Unit 3 直接引语和间接引语 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第三册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 6-3-3
直接引语和间接引语
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
直接引语和间接引语
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
直接引语如果变为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
1. 连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door. ”
小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句)
→The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.
小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(. . . or. . . 或. . . or not)或if引导。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.
他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)
[名师点津]
(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb. ”常改为told sb. 。
(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即学即练1] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①The patient asked，“Is Dr. Li at the hospital？”
→The patient asked whether/if Dr. Li was at the hospital.
②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked who had lost the key to the room.
2. 人称的变化
[记忆口诀]一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own. ”
玛丽说，“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。
(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。
(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours. ”
工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。
[即学即练2] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party. ”
→John said (that) the next day he was going to attend that party.
②She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago. ”
→She said (that) she had worked in Shanghai three years before.
3. 时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic. ”
他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan. ”
组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
[名师点津]
直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；
(3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。
[即学即练3] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①My mother said，“The door isn't locked. ”
→My mother said that the door wasn't locked.
②The patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease. ”
→The patient said (that) the doctors had discussed the mysterious disease.
③Tom said，“I am reading in my room. ”
→Tom said that he was reading in his room.
4. 指示词、状语及动词的变化
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next(following)day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
5. 当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth. 的形式。
“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
她告诉我要听他的指令。
6. 若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
她告诉孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。
7. 当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb. ＋to do”等结构。
Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight. ”
→Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
那天晚上杰克建议我们去看电影。
8. 如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
她说天气不错。
9. 若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
他问我是否能借给他两元钱。
[即学即练4] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①She cried，“What a crazy idea you have！”
→She cried what a crazy idea I had.
②I asked my roommate，“Would you mind turning the music down？”
→I asked my roommate to turn the music down.
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1. He asked her，“Where are you going？”
He asked her where she was going.
2. “A friend in need is a friend indeed，” Mother said to me.
Mother told me that a friend in need is a friend indeed.
3. “You must finish it today，” the boss said to his secretary.
The boss told his secretary that she/he had to finish it that day.
4. “How long have you worked in the company？”he asked me.
He asked me how long I had worked in the company.
5. “Will Mr Chen come to give us a lecture next week？” I asked Sara.
I asked Sara whether/if Mr Chen would come to give us a lecture the next/following week.
Ⅱ. 单句写作
6. 他说他担心那些动物会死于饥饿。
He said that he was worried that those animals would die of/from starvation.
7. 父亲让我在空闲时间研究生态学。
My father asked me to study ecology in my spare time.
8. 那位专家建议我们尽快修复这座旧剧院。
The expert suggested that we (should) restore the old theatre as soon as possible.
9. 导游告诉我们一些人正在视察那所学校。
The guild told us that some people were inspecting the school.
10. 妈妈问我是否能忍受那么恶劣的工作条件。
My mother asked me whether/if I could tolerate such bad working conditions.
能力提升 突破考点
实战演练
Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1. “I am having breakfast,” he said.
→ He said that he was having breakfast.
2. Jenny said, “I have finished my homework. ”
→ J enny said that she had finished her homework.
3. “You can come here before eight,” he said.
→ He said that I could go there before eight.
4. “Did you read the book last week ” he said.
→ He asked if/whether I had read the book the week before.
5. He asked me, “How will you get to the party ”
→ He asked me how I would get to the party.
6. “Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
→ The teacher asked Li Ming to open the window.
7. Sophie said, “Facts speak louder than words. ”
→ Sophie said that facts speak louder than words.
8. She said to me, “They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat. ”
→ She told me that they wanted to decrease the amount of fat they ate.
9. “You are a doctor, aren’t you ” he said.
→ He asked (me) whether I was a doctor (or not).
10. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys. ”
→ He told the boys not to make that much noise.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. “I haven’t seen my English teacher these days,” said Mary.
→Mary said that she hadn’t seen her English teacher those days.
2. “How much have we spent on education this year ” she asked her husband.
