Welcome Unit 整体掌握 语法篇
2019人教版高考英语必修第一册
英语24字整体教学讲义
句子成分和简单句型
◆ 句子成分
◆ 简单句型
◆ 基础巩固 透析语法
◆ 能力提升 突破考点
句子成分和简单句型
句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语，同位语。
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
成分 意义 位置
主语 S(subject) 句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 位于句首
谓语V(verb) 表示主语的行为或状态是英语句子的灵魂、核心 主语之后
宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后
直接宾语DO (direct object) 表示动作的承受者，一般是物 动词后
间接宾语IO (indirect object) 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人 动词后
表语 P(predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动词后
宾语补足语OC (object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后
定语(attributive) 用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征 名词或代词前面或后面
状语A(adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活
几个要强调的语法点：
2. 1. 复合谓语
①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for three weeks. (情态动词may+动词原形keep做谓语)
The little girl has caught a bad cold. (助动词hast动词过去分词caught做谓语)
②由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students now. (系动词are+名词students构成系表结构做谓语)
2. 2 主谓一致，谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：
I am reading. You are reading.
He\She is reading. We are reading.
2. 3 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：
He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语 直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语 直接宾语
2. 4 形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. （介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you. （不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly. （副词）这里的人们非常友好。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. （从句作定语）
那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
II. 基本句子结构
句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，而充当谓语的动词有不同的种类，这就形成了英语简单句的不同句型。
1. 主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)
A bird flies.
S V
2. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
They like bananas.
S V O
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋P)
This is great.
S P
拓展：英语中的连系动词有：be动词、感官动词(look,. smell，taste, feel, sound等)、表变化类动词(get, become, turn, go，grow, come等)、表保持类动词(keep, stay, remain等)。
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾 语叫作双宾语) (S＋V＋IO＋DO)
Billy brought Sam a kite.
S V IO DO
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C)
They found the snake dead.
S V O C
III. there be结构
there be结构是一种常见的特殊句子结构，也称之为“存在句”。
1. there be结构的构成
1） there be结构主要由“there＋be＋名词主语＋其他”构成。 There is a doctor and two nurses in the medical team.
这个医疗队由1位医生和2名护士组成。
There were no footprints to be seen.
看不见任何足迹。
拓展：① no=not a或not any, 在上述例句中等同于“not any”；②就近原则：there be结构中的谓语动词的人称和数的形式要与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a chair，and two desks in the room.
房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。
There are two desks and a chair in the room.
房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。
there be结构中的be有多种谓语表现形式。
There is going to be a film this weekend.
这个周末有电影。
There seems to be no suitable work for him.
看来似乎没有任何合适的工作让他去干。
There happened to be nobody in the room.
碰巧屋里无人。
there be结构中的动词be可被其他实义动词替换。
①表示存在或位置的动词，如：exist, live, stand, lie, remain等。
There stands in the Tian’anmen Square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 天安门广场上矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。
②表示运动或方向的动词，如come, go, walk, run, flow, arrive, follow, pass等。
Suddenly there came a knock on the door. 突然传来敲门声。
③描绘某事发生或发展的动词。这类动词常见的有occur, develop, arise, appear等。
There have occurred great changes in my hometown since 1978. 1978年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
含有情态动词的there be结构，there be结构中的谓语动词可以和情态动词连用。
There cannot be anyone in the office at this moment.
此时办公室里不可能有人。
There used to be a theatre here.
过去这里曾有一家戏院。
注意：There be结构有时和have结构可以互换使用，但有时两者有一定的区别，前者强调“某处有……”，着重“存在”的状态；后者则强调“某人有……”，着重“占有”。
There is going to be a strong wind this afternoon.
今天下午有大风。(主语为物多用there be结构)
A dog has a good nose.
狗有灵敏的鼻子。(强调所属关系，多用have)
2. there be结构的用法
1）表示人或物存在
There is a pain in my back. 我的背疼。
2）表示发生某事
There is going to be a storm tonight. 今晚将有一场暴风雨。
3）there is no. . . 结构，这些结构不表示“存在”的意义，而是用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。
There is no use(in) doing it. 干此事毫无用处。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no saying what may happen.
很难说会发生什么事。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.
