Module 1 Unit 2 Body language讲义沪教牛津版(广州深圳沈阳通用)八年级英语下册

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名称 Module 1 Unit 2 Body language讲义沪教牛津版(广州深圳沈阳通用)八年级英语下册
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更新时间 2025-02-01 22:34:22

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沪教八年级下学期Unit 2课文重难点考点汇总
基础知识定位
单词 language n.语言;communication n.交流;accept v.接受;meaning n.意义;gesture n.手势;message n.消息;bored adj.厌烦的;part-time兼职的;well-dressed adj.衣着入时的;lady n.女士;sign v.叹气;matter n.(询问某人的情况)怎么了;expression n.表情;appearance n.外貌;impression n.印象;towards prep.朝;hold v.使保持(在某位置);later adv.以后;remind v.提醒;使想起;neck n.脖子;cross v.使交叉;nod v.点头;shake v.(与某人)握手;sure adj.确信
短语 body language身势语;take place发生;sit up坐直;make a good impression on...给......留下好印象;remind sb about sth提醒某人某事
口语表达 学习提出、采纳和拒绝建议 讨论一些姿势的含义
写作 写一则短消息
语法 动名词的用法
1.Getting ready
1.He doesn’t understand why people don’t want to talk to him.
why people ...to him是why引导的宾语从句,其中:
why在此作连接副词,意为“为什么”,引导宾语从句时从句要用陈述语序,在宾语从句中作原因状语;why
You must tell us why you are late for school.你必须告诉我们你为什么上学迟到。
从句中用了“don’t want+动词不定式”结构,表示“不想做某事”。
I don’t want to go home now.我现在不想回家。
Reading
1.Where does the story take place?
take place是不及物动词短语,在此意为“发生”,使用时:
它的主语是“事情”,其后不接宾语,没有被动语态结构。
该短语多指事情的发生不是偶然的,而是按意图、计划进行的。
The Gulf War took place in 1991.
用法辨析:happen和take place表示“发生”的异同点:
相同点:二者都以事物作主语,都不可带宾语,没有被动语态结构。
不同点:happen含有偶然发生之意。
This story happened in 2024.这个故事发生在2024年。
They both have part-time jobs at a travel company.
(1)both在此作不定代词,意为“两个”,作主语they的同位语。both作同位语时要置于be动词后,行为动词前。
Lucy and lily are both beautiful and they both like swimming.
露西和莉莉都很漂亮,她们都喜欢游泳。
part-time是由“形容词+连字符+名词”构成的复合形容词,意为“兼职的”,修饰jobs。
This is the main reason for me not to take a part-time job.
这是我不做兼职的主要原因。
重要提示:复合形容词必须用连字符连接,要作前置定语修饰名词,不作表语和补足语。
full-time全职的
知识归纳:both的其它用法
both作代词时可指人和事物,指代复数概念。
1)可作主语、宾语、主语的同位语。作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
There are two pictures on the wall. Both are big.
墙上有两幅画。它们都很大。(both作主语)
I have two computers. I like both.(both作宾语)
我有两台电脑。两台我都喜欢。
2)both与of连用,构成“both of+限定词+复数名词”结构,作主语时谓语要用复数形式(限定词用定冠词the/形容词性物主代词/指示代词these、those)。
Both of the girls like writing. 这两个女孩都喜欢写作。
both of也可直接接复数代词的宾格,作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
Both of us arrive.我们两个都到了。
both作形容词时表示“两个的”,修饰复数名词(名词前既可用上面提到的限定词,也可不用)。
Both my friends are late for school.我的两个朋友都上学迟到了。
Both children are quiet.两个孩子都很安静。
(3)both...and...表示“...和...都”,要连接并列成分。它连接并列成分作主语时,谓语要用复数。
Both my mother and my grandfather enjoy watching TV at night.
我母亲和我外公都喜欢晚上看电视。
3.A well-dressed lady entered the office.
(1)well-dressed是“副词+连字符+过去分词”构成的复合形容词,意为“穿着考究的”。
类似的词语还有:newly-built新建的 hard-won来之不易的
(2)entered在此是及物动词enter的过去式,意为“进入”,相当于came into。
He entered the room quietly just now.
= He came into the room quietly just now.他刚才悄悄进了房间。
词义拓展:enter作及物动词时还可意为“参加;报名参加”。
I run so well.I'm planning to enter some races.我跑步很不错。我正在考虑参加一些比赛。
A lot of girls want to enter the competition Super Girls.
许多女孩都想报名参加“超级女生”的比赛。
and then walked over to Debbie
walked over to Debbie用的是“walked over to sb”短语,表示“向某人走过来”。
walked在此是不及物动词walk的过去式,意为“走”。
over是副词,强调跨越一段距离。
He walks over to us.他向我们走过来。
5.Simon sighed and walked away.
(1)sighed在此是不及物动词sigh的过去式,意为“叹气”。
I sigh deeply and sit back into my chair.
我深深叹气,坐回到我的椅子上。
(2)walked away是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语(walked在此是walk的过去式),意为“走开;离开”。
The two then walk away together. 然后两人一起离开了。
What’s the matter
What’s the matter 表示“(你)怎么啦?”,用法如下:
(1)matter作可数名词,意为“问题”,其前的the不能省略,也不能换成a。
(2)该句型在此询问对方的情况,可与“What’s wrong?”互换。
句型拓展:询问某人的情况时,还可用句型What’s the matter with sb /What’s wrong with sb 表示“某人怎么了?”
What’s the matter(wrong)with you 你怎么了?