→She asked her husband how much they had spent on education that year.
3. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked whether/if I knew where she lived .
4. “Don’t forget to turn off the light,” said our monitor.
→Our monitor told me not to forget to turn off the light.
5. “I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said.
→He told Tom that he would go and see him again that evening.
6. The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”→The teacher said that where there is a will, there is a way.
7. Mary said, “I came to this place again in 2000. ”
→Mary said that she went to that place again in 2000.
8. He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ”
→He said that his washing machine was being repaired that week, so he had to wash his clothes by hand.
9. Kurt asked, “John, what is your plan for personal growth ”
→Kurt asked John what his plan for personal growth was .
10. “A parents’ meeting will be held in our class next week,” Li Hua said to his parents.
→Li Hua told his parents that a parents’ meeting would be held in their class the following/next week.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
1. Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world 1. warmer (warm) than ever before.
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2. them (they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger 3. that/which threatens their only home.
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice 4. has been reduced (reduce) by 9. 8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend 5. on/upon sea ice for their 6. survival (survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 7. a scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist. ”
8. Melting (melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time 9. to huntUnit 3 直接引语和间接引语 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第三册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 6-3-3
直接引语和间接引语
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
直接引语和间接引语
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
直接引语如果变为间接引语，须在连接词、人称、时态、状语、个别指示代词和动词等方面做相应的变化。
1. 连接词的选择
(1)直接引语是陈述句，变为间接引语时，常变成由that引导的宾语从句。在口语中that可以省略。
The little boy said，“I was playing with my toys when someone knocked at the door. ”
小男孩说：“我在玩我的玩具，这时有人敲门。”(直接引语为陈述句)
→The little boy said(that)he was playing with his toys when someone knocked at the door.
小男孩说，他在玩他的玩具，那时有人敲门。(间接引语为that引导的宾语从句)
(2)直接引语是一般疑问句、选择疑问句或反义疑问句时，间接引语中用whether(. . . or. . . 或. . . or not)或if引导。
Mother said to her daughter，“Are you satisfied with your new room？”
妈妈对她的女儿说：“你对你的新房间满意吗？”(直接引语为一般疑问句)
→Mother asked her daughter whether/if she was satisfied with her new room.
妈妈问她女儿是否对她的新房间满意。(间接引语改为whether/if引导的宾语从句)
(3)直接引语为特殊疑问句时，间接引语仍用原句中的特殊疑问词来引导，其余的变化遵照直接引语和间接引语之间的转换规则来进行。
“When will the sports meet be held？”he said.
他说：“什么时候举行运动会？”(直接引语为特殊疑问句)
→He asked when the sports meet would be held.
他问什么时候举行运动会。(间接引语改为由特殊疑问词引导的宾语从句)
[名师点津]
(1)直接引语是陈述句时，若变为间接引语，主句谓语动词“said to sb. ”常改为told sb. 。
(2)直接引语是疑问句时，如果主句中谓语动词是said，则将其改为asked。
(3)疑问句的直接引语变间接引语时，要把疑问语序变成陈述语序。
[即学即练1] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①The patient asked，“Is Dr. Li at the hospital？”
→The patient asked __________________ Dr. Li was at the hospital.
②“Who lost the key to the room？”asked Miss Green.
→Miss Green asked __________________ had lost the key to the room.
2. 人称的变化
[记忆口诀]一随主，二随宾，第三人称不更新。
直接引语变为间接引语时，人称代词要根据转述人立场的变化作相应的改变。
(1)“一随主”。指在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语是第一人称或被第一人称修饰。从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。
Mary said，“I want to have a computer of my own. ”
玛丽说，“我想拥有一台我自己的电脑。”
→Mary said that she wanted to have a computer of her own.