不知何时我们能再相见。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
历史的车轮不能倒转。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的
基础巩固 透析语法
I. 写出下列句子中画线部分的成分
1. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子谓语是？
A. studying B. managed C. pass D. Entering
2. The first week was a little confusing. 以上句子中黑体加粗的是 ________.
A. 名词短语 B. 形容词短语 C. 介词短语 D. 副词短语
3. She has been a student for ten years. 句子的谓语是 ________.
A. has been B. She C. a student D. for ten years
4. The young man offered the old man his own seat. ()
A. 宾语 B. 定语 C. 宾语补足语 D. 表语
5. There were not many things we could do when it was raining. 主句的谓语动词是？
A. were B. could C. do D. was
6. Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 划线部分是什么短语？在句子中做什么成分？
A. AdjP, 定语 B. AdjP, 状语 C. AdvP, 状语 D. AdvP, 定语
7. Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most renowned schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (状语) B. complement (补语)
C. attributive (定语) D. appositive (同位语)
8. I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (状语) B. complement (补语)
C. attributive (定语) D. appositive (同位语)
9. Please analyze the structure of the sentence; “He started an IT company after graduation. ”
A. SVOC B. SVA C. SVOA D. SPA
10. Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的谓语动词是________。
A. Born B. began C. Whitacre D. Studying
11. We will make him our monitor. (分析句子结构)
A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC
12. My father bought me a new bike last week. (分析句子结构)
A. S+V B. S+V+C C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
13. The sentence structure of “He lent me a book. ” is ______
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+P
14. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. ”
A. SV (主+谓) B. SVO (主+谓+宾)
C. SVIO DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) D. SVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
15. Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He lent me a book. ”
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
16. The sentence structure of “He often makes me happy" is________.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V+P
17. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. ”
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
18. We should keep the classroom clean and tidy. 该句子结构为
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
19. We should remain modest and honest. 该句子结构为
A. SVP B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
20. The sentence structure of the sentence "You will find English easy to learn. "is ________.
(S: subjectV: verbO: objectC: complement)
S+V+O B. S+V+O1+O2 C. S+V+O+C D. S+V
21. The sentence"We can fly a kite in the park. "shares the same structure with________.
A. She saw a white-haired man B. He gave me a smile.
C. He was friendly D. He wrote a letter in the classroom
22. At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. Lay
23. “The news makes me feel very happy. ” The structure of this sentence is “________”.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO
C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+C
24. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face. 该句中，主句是？
A. with the rapid development of science and technology
B. more and more people believe that. . .
C. environmental pollution has become a problem
D. we have to face
25. “Every morning, I hear the birds sing in the park. ”中下划线部分是什么成分？
A. P B. DO C. C D. IO
II. 写出下列句子所属的类型
In other words, most of us are anxious about our future.
主语＋系动词＋表语
Our teacher showed us an impressive experiment just now.
_____________________________________
An old man was walking slowly and carefully.
_____________________________________
The girl talked about her campus life.
_____________________________________
The outgoing girl made her speech impressive.
_____________________________________
The sun was shining.
_____________________________
7. He is designing a new dress carefully.
_____________________________________
There are ten boys in the classroom.
_____________________________________
III. 根据括号内的要求把下面两句话合并成一句话。
1. We’ve painted the walls. They’re bright yellow. (用“宾语＋宾补”的形式连接两句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We gave him. We gave a book. (用双宾语的形式连接两句)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. We have physics in the classroom. The classroom is new. (用new作定语的形式连接两句)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. An old man lived in the village many years ago. (用There lived. . . 改写)
________________________________________________________________________________
IV. 语法主题应用
使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面的语段
Good morning, everyone! ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (很荣幸→SP)for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and _____ _____ _____ _____ (我十五岁了→SP).
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我来自大连市→SVA) which is a beautiful and attractive place. I wish you can visit it and I believe that ______ ______ ______ ______ (会给你留下深刻印象→SV). English and movies are my favorites ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOC). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我喜欢交友→SVO), especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk about. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我希望能和我的朋友们一起进步→SVOA). Thank you.
能力提升 突破考点
I. 高考链接之单句语法填空
My mom told me how _______ （prepare）it. （2020·新课标I）
Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with ____________ （chopstick）. （2020·新课标I）
3. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______________ (make) over the years. (2019·全国 Ⅱ)
4. They also shared with us many__________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _______ (huge) popular with tourists. (2019·全国Ⅲ)
5. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. (2018·全国Ⅲ)
6. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _____________ (stay) and watch. (2018·全国Ⅲ)
7. I still remember ___________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I___________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. (2018·浙江)
II. 根据中文完成句子。
1. 世界上许多国家正盼望着与中国进行贸易。
Many countries in the world are____________________________ trading with China
2. 不要害怕犯错误，因为没有人一直是对的。
Don't______________________ making mistakes because nobody will be right all the time
3. 越来越多的孩子喜欢和他们的父母去世界各地旅行。
More and more children like to travel______________________ with their parents.
4. 未来污染将会更少。
There will be_____________________ in the future
5. 篮球比赛获胜时，我为他们的成功感到骄傲。
I was proud of their success_______________________________ the basketball match
6. 当别人犯错误时，嘲笑他们是不礼貌的。
It’s impolite to___________________ others when they make mistakes
7. 尽管蒂姆很小，但是他至少可以说两种外语。
Although Tim is young, he can speak_______________ two foreign languages
8. 我们全家都喜欢在这家餐厅吃火锅，它以良好的服务出名。
All my family like to eat hotpot at this restaurant. It____________________ its good service.