My head feels hot.我的头摸起来很烫。
7.People always choose Debbie instead of me
instead of是短语介词,意为“代替;而不是”,要接名词、代词;接动词时动词要变为动名词。
Will you go to the party instead of me 你代我去赴宴,好吗?
I give him advice instead of money. 我给了他忠告而没有给他钱。
He asked me a question instead of answering my question.
他没有回答我的问题,反倒向我提了一个问题。
知识回顾:instead是副词,意为“反而;而不是”,直接放在句首或句末作状语;放在句首时常用逗号隔开。
I didn’t go to the movie last night. Instead, I just stayed at home to watch TV.
昨晚我没有去看电影,而是待在家看电视。
I do.
这是替代手法,do替代上文中的understand。替代用法可避免单词的重复使用。
Do you think he is kind?你觉得他善良吗?
Yes,I do.是的,我觉得。(do替代think)
I don’t get a chance to speak.
句中用了a chance to do sth,表示“做某事的机会”,动词不定式作后置定语,表示同位关系。
I have a chance to talk with him.我有与他交谈的机会。
municating is more than just speaking.
(1)communicating是communicate的动名词形式,作主语,谓语要用第三人称单数形式,因此be动词用了is。
(2)more than just表示“不只是;不仅仅”,常修饰名词、动名词。
To you, she is more than just a friend. 对你来说,她不仅仅是一个朋友。
Being a good listener means more than just listening with ears.
做一个好的听者不仅仅意味着“用耳朵听”。
It’s your gestures and the expression on your face.
on your face是介词短语,作后置定语修饰expression。expression在此作可数名词,意为“表情”。
You have such a worried expression on your face.
你看起来一脸心事重重的样子。
12.Your whole appearance communicates things.
appearance在此意为“外貌;样子;模样”,既可作可数名词,也可作不可数名词。
The car is not bad in appearance. 这辆小车外表看起来还不赖。
He had an outward appearance of calm.他表面上很冷静。
13.You don’t give people a good impression
(1)句中用了“give sb. a good impression”短语,表示“给某人留下一个好印象”,可转换成短语give a good impression to sb/make a good impression on sb。
He makes a good impression on me.
=He gives me a good impression./He gives a good impression to me.
他在我身上留下了好印象。
impression在此作可数名词,意为“印象”,对应的动词是impress:
它作及物动词时意为“给...以深刻印象。
作不及物动词时意为“引人注意”。
They asked me for my impressions of the fair tonight.
他们约请我今晚去谈谈对交易会的印象。
She did not impress me at all.她没给我留下丝毫印象。
He spoke loudly to impress.他大声讲话以引起注意。
考点:考查动词impress对应的名词是impression的用法。
用所给单词的适当形式填空。
Mr. Li’s report gave us a deep______(impress).
解析:分析题干,a deep______作gave的宾语,可判断所填词是名词;由于impress是动词,对应的名词是在其后加ion,gave us a deep impression表示“给我们留下深刻印象”,符合题干结构,因此填impression。
14.You look down, you never smile and you don’t turn your head towards them.
towards在此作介词,意为“朝向”,表示动作的方向。
The thief walks towards a bank.那个小偷径直走向银行。
重要提示:介词to也可表示“朝向”,侧重于到达。
They go to school by bus every day.他们每天乘公共汽车去学校。
She’s holding her head up.
(1)句中时态为现在进行时,由“’s+hold的现在分词”构成(‘s是is的缩写形式),表示此刻动作正在进行。
(2)’s holding her head up使用了“hold sth. up”结构,表示“举起......”,其中:
1)hold作及物动词,意为“使保持”;up作副词,意为“向上”。
2)hold up接名词时名词放在up前后均可;接代词时代词要放在up之前。
He held his head up and saw his teacher.
=He held up his head and saw his teacher.他抬起头看到了他的老师。
This baby is lovely.I want to hold it up.这个婴孩很可爱。我想把他举起来。
16.She always smiles and looks friendly.
looks friendly是“连系动词+形容词”结构,其中:
looks是look的三单形式,在此意为“看起来”。
friendly意为“友好的”,尽管它以ly结尾,但却是形容词。
Those children look friendly.那些孩子看起来很友好。
17.Her body language is making people feel welcome
is making people feel welcome是现在进行时态,所用结构为“make sb(宾语)feel+形容词(宾补)”,表示“使某人感到”,其中:
make在此作使役动词,意为“使得”,接了省略不定式to符号的结构作宾补。
feel在此作连系动词,意为“感到”,接形容词welcome作表语。welcome在此意为“受欢迎的”。
I plan to make him feel welcome.
我打算使他感到受欢迎。
18.so they go to her for help.
go to her for help用的是“go to sb. for help”结构,表示“去找某人帮忙”。
If you don’t understand the questions, go to your teacher for help.
如果你不懂这个问题,去向你的老师求助吧。
19.He sat up straight and tried smiling at people.
(1)straight在此作副词,意为“笔直”,修饰谓语sat up(sat是sit的过去式)。
Go straight on for two miles.向前一直走2英里。
知识拓展:straight作形容词时,意为“直的”。
The streets were straight and narrow.街道又直又窄。
tried smiling at people用的是“try doing”结构,其中:
tried是try的过去式,接动名词结构作宾语,表示“尝试做某事”。
smiling at people是“smile at sb”的动名词结构。smile at是固定短语,表示“对...微笑”。
She smiles at me every time she meets me.她每次见到我都对我微笑。
注意:try也可接不定式作宾语,表示“尽力做某事”,强调努力去做,但不一定成功。
They try to prevent the river from being polluted, but the water is still smelly.