玛丽说她想拥有一台自己的电脑。
(2)“二随宾”。指直接引语变间接引语时，若从句中的主语及宾语是第二人称或被第二人称修饰，从句中的人称要跟引号外的主句的宾语一致。
Her colleague said to her，“Who did you ask for a leave？”
她的同事对她说，“你向谁请了假？”
→Her colleague asked her who she had asked for a leave. 她的同事问她向谁请了假。
(3)“第三人称不更新”。指直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语及宾语是第三人称或被第三人称修饰，从句中的人称一般不需要变化。
The workers said，“The leaders often make the workers work extra hours. ”
工人们说：“领导经常让工人们加班。”
→The workers said that the leaders often made the workers work extra hours.
工人们说领导经常让工人们加班。
[即学即练2] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①John said，“Tomorrow I'm going to attend this party. ”
→John said (that) the next day __________________ attend that party.
②She said，“I worked in Shanghai three years ago. ”
→She said (that) __________________ three years before.
3. 时态的变化
直接引语变为间接引语时句子时态变化如下表：
直接引语 间接引语
句子时态 一般现在时 一般过去时
现在进行时 过去进行时
现在完成时 过去完成时
一般过去时 过去完成时
过去完成时 不变
一般将来时 过去将来时
His friend said to him，“We are planning to have a picnic. ”
他的朋友对他说：“我们计划去野餐。”(直接引语为现在进行时)
→His friend told him that they were planning to have a picnic.
他的朋友告诉他说，他们计划去野餐。(间接引语为过去进行时)
The organizer said，“We have begun our plan. ”
组织者说：“我们已开始了我们的计划。”(直接引语为现在完成时)
→The organizer said that they had begun their plan.
组织者说，他们已开始了他们的计划。(间接引语为过去完成时)
[名师点津]
直接引语变为间接引语时，时态不发生变化的情况：
(1)直接引语是客观真理、谚语和格言时；
(2)直接引语中有具体的过去的某年、某月、某日作状语，变为间接引语时，时态不变；
(3)主句的谓语时态为现在进行时态。
[即学即练3] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①My mother said，“The door isn't locked. ”
→My mother said that the door __________________.
②The patient said，“The doctors have discussed the mysterious disease. ”
→The patient said (that) the doctors __________________ the mysterious disease.
③Tom said，“I am reading in my room. ”
→Tom said that he __________________ in his room.
4. 指示词、状语及动词的变化
指示代词 this that
these those
时间状语 now then
today that day
tonight that night
yesterday the day before
tomorrow the next(following)day
last month(week) the month(week)before
next month(week) the next month(week)
the day before yesterday two days before
地点状语 here there
动词 come go
bring take
5. 当祈使句作直接引语表示要求和命令时，变间接引语时常采用ask/tell/order sb. to do sth. 的形式。
“Follow his instructions，”she said to me.
→She told me to follow his instructions.
她告诉我要听他的指令。
6. 若直接引语中祈使句是否定形式，变间接引语时，不定式符号to前要加not或never。
She said，“Don't make so much noise，children！”
→She told the children not to make so much noise.
她告诉孩子们不要制造这么多噪音。
7. 当直接引语为表示建议、提议的祈使句或表示请求、提议、劝告、建议的疑问句时，多采用“suggest＋doing/that从句(如suggest后接that从句时，从句使用虚拟语气should＋动词原形，should也可省略)，offer to do和ask/advise/want sb. ＋to do”等结构。
Jack said，“Let's go to the cinema tonight. ”
→Jack suggested that we should go to the cinema that night.
→Jack suggested our going to the cinema that night.
那天晚上杰克建议我们去看电影。
8. 如果直接引语部分是感叹句，改为间接引语时，引导词可以用该感叹句的感叹词(即what或how)引导，也可以用that引导。
She said，“What a lovely day it is！”
→She said what a lovely day it was.
她说天气不错。
9. 若直接引语中的一般疑问句是由表示委婉语气的would，could等构成的疑问句，转换为间接引语时句子的谓语动词常用asked。
“Can you lend me two yuan？”he asked me.
