuries and the victim must go to the hospital at once.
If burns are on the face, make sure the victim can still 9. ______________ (breath). If the victim is suffering from second or third degree burns, there is an urgent need 10. ______________(take) him/her to the hospital at once.