他们尽力在阻止河流被污染,但河水还是有气味。
Minutes later,
later在此作副词,意为“以后;后来”,放在表示“时间”的名词之后构成时间状语,此外,它也可单独使用。
Years later, Tom remained a soldier.
多年以后,汤姆仍旧是个士兵。
She started with singing. Later she became a film actress.
她开头是演唱,后来成了电影演员。
Mr Yang came over at once and said
at once意为“立刻;马上”,同义表达是in a minute/right away/immediately。
Take off your muddy shoes immediately/at once/in a minute!
马上把你那沾满泥的鞋脱下来!
22.“That was my sister,”said Simon.
这是“主谓倒装”结构。当前句是“直接引语”,而且引语后面的主语是名词时,常用主谓倒装结构。
“Will you please carry it for me?”said the old man.“劳驾,帮我搬一下好吗?”老人说。
注意:如果直接引语中的主语是代词,则不用主谓倒装结构。
“Please help me.”he says.“请帮助我。”他说。
23.She wanted to remind me that tomorrow is her birthday.
remind me that tomorrow is her birthday是remind sb+that引导的宾语从句结构。remind在此作及物动词,意为“提醒”。
Please remind me that I must call her up before nine tonight.
请提醒我今晚九点前我必须给她打电话。
知识归纳:remind意为“提醒”时的其它结构如下
(1)remind sb+动词不定式(不定式做宾补,是sb发出的动作)
Remind me to buy some milk tonight.提醒我今晚买一些牛奶。
(2)remind sb of/about+名词/代词/动名词
I will remind him of/about the appointment with you.我会提醒他和你约会。
He reminded me of/about closing all the windows.他提醒我关掉所有窗户。
知识拓展:remind作及物动词时还可意为“使想起”,常用结构如下
remind sb of+名词/代词
You hair and eyes remind me of your mother.你的头发和眼睛使我想起了你母亲。
This song reminds me of the life in the USA.这首歌使我想起了在美国的生活。
remind sb+宾语从句
This reminds me(that)I must write to you.这使我想起我必须给你写信。
语法点睛:动名词(V-ing)是非谓语动词的一种形式,可以作主语、前置定语、表语、宾语。
1.动名词结构作主语
动名词作主语时,是抽象行为,表示已经知道的事实或经验。
单个动名词或短语作主语时,谓语要用单数形式。
Riding a bike makes a man smart. 骑单车能使一个人敏捷。
注意:动名词的否定是在其前加not;当动名词的复合结构作主语时,其逻辑主语要用形容词性物主代词或名词所有格。
Not being punctual makes him unreliable. 不准时使人觉得他不可靠。
Her coming to help encourages all of us.他来帮忙鼓励了我们所有人。
Mary’s being ill makes us upset.玛丽病了,这使我们很着急。
2.动名词结构作表语
动名词作表语时,表示一种概念,习惯或经验,常常说明主语的内容,主语和表语可互换位置。
His hobby is swimming.
=Swimming is his hobby.他的爱好是游泳。
用法辨析:不定式作表语和动名词作表语的区别
不定式作表语时,多表示某次具体的动作,特别是将来的动作。
In summer what he wants to do is to swim.在夏天,他想要做的就是游泳。
3.动名词结构作前置定语
动名词要作前置定语,不能作后置定语,说明被修饰词的用途和功能。
a washing machine=a machine for washing=a machine which/that is used for washing洗衣机
重要提示:不定式结构只作后置定语,不作前置定语
4.某些及物动词或动词短语后只能接动名词作宾语,不能接不定式作宾语。
(1)advise/suggest doing sth表示“建议做某事”。
He suggested/advise going together in one car.他建议大家一起坐一辆小轿车去。
(2)allow doing sth表示“允许做某事”。
We don’t allow eating in the classroom.我们不允许在教室里吃东西。
(3)avoid doing sth表示“避免做某事”。
They all avoid mentioning that name.他们全都避免提到那个名字。
(4)consider doing sth表示“考虑做某事”。
I am considering changing my job.我正考虑换个工作。
(5)delay/put off doing sth表示“推迟做某事”。
The United States has decided to delay/put off withdrawing its troops out of Iraq.
美国决定推迟从伊拉克撤军。
(6)enjoy doing sth表示“喜欢做某事”。
I enjoy dancing.我喜欢跳舞。
(7)finish doing sth表示“完成做某事”。
I have finished doing the housework.我干完了家务。
(8)give up doing sth表示“放弃做某事”。
The police gave up searching for the missing child. 警察放弃了寻找失踪的孩子。
(9)mention doing sth表示“提到做某事”。
Nobody mentioned going there to help her. 没有人提到要去那儿帮助她。
(10)mind doing sth表示“介意做某事”。
I mind cleaning the classroom alone.我介意独自一人打扫教室。
(11)practice/practise doing sth表示“练习做某事”。
(12)stand doing sth表示“忍受做某事”。
I can’t stand eating noodles for lunch.我受不了中午吃面条。
注意:动名词的复合结构作宾语时,其逻辑主语可用人称代词的宾格、形容词性物主代词、名词、名词所有格充当。
mind sb doing sth表示“介意某人做某事”。
Would you mind my/me using your computer?你介意我用一下你的电脑吗?
insist on sb doing sth表示“坚决要求某人做某事”。
The father insists on his son/his son’s going to college.爸爸坚决要求儿子上大学。
5.某些及物动词或动词短语接不定式和动名词的含义差别很大。
forget doing sth表示“忘记做过某事”(事情已做);forget to do sth表示“忘记要做某事”(事情未做)。
I forget giving this letter to him.我忘记已经把这封信给他了。
I am afraid that I will forget to give this letter to him.我害怕我会忘记把这封信交给他。
learn doing表示“学习做某事”;learn to do表示“学会做某事”。
He has learnt skating for two years.他学溜冰两年了。
I have learnt to skate.我学会了溜冰。
(3)like doing sth表示“习惯喜欢做某事”;like to do sth表示“具体一次喜欢做某事”。
I like swimming but today I don’t like to swim.
