Unit 5 定语从句 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第三册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 6-5-3
定语从句
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
定语从句
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。
2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。
He has two sisters，who are working in the city.
他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①The weather turned out to be very good，__________________ was more than we could expect.
②Is this the museum __________________ the exhibition was held
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在树下的那个女孩是谁？
He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.
他是一个知识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2. 从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3. 关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可换用that)
昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。
He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)
＝He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他没有给出他上周没参加会议的理由。
4. 从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。
He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。
5. 关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。
I still remember the days we spent together in college. (we前省略了that/which)
我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。
She is not the one (that) she used to be. (that在定语从句中作表语)
她已不再是昔日的她了。
6. 英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？
The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.
那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。
He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Liquid water changes to vapor，__________________ is called evaporation.
②Charles Smith，__________________ was my former teacher，retired last year.
③This is the house __________________ I lived two years ago.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等
句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
[即学即练3]
①Metals have many good properties，__________________ has been stated before.
②Light travels in straight lines，__________________ explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 句型转换
1. That book’s content is very inspiring. Would you like to buy it
Would you like to buy that book __________________
2. She is looking at a picture. It was drawn by a blind girl.
The picture __________________ was drawn by a blind girl.
3. The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago.
The house __________________ he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
4. We settled down in a small village. In front of the village ran a winding river.
We settled down in a small village __________________ ran a winding river.
5. She has three sons. All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons，__________________ are abroad now.
Ⅱ. 单句写作
6. 我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的。
__________________
7. 送我去医院的那个人是我的一个邻居。
__________________
8. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
__________________
9. 我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
__________________
10. 昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。
__________________
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,11. __________________ I breathed its choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12. __________________ is a dream place for tourists 13. __________________ seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14. __________________ are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 15. __________________ fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers 16. __________________ was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17. __________________ are famous in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18. __________________ are in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent,19. __________________ is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20. __________________ live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
能力提升 突破考点
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）The best books are the ones __________________open further as time passes.
2. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things __________________we use every day.
3. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, __________________is about five miles longer than the marathon.
4. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）Here’s a handful of ways __________________will set you in the right direction.
5. （2020全国新高考Ⅰ）Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, __________________will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
6. （2020课标全国Ⅱ）I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） for readers and writers, a bridge __________________helps put together a reader with a book.
7. （2020课标全国Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist __________________paintings were almost lifelike.
8. （2020天津）Dr. Rowan, __________________secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
9. （2020江苏）Many lessons are now available online, __________________which students can choose for free.
10. （2020海南）Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way __________________their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 我们已经进入一个梦想有机会成真的最佳时代。
We have entered into an age ___________________________________________________.
2. 夹克的边缘上有一块布, 可以在黑暗中发光。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth _____________________________________________.
3. 这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。
This is ______________________________________________.
4. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都接受过良好的教育。
Many young people, ________________________________, headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
5. 正如报道的那样, 吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
The number of smokers, __________________, has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
6. 桌面上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。
The books on the desk, __________________, are prizes for us.
幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身优势的人。
Happiness and success often come to those __________________.
8. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周, 届时天气可能会更好。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, __________________.
9. 一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a month __________________.
10. 他在当地一所高中上的学, 后来考上了北京大学。
He was educated at a local high school, __________________.
寻定语从句，解读七选五
When writing the story of your life，don’t let someone else hold the pen. __________________ Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way. You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others，nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours. What success means to each of us is totally different. Success to others may mean being a good parent. Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
__________________ There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life，so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on. The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain，telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace(信奉) new ideas，lessons，and challenges. Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits，relationships，and situations，and finding something new that truly moves you. __________________ You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it. Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know，that’s when you’re learning，growing，and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness. If you live honorably，no matter how old you get，you’ll never lose your beauty. __________________
Spend quality time with people you love. __________________ People don’t live forever. Appreciate what you have，who loves you and who cares for you. You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you. Someday you will either regret not doing so，or you will say，“I’m glad I did. ”
A. Lost time is never found again.
B. Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C. Change your path when you must，but keep moving forward.
