沪教8下Unit 3课文重难点考点解析
基础知识汇总
单词 description n.说明;describe v.描述;fisherman n.渔民;net n.网;although conj.虽然;fit adj.健康的;dive v.下潜;ready adj.准备好;reach v.到达;attract v.吸引;hang v.悬挂;post n.柱;require v.需要;practise v.从事;tool n.用具;scissors n.剪刀;pattern n.图案;character n.文字;人物;health n.健康;luck n.幸运;size n.大小;simple adj.简单的;lovely adj.迷人的
短语 paper cutting剪纸;up to到达(某数量;程度等);set off出发;up and down起伏;after dark天黑后;no more不再;all the time(在某段时间内)一直
口语表达 学习如何描述别人 描述剪纸的传统技巧
语法 一般现在时、一般过去时、一般将来时的被动语态
写作 写一篇短文,描述一个拥有传统技艺的人
Getting ready
Learn to a description of a picture.
description是可数名词,意为“描述”,对应的动词是describe,其后可接表示“人;事物;事情”的词作宾语。
This description teaches others how to find the problem.
这个描述指导其他人如何找到问题。
She describes the accident very carefully.
她非常仔细地描述了事故。
2.There are lots of fish here
fish在此作可数名词,意为“鱼”,是单复数同行的名词。
a fish 一条鱼 two fish 两条鱼
知识拓展:fish作不可数名词时意为“鱼肉”;指鱼的种类时有复数形式fishes。
I ate some fish just now.我刚才吃了一些鱼肉。
There are different kinds of fishes here.这里有不同种类的鱼。
3.so we’ll know where to come next time!
where to come next time是“疑问词+动词不定式”结构,作’ll know的宾语。where意为“哪里”,在该结构中作地点状语。
I know where to park the car.我知道在哪里停车。
Reading
Wang Damin is a fisherman.
fisherman是可数名词,意为“渔民”,复数形式是fishermen。
There are some fishermen over there.那边有一些渔民。
2.Although he is over 65, he is very fit and still enjoys working.
Although he is over 65是although引导的让步状语从句,置于主句he......working前,用逗号将它们隔开。although意为“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时还可放在主句后,不用逗号将它们隔开。
They are generous although they are poor.他们很大方,尽管他们穷。
重要提示:中文的习惯用法是“尽管...但是...”;但英语中although和but不能同时出现,二者只能选其中之一。
Although he is still young, he has been world-famous.
=He is still young,but he has been world famous.尽管还很年轻,但他已经世界闻名。
(2)over在此表示“超过”,应放在基数词之后。
My grandmother is over 80 years old.我外婆80多岁了。
(3)fit在此是形容词,意为“健康的”,相当于healthy。
Some girls are going to exercise more to keep fit/healthy. 一些女孩们打算多锻炼以保持健康。
Damin uses cormorants to catch fish.
该句用了“use sth to do sth”结构,表示“使用某物做某事”。cormorants是可数名词cormorant的复数形式,意为“鸬鹚”。不定式短语to catch fish作目的状语。use sth to do sth可与use sth for doing sth互换(for引导的动名词结构表示目的)。
I use this knife to cut up all the apples.
=I use this knife for cutting up all the apples.
我用这把刀削所有的苹果。
知识拓展:use sth to do sth的被动语态结构是be used to do sth,表示“被用来做某事”。
This knife is used to cut up all the apples by me.这把刀被我用来削所有的苹果。
Cormorants are large black birds.
large是描述“大小”的形容词,必须放在描述颜色的形容词之前。
重要提示:限定词、数词和形容词共同修饰名词时所遵循的规律是:限定词(冠词、指示代词、人称代词所有格、名词所有格)+数词+描绘性形容词+大小+形状+新旧年龄+颜色+国籍(产地)+材料(用途)
a nice long new black British plastic pen一支漂亮的长的新的黑色的英国塑料钢笔
three red books三本红色的书
the second new book第二本新书
4.They can dive down and stay under the water for up to two minutes.
(1)dive down是“不及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“潜下去”,其后不能直接接宾语。
Put on that wetsuit and dive down into the coral reef.
穿上潜水服,潜到珊瑚礁里去吧。
(2)for up to two minutes是for引导的介词短语作时间状语。for在此意为“长达...之久”,引导延续性时间状语,在肯定句中谓语常要用延续性动词或be动词。
I stay here for three hours.我在这里呆3小时。
重要提示:在以下两种情况中,短暂性动词在肯定句中也可与for+时间段连用。
表示去向的短暂性动词,诸如go, come, start, leave 等,可与for+时间段连用。此时for短语表示该动词动作完成后再做某事所需要的时间。
Alice has left for Paris for three months .
= Alice has left for Paris , intending to stay there for three months.
爱丽丝出发去了巴黎,打算在那里呆3个月。
短暂性动词后有非谓语动词时,可与表示“for+时间段”连用,时间状语所修饰的不是句中的谓语动词,而是非谓语动词。
He began to read English for over an hour.
他开始读英语一个多小时了。( for over an hour 修饰 to read.)