我喜欢游泳,但今天我不愿游。
注意:love也可用于上述结构,语气比like强烈。
(4)mean doing sth表示“意味着......”(主语通常是事物);meaning to do sth表示“打算做某事”(主语通常是人)。
I mean to get up early.我打算早点起床。
Catching the first bus means getting up early.赶上头班车就意味着要早起。
(5)regret doing sth表示“懊悔做过某事”;regret to do sth表示“懊悔要做某事”。
I regret selling my old house. 我懊悔卖了我的旧房子。
I regret to tell you that you can't pass the examination.我懊悔要通知你你没能通过这次考试。
(6)remember doing sth表示“记住做过某事”(事情已做);remember to do sth表示“记住要做某事”(事情未做)。
I remember cleaning the classroom.我记得打扫了教室。
I remember to clean the classroom.我记得要打扫教室。
(7)stop doing sth表示“停止做某事”(强调停下手中正在做的事);stop to do sth表示“停下来做某事”(强调停下手中正做的事去做另外一件事)。
Stop playing football. It’s time for class.别踢足球了。该上课了。
As soon as they saw the teacher coming,they stopped to do their homework.
他们一看见老师就停下来开始做功课了。
(8)go on/continue doing sth表示“做一件事中断后再继续做这件事”;go on/continue to do sth表示“做完一件再继续做别的事”。
They go on/continue talking about the education.他们继续讨论教育问题。
They go on/continue to talk about the education.他们接下去就谈教育问题了。
4.介词后接动词时动词要变为动名词。
Thank you for helping me.谢谢你帮助我。
Let’s get down to doing our work.我们开始工作吧。
5.某些动词接不定式和动名词的含义相同,常可互换使用。
start/begin+不定式/动名词表示“开始做某事”。
I start/begin doing the dishes.
=I start/begin to do the dishes.我开始洗碗。
(2)intend+不定式/动名词表示“打算/准备做某事”。
I intended to get him back.
=I intended getting him back.我打算把他要回来。
When do you intend leaving on this trip?
=When do you intend to leave on this trip.你准备什么时间去旅行?
用法辨析:现在分词和动名词的异同点
相同点:都是V-ing形式,否定形式都是在它们之前加not。
不同点:
现在分词不能作主语,动名词可以作主语。
现在分词作表语时表示主语的性质或状态,主语和表语不能换位置;动名词作表语表示概念、习惯或经验,主语和表语可以互换位置。
The news is exciting.这则新闻令人激动。(exciting是现在分词)
Your task is cleaning the windows.你的任务是擦这些窗户。(cleaning是动名词)
现在分词可以作前置定语和后置定语;动名词只能作前置定语。
That is a really exciting experience.
那是非常令人激动的经历。(exciting是现在分词,作前置定语)
The girl sitting over there is my sister.
坐在那边的女孩是我妹妹。(sitting over there是现在分词短语作后置定语)
sleeping pills安眠药(sleeping是动名词)
现在分词可作状语,动名词不作状语。
Not doing it well enough,I decide to try it again.
由于我做得不好,所以我决定再试一次。(Not doing it well enough是现在分词的否定形式作原因状语,是“I”发出的动作)
现在分词可作宾语补足语和主语补足语,动名词不作补足语。
The boy is found very annoying by us.
我们发现这个男孩非常令人讨厌。(annoying是现在分词作主语补足语,描述the boy的状态)
We find a snake(宾语)lying on the floor(宾补).
我们发现一条蛇躺在地上。
Speaking
口语表达归纳:
提出建议的表达方式
(1)Why not+动词原形+其它?/Why don’t you+动词原形+其它?表示“你为什么不...呢?”。
(2)What about doing sth表示“做......怎么样?”(what可与how互换)
(3)You’d better+动词原形+其它表示“你最好......”(‘d是had的缩写)
二.采纳的建议的表达方式
That’s a good idea./Good idea.这是个好主意。
拒绝建议的表达方式
I don’t feel like it.我不想要。
四.口语分析:
在提出建议时需要询问对方的情况,可用句型“What’s the matter(with you)?或What’s wrong with you?
了解对方的情况后可用上述表达建议的句子。
对方根据自身情况用表示接纳或拒绝的句子。
不管采纳与否,都应说“谢谢”显得有礼貌;对方回以“不客气”作为收场。
五.口语示例(以“给朋友买一份生日礼物为话题”,选择接纳模式)
A:What’s the matter?你怎么了?
B:I am thinking about buying a birthday present for my friend.我正在考虑为我的朋友买一件生日礼物。
A:Why not/Why don’t you buy a beautiful pen?为什么不买一支漂亮的钢笔呢?