D. There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E. For others，it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F. And remember，there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G. Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.Unit 5 定语从句 语法讲义
2024-2025学年人教版高二英语选择性必修第三册
英语24字整体教学 整体掌握 教师版 6-5-3
定语从句
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
基础巩固 透析语法
能力提升 突破考点
定语从句
思维导图 整体掌握
语法精讲 规律探析
限制性定语从句与非限制性定语从句概述
1. 限制性定语从句是先行词不可缺少的一部分，若去掉，主句的内容就不完整，意义也会发生改变。从句和先行词的关系十分密切，从句紧跟先行词，两者之间不可用逗号隔开。
She has found the necklace (that) she lost two weeks ago.
她找到了那条两周前丢失的项链。
2. 非限制性定语从句是对先行词的补充说明。没有它，主句也能独立存在；非限制性定语从句和先行词的关系不是很密切，两者之间用逗号隔开。
He has two sisters，who are working in the city.
他有两个姐姐，她们在城里工作。
[即学即练1] 单句语法填空
①The weather turned out to be very good，which was more than we could expect.
②Is this the museum where the exhibition was held
限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的区别
1. 标点的运用有所不同
限制性定语从句一般紧跟在先行词后，其后不可用逗号分开；而非限制性定语从句也常放在先行词后，但必须用逗号与主句分开。
Who is the girl that is standing under the tree
站在树下的那个女孩是谁？
He is a teacher of much knowledge，from whom much can be learned.
他是一个知识渊博的老师，从他那儿可以学到许多东西。
2. 从句的作用不同
限制性定语从句对先行词起到修饰限制作用，是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，一旦省略，主句的意思就不完整。而非限制性定语从句则是对一个概念清楚的先行词进行附加说明，若将其去掉，主句的意思仍然完整。
The next day，my brother and I went to the beach where we watched some people play volleyball.
第二天，我和弟弟去了海边。在那里，我们看到一些人在打沙滩排球。
Alice received a letter from her former classmate，which came as a surprise.
艾丽斯收到了她以前同学的一封信，这真是件令人惊奇的事情。
3. 关系词的选用不同
限制性定语从句可以用关系代词who，whom，whose，that，which，关系副词when，where，why等引导，而非限制性定语从句不可用that或why来引导(上述引导词除了这两者以外均可用来引导非限制性定语从句)。
Yesterday he bought a new car，which was made in Japan. (which不可换用that)
昨天他买了一辆新车，是日本生产的。
He didn't give the reason，which explained his absence from the meeting held last week. (which不可换用why，因为which在定语从句中作主语，而why只能在定语从句中作状语)
＝He didn't give the reason，for which he was absent from the meeting held last week.
他没有给出他上周没参加会议的理由。
4. 从句所修饰的先行词有所不同
限制性定语从句的先行词通常是名词、代词或词组；而非限制性定语从句的先行词除了名词、代词外，还可以是句子。
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我曾经读过的书中的最好的一本。
He won the first prize in the contest，which was more than we expected.
他在比赛中得了一等奖，这一点真出乎我们预料。
5. 关系词的省略不同
在限制性定语从句中，当关系代词在定语从句中作宾语或表语时，在口语中可以省略，关系副词有时也可省略。而非限制性定语从句中的关系代词或关系副词不可省略。
I still remember the days we spent together in college. (we前省略了that/which)
我仍然记得我们在大学时一起度过的日子。
She is not the one (that) she used to be. (that在定语从句中作表语)
她已不再是昔日的她了。
6. 英译汉时有所不同，译成汉语时，往往把限制性定语从句的内容置于先行词之前；而非限制性定语从句和主句往往翻译成两个分句。
Which is the machine that we used last Sunday
上星期天我们用的那台机器是哪一台？
The concert，which was held last week，was a great success.
那场音乐会是上周举行的，获得了巨大的成功。
He may be late，in which case we ought to wait for him.
他可能迟到，要是那样的话我们就等等他。
[即学即练2] 单句语法填空
①Liquid water changes to vapor，which is called evaporation.
②Charles Smith，who was my former teacher，retired last year.