(3)up to是固定短语,在此意为“达到(某数量)”。
China’ s population is up to 1.3 billion.中国的人口达到了13亿。
知识拓展:up to和be动词连用还可意为“忙于;取决于;胜任”。
I see what you are up to.我知道你在动什么歪脑筋了。
She is not up to the job.她不胜任那个工作。
It’s up to us to give him all our support.我们应该全力支持他。
5.Damin usually sets off in the late afternoon and gets the cormorants ready for work.
(1)sets off在此是不及物动词短语(sets是set的三单形式),意为“出发”。表示“出发前往某地”,用“set off for+地点”结构。
I set off for Beijing.我出发前往北京。
gets the cormorants ready用的是gets sth. ready for sth结构(gets是get的三单形式),表示“为......准备好......”。
Let’s get ready everything for the class meeting.
让我们为班会准备好一切吧。
First,he ties a piece of grass around their necks to stop them from eating big fish.
ties a piece of grass around their necks用的是“ties sth around sth”结构,表示“围着...系...”:
ties是及物动词tie的三单形式,意为“系”。
around是介词,意为“在...周围”,可与round互换,引导的介词短语作地点状语。
I tie a rope around/round these trees.我围着这些树系绳子。
to stop them from eating big fish是动词不定式短语作目的状语。
stop them from eating big fish用的是stop...from+动名词结构,表示“阻止...以免做某事”。from是介词,此时可以省略。
Don’t stop me (from) telling the truth.别阻止我说出真相。
7.Then when Damin’ s boat reaches the right place in the river
reach在此作及物动词,意为“到达”,要接地点名词作宾语。
I reached Guangzhou yesterday.我昨天到达广州。
Damin uses several ways to attract fish.
attract在此作及物动词,意为“吸引”,常指引起人或动物的兴趣或注意。
The display of lights attracts us.灯展吸引了我们。
Flowers attract many bees.鲜花招引来许多蜜蜂。
知识拓展:attract对应的名词是attraction,意为“吸引力”,是可数名词。对应的形容词是attractive,意为“有吸引力的”。
Coral reefs are big tourist attractions.珊瑚礁是极富吸引力的旅游景点。
Attractive label is very necessary.具有吸引力的标签非常必要。
9.he jumps up and down on his boat
up and down是副词短语,意为“上上下下”,修饰谓语jumps。
He looks at the girl up and down.他上下打量着这个姑娘。
10.he hangs a light on a post at the front of the boat
(1)hangs是hang的三单形式,在此作及物动词,意为“悬挂”。
Someone hangs three lights there.有人在那里挂了三盏灯。
on a post at the front of the boat是两个介词短语。其中:
on a post作地点状语。on表示“在...上”。
2)at the front of the boat是at the front of引导的介词短语,作后置定语修饰post。at the front of表示“在...前面”,指在某范围以内,侧重表示在前面的某一点。
There is a man boating at the front of the boat.船的前部有一个人在划船。
The fish are then taken and thrown into a big basket by Damin.
这是一般现在时的被动语态结构,由“are+动词的过去分词构成+by引导的介词短语”构成,表示“......被......”,其中:
taken是及物动词take的过去分词;thrown是及物动词throw的过去分词。
by Damin说明“take”和“throw”是大民做的动作。
These trees are planted by Linda.这些树是琳达种的。
No nets are required for this type of fishing.
no意为“没有”,修饰nets,表示完全否定。no表示完全否定时可修饰名词和代词one。
No students like the movie. 学生都不喜欢这部电影。
No one can do it. 这事谁也干不了。
(2)are required是一般现在时的被动语态结构(required是及物动词require的过去分词),表示“被需要”。
知识归纳:require作及物动词意为“需要”,与及物动词need是同义词,其常用结构如下
(1)require+名词或代词。
This suggestion requires careful thought.这个建议需要慎重考虑。
(2)require doing sth可与require to be done互换,表示“某事需要被做”(require+动名词是主动形式表达被动概念)。
The room requires cleaning.
=The room requires to be cleaned.这个房间需要打扫。(cleaned是clean的过去分词)
require sb to do sth表示“需要某人做某事”(不定式部分是作宾补,是sb发出的动作),对应的被动语态结构是be required to do sth,表示“被需要做某事”。
I require him to go shopping.
=He is required to go shopping by me.我需要他去购物。
知识拓展:require、need、want都可接动名词和不定式作宾语。接动名词时可与to be+done互换。
The child wants praising.
=The child wants to be praised.这个孩子想要被表扬。
My nail needs trimming.
=My nail needs to be trimmed.我的指甲要剪了。
13.Cormorant fishing was once practised in lots of places in South-East China
was once practised是一般过去时的被动语态结构,由“was+及物动词的过去分词”构成,其中:
once是副词,在此意为“从前”。
practised是practise的过去分词,在此意为“从事;实行”。practise是英式英语,对应的美式英语是practice。
Circular economy was practised/practiced all over the country.
循环经济在全国推行。
14.But today,few young people are interested in it.
few意为“几乎没有”,要修饰复数名词,表示否定概念。它修饰复数名词作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
Few students like the movie.几乎没有学生喜欢这部电影。
知识回顾:a few意为“有几个”,要修饰复数名词,表示肯定概念。它修饰复数名词作主语时谓语要用复数形式。
A few students like the movie.有几个学生喜欢这部电影。
15.In 50 years,perhaps there will be no more cormorant fishermen in the world.