B:I gave a pen to him last year.我去年送了一支钢笔给他。
A:What/How about a pair of gloves?It is comfortable to wear gloves in winter.一双手套怎么样?冬天戴手套很舒服。
B:That’s a good idea./Good idea.Thanks a lot.好主意。非常感谢你。
A:You’re welcome.不客气。
小贴士:如果选择拒接对方的建议,可把“That’s a good idea./Good idea.Thanks a lot.”改为“I don’t feel like it because he don’t like wearing gloves.But Thank you all the same.(我不想要,因为他不喜欢带手套。可还是谢谢你。
Writing部分
写作技能提升:参见P28 B部分的笔记写一则短消息(通知看芭蕾舞剧的见面时间、地点以及注意事项)
短文要包括六个内容
右上角写日期。
下一行写问候语(提到收消息人的名字)。
正文包括两段。
第一段点明写短消息的目的。
第二段简要介绍消息
(4)左下角写结束语(课文已给出)
左下角写出你的名字
小贴士:(1)、(2)、(5)条结合自身情况而定
写作技巧
正文用第一、二人称,时态用一般现在时和一般将来时
尽量使用本单元中的词语
句型及运用方法
正文第一段:
This is to remind you about the ballet at 2:30 p.m. on Sunday.这是为了提醒你记得周日下午2:30的芭蕾舞剧。
运用1:this指短消息,可用this message替代;remind sb about sth可与remind sb of sth互换,因此这句话的同义表达是This message is to remind you of the ballet at 2:30 p.m. on Sunday.
运用2:由于这段是写短信息的目的,因此也可用“to+动词原形/in order to+动词原形”改写句子:
I write this message to remind you about(of)the ballet at 2:30 p.m. on Sunday.
=I write this message in order to remind you about(of)the ballet at 2:30 p.m. on Sunday.
我写这则消息是为了提醒你记得周日下午2:30的芭蕾舞剧。
正文第二段:
I’ll meet you at the main gate of City Theatre.我将在城市剧院的正门见你。
运用2:meet也可换成wait for(等待)
Don’t forget to bring the ticket.别忘记带上票。
运用3:这句话也可用remember+动词不定式表达,即Remember to bring the ticket.记得要带上票。
写作范文
20 Dec.
Hi Lucy,
This is to remind you about the ballet at 2:30 p.m. on Sunday.
I’ll meet you at the main gate of City Theatre.Don’t forget to bring the ticket.
See you there!
Mary
More Practice
1.Eye contact means looking into another person’s eyes.
(1)eye contact表示“目光接触”。contact在此作不可数名词,意为“接触”。
Frequent eye contact is regarded as honesty and forthrightness.
频繁的目光接触被视作诚实与直率。
知识拓展:contact的其它用法
作不可数名词,意为“联系”,构成keep in contact短语,表示“保持联系”。
We do keep in contact.我们确实保持着联系。
2)作形容词,意为“(信息、电话号码等)供联络的”。
You should leave your full name and contact details when you phone.
你打电话时应该留下全名与联络信息。
3)作及物动词,意为“联系”。
You can use other ways to contact me.
你可以用其它方式联系我。
means looking into another person’s eyes用的是“mean doing”结构,表示“意味着...”:
I turned towards him, but I don’t have the courage to look into his eyes.
我转向他,但我没有勇气直视他的眼睛。
It can be the key to communication.
(1)这是情态动词can的肯定句,句型为“主语+can be+其它”。can在此表示“理论上的可能性”,即事情或情况可能发生,可翻译为“......会......”。
My sister can be really annoying sometimes.我妹妹有时会很令人恼火。
key to是固定搭配,原意为“......的钥匙”,在此引申为“……的关键”。
This is the key to the lock.这是这把锁的钥匙。
Eye contact can show feelings such as friendliness,interest and understanding.
(1)such as friendliness,interest and understanding是such as引导的短语介词,修饰feelings。其中:
1)such as在此意为“比如”,可与名词、代词、动名词构成短语,用于举例。
2)such as引导的短语用于举例时要放在句中和句末,不放在句首。
3)such引导的短语用于举出部分例子,而非全部,此时可与介词like互换。
I like some fruits like/such as apple and pear.我喜欢一些水果,比如苹果和梨子。
At the party, you can do lots of things, like/such as eating, drinking, chatting and singing.
在聚会上,你可以做许多事情,比如吃、喝、聊天和唱歌。
friendliness是形容词friendly的名词形式,在此意为“友好”。
ness是名词后缀,常放在某些形容词后将其变为抽象名词。
由于friendly是以y结尾的形容词,接ness时要把y改i,再加ness。
American friendliness is not always an offer of true friendship.
美国人的友好并不总是真正友情的表示。
4.Westerners may think that you are not listening
句中用了“may+动词原形”结构,表示“也许......”,用于对现在的情况作肯定猜测,暗含的可能性很低。may表示“推测”时:
(1)主语通常是表示第三人称的词汇。
(2)它可用于肯定句和否定句,不用于疑问句。
(3)表示对过去的动作作肯定推测,用“may have+动词过去分词”;对现在或将来的情况作肯定推测,用“may+动词原形”;对现在的动作进行肯定推测,用“may be+动词的现在分词”。
He seems know the city quite well. He may have been there before.
他似乎对那个城市很熟悉。他以前可能去过那里。
You may have a fever.你也许发烧了。
My uncle may be cooking now.我舅舅现在可能正在做饭。
重要提示:might表推测时和may的用法相同,都表示“可能......”,暗含的可能性最低。
He might help me this afternoon.他今天下午也许会帮助我。
And if you look away,they may also think that you are lying.
lying在此是不及物动词lie的现在分词,表示“撒谎”。
知识归纳:lie表示不同意思时,其现在分词、过去式,过去分词形式不同
撒谎 lie - lied - lied - lying
躺 lie - lay - lain - lying
放;产卵 lay - laid - laid - laying
The roster lied that the egg lying on the table was laid by him. 公鸡撒谎说桌子上躺着的那个鸡蛋是他生的。
6.However,in many Asian countries,looking down when talking with an older person,like a teacher or a parent,is polite.
这句话被4个逗号分隔成了5个部分。
however在此作副词,意为“然而”,放在句首要用逗号将其与后面内容隔开。它和前句之间是转折关系。
It is raining heavily. However, they are still working in the fields.