③This is the house where I lived two years ago.
as和which引导非限制性定语从句的区别
which as
位置上 只能放在先行词的后面 位置灵活，可位于句前、句中，也可置于句后
搭配上 无动词的限制 谓语动词通常是表示感觉或心理活动的动词，如see，hear，know，expect，remember，guess，hope等
句意上 意为“这一点” 表示“正如……，正像……的那样”
The air quality in the city，as is shown in the report，has improved over the past two months.
正如报告所显示的，在过去的两个月里，这个城市的空气质量已有所改善。
After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，which turned out to be a wise decision.
大学毕业后我抽出一部分时间去旅游，事实证明这是一个明智的选择。
[即学即练3]
①Metals have many good properties，as has been stated before.
②Light travels in straight lines，which explains why shadows are formed when it goes past an object.
基础巩固 透析语法
Ⅰ. 句型转换
1. That book’s content is very inspiring. Would you like to buy it
Would you like to buy that book whose content is very inspiring
2. She is looking at a picture. It was drawn by a blind girl.
The picture that/which she is looking at was drawn by a blind girl.
3. The house has been pulled down. He lived in the house 10 years ago.
The house where he lived 10 years ago has been pulled down.
4. We settled down in a small village. In front of the village ran a winding river.
We settled down in a small village in front of which ran a winding river.
5. She has three sons. All of her sons are abroad now.
She has three sons，all of whom are abroad now.
Ⅱ. 单句写作
6. 我昨天打坏的花瓶是很昂贵的。
The vase that/which I broke yesterday was very expensive.
7. 送我去医院的那个人是我的一个邻居。
The man that/who sent me to the hospital was one of my neighbors.
8. 他不能到那里去的原因是他卧病在床。
The reason why he could not go there was that he was ill in bed.
9. 我们生活在许多事情可以在电脑上做的时代。
We are living in an age when many things can be done on computers.
10. 昨天雨下得很大，这阻止了我去公园。
It rained hard yesterday，which prevented/stopped me from going to the park.
Ⅱ. 语法填空
Yangshuo，China
It was raining lightly when I arrived in Yangshuo just before dawn. But I didn’t care. A few hours before，I’d been at home in Hong Kong,11. where I breathed its choking smog. Here，the air was clean and fresh，even with the rain.
I’d skipped nearby Guilin,12. which is a dream place for tourists 13. who/that seek the limestone mountain tops and dark waters of the Li River 14. that/which are pictured by artists in so many Chinese paintings. Instead，I’d headed straight for Yangshuo. For those 15. who fly to Guilin，it’s only an hour away by car and offers all the scenery of the better known city.
Yangshuo is really beautiful. A study of travelers 16. that/which was conducted by the website TripAdvisor names Yangshuo as one of the top 10 destinations 17. that/which are famous in the world. And the town is fast becoming a popular weekend destination for people and their families 18. that/who are in Asia. Abercrombie & Kent,19. which is a travel company in Hong Kong，says it regularly arranges quick getaways here for people 20. who/that live in Shanghai and Hong Kong.
能力提升 突破考点
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）The best books are the ones that open further as time passes.
2. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）We’re thinking about how we can engineer plants to replace functions of the things that/which we use every day.
3. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）The longest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilometer race walk, which is about five miles longer than the marathon.
4. （2020课标全国Ⅰ）Here’s a handful of ways that/which will set you in the right direction.
5. （2020全国新高考Ⅰ）Judges will choose up to 50 honorable mention winners, who will each receive a T-shirt in memory of Earhart’s final flight.
6. （2020课标全国Ⅱ）I see libraries as a safe haven（避风港） for readers and writers, a bridge that/which helps put together a reader with a book.
7. （2020课标全国Ⅲ）In ancient China lived an artist whose paintings were almost lifelike.
8. （2020天津）Dr. Rowan, whose secretary resigned two weeks ago, has had to do all his own typing.
9. （2020江苏）Many lessons are now available online, from which students can choose for free.
10. （2020海南）Amazingly, the trees grow in such a way that/in which their leaves and branches, although close together, never actually touch those of another tree.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 我们已经进入一个梦想有机会成真的最佳时代。
We have entered into an age where dreams have the best chance of coming true .