9. 我们读的好书越多，精神方面就越富有。
The more good books we read, ________________ we will be in spirit.
10. 分发试卷前，学生们应该保持安静。
The students are supposed to keep quiet____________________________________________.
微写作·整句翻译。
1. 帮助学生了解中国传统艺术是必要的。
__________________________________________
2. 他是一位多么友好的老师啊!
__________________________________________
3. 妈妈告诉我们不要摘花。
__________________________________________
4. 他完成这项任务用了好几周时间。
__________________________________________
5. 这些橘子多么新鲜啊!
__________________________________________
6. 我爸爸是一个能使别人开心的人。
__________________________________________
7. 这是多么有用的信息啊!
__________________________________________
8. 你最好鼓励你的孩子养成一个好的阅读习惯。
__________________________________________
9. 努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。
__________________________________________
10. 据说考试后我们会举办一场盛大的派对。
__________________________________________
11. 这辆自行车出故障了。
___________________________________________
12当我们有不同意见时，我们应该互相理解。
___________________________________________
13. 有志者，事竟成。
____________________________________________
14. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
____________________________________________
15. 我发现要记住所有的新单词很难。
____________________________________________
IV. 语法填空（高考必考题型）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About 15 years ago, Andrew McAtee, a businessman and cyclist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s son. The 12-year-old boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a rare disease, a buildup of liquid in the brain _1 _ often causes imbalance.
When he got home, McAtee went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child _2_____________ balance problems. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. _3 _ there was more. “To see his son cycling with other kids,”McAtee says, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face. ”
That smile started the McAtee Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with some clinics _4 _ (find) children who can benefit from owning _5 _ adaptive bike-and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. The bikes are expensive-S3, 000 to S4, 000, and that’s with the foundation’s discount. For kids 6 (luck) enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
So far, the foundation _7 (give) away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of _8 _ (company),“McAtee says. “But _ 9 (get)these kids their bikes is _10 (important) thing that I do. ”Welcome Unit 整体掌握 语法篇
2019人教版高考英语必修第一册
英语24字整体教学讲义 教师版
句子成分和简单句型
◆ 句子成分
◆ 简单句型
◆ 基础巩固 透析语法
◆ 能力提升 突破考点
句子成分和简单句型
句子成分
组成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。英语的句子成分和中文的句子成分大致相同，可分为：主语，谓语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，宾语补语，同位语。
构成句子的各个部分叫作句子成分。句子成分包括主语、谓语、表语、宾语、宾补、定语和状语等。
成分 意义 位置
主语 S(subject) 句子的主体；谓语陈述、说明的对象，说明动作由“谁”发出 位于句首
谓语V(verb) 表示主语的行为或状态是英语句子的灵魂、核心 主语之后
宾语 O(object) 表示行为或活动的对象、接受者或受影响者 动词或介词后
直接宾语DO (direct object) 表示动作的承受者，一般是物 动词后
间接宾语IO (indirect object) 表示动作是对谁或为谁做的，一般是人 动词后
表语 P(predicative) 用来说明主语的身份、性质、状况等 系动词后
宾语补足语OC (object complement) 补充说明宾语的动作或状态 宾语后
定语(attributive) 用来修饰名词或代词，说明其本质或特征 名词或代词前面或后面
状语A(adverbial) 说明动作“何时、何地、如何”发生；说明形容词或副词的程度 位置灵活
几个要强调的语法点：
2. 1. 复合谓语
①由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成。如：
You may keep the book for three weeks. (情态动词may+动词原形keep做谓语)
The little girl has caught a bad cold. (助动词hast动词过去分词caught做谓语)
②由系动词加表语构成。如：
We are students now. (系动词are+名词students构成系表结构做谓语)
2. 2 主谓一致，谓语和主语在人称和数方面必须保持一致。例如：
I am reading. You are reading.
He\She is reading. We are reading.
2. 3 直接宾语和间接宾语——有些及物动词可以有两个宾语，一个指人，一个指物，指人的叫作间接宾语，指物的叫直接宾语。合称双宾。例如：
He gave me some ink . 他给了我一些墨水。
间接宾语 直接宾语
Our teacher told us an interesting story. 老师给我妈讲了一个有趣的故事。
间接宾语 直接宾语
2. 4 形容词作定语时通常放在被修饰的词之前。而介词短语、不定式短语或副词等作定语时则放在被修饰的词之后。
Winter is the coldest season of the year. （介词短语）冬天是一年中最冷的季节。
I have something important to tell you. （不定式）我有重要的事情要告诉你。
The people here are very friendly. （副词）这里的人们非常友好。
The boy who is reading needs the pen which you bought yesterday. （从句作定语）
那个在阅读的男孩需要你昨天买的钢笔。
II. 基本句子结构
句子的主要成分是主语和谓语，而充当谓语的动词有不同的种类，这就形成了英语简单句的不同句型。
1. 主语＋不及物动词(S＋V)
A bird flies.