(1)in 50 years是“in +时间段”结构,与将来时连用,表示“在...以后”。
My father will come back in half an hour.我爸爸半小时后回来。
知识归纳:“in+时间段”的用法
1)“in +时间段”可用于含有将来意义的句子中,表示“在...之后”。对它提问用how soon。
He is coming here in an hour.他1小时后会来这里。
How soon is he coming here?他多久后到这里来?
2)“in+时间段”还可意为“在...以内”,不与将来时连用。
They hope to finish the draft in a week.他们希望在一周内完成该草案。
结构辨析:“in+时间段”和“after+时间段”表“在...之后”的区别
after与时间段连用时,表示以过去时间为起点的一段时间以后,常与过去时连用。
He came back after three days. 3天后他回来了。
(2)perhaps是副词,意为“可能”,放在句首和句中均可,表示推测,可与maybe互换。
Perhaps/Maybe this is only my imagination.
也许这只是我的想象。
there will be...world是there be句型的一般将来时态结构,由“there will be+名词+地点”构成,表示“......将有......”。
There will be a concert next week.下周将有一场音乐会。
(4)no more意为“不再”,要置于实义动词之后或be动词前。它作定语修饰cormorant fishermen,强调数量不再增加。
There is no more gravity there. 那里不再有地球引力。
用法拓展:no more表示“不再”的其它用法
1)强调数量不再增加时还可作宾语。
I have no more to say. 我没有什么要说的了。
2)强调程度上不再增加时常置于实义动词之后,可与not......any more互换。
You can smoke no more.
= You can't smoke any more. 你不能再抽烟了。
语法点睛
一般现在时的被动语态结构由am/is/are+动词的过去分词构成。
一般过去时的被动语态结构由was/were+动词的过去分词构成。
一般将来时的被动语态有两种构成方式:
(1)am / is / are going to be done
(2)will be done
1.一般现在时的被动语态
一般现在时的被动语态结构由“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”构成,be动词的形式取决于主语,表示“...被做。”
句型:
肯定句:主语+am/is/are+过去分词+(by+名词/代词).
I am criticized by him.我遭到他批评。
否定句:主语+am/is/are not+过去分词+(by+名词/代词).
He is not asked questions by the teacher.他没被老师问问题。
一般疑问句:Am/Is/Are+主语+过去分词+(by+名词/代词)?
Are these computers made in the UK?这些计算机是在英国制造的吗?
特殊疑问词:疑问词+am/is/are+过去分词+(by+名词/代词)?
When are these computers made in the UK?这些计算机是什么时候在英国制造的?
一般现在时的主动语态和被动语态的转换
记忆口诀:宾变主,主变宾,by短语后面跟。 谓语动词变被动,be后“过分”来使用。
1)主动语态的主语变被动语态时要变成“by+主语(代词用宾格)”;主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态时要变为am/is/are+该动词的过去分词(be动词的形式取决于主语);主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。
We use a recorder in our English class.我们在英语课上用录音机。
A recorder is used in our English class by us.录音机在英语课上被我们使用。
He asks us to clean the room.他要求我们打扫房间。
We are asked to clean the room by him.我们被他要求打扫教室。
2)英语中有些及物动词,诸如give和teach等,可接双宾语。把含有这些词的句子变为被动语态时,被动语态既可用人作主语,又可用事物作主语。
Tom gives me a book.=Tom gives a book to me.汤姆给了我一本书。
被动语态为:A book is given to me by Tom.
I am given a book by Tom.
3)使役动词、表示“感觉;看到;听到”的及物动词后跟不带to的不定式作宾补,改为被动结构后要加上不定式符号“to”。
主动:I make him cry.我把他弄哭了。
被动:He is made to cry.他被我弄哭了。
重要提示:被动语态的注意事项
如果不知道或没必要说明动作是由谁做的,可省略by+名词/代词。
被动语态表示“被...”,可结合具体语境翻译为“受到;遭受、得到”等等。
不及物动词和连系动词没有被动语态结构。
(4)大部分及物动词、及物动词短语都可用于被动语态,但以下动词及短语除外。
动词:fit(适合)have(有)own(拥有)marry(娶;嫁), wish(希望), cost(花费)、hold(容纳)、lack(缺乏)、equal(等于)、catch/get/take(表示“明白”)
短语:shake hands with(握手)take part in(参加)
(5)不接宾语的动词短语,诸如break out(爆发),sell well(畅销),come out(出版)、come true(成真)、take place(发生)等等,没有被动语态。
(6)不及物动词与介词构成短语时通常可用于被动语态,但arrive in/at(到达)、get to、belong to(属于)、happen to(碰巧发生)除外。
Her grandmother is looked after by her.她的奶奶得到她的照顾。
当及物动词接的宾语是反身代词时,该动词也没有被动语态。
I find myself in the park.我发现我自己在公园里。
2.一般过去时的被动语态
一般过去时的被动语态结构由“was/were+过去分词”构成,was和were由主语的形式决定,表示动作在过去的时间里被做。
句型
1)肯定句:主语+was/were+动词的过去分词+其它+(by+名词/代词).
I was beaten.我被打败了。
2)否定句:主语+was/were+not+动词的过去分词+其它+(by+名词/代词).