雨下得很大。然而他们仍在地里干活。
in many Asian countries是介词短语作地点状语。
looking down when talking with an older person是动名词结构,在此作主语,因此谓语用的是单数形式is。其中:
looking down是不及物动词短语look down的动名词,表示“朝下看”。
I felt dizzy when I looked down from the top of the television tower.
当我从电视塔顶往下看时,我感到头晕目眩。
2)when talking with an older person是when引导时间状语从句的省略结构,when后在此省略了you are。when引导时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有be动词时,可用这种省略结构。
Turn off the lights when(you are)leaving the classroom.离开教室时关灯。
结构拓展:when后还可接形容词/名词/介词短语/过去分词构成省略结构。
She often cries when lonely.她寂寞时总是哭泣。
When a youth, she gained a prize in the poetic contest.年轻时她获得了诗歌竞赛中的一个奖项。
When in hiding, he never gave up his dreams.躲躲藏藏的日子里,他从未放弃过自己的梦想。
He gave good advice when asked.被问到时,他提出了很好的建议。(asked是ask的过去分词)
知识拓展:while引导时间状语从句时也可引导省略结构。
1)它可接名词、形容词、介词短语、现在分词构成省略结构,但不能接过去分词构成省略结构。
2)while构成省略结构时常可与when引导的省略结构互换。
His finger trembled while/when doing so.这样做时,他的手指颤抖着。
(4)like a teacher or a parent是like引导的介词短语,表示“比如......”,作后置定语修饰an old person。由于该介词短语之前的主语looking ...... person很长,因此用逗号将其与前后内容隔开使得表达层次更清晰。
重要提示:like意为“比如”时,如果与动词一起构成介词短语,动词要变为动名词形式。
I have some hobbies,like collecting stamps.
我有一些爱好,比如收集邮票。
polite是形容词,意为“礼貌的”,反义词是impolite/rude,意为“不礼貌的”。
It is not impolite to jump the queue.
=It is impolite to jump the queue.插队是不礼貌的。
These differences can cause problems.
cause在此作及物动词,意为“导致”,常接表示“负面意义”的名词作宾语。
The resignation of the prime minister will cause much confusion.
首相的辞职将引起很大混乱。
Lead is a chemical which causes cancer.
铅是一种化学物质,导致癌症。
知识拓展:cause还可作可数名词,意为“原因”,用于解释某事发生的原因。
The cause of the accident was the fact that he was driving too fast.事故的原因是他开车太快。
8.The Western speaker might think this person is not interested in what he or she is saying.
该句含有两个宾语从句。
this......is saying是省略连词that的宾语从句。此时表达不规范,因为当that引导宾语从句时,如果宾语从句太长或宾语从句的主语含有this时,连词that不省略。
该宾语从句中用了be+not+interested in短语,表示“对......不感兴趣”,in后可接名词、代词、动名词、名词性从句作宾语;该结构的主语通常是人。
He isn’t interested in doing flashes.他对做动漫不感兴趣。
what he or she is saying是what引导的宾语从句,作介词in的宾语。
what在此作连接代词,意为“什么”,作is saying的宾语。
what引导宾语从句时从句要用陈述语序。
I wonder what I can do for you.
我想知道我能为你做什么。(what作宾语)
知识归纳:what引导宾语从句的用法
what意为“什么;什么样的”,在宾语从句中用于询问事物,还可作主语、表语、定语等成分;作主语时谓语要用单数形式。
what引导宾语从句时不体现选择的范围。
I know what makes him so happy.
我知道什么让他这么开心。(what作主语)
I don’t know what he is.
我不知道他是做什么的。(what作表语)
I know what color it is.
我知道这是什么颜色。(what作定语)
Not using eye contact can cause problems, but using too much is not polite either.
(1)这是“Not+句子+but+句子”结构,表示“不是......而是......”。but在此作连词,除了可以连接句子,还可连接单词或短语。
In some countries, nodding head doesn’t mean 'yes' but 'no'.
在有些国家,点头不表示“同意”,而是表示“不同意”。
They didn't forget to do their homework, but they didn't want to.
他们不是忘了做作业,而是他们不想做。
在but后面的句子中:
using too much在此是省略表达,完整表达是using too much eye contact。省略可避免与前句中的eye contact重复。
either是副词,意为“也”,要置于否定句的句末。
I can’t swim.He can’t swim either.我不会游泳。他也不会。
10.watching other people, especially strangers, for a long time is impolite.
especially是副词,在此意为“尤其;尤其是”,可接名词、介词短语、状语从句,起强调作用。
This street is too crowd especially on Mondays.这条街很拥挤,尤其是在周一。
We want to invite some friends especially Peter.我们想邀请几个朋友,尤其是彼得。
I hate interruptions, especially when I work.我讨厌别人打扰,尤其是我工作时。
Cultural corner
people often shake hands when they meet.
shake hands是固定短语,表示“握手”。使用时:
(1)hands前不用定冠词、形容词性物主代词作修饰语。
(2)由于两个人握手时,至少是两只手握在一起,所以hand要用复数形式。
(3)表示“与...握手”,用shake hands with sb表示。
My pet dog can shake hands with people.
我的宠物狗能够和人握手。
考点聚焦
1.考点:考查why引导宾语从句时从句要用陈述语序的用法。
—Could you tell me ________ yesterday
—Because my bike was broken on my way here.
A. why you came late B. why do you come late C. why you come late D. why did you come late
解析:由于why引导宾语从句时从句要用陈述语序,空后有yesterday,可判断从句要用一般过去时,因此选A。
2.考点:考查both表“两者都”,作代词时指代两个人或事物;表“两个的”,要修饰复数
(1)My hometown is becoming more and more beautiful with trees and flowers on _____ sides
of the road.