→He asked me if I could lend him two yuan.
他问我是否能借给他两元钱。
[即学即练4] 将直接引语变换为间接引语
①She cried，“What a crazy idea you have！”
→She cried __________________ a crazy idea I had.
②I asked my roommate，“Would you mind turning the music down？”
→I asked my roommate __________________ the music down.
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1. He asked her，“Where are you going？”
______________________________________________________________
2. “A friend in need is a friend indeed，” Mother said to me.
______________________________________________________________
3. “You must finish it today，” the boss said to his secretary.
_____________________________________________________________
4. “How long have you worked in the company？”he asked me.
______________________________________________________________
5. “Will Mr Chen come to give us a lecture next week？” I asked Sara.
______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 单句写作
6. 他说他担心那些动物会死于饥饿。
______________________________________________________________
7. 父亲让我在空闲时间研究生态学。
______________________________________________________________
8. 那位专家建议我们尽快修复这座旧剧院。
__________________
9. 导游告诉我们一些人正在视察那所学校。
______________________________________________________________
10. 妈妈问我是否能忍受那么恶劣的工作条件。
______________________________________________________________
能力提升 突破考点
实战演练
Ⅰ. 将下列直接引语变为间接引语
1. “I am having breakfast,” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
2. Jenny said, “I have finished my homework. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
3. “You can come here before eight,” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
4. “Did you read the book last week ” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
5. He asked me, “How will you get to the party ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
6. “Please open the window,” the teacher said to Li Ming.
→ ______________________________________________________________
7. Sophie said, “Facts speak louder than words. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
8. She said to me, “They want to decrease the amount of fat they eat. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
9. “You are a doctor, aren’t you ” he said.
→ ______________________________________________________________
10. He said, “Don’t make so much noise, boys. ”
→ ______________________________________________________________
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. “I haven’t seen my English teacher these days,” said Mary.
→Mary said that __________________English teacher __________________days.
2. “How much have we spent on education this year ” she asked her husband.
→She asked her husband how much __________________on education __________________year.
3. “Do you know where she lives ” he asked.
→He asked __________________where she __________________.
4. “Don’t forget to turn off the light,” said our monitor.
→Our monitor told me __________________to turn off the light.
5. “I’ll come and see you again this evening, Tom,” he said.
→He told Tom that he __________________and see him again __________________evening.
6. The teacher said, “Where there is a will, there is a way. ”→The teacher said that where there __________________a will, there __________________a way.
7. Mary said, “I came to this place again in 2000. ”
→Mary said that she __________________again in 2000.
8. He said, “My washing machine is being repaired this week, so I have to wash my clothes by hand. ”
→He said that his washing machine __________________being repaired __________________week, so he had to wash his clothes by hand.
9. Kurt asked, “John, what is your plan for personal growth ”
→Kurt asked John what __________________plan for personal growth __________________.
10. “A parents’ meeting will be held in our class next week,” Li Hua said to his parents.
→Li Hua told his parents that a parents’ meeting __________________be held in __________________class __________________week.
Ⅲ. 语法填空
Polar bears are undergoing hunger in a world 1. __________________(warm) than ever before.
Polar bears live in the environment too cold for most animals. For most of the year, they live and hunt on Arctic sea ice. Nature has prepared 2. __________________(they) for the cold conditions. But nothing has prepared the bears for the danger 3. __________________threatens their only home.
Polar bears’ world is melting. Studies show that polar ice 4. __________________(reduce) by 9. 8% every 10 years since 1978. Now about 20,000 to 25,000 polar bears live in the Arctic. Polar bears depend 5. __________________sea ice for their 6. __________________(survive). “Sea ice is more than just the platform that the bears walk over,” says Andrew Derocher, 7. __________________scientist who studies North American polar bear populations. “Without it, they can’t exist. ”
8. __________________(melt) and refreezing of polar ice is natural. But in a warmer world, the cycle speeds up, and polar bears have less time 9. __________________