This speech was not delivered by me.这个演讲不是由我发表的。
3)一般疑问句:Was/Were+主语+动词的过去分词+其它+(by+名词/代词)
Were the songs composed by a soldier 这些歌是由一名士兵创作的吗
4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+was/were+主语+动词的过去分词+其它+(by+名词/代词)?
Who was beaten?谁被打败了?
(3)一般过去时的主动语态和被动语态的转换
1)主动语态的主语要变为被动语态中的by+主动语态的主语(人称代词变宾格)。
2)主动语态的谓语动词变被动语态要用was/were+动词的过去分词。
3)主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。
That man killed a lady in the morning.那个男人早上杀了一名女士。
A lady was killed by that man in the morning.一位女士早上被那个男人杀了。
3.一般将来时的被动语态
(1)一般将来时的被动语态有两种结构:
1)am / is / are going to be done (be动词的单复数由主语决定),表示“打算被做...”。
2)will be done表示“将要被做...”,will无人称限制。
(2)句型
1)上述两种结构的否定式都是在be动词和will后加not。
2)一般疑问句结构是把be动词和will置于句首。
3)特殊疑问句结构为“疑问词+ be +主语+ going to be + 过去分词+(其它)?”和“疑问词 + will +主语+ be + 过去分词+(其它)?”
(3)用法
1)表示根据计划或安排将要发生的被动性动作。
Is this work going to be done in a minute?这项工作将立即完成吗?
Those books won’t be published next week.那些书下周出版不了。
When will that patient be operated on?那位病人何时要被实施手术?
2)表示有固定性条件就有规律性被动结果。
Heated to 100℃,water will be turned into steam. 加热到100度时,水将会变成蒸汽。
(4)一般将来时的被动语态和主动语态的转换
1)主动语态的主语,变被动语态时要转换为“by +主语(代词用宾格)”结构。
2)主动语态的谓语动词,变被动语态要用be going to / will be +“该动词的过去分词”。
3)主动语态的宾语要变为被动语态的主语。
They will make some parts of the car in that factory. 他们将在那家工厂里制造车的一些配件。
Some parts of the car will be made in that factory by them.车的一些零件将在那家工厂里被他们制造。
Speaking
口语表达归纳:
一.描述某人特征的句型
描述某人年轻、中年、年老,用句型Sb+be动词+young/middle-aged/old.(be动词的形式由主语决定)
描述某人身材胖、魁梧、瘦,用句型sb+be动词+heavy/big/thin.(胖也可用fat表示;瘦也可用slim表示)
描述某人高、矮,用句型Sb+be动词+tall/short.
描述某人留着长发,戴眼镜的句型是:
Sb have/has......hair.(hair前有表示“长短、颜色;曲直”的形容词时,遵循先说“长短”,然后说“曲直”,最后说“颜色”的顺序)
sb wear/wears glasses.
口语示例
My mother is middle-aged.She is tall and slim.She has long curly black hair.She wears glasses.
我妈妈是中年人。她很高而且很瘦。她留着长的黑色的卷发。她戴眼镜。
Writing部分
写作技能提升:写一篇短文,描述一个拥有传统技艺的人
短文应包括三段话。
(1)第一段介绍这个拥有传统技艺的人(介绍他/她的名字以及外貌特征)。
(2)第二段描述这个人的工作和使用工具。
(3)第三段点明你对这个人的看法。
写作技巧
正文用第一、三人称,时态用一般现在时
尽量使用本单元中的词语和被动语态结构
句型及运用方法
第一段:
......is......years old. ......岁。
运用1:is之前要填人名;years之前填具体岁数;同义表达是“......is at the age of......”。
He/She is......and has......hair.他/她......,留着......发。
运用2:主语用he还是she由第一句的主语决定;is后用描述身体特征的形容词;hair前可用描述颜色、长短、曲直的形容词。
第二段:
3.......is good at...... ......善于......。
运用3:主语要和第一段首句的主语保持一致;is good at可与does well in互换;at/in后接动名词,比如paper cutting(剪纸)。
He/She has a pair of skillful hands.他/她有一双巧手。
运用4:这句话也可表达为“His/Her hands are skillful.他/她的手很灵巧。
He/She uses color paper and scissors to make paper cuttings.他/她使用彩色纸和剪刀制作剪纸。
运用5:use sth to do sth可与use sth for doing sth互换,因此这句话的同义表达是He/She uses color paper and scissors for making paper cuttings.
注意:由于日常生活中剪刀是成双出现的物品,因此常用复数形式。
运用6:use sth to do sth是主动语态,被动语态是be used to do sth,因此这句话也可改写为Color paper and scissors are used to make paper cuttings by him/her.彩色纸和剪刀被他/她用来剪纸。
He/She can finish a work in a few minutes.他/她可以在几分钟之内完成一份作品。
运用7:can可与is able to互换;in表示“在...之内”,可与within互换,因此这句话的同义表达是He/She is able to finish a piece of work within a few minutes.
Also,he/she can turn color paper into different shapes,such as animals,plants and some cartoon characters.而且,他/她能将彩色纸变成不同的形状,比如动物、植物、一些卡通人物。
运用8:also在此表示“而且”,可与moreover互换;turn sth into sth表示“把......变成......”,相当于make sth become sth;such as用于举例,可与like互换,因此这句话的同义表达是Moreover,he/she can make color paper become different shapes,like animals,plants and some cartoon characters.