A.all B.both C.neither D.either
解析:题干意为“有了道路____的树和花我的家乡变得越来越美丽。”根据句意,可判断所填词具有肯定含义;由于所填词修饰复数名词sides,而且一条道路有两边,对比选项,both作形容词表“两个都”,满足这三个条件,因此选B。
干扰项分析:all表“三者及以上都”,neither表“两者都不”,either表“两者中的任一的”(修饰单数名词),不符合题干结构,故排除ACD。
(2)Jiefangbei is not far from Chaotianmen. You can easily visit _____ in a day.
A.each B.none C.both D.neither
解析:题干意为“解放碑和朝天门不远。你可以在一天内轻松地参观____。”分析题干和选项,由于所填词指代“解放碑”和“朝天门”,对比选项,both指代两者,因此选C。
干扰项分析:each作代词表“每个”,指代单数名词,none表“三者及以上都不”,neither表“两者都不”,不符合题意,故排除ABD。
3.考点:考查both...and...引导的并列结构作主语时谓语要用复数的用法。
— Both Li Lei and Han Meimei_____fond of the TV program A Bite of China.
— I am also deeply moved by its stories!
A. is B. am C. was D. Are
解析:由于both...and...引导的并列结构在此作主语,谓语要用复数形式,因此选D。
4.考点:考查instead of表“代替;而不是”,接动词时动词要变为动名词形式的用法。
(1)Why not order some flowers online_____for the shop everywhere
A. instead of looking B. instead looking C. instead of look D. instead look
解析:题干意为“为什么不在网上订一些花_____而到处找花店呢?”由于instead不能直接接其它词,instead of接动词时动词要变为动名词,对比选项,可知选A。
(2)根据汉语提示完成句子试题。
我更愿意呆在家里看电视,而不是跟朋友在外面闲逛。
_____ ____hanging out with friends,I prefer to watch TV at home.
解析:本题考查“而不是”的英语表达方式。由于所填词是短语,且置于句首,其后接了动名词短语hanging out with friends,instead of表示“而不是”,符合题干结构,因此填Instead of。
5.考点:考查remind sb of...是固定搭配,表“使...想起...;提醒...”的用法。
This photo reminded the old man___the days when he was young.
with B.for C.by D.of
解析:由于remind sb of...是固定搭配,因此选D。
6.考点:考查单个动名词或短语作主语时,谓语要用单数形式的用法。
Doing exercise______good for your health.
A.be B.am C.is D.are
解析:由于单个动名词短语作主语时谓语要用单数形式,要用is,因此选C。
7.考点:考查avoid表“避免”,consider表“考虑”,enjoy表“喜欢”,finish表“完成”,mind表“介意”,practice表“练习”,give up表“放弃”,接动词时动词要变为V-ing。
(1)My old neighbor Charles enjoys______photos.He always goes out with his camera.
A.take B.to take C.took D.taking
解析:由于enjoy表“喜欢”,接动词作宾语时只能用动词ing形式,故选D。
(2)—China is getting better and better at making high technology products.
—That’s right. People around the world can hardly avoid________ products made in China.
not buying B. not to buy C. to buy D. buying
解析:题干意为“—中国正在制造高科技产品方面变得越来越好。—没错。全世界的人无法避免____中国制造的产品。”分析题干和选项,由于avoid要接动名词作宾语,不接不定式作宾语;根据句意,可判断avoid后要用动名词的肯定形式“无法避免购买中国的产品”,因此选D。
(3)For our coming vacation, why _____ going abroad and seeing the outside world
A.not consider B.to consider C.don’t think D.not think
解析:由于why not+动词原形是固定搭配;又由于consider可接动名词作宾语,think无此用法,因此选A。
(4)-It’ s too cold today. Would you mind _____ the window
-Certainly not. Go ahead.
A.to close B.closing C.close D.closed
解析:由于mind接动词时动词必须变为动名词,因此选B。
(5)She studies hard all the time; she never gives up____.
A.study B. to study C. studying D. to studying
解析:由于give up接动词时动词要变为动名词形式,因此选C。
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Students in our class have finished ______ (read) the article.
解析:由于finish接动词作宾语时动词要变为动名词形式,因此填reading。
8.考点:考查forget doing表“忘记做某事”,forget to do表“忘记要做某事”;rememberdoing表“记得做过某事”,remember to do表“记得要做某事”;regret doing表“懊悔做过某事,regret to do表“懊悔要做某事”;stop doing表“停止做某事”,stop to do表“停下来做某事”的用法区别。
(1)—Mary dances best in our school.
—I agree. I’ll never forget____her dance for the first time.
A. seeing B. to see C. see D. seen
解析:题干意为“—在我们学校玛丽舞蹈跳得最好。—我同意。我将永远不会忘记第一次_____她跳舞的情景。”根据“第一次”所提示的语境,可判断forget后的动作已完成,要用forget doing sth,因此选A。
干扰项分析:forget后不能接动词原形和过去分词;forget+不定式表“忘记要去看”,和题干语义矛盾,故排除BCD。
(2)Please remember ________ the letter for me.
A. posting B. post C. posted D. to post
解析:题干意为“请记得为我_____一封信。”由于remember doing表动作已经完成,remember to do表动作还未做,根据句意可知本题应该选to post,因此选D。
干扰项分析:remember doing表“记得做过某事”,和题干意思矛盾;remember后不接过去式、过去分词、动词原形作宾语,故排除ABC。
(3)We are too tired. Let’s stop _____ a rest.