S V
2. 主语＋及物动词＋宾语(S＋V＋O)
They like bananas.
S V O
主语＋系动词＋表语(S＋P)
This is great.
S P
拓展：英语中的连系动词有：be动词、感官动词(look,. smell，taste, feel, sound等)、表变化类动词(get, become, turn, go，grow, come等)、表保持类动词(keep, stay, remain等)。
主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语＋直接宾语 (直接宾语和间接宾 语叫作双宾语) (S＋V＋IO＋DO)
Billy brought Sam a kite.
S V IO DO
主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾补(宾语和宾补统称为复合宾语)(S＋V＋O＋C)
They found the snake dead.
S V O C
III. there be结构
there be结构是一种常见的特殊句子结构，也称之为“存在句”。
1. there be结构的构成
1） there be结构主要由“there＋be＋名词主语＋其他”构成。 There is a doctor and two nurses in the medical team.
这个医疗队由1位医生和2名护士组成。
There were no footprints to be seen.
看不见任何足迹。
拓展：① no=not a或not any, 在上述例句中等同于“not any”；②就近原则：there be结构中的谓语动词的人称和数的形式要与最近的主语保持一致。
There is a chair，and two desks in the room.
房间里有一把椅子和两张桌子。
There are two desks and a chair in the room.
房间里有两张桌子和一把椅子。
there be结构中的be有多种谓语表现形式。
There is going to be a film this weekend.
这个周末有电影。
There seems to be no suitable work for him.
看来似乎没有任何合适的工作让他去干。
There happened to be nobody in the room.
碰巧屋里无人。
there be结构中的动词be可被其他实义动词替换。
①表示存在或位置的动词，如：exist, live, stand, lie, remain等。
There stands in the Tian’anmen Square the Monument to the People’s Heroes. 天安门广场上矗立着人民英雄纪念碑。
②表示运动或方向的动词，如come, go, walk, run, flow, arrive, follow, pass等。
Suddenly there came a knock on the door. 突然传来敲门声。
③描绘某事发生或发展的动词。这类动词常见的有occur, develop, arise, appear等。
There have occurred great changes in my hometown since 1978. 1978年以来，我的家乡发生了巨大的变化。
含有情态动词的there be结构，there be结构中的谓语动词可以和情态动词连用。
There cannot be anyone in the office at this moment.
此时办公室里不可能有人。
There used to be a theatre here.
过去这里曾有一家戏院。
注意：There be结构有时和have结构可以互换使用，但有时两者有一定的区别，前者强调“某处有……”，着重“存在”的状态；后者则强调“某人有……”，着重“占有”。
There is going to be a strong wind this afternoon.
今天下午有大风。(主语为物多用there be结构)
A dog has a good nose.
狗有灵敏的鼻子。(强调所属关系，多用have)
2. there be结构的用法
1）表示人或物存在
There is a pain in my back. 我的背疼。
2）表示发生某事
There is going to be a storm tonight. 今晚将有一场暴风雨。
3）there is no. . . 结构，这些结构不表示“存在”的意义，而是用于对某一具体行为和抽象概念的否定。
There is no use(in) doing it. 干此事毫无用处。
There is no joking about such matters. 这种事开不得玩笑。
There is no saying what may happen.
很难说会发生什么事。
There is no knowing when we shall meet again.
不知何时我们能再相见。
There is no holding back the wheel of history.
历史的车轮不能倒转。
There is no doubt that he is guilty. 毫无疑问，他是有罪的
基础巩固 透析语法
I. 写出下列句子中画线部分的成分
1. After studying for another year, he managed to pass the exam, entering college in 1896. 句子谓语是？
A. studying B. managed C. pass D. Entering
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：在又学习了一年之后，他设法通过了考试，在1896年进入大学。分析句子结构可知，本句为主谓宾状结构。 he 是主语，managed是谓语，to pass the exam是宾语；After studying for another year和entering college in 1896是状语。故选B。
2. The first week was a little confusing. 以上句子中黑体加粗的是 ________.
A. 名词短语 B. 形容词短语 C. 介词短语 D. 副词短语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：第一周有点混乱。The first week为名词短语，作主语；a little confusing为形容词短语，作表语，故选A。