注意:character是可数名词,表示“角色”,使用时勿忘要变复数;如果只列举同类人或事物例子,用such as/like/for example均可。
结尾段:
8.I think ......’s works are really fantastic .我觉得......的作品确实很棒极了。
运用9:......’s是名词所有格,所填名词要和首段首句中的主语一致,也可换成his/her;fantastic前还可用程度副词very、so、quite等修饰,因此这句话的同义表达是I think his/her works are very fantastic.我觉得他/她的作品非常棒。
运用10:由于这句话是点明自己的观点,也可用“as for me/as far as I’m concerned”表达,因此这句话还可改写为:
As for me,his/her works are so fantastic.就我而言,他/她的作品太棒了。
As far as I’m concerned,his/her works are quite fantastic.依我看,他/她的作品相当棒。
And I think that it is necessary to hand down this skill from generation to generation.而且我觉得将这种技巧一代代地传下去是很有必要的。
运用11:主语+think+that引导的宾语从句(从句为it is necessary+动词不定式)可转换为主语+think it necessary+动词不定式(it作形式宾语),因此这句话的同义表达是And I think that it necessary to hand down this skill from generation to generation.
写作范文
Mr Wang is 58 years old. He is slim and has short hair.
Mr Wang is good at paper cutting.His hands are skillful.Color paper and scissors are used to make paper cuttings by him.He can finish a work in a few minutes.Also,he can turn color paper into different shapes,such as animals,plants and some cartoon characters.
I think Mr Wang’s works are really fantastic.And I think that it is necessary to hand down this skill from generation to generation.
More practice
1.Wang Weifang puts on a play with his friends in a small town near Xi’ an.
puts on是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语(puts是put的三单形式),在此意为“表演”。此外它还可表示“穿上;增加”。
由于该短语中的on是副词,因此接名词时名词放在on前后均可;接代词时代词要放在on之前。
We are going to put a play on soon.我们马上要表演一个话剧。
I have put on weight.我的体重增加了。
Your shoes are here.Put them on.你的鞋子在这里。穿上它们。
2.The audience can hear them
audience在此作可数名词,意为“观众”。作主语时,如果看作整体,动词可用单数;如果看作许多个体,谓语用复数,有时两种形式都可以用。
It was late,but the audience was increasing.天晚了,但是观众还在增加。
The audience are dressed in a variety of ways.观众们穿着打扮多种多样。
The audience was / were very excited by the show.
演出使观众非常激动。
用法拓展:audience表示数量时,可用于两种结构。
(1)an audience of +数词+名词复数
The talk show has an audience of 7 million TV viewers.
这个谈话节目拥有700万电视观众。
(2)audiences of + 数词 + 名词复数
Audiences of about 2 billion people are watching FIFA World Cup.
大约有20亿的观众在看足球世界杯。
3.That is because they are putting on a shadow puppet play.
这是That is+because从句结构,其中:because在此引导表语从句。because引导的表语从句时,主句的主语多用that/this/it。它们指代前文提到的事实,而这一事实产生的原因和理由就是because从句,即表达“前果后因”。
I didn’t come yesterday. It is because I was ill.
我昨天没来。这是因为我生病了。
4.Shadow puppets are made of hard leather.
句中用了be made of短语,表示“由...制成”(be动词的形式由主语决定),强调制成的物品看得出原材料。
The kite is made of paper. 风筝是用纸做的。
知识拓展:be made of是被动语态结构,主动语态结构是make...of...。
I make the flower of plastics.我用塑料制作这朵花。
用法辨析:be made of和be made from的区别
be made from表示“由...做成”,强调制成的物品看不出原材料。主动结构是make...from...。
Any kind of alcoholic drink which is made from grapes is called wine.
任何一种使用葡萄制成的含酒精的饮料都称为葡萄酒。
Chinese could make paper from wood many years ago.
很多年前,中国人就能用木材造纸了。
5.The leather is cut out in the shape of person.
(1)cut out在此是cut out的过去分词结构,意为“剪裁”。
This piece of cloth is cut out by him.这块布被她剪了。
知识归纳:cut out是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“裁剪;删除”,接名词时名词放在out前后均可;接代词时代词要放在out之前。
You should cut these details out .你应当删除掉这些细节。
There is a piece of cloth here.Let’s cut it out.
这里有一块布。我们裁剪它吧。
in the shape of是固定短语,意为“以……形状”。
The pool is in the shape of a heart.游泳池呈心形。
Each puppet is painted in bright colours and put on a stick.
each在此作形容词,意为“每个”,要修饰单数名词。each修饰单数名词作主语时,谓语要用单数形式。
Two boy enters the room.Each carries a bag.两个男孩走进房间。每个都带着一个书包。
7.Some puppets have movable arms and legs.
movable是不及物动词move+后缀able复合而成的形容词,意为“可以移动的”。
由于move结尾的e不发音,接able时要去掉e。
able是形容词后缀,表示“能.....的”,放在某些不及物动词后将其变为形容词,含有主动含义。
movable platform 可移动平台
8.The audience sit in front of the screen.
in front of意为“在...前面”,表示在参照物的“范围之外”的前面。
There are some trees in front of the classroom.