2. 夹克的边缘上有一块布, 可以在黑暗中发光。
On the edge of the jacket, there is a piece of cloth that gives off light in the dark .
3. 这是我读过的最有趣的书之一。
This is one of the most interesting books that I have ever read .
4. 很多年轻人都去了偏远地区追求自己的梦想, 他们中大部分都接受过良好的教育。
Many young people, most of whom are well-educated , headed for remote regions to chase their dreams.
5. 正如报道的那样, 吸烟的人数仅在一年内就已经减少了百分之十七。
The number of smokers, as is reported , has dropped by 17 percent in just one year.
6. 桌面上那些封面闪闪发亮的书是我们的奖品。
The books on the desk, whose covers are shining , are prizes for us.
幸福和成功经常青睐那些善于发现自身优势的人。
Happiness and success often come to those who are good at recognizing their own strengths .
8. 我们将把在公园的野餐推迟到下周, 届时天气可能会更好。
We will put off the picnic in the park until next week, when the weather may be better .
9. 一个月后我们将会达到年初所定的销售目标。
We’ll reach the sales targets in a month that/which we set at the beginning of the year .
10. 他在当地一所高中上的学, 后来考上了北京大学。
He was educated at a local high school, after which he was admitted to Peking University .
寻定语从句，解读七选五
When writing the story of your life，don’t let someone else hold the pen. 1 Here are some ideas for writing a life story：
Live happily in your own way.You are not in this world to live up to the expectations of others，nor should you feel that others are here to live up to yours.What success means to each of us is totally different.Success to others may mean being a good parent.Success is only about spending your life happily in your own way.
2 There are thousands of possible paths up the mountain of life，so it really doesn’t matter which path you start off on.The only mistake is by wasting time running around at the base of the mountain，telling everyone that your life path is wrong.
Embrace(信奉) new ideas，lessons，and challenges.Sometimes growing up means growing apart from old habits，relationships，and situations，and finding something new that truly moves you. 3 You should look very clearly into the unknown and enjoy it.Because when you come in contact with things that you don’t know，that’s when you’re learning，growing，and truly living.
Live honorably through kindness.If you live honorably，no matter how old you get，you’ll never lose your beauty. 4
Spend quality time with people you love. 5 People don’t live forever.Appreciate what you have，who loves you and who cares for you.You’ll never know how much they mean until the day when they are no longer beside you.Someday you will either regret not doing so，or you will say，“I’m glad I did.”
A．Lost time is never found again.
B．Appreciate the little things in life that mean a lot.
C．Change your path when you must，but keep moving forward.
D．There is nothing more wonderful than seeing life as an adventure.
E．For others，it may mean to simply be happy or it can be all of the above.
F．And remember，there is no better thing than reaching out and holding the hand of someone in need.
G．Make wise choices every day because the way you live each day is a sentence in the story of your life.
[语篇解读]
这是一篇说明文。介绍了在写自己的人生故事的时候的一些见解。
1．答案 G
解析 根据上文“写自己人生篇章的时候，不要把笔交给别人。”下文是写人生篇章的一些见解。所以横线处起到承上启下的作用。故G项“每天都要做出明智的选择，因为你每天的生活方式就是你人生篇章中的一句话”符合题意。
2．答案 C
解析 由本段内容可知，通往人生这座高山有很多路可以走，走哪条并不重要。唯一的错误是我们把时间浪费在在山脚下徘徊，告诉其他人你选择的路是一条错误的路。所以C项“当你必须改变自己所走的路时，你可以改变。但要继续前行”符合题意。
3．答案 D
解析 由上文可知，有时候，成长意味着远离陈旧的习惯、人际关系和环境，去发现一些真正打动你的新东西。下文又提到你应该非常清楚地看到未知的事物并去享受它的乐趣。所以D项“没有什么比把生活看成一场冒险更奇妙的了”符合题意。
4．答案 F
解析 由本段的小标题和空前句可知，F项“记住，没有什么比伸出手来帮助有需要的人更好的了”符合题意。
5．答案 A