3. She has been a student for ten years. 句子的谓语是 ________.
A. has been B. She C. a student D. for ten years
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分分析。句意：她当了十年的学生。分析句子结构可知，主语是she；句子时态是现在完成时，谓语是has been；宾语是a student；状语是for ten days。故选A。
4. The young man offered the old man his own seat. ( )
A. 宾语 B. 定语 C. 宾语补足语 D. 表语
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：那个年轻人把自己的座位让给了老人。分析句子可知，“The young man”在句中作主语，“offered”作谓语，“the old man”作间接宾语，“his own seat”作直接宾语，故画线部分在句中作宾语。故选A项。
5. There were not many things we could do when it was raining.主句的谓语动词是？
A. were B. could C. do D. was
【答案】A
【解析】考查主句的谓语动词。句意：下雨的时候，我们能做的不多。分析句子结构可知，主句是There be句型，There were not many things we could do，句中we could do作后置定语，修饰many things。故谓语动词是were。故选A项。
6. Zhang Lei knows the destination quite well. 划线部分是什么短语？在句子中做什么成分？
A. AdjP, 定语 B. AdjP, 状语 C. AdvP, 状语 D. AdvP, 定语
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：张磊很清楚目的地。分析句子结构可知，划线部分quite well是副词短语（AdvP），在句中作状语。故选C。
7. Shenzhen Experimental School, one of the most renowned schools in Shenzhen, lies at the foot of Guanlong Mountain.
What sentence element does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (状语) B. complement (补语)
C. attributive (定语) D. appositive (同位语)
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：深圳实验学校位于 Guanlong Mountain 脚下，是深圳最著名的学校之一。分析可知，划线部分是对主语Shenzhen Experimental School的解释，所以属于同位语，故选D。
8. I enjoyed the evening when we stayed together by the sea.
What sentence element (句子成分) does the underlined part serve as
A. adverbial (状语) B. complement (补语)
C. attributive (定语) D. appositive (同位语)
【答案】. C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：我很喜欢我们一起在海边度过的那个夜晚。划线部分是什么句子成分？根据句意及所给句子可知，when we stayed together by the sea是定语从句，修饰先行词evening。故选C。
9. Please analyze the structure of the sentence; “He started an IT company after graduation.”
A. SVOC B. SVA C. SVOA D. SPA
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：毕业后他创办了一家IT公司。分析可知，He是句子主语，started是句子谓语，an IT company是宾语，after graduation是时间状语，因此句子是的结构是“主谓宾状”，即SVOA。故选C。
10. Born in the USA, Whitacre began studying music at the University of Nevada. 句子中的谓语动词是________。
A. Born B. began C. Whitacre D. Studying
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：出生在美国，惠特克内华达大学开始学习音乐。分析句子结构可知，句中Whitacre为主语，began为谓语动词，studying music 为宾语， at the University of Nevada.为地点状语，Born in the USA为过去分词作状语。故选B。
11. We will make him our monitor. (分析句子结构)
A. S+V+O B. S+V+DO+IO C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+OC
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们将让他当我们的班长。分析句子可知，“We”在句中作主语（S），“will make”作谓语（V），“him”作宾语（O），“our monitor”作宾语补足语（OC），故句子为“S+V+O+OC”结构。故选D项。
12. My father bought me a new bike last week.(分析句子结构)
A. S+V B. S+V+C C. S+V+IO+DO D. S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我爸爸上周给我买了一辆新自行车。此处主语为my father；bought为谓语；me为间接宾语；a new bike为直接宾语。属于“主谓宾宾”结构。故选C。
13. The sentence structure of “He lent me a book.” is ______
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+DO+OC D. S+V+P
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：“他借给我一本书”的句子结构是……He是主语，lent是谓语，me是间接宾语，a book是直接宾语，因此句子结构是S+V+IO+DO。故选B。
14. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”
A. SV (主+谓) B. SVO (主+谓+宾)
C. SVIO DO (主+谓+间宾+直宾) D. SVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)
【答案】D
【解析】考查基本句型和句子成分。句意：分析以下句子的结构：“我们应该保持教室干净整洁。”分析句子可知，“We”作主语，“should keep”作谓语，“the classroom”作宾语，“clean and tidy”作宾语补足语，句子为“SVOC (主+谓+宾+宾补)”结构。故选D项。
15. Choose the correct structure of this sentence “He lent me a book.”
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+P D. S+V+DO+OC
【答案】B
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：选择这个句子“He lent me a book.”的正确结构。分析句子可知，是主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语，故选B。
16. The sentence structure of “He often makes me happy" is ________.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO C. S+V+O+OC D. S+V+P
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：“他经常让我开心”的句子结构是“主谓宾宾补”。He是主语，often makes是谓语动词，me是宾语，happy是宾语补足语。故选C。