教室的前面有一些树。
知识回顾:in the front of意为“在…的前部”,表示在参照物的“范围之内”的前面。
Our teacher usually stands in the front of the classroom.我们老师通常站在教室的前面。
Now with TV and films, shadow puppet plays are not as popular as before.
not as popular as是not as+形容词原级+as结构,表示“......不如.....”,第一个as可与so互换。
He is not so / as fat as me.
他不如我胖。
but they do not mind
mind在此作不及物动词,意为“介意”,其后不接宾语。表示“对......介意”,用mind about短语。
Don’t mind about that. 不必对此介意。
11.They want to keep this traditional art form alive.
keep this traditional art form alive是“keep sth(宾语)+形容词(宾补),其中:
keep作使役动词,意为“保持”。
Please keep the classroom clean.请保持教室整洁。
(2)alive作形容词,在此意为“活着的”。alive作此意时可修饰人和事物、可作表语,补足语,后置定语。
He must be alive, for he is still breathing slightly.
他肯定活着,因为他还在轻微地呼吸。
This is the fish alive.这是一条活鱼。
The spy was caught alive.特务被活捉了。(alive作主语补足语)
重要提示:alive还可表示“活泼的;有生气的”,常不作前置定语,但是若本身带有修饰语,则可以用作前置定语。
a really alive student 一个十分活跃的学生
a really alive town 一个十分热闹市镇
词语辨析:alive,living,live可意为“活着的”,区别如下:
1)living常作前置定语,可修饰人或物,侧重表示“活着的;有生命的”。
He is regarded as one of the best living writers at present.
他被视为当今在世的最好作家之一。
English is a living language. 英语是一门鲜活的语言。
3)live常作前置定语,只用于描述物,侧重表示“活生生的”。
Have you seen a live whale? 你看见过活的鲸鱼吗?
考点荟萃
1.考点:考查although表“尽管”,引导让步状语从句时不能和but连用的用法。
___ my cousin is very young, _____ she can help with the housework.
A. Once; 不填 B.Though; but C. Although; 不填
解析:题干意为“____我的堂妹非常小,___她能帮助做家务。”根据句意,可判断所缺内容是“虽然...但是”。对比选项,although表“尽管”,引导让步状语从句,不和but连用,符合题意,因此选C。
干扰项分析:once表“一旦”,though表“尽管”,不和but连用,它们不符合题意,故排除AB。
2.考点:考查多个形容词放在一起时,要遵循“描绘性形容词+大小+形状+新旧年龄+颜色+国籍(产地)+材料(用途)”的顺序的用法。
They have got such a________table.
A. round wooden brown B. round brown wooden C. brown round wooden
解析:分析题干和选项,所填内容修饰table,round为表形状的形容词,brown表颜色,wooden表材料,放在一起修饰名词时遵循“形状+颜色+材料”的顺序,因此选B。
3.考点:考查“set off for+地点”表“出发去某地”的用法。
—When are you going to_____for Shanghai
—Tomorrow morning.
A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off
解析:空所在句的意思是“你打算什么时候_____去上海?”根据for Shanghai所提示的语境,对比选项,set off可与for短语连用,表示“出发去...”,符合题意,故选D。
干扰项分析:get off表“下车”;turn off表“关闭”,take off表“起飞;脱下”,和题干意思矛盾,排除ABC。
4.考点:考查stop...from表“阻止...以免做某事”,from后跟动词时动词要变为动名词的用法。
I will try my best to stop my son from _____ the same mistake.
A.make B.made C.makes D.making
解析:由于stop...from接动词时动词要变为动名词,因此选D。
5.考点:考查require to be done可与require doing互换的用法。
句型转换。
The sick lady requires to be looked after.
The sick lady requires_____ _____.(改为同义句)
解析:由于require to be done表“需要被做”,可与require doing互换,故填looking after。
6.考点:考查want接不定式表“想要做...”,接动名词表“想要被...”;need接不定式表“需要做...”,接动名词表“需要被...”的用法。
(1)The driver wanted________his car near the roadside but was asked by the police not to.
A. park B. parked C. to park D. parking
解析:空所在句的意思是“这位司机想要在路边_____车”,由于want后接动词时只能用不定式或动词ing形式,接不定式表“想要做某事”,符合题意,故选C。
(2)Don’t throw away the waste paper. It needs _____.
A. to recycle B. recycling C. recycle
解析:题干意为“不要乱扔废纸。它需要_____。分析题干,it指代前句中的 the waste paper;need在此用的是三单形式的needs,可知用作实义动词;又根据句意,可判断要用need doing结构,表示“需要被”,因此选B。
小贴士:recycle在此作不及物动词,意为“重复利用”。
7.考点:考查how soon表“多久之后”,对“in+时间段”提问的用法。
-_____will the invitations be sent to our guests
—In three days.
A.How often B.How soon C.How long D.How far
解析:分析题干和选项,句中时态为一般将来时,答语为“in+时间段”结构,对它提问要用how soon,因此选B。
8.考点:考查“in+时间段”可与将来时连用,表“在...以后”;“after+时间段”表“在...之后”,与过去时连用的区别。
Tom will visit our farm ______ two weeks.