A.to have B.have C.having
解析:题干意为“我们太累了。我们停_____休息。”根据句意,可判断这里指停下来休息,要用stop to do,因此选A。
(4)—Did you talk back to your mother when you were a child
—Yes. But now I realize I was wrong. I really regret ___________that silly thing to my
mum.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
解析:题干意为“—你是孩子时和妈妈顶过嘴吗?—是的。但是现在我意识到我是错的。我确实后悔对我妈妈_____那件愚蠢的事情。”根据句意,可判读“我”后悔自己和妈妈顶嘴过。表示“懊悔要做某事”要用regret doing sth,因此选C。
9.考点:考查may+动词原形表“可能做某事”,用于对现在或将来的情况进行推测,暗含的可能性很低的用法。
—Do you have any plans for this Sunday
—I’m not sure. I ______ go to the countryside to see my grandmother.
A. can  B. must   C. may   D. need
解析:题干意为“—这周六你有一些计划吗?—我不确定。我_____去乡下看我奶奶。”根据“我不确定”所提示的语境,可判断所填词用于推测可能性,但暗含的可能性很低,可知选C。
10.考点:考查might+动词原形表“可能做某事”,用于对现在或将来的情况进行推测,暗含的可能性最低的用法。
—Where did you put your schoolbag
—I can’t remember . I attended a concert yesterday so it ___ still be in the music hall.
A.can’t B.need C. might D.must
解析:题干意为“—你把你的书包放在哪里了?—我记不得了。我昨天参加了音乐会,所以它____仍然在那个音乐厅里。”根据句意和选项,可判断空所在句是在推测可能性,而且可能性不高,因此选C。
干扰项分析:can’t对现在的情况作否定猜测,表示“不可能”,need不用于表示推测,must表示肯定推测,表示“一定”,语气最强,不符合题干语义,故排除ABD。
11.考点:考查while接动词构成省略结构时,动词要变为现在分词形式的用法。
用所给动词的正确形式填空。
Many people like to add some sugar while____(drink) black tea.
解析:题干意为“很多人在喝黑茶的时候喜欢加一些糖。”由于while接动词构成省略结构时,动词要变为对应的现在分词,因此填drinking。
12.考点:考查like表“比如”,与动词连用构成介词短语时动词要变为动名词的用法。
Getting angry is not a natural way to act.It is just a habit,like_____.
to smoke B.smokes C.smoking
解析:like_____作后置定语修饰a habit,用于举例。like在此作介词,表“比如”,接动词时动词要变为动名词形式,对比选项,可知选C。
13.考点:考查连接代词引导宾语从句时从句必须用陈述语序的用法。
Could you tell me ______
A. what is your job B. what your job is C. your job is what
解析:由于what是连接代词,引导宾语从句时从句要用木棍陈述语序,因此选B。
14.考点:考查especially表“尤其是”,可接名词、介词短语、状语从句,起强调作用的用法。
On March 8th, Flight MH 370 went missing. The news brought great sadness to us,_____the families of the passengers.
A. even B. only C. also D. especially
解析:题干意为“3月8日,MH370失踪了。这则新闻带给了我们很大的伤痛,_____是乘客家属。”分析题干和选项,“the families of the passengers”是对“us”的列举,起强调作用,应用表示“尤其是”的especially,因此选D。
课文考点跟踪训练
I.根据首字母及句意完成单词
1.—What’s the m____ with you
—I feel tired.
It is necessary for us to understand body l_____.
The e________ on your face shows you are happy.
That old l____is my grandmother.
The bike is not bad in a_____. I will buy it.
II.用所给单词的正确形式填空
Linda makes a good______on me.(impress)
Both Lucy and Lily____able to speak English now.(be)
Some people like adding some sugar while____(drink) black coffee.
I don’t like shaking_____with strangers.(hand)
III.单项选择
1.Climbing hills _________of great help to our health.
A.was B.were C.is D.are
2.Most of the young people enjoy ______ Jay Chou's songs.
A.sing B.sang C.singing D.to sing
3.Just before the Chinese class, I suddenly realized that I forgot _______ my Chinese text book.
A. bring B. bringing C. and bring D. to bring
4.I have given him some suggestions, but I don’t know if he will_____ them.
A. remind B. accept C. turn D. look
5.Why not_____your friends for help when you are in trouble.
A. ask B. to ask C. asks D. asking
6.—What is your mother going to do this Saturday
—I am not sure.She_____go to see my grandparents
A.can B.must C.might D.need
7.He often listens to songs when _______.
A. drive B. drives C. driving D. drove
8.—As we know it is difficult to live in a foreign country.
—_______ if you can’t understand the language there.
A. Exactly B. Naturally C. Usually D. Especially
9.Would you mind _____ basketball here
A. playing B. to play C. play D.plays
10.Sam and Henry play basketball very well. We hope _____ of them can join our
team.
A. all B. both C. every D. some
IV.根据汉语提示完成句子(每空一词)
这条短消息能够提醒你关掉所有的窗户。
This short____can____you of closing all the windows.
2.我的家乡发生了很大的变化。
Great changes have____ ____in my hometown.
贝蒂找到了一份兼职工作。
Betty finds a_____ ____.
4.办公室里有一个衣着入时的妇女。
There is a_______woman in the office.
你所作的事情使我感到紧张。
What you do makes____ ____ _____.
参考答案:
I部分1.matter 2.language 3.expression 4.lady 5.appearance
II部分 1.impression 2.are 3.drinking 4.hands
III部分:CCDBA CCDAB
IV.
1.message;remind
2.taken place
3.part-time job
4.well-dressed
5.me feel nervous