17. Analyze the structure of the following sentence: “We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.”
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们应该保持教室干净整洁。分析句子结构可知，本句的主语是we，谓语动词是should keep，宾语是the classroom，形容词clean and tidy作宾语补足语。所以整个句子的结构为主谓宾补。故选D。
18. We should keep the classroom clean and tidy.该句子结构为
A. SV B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们应该保持教室干净和整洁。A. SV主谓；B. SVO主谓宾；C. SV IO DO主谓双宾语；D. SVOC主谓宾宾补。分析句子可知，we作句子主语，should keep作谓语，the classroom作宾语，形容词clean and tidy作宾语补足语。故选D项。
19. We should remain modest and honest.该句子结构为
A. SVP B. SVO C. SV IO DO D. SVOC
【答案】A
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们应该保持谦虚和诚实。分析句子可知，remain“保持”是系动词，modest and honest是形容词作表语，故句子结构为“主系表”结构，A项主系表；B项主谓宾；C项主谓间宾直宾；D项主谓宾补。故选A。
20. The sentence structure of the sentence "You will find English easy to learn."is ________.
(S: subject V: verb O: object C: complement)
S+V+O B. S+V+O1+O2 C. S+V+O+C D. S+V
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：你会发现英语很容易学。句子主语为you，谓语动词为will find，宾语为English，to learn作宾语补足语。所以本句为主谓宾补结构。故选C。
21. The sentence"We can fly a kite in the park."shares the same structure with________.
A. She saw a white-haired man B. He gave me a smile.
C. He was friendly D. He wrote a letter in the classroom
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子结构。句意：我们可以在公园里放风筝。“We can fly a kite in the park.”这句话的句子结构是：主语+谓语+宾语+状语。A选项“She saw a white-haired man”这句话的句子结构是：主语+谓语+宾语；B选项“He gave me a smile.”这句话的句子结构是：主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语；C选项“He was friendly”这句话的句子结构是：主语+系动词+表语；D选项“He wrote a letter in the classroom”他在教室里写了一封信，这句话的句子结构也是：主语+谓语+宾语+状语。故选D。
22. At the foot of the mountain ________ many lakes. Some are large enough to hold several towns.
A. lies B. lie C. lying D. Lay
【答案】B
【解析】考查谓语动词。句意：山脚下有许多湖泊。有些大到足以容纳几个城镇。根据句意可知，此处描述客观事实，为一般现在时；空格所在句为全倒装句型，主语many lakes为名词复数，主谓一致，谓语动词用原形。故选B项。
23. “The news makes me feel very happy.” The structure of this sentence is “________”.
A. S+V+O B. S+V+IO+DO
C. S+V+P D. S+V+O+C
【答案】D
【解析】考查句子成分。分析句子结构可知，本句主语The news；谓语makes；宾语me；宾补feel very happy（此处使用省略to的动词不定式作宾补），S主语，V谓语，O宾语，P表语,IO间接宾语，DO直接宾语，C补语，故选择D项。
24. With the rapid development of science and technology, more and more people believe that environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face.该句中，主句是？
A. with the rapid development of science and technology
B. more and more people believe that...
C. environmental pollution has become a problem
D. we have to face
【答案】. B
【解析】考查宾语从句的判断和句子成分。句意：随着科学技术的迅速发展，越来越多的人认为环境污染已经成为我们必须面对的问题了。分析句子可知，“With the rapid development of science and technology”是with的复合结构，在句中作伴随状语；“more and more people”做主句中的主语，“believe ”为主句中的谓语，“environmental pollution has become a problem we have to face. ”这是that之后的宾语从句，宾语从句中包含了一个限制性定语从句，先行词是problem，关系代词that/ which做宾语，此处省略了；所以“more and more people believe that”就是主句部分。故选B项。
25.“Every morning, I hear the birds sing in the park.”中下划线部分是什么成分？
A. P B. DO C. C D. IO
【答案】C
【解析】考查句子成分。句意：每天早上，我听到鸟儿在公园里唱歌。此处主语为I，hear作谓语；the birds为宾语；sing作宾补。故选C。
II. 写出下列句子所属的类型
In other words, most of us are anxious about our future.
主语＋系动词＋表语
Our teacher showed us an impressive experiment just now.
_____________________________________
An old man was walking slowly and carefully.
_____________________________________
The girl talked about her campus life.
_____________________________________
The outgoing girl made her speech impressive.
_____________________________________
The sun was shining.
_____________________________
7. He is designing a new dress carefully.
_____________________________________
There are ten boys in the classroom.