A. in B. after C. at
解析:题干意为“汤姆两周____要参观我们的农场。”由于题干用的时态是一般将来时,two weeks是时间段,因此选A。
干扰项分析:after接时间段要与过去时连用,at接时间点,故排除BC。
9.考点:考查will与there be句型连用时要用“There will be+名词”句型的用法。
We_______some robots at home in the future, and there_____some in the office, too.
A. will have; will have B. have; will be C. will have; will be D. will have; are
解析:and连接两个并列分句,第一个分句中的时间状语是in the future,谓语要用一般将来时;第二个分句中的结尾too表示“也”,可知该句也要用一般将来时;又由于第二个分句是there be句型,要用there will be,故选C。
10.考点:考查一般现在时的被动语态结构由“am/is/are+动词的过去分词”构成,be动词的单复数由主语决定。
(1)When you ______ a difficult task, try to continue with it and finish it.
A. give B. are giving C. gave D. are given
解析:题干意为“你____一份很难的任务时,尽力继续做并完成它。”根据句意和选项,可判断是“你”给予任务,要用被动语态结构,因此选D。
(2)To our surprise, the walls of the new bookstore ____books.
A. are lined with B. is lined with C. have lined with
解析:题干意为“令我们吃惊的是,这个新书店的墙_____书。”分析题干和选项,主语the walls是复数,无法发出动作,应用被动语态结构(be用are),因此选A。
(3)—During the APEC summit(峰会),Beijing’s sky was so blue and clear.
—It_____APEC blue.But too bad it no longer stays that way.
A.is called B.are called C.called D.calls
解析:题干意为“—在APEC峰会期间,北京的天空如此湛蓝。—它____APEC蓝。但很糟的是它不再保持那样了。”分析题干和选项,it是单数代词,无法发出call这个动作,应用被动语态结构is called,因此选A。
(4)Everyone in our class _______ to take part in the English Speech Contest.
A. is encouraged B. encourages C. are encouraging D. are encouraged
解析:题干意为“我们班上的每个人_____参加英语演讲比赛。”分析题干和选项,everyone作主语,谓语要用单数形式;又根据句意,可判断要用被动语态(被鼓励),因此选A。
(5)根据汉语提示完成单词。
The more children are______(鼓励), the more progress they will make.
解析:题干意为“孩子们越_____,他们将取得更大进步。”根据句意,可判断分号前的句子应用被动语态结构“are+动词的过去分词”;“鼓励”的过去分词是encouraged,因此为encouraged。
(6)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Tell me the website at once. I will buy one before they_____(sell) out.
解析:题干意为“立刻告诉我网站。我将在它们____之前买一个。”根据句意,可判断这里要用被动语态;又由于before引导时间状语从句时主句用一般将来时,从句要用一般现在时,故要用一般现在时的被动语态;又由于主语they是复数,因此填are sold。
句型转换。
Millie feeds her pet dog three times a day.(改为被动语态)
Millie’s pet dog _______ ________ by Millie three times a day.
解析:分析题干,句中时态是一般现在时,可判断要用一般现在时的被动语态结构;又由于主语Millie’s pet dog是单数名词,feed的过去分词是fed,故填is fed。
11.考点:考查把make sb do sth变被动语态时要用be made to do sth(be动词的形式由主语决定,不定式符号to不能省)的用法。
The students in this school are made____school uniforms on Monday.
A.to wear B.wearing C.wear D.worn
解析:分析题干结构,make在此作使役动词,be made后必须用不定式,因此选A。
12.考点:考查一般过去时的被动语态结构由“was/were+动词的过去分词”构成,be动词的单复数由主语决定的用法。
(1)—Did Jack come to our party yesterday
—No, he _______
A. didn’t invite B. wasn’t invited C. isn’t invited D. hasn’t invited
解析:题干意为“—昨天杰克来参加我们的聚会了吗?—没有,他没被____。”分析题干和选项,由于第一句询问的是过去的事情,因此答语要用一般过去时;又结合句意可判断杰克没被邀请,要用一般过去时的被动语态的否定结构,因此选B。
(2)—Who’s the little girl in the photo
—It’s me. The photo ______ 10 years ago.
A. took B. is taken C. has taken D. was taken
解析:分析题干和选项,主语the photo无法发出动作,ago是一般过去时的标志词,要用一般过去时的被动语态,因此选D。
(3)Many houses______by the earthquake and thousands of people were left homeless.
A. damaged B. were damaged C. were damaging D. are damaged
解析:题干意为“很多房子被地震____了,而且数以千计的人无家可归。”结合句意和选项,and连接的两个分句是顺承关系,可判断空所在句要用一般过去时;又由于房子是被破坏,应用一般过去时的被动语态结构,因此选B。
(4)(2015年广东省茂名市中考题)
Mr Zhang and his wife_____to the party last Sunday.
invited B.was invited C.were invited
解析:题干意为“上周日张先生和他妻子_____去参加聚会。”分析题干和选项,主语表示复数概念,谓语要用复数形式;又结合句意,可判断要用被动语态结构,表示“被邀请”,因此选C。
(5)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Mo Yan, a Chinese writer____(honor) with the Nobel Prize last year.