_____________________________________
【答案】
主语＋系动词＋表语
主语＋谓语＋间接宾语＋直接宾语
主语＋谓语＋状语
主语＋谓语＋宾语
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋宾语补足语
主语＋谓语
主语＋谓语＋宾语＋状语
There be...句型
III. 根据括号内的要求把下面两句话合并成一句话。
1. We’ve painted the walls. They’re bright yellow. (用“宾语＋宾补”的形式连接两句)
_______________________________________________________________________________
2. We gave him. We gave a book. (用双宾语的形式连接两句)
______________________________________________________________________________
3. We have physics in the classroom. The classroom is new. (用new作定语的形式连接两句)
____________________________________________________________________________
4. An old man lived in the village many years ago. (用There lived. . . 改写)
________________________________________________________________________________
1. We’ve painted the walls bright yellow.
2. We gave him a book.
3. We have physics in the new classroom.
4. There lived an old man in the village many years ago.
IV. 语法主题应用
使用本单元所学句子成分和基本句型补全下面的语段
Good morning, everyone! ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (很荣幸→SP)for me to introduce myself to all of you. My name is Serena and _____ _____ _____ _____ (我十五岁了→SP).
______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我来自大连市→SVA) which is a beautiful and attractive place. I wish you can visit it and I believe that ______ ______ ______ ______ (会给你留下深刻印象→SV). English and movies are my favorites ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (它们能帮助我学习和放松→SVOC). ______ ______ ______ ______ (我喜欢交友→SVO), especially the ones who share common interests with me. And I think we can have much to share and talk about. ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ ______ (我希望能和我的朋友们一起进步→SVOA). Thank you.
【答案】
It’s a great honor; I’m fifteen years old; I come from Dalian city; you will be impressed; which can help me learn and relax; I like making friends; I hope to make progress with my friends
能力提升 突破考点
I. 高考链接之单句语法填空
My mom told me how _______ （prepare）it. （2020·新课标I）
Next I broke the eggs into a bowl and beat them quickly with ____________ （chopstick）. （2020·新课标I）
3. I love coming here and seeing my family and all the friends I ______________ (make) over the years. (2019·全国 Ⅱ)
4. They also shared with us many__________ (tradition) stories about Hawaii that were _______ (huge) popular with tourists. (2019·全国Ⅲ)
5. When the gorillas and I frightened each other, I was just glad to find ________(they) alive. (2018·全国Ⅲ)
6. Once his message was delivered, he allowed me _____________ (stay) and watch. (2018·全国Ⅲ)
7. I still remember ___________ (visit) a friend who’d lived here for five years and I___________ (shock) when I learnt she hadn’t cooked once in all that time. (2018·浙江)
【答案】
1. to prepare； 2. chopsticks 3. have made； 4. Traditional; hugely；
5. them 6. to stay 7. visiting；was shocked；
II. 根据中文完成句子。
1. 世界上许多国家正盼望着与中国进行贸易。
Many countries in the world are____________________________ trading with China
2. 不要害怕犯错误，因为没有人一直是对的。
Don't______________________ making mistakes because nobody will be right all the time
3. 越来越多的孩子喜欢和他们的父母去世界各地旅行。
More and more children like to travel______________________ with their parents.
4. 未来污染将会更少。
There will be_____________________ in the future
5. 篮球比赛获胜时，我为他们的成功感到骄傲。
I was proud of their success_______________________________ the basketball match
6. 当别人犯错误时，嘲笑他们是不礼貌的。
It’s impolite to___________________ others when they make mistakes
7. 尽管蒂姆很小，但是他至少可以说两种外语。
Although Tim is young, he can speak_______________ two foreign languages
8. 我们全家都喜欢在这家餐厅吃火锅，它以良好的服务出名。
All my family like to eat hotpot at this restaurant. It____________________ its good service.
9. 我们读的好书越多，精神方面就越富有。
The more good books we read, ________________ we will be in spirit.
10. 分发试卷前，学生们应该保持安静。
The students are supposed to keep quiet____________________________________________.
【答案】
1. looking forward to
2. be afraid of
3. around the world
4. less pollution
5. when they won
6. laugh at/make fun of
7. at least
8. is famous for
9. the richer
10. before the papers are handed out
微写作·整句翻译。
1. 帮助学生了解中国传统艺术是必要的。
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2. 他是一位多么友好的老师啊!
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3. 妈妈告诉我们不要摘花。
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4. 他完成这项任务用了好几周时间。
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5. 这些橘子多么新鲜啊!
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6. 我爸爸是一个能使别人开心的人。
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7. 这是多么有用的信息啊!
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8. 你最好鼓励你的孩子养成一个好的阅读习惯。
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9. 努力学习，你的梦想就会实现。
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10. 据说考试后我们会举办一场盛大的派对。
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11. 这辆自行车出故障了。
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12当我们有不同意见时，我们应该互相理解。
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13. 有志者，事竟成。
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14. 她是我们学校最受欢迎的老师之一。
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15. 我发现要记住所有的新单词很难。
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【答案】
1. It's necessary to help students (to) learn/know about traditional Chinese art.
2. What a friendly teacher he is！
3. My mother tells/told us not to pick flowers.
4. It took him several/a few weeks to finish the task.
5. How fresh these oranges are/What fresh oranges they are.
6. My father is a person that/who can make others happy.
7. How useful the information is/What useful information it is.
8. You'd better encourage your child to form/develop a good reading habit.
9. Work hard, and your dream will come true.
10. It is said that we will hold a great/big party after the exam.
11. There is/was something wrong with this bike/bicycle
12. When we have different ideas, we should understand each other
13. Where there is a will, there is a way.
14. She is one of the most popular teachers in our school.
15. I find it hard/difficult to remember all the new words/I find(that )it is hard/difficult to remember all the new words.
IV. 语法填空（高考必考题型）
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
About 15 years ago, Andrew McAtee, a businessman and cyclist, was riding his bike in Austin, Texas, when he thought about a friend’s son. The 12-year-old boy had never known the joy of biking because he suffered from a rare disease, a buildup of liquid in the brain _1 _ often causes imbalance.
When he got home, McAtee went online and found a three-wheel bike with a seat belt, perfect for a child _2 _ balance problems. Soon the boy was pedaling around the street with his peers, having fun and getting exercise. _3 _ there was more. “To see his son cycling with other kids,”McAtee says, “I’ll never forget the smile on his face. ”
That smile started the McAtee Family Foundation. Funded by donations, the group works with some clinics _4 _ (find) children who can benefit from owning _5 _ adaptive bike-and to help craft each bike to the particular needs of the child. The bikes are expensive-S3, 000 to S4, 000, and that’s with the foundation’s discount. For kids 6 (luck) enough to get one, they’re a life changer.
So far, the foundation _7 (give) away 450 bikes, and that’s just a start. “I do a lot of things. I run a lot of _8 _ (company),“McAtee says. “But _ 9 (get)these kids their bikes is _10 (important) thing that I do. ”
【答案】
that/which 2. with 3. But 4. to find 5. an 6. lucky
7. has given 8. companies 9. getting/to get 10. the most important
【导语】
本文是一篇记叙文。讲述了商人兼自行车运动员安德鲁·麦卡蒂在帮助朋友的孩子找一辆合适的自行车的启发下，启动了麦卡蒂家庭基金会帮助更多有特殊需求的孩子的故事。
1. 考查定语从句。句意：这位12岁的男孩从未体验过骑自行车的乐趣，因为他患有一种罕见的疾病，这种疾病是大脑中液体的积聚，经常导致失衡。分析句子结构可知，此处使用了限制性定语从句，先行词为a buildup of liquid指物，在从句中作主语，关系词使用that/which，故填that/which。
2. 考查介词。句意：回到家后，麦卡蒂上网找到了一辆带安全带的三轮自行车，非常适合有平衡问题的孩子。结合句意可知，此处想要表达的是有平衡问题的孩子，with表示“具有”符合题意，故填with。
3. 考查连词。句意：但还有更多。根据上文语境可知，男孩和同龄人一起骑车有很多好处，下文说还有更多的好处，此处使用转折连词but符合题意，位于句首，注意首字母大写，故填But。
4. 考查非谓语动词。句意：在捐款的资助下，该组织与一些诊所合作，寻找能够从拥有一辆自适应自行车中受益的儿童，并帮助制作每辆自行车以满足儿童的特殊需求。分析句子结构可知，句中已含有一个谓语动词，且没有连接词，此处使用非谓语动词，结合句意可知，此处使用不定式作目的状语符合题意，故填to find。
5. 考查冠词。句意：在捐款的资助下，该组织与一些诊所合作，寻找能够从拥有一辆自适应自行车中受益的儿童，并帮助制作每辆自行车以满足儿童的特殊需求。分析句子结构可知，bike可数名词单数表泛指，前边缺少不定冠词，adaptive以元音音素开头，要使用不定冠词an，故填an。
6. 考查形容词。句意：对于有幸得到一个的孩子来说，他们是改变生活的人。分析句子结构可知，此处使用形容词短语作后置定语，故填lucky。
7. 考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，基金会已经捐赠了450辆自行车，这只是一个开始。根据时间状语so far“到目前为止”可知，此处要使用现在完成时，主语为第三人称单数，故填has given。
8. 考查名词。句意：我经营很多公司。根据上文的a lot of可知此处要使用可数名词复数，故填companies。
9. 考查非谓语动词。句意：但让这些孩子骑自行车是我做的最重要的事情。分析句子结构可知，此处可以使用动名词或不定式作主语，故填getting/to get。
10. 考查形容词最高级。句意：但让这些孩子骑自行车是我做的最重要的事情。结合句意，可知此处想要表达的是让这些孩子骑上自行车是所有事情中最重要的事情，要使用形容词的最高级，故填the most important。