解析:题干意为“莫言,一位中国作家,去年_____诺贝尔奖。(给以荣誉)”根据句意,可判断这里指被给以荣誉,要用被动语态结构;又由于“last year”是一般过去时的时间状语,要用一般过去时的被动语态结构;主语为单数,故填was honored。
(6)句型转换。
Though the earthquake destroyed many houses,people didn’t lose hope.
Though many houses_____ ____by the earthquake,people didn’t lose hope.(改为被动语态)解析:分析题干,时态是一般过去时,though引导的从句部分的谓语动词是destroy;把该从句变被动语态时,主语是many houses,谓语要用were destroyed,因此填were destroyed。
(7)根据汉语提示写出单词。
It’s reported that Shen Jian,director of the Provincial Education Department of Jiangsu,was___(采访)by 11 primary school students about some present issues.
解析:本题用了“was+所填词+by短语”结构,这是一般过去时的被动语态结构,所填词要用过去分词,因此填interviewed。
13.考点:考查一般将来时的被动语态结构为will be+动词的过去分词的用法。
I wonder when Subway Ⅱ in Harbin_______. When the day comes, I' ll spend less time
going to school every day.
is finish B. will be finished C. was finished
解析:题干意为“我想知道哈尔滨地铁二号线______。当这天来临时,我每天将花更少的时间去上学。”根据句意和选项,可推断地铁二号线这还没完成,应用一般将来时的被动语态结构,因此选B。
14.考点:考查be made of表“由...制成”,强调制成的物品看得出原材料;be made from表“由...制成”,强调制成的物品看不出原材料的区别。
—This kind of wine smells good.
—Yes, it's _____ grapes.
A.made of B.made in C.made by D.made from
解析:题干意为“—这种种类的葡萄酒闻起来很香。—是的,它是用葡萄_____。”由于葡萄可用于酿造葡萄酒,但从葡萄酒本身无法得知它的原材料是葡萄,对比选项,可知本题应填表“用...制造(看不出原材料)”的短语be made from,因此选D。
干扰项分析:be made of表“由...制造(看得出原材料)”,be made in表“在...制造”,其后接地点,be made by表“被...制造”,by接动作的执行者,和题干矛盾,故排除ABC。
—What a nice dress!Is it made____silk?
—Yes.I bought it in Hangzhou.
in B.by C.of
解析:题干意为“多么好的一件连衣裙啊!它是____丝绸制造的吗?—是的。我在杭州买的。”根据句意,可判断要用be made of短语,表示“由...制成”,强调制成的物品看得出原材料,因此选C。
单元考点跟踪训练
I.单项选择
1.Everyday, much water _______ in our school. We should save it.
A. is wasted B. wastes C. was wasted D. wasted
2.Some new hospitals _______ in my town next year.
A. builds B. built C. is built D. will be built
3.The terrorists (恐怖分子) in Xinjiang ______ last year.
A. are caught B. was caught C. were caught D. is caught
4.He is surprised that all the houses in the village ______ white.
A. paint B. painted C. are painting D. are painted
5.—Tom! I looked for you everywhere at the party last night.
—Oh, I _______ to the party.
A. am invited B. was invited C. am not invited D. wasn’t invited
6.Although it was dangerous for her to give the 3/4 liver(肝脏) to the poor girl,______Lin Ping still did it finally.
A. but B. or C. so D. /
7.—When are you going to_____for Shenyang
—Tomorrow.
A. get off B. turn off C. take off D. set off
8.The Great Green Wall can stop the wind and sand____to the rich land in the south of China.
A. move B. to move C. moving D.moved
9.Who is sitting ___ you in the cinema
A.in front B.in the front C.in front of D.in the front of
10.Can you finish the task ___ two days
A.since B about C in D after
II.根据汉语提示写出单词(必要时改变词语的形式)
Disney is famous for Micky Mouse and other cartoon_____.(角色)
When will they____Beijing?(到达)
I think Mary will get here after____.(天黑)
There are several_____here.(渔民)
I have a pair of_____.(剪刀)
III.用所给单词的正确形式填空
These plants requires______.(water)
Three bridge _______ over the river two years ago.(build)
Keep quiet! Talking _______ during the meeting.(not;allow)
Hawking has written a book, where he has_____blackholes in the universe.(description)
—I am afraid that I can’t finish the work successfully.
—Don’t worry. You will______ plenty of time to do it.(give)
IV.选词填空
all attract no up ready
I can_____their attention.
I can take____to four people in my car.
I don't know what he is thinking____the time.
Let’s get____everything for the meeting.
You can drink____more.
V.句型转换
This bike was repaired by the girl in the morning.(改为主动语态)
_________________________________________
He asked me to go home early.(改为被动语态)
__________________________
Linda buys a beautiful coat today.(改为被动语态)
__________________________
The road will be built by the government next month.(改为主动语态)
_____________________________________________
Lucy and Lily will return home in two hours.(对画线部分提问)
_____________________________________
参考答案
I.单项选择
ADCDD DDCCC
II部分1.characters 2.reach 3.dark 4.fishermen 5.scissors
III部分1.watering 2.were built 3.isn’t/is not allowed 4.described 5.be given
IV部分1.attract 2.up 3.all 4.ready 5.no
V部分 1.The girl repaired this bike in the morning.
2.I was asked to go home early.
3.A beautiful coat is bought by Linda today.
4.The government will build the road next month.
5.How soon will Lucy and Lily return home?