Unit 1超前集中 词汇篇
2019人教版高考英语必修第一册
英语24字整体教学讲义
目 录
第一节 认识与记忆
逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读
第二节 透析与拓展
重点精讲 例析拓展
第三节 应用与提升
1. 分类默写 精准记忆
2. 语境实战 翻译提升
第一节 认识与记忆
逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读
（“逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读”是一种有效的高中英语词汇记忆策略。在词汇学习过程中，我们提出“一目四项”的策略，即每次学习一个单词时，我们专注于四个方面：单词拼写、音标、基本词义及词性。这种方法能帮助学习者全面地把握一个单词的各个方面，提高词汇记忆的效率和准确性。通过疯狂诵读，强化记忆）
单元词汇
disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难；灾害
tornado /t ne d / n. (pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风
drought /dra t/ n. 旱灾；久旱
landslide / l ndsla d/ n. (landfall) （山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
slide /sla d/ vi. & vt. （使）滑行；滑动
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸
flood /fl d/ n. 洪水；大量 vi 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
volcanic eruption /v l k n k 'r p n/ 火山喷发
magnitude / m gn tju d/ n. （地）震级；重大
rescue / reskju / n. & vt. 营救；救援
damage / d m d / vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
destroy /d str / vt. 摧毁；毁灭
evacuate / v kjue t/ vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n. 直升机
death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡
affect / fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
crack /kr k/ n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. 使破裂
as if / z f/ 似乎；好像；仿佛
ruin / ru n/ n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
in ruins / n 'ru nz/ 严重受损；破败不堪
percent /p 'sent/ n. 百分之... adj. & adv. 每一百中
brick /br k/ n. 砖；砖块
metal / metl/ n. 金属
shock / k/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊；
in shock / n k/ 震惊；吃惊
electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电；电能
trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬
breathe /bri / vi. & vt. 呼吸
revive /r va v/ vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒
revival /r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏
effort / ef t/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
unify / ju n fa / vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体
wisdom / w zd m/ n. 智慧；才智
context / k ntekst/ n. 上下文；语境；背景
suffer /s f / vt. 遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
volcano /v l ke n / n. (pl .-oes or -os) 火山
erupt / r pt/ vi. & vt. （火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
supply /s pla / n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给
typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风
in the open air / n p n e (r)/ 露天；在户外
hurricane / h r k n/ n. （尤指西大西洋的）飓风
survive /s va v/ vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
power / pa (r)/ n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
tap /t p/ vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
pipe /pa p/ n. 管子；管道
whistle / w sl/ vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
emergency /i m d nsi/ n. 突发事件；紧急情况
calm /kɑ m/ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静
aid /e d/ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
kit /k t/ n. 成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit /f st e d k t/ 急救箱
on hand / n h nd/ 现有（尤指帮助）
crash /kr / vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
sweep /swi p/ vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫
sweep away /swi p we / 消灭；彻底消除
wave /we v/ n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
strike /stra k/ vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
deliver /d l v (r)/ vi. & vt. 传递；传达 vt. 发表
summary / s m ri/ n. 总结；概括；概要
effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
length /le θ/ n. 长；长度
Ecuador /'ekw d (r)/ 厄瓜多尔（国家名）
Memphis / memfis/ 孟菲斯（美国城市）
Alberta / l'b t / 艾伯塔省（加拿大省份）
Colombo /k l mb u/ 科伦坡（斯里兰卡首都）
Sri Lanka /sri lɑ k / 斯里兰卡（国家名）
Indonesia / nd 'ni zj / 印度尼西亚（国家名）
Thailand /'ta l nd/ 泰国（国家名）
Malaysia /m 'le / 马来西亚（国家名）
Sumatra Island /s mɑ tr a l nd/ 苏门答腊岛
Chandra Theeravit 钱德拉·特拉维
辅音字母组合的读音（1）
辅字组 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
C c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [[]] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[] machine Chicago
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge []] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
G g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go
[] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [] guess league dialogue
[w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[] uncle thank hungry
-ng [] morning young wrong
第二节 透析与拓展
重点精讲 例析拓展
rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
（1）come to one's rescue 来援救某人
a rescue team 救援队
rescue workers 救援人员
（2）rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
[教材P48] What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood hit area
救援人员和战士正在洪灾地区做什么？
[佳句] Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The firefighters rescued five children ________________ the burning house yesterday.
②It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber ________________（rescue）.
[写美]——词汇升级
③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers saved us.
→When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers________________________________．
damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
（1）damage one's health 损害某人的健康
（2）cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害
pay the damage 赔偿损失
[教材P48] Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
首尔的哪些建筑被毁？
[佳句] It is you rather than he that are responsible for the accident.As a result, I insist on your paying for the damage.
是你而不是他对这次事故负责。 因此， 我坚持要你赔偿损失。
[写美]——一句多译
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
①As we all know, smoking can______________________________________．（damage n．）
②It is well known that smoking can __________________________________．（damage vt.）
affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
（1） affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某事
be （deeply） affected by 被（深深）打动了
（2） effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on... 对……产生影响
[教材P49] 82 killed, 500，000 affected
82人丧生，50万人受影响
[佳句] According to research, using a mobile phone before going to bed can affect your health.
根据研究， 睡前使用手机会影响你的健康。
[练通]——写出下列句中affect的含义
① Affected by the moving story, he burst into tears.________________________
② Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.________________________
③The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight.________________________
[写美]——词汇转换
④In my opinion, staying up late every day is certain to affect your health greatly.
→In my view, staying up late every day is certain to________________________________________________________．
shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
（1）take shelter from... 躲避……
（2）shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽……不/免受……的伤害
shelter from... 躲避……
[教材P49] Shelters set up by the government
政府建立的庇护所
[佳句] After the terrible earthquake, the homeless need not only food and water but also proper shelter.
可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Trees were planted to shelter this area ________________ strong sand storms.
②It is very dangerous to take shelter ________________ rain under a tree especially during a summer rainstorm.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
It's too hot, so we'd better find a tree_____________________________________________．
句型公式：too＋adj.＋to...太……而不能……
（1）“too＋adj./adv.（for sb.） to do sth.”意为“太……而不能做某事”， 表示否定意义；
（2）“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth.” 表示肯定意义。
[教材P50] Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都焦虑不安，不想进食；狗拒绝进入建筑物内。
[佳句] I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我总是很忙，没时间和她交谈。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The problem is too difficult for me ________________ （settle）.
②I am ________________ pleased to help you with your homework.
[写美]——句型转换
③I was so young that I couldn't understand the meaning of the film.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
句型公式：as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
“It seemed （to sb.） as if...”意为“（对某人来说）似乎……”。as if也可引导方式状语从句。
（1）as if从句用陈述语气：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
（2）as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时（与现在的事实相反）；
②从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）；
③从句用would/could/might do形式（与将来的事实相反）
[教材P50] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
[佳句] It seems as if everything is back to life.
似乎一切都恢复了生机。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①He talks to them as if they________________（be） children.
②He talks about Rome as if he________________（be） there before.
③ He opened his mouth as if he ________________ （say）something.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④看起来似乎他并不在乎身边的一切。
________________________________________________________________________________ he didn't care about everything around him.
ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
（1）be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪
（2）ruin one's hope/future/health
毁掉某人的希望/将来/健康
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
[教材P50] In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座巨大的城市沦为废墟。
[佳句] Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen into ruin.
经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Heavy smoking ________________（ruin） your health, so you should give up smoking.
②If you don't give up the computer games, you'll ruin ________________（you）.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。
________________________________________________________ after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.
shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
（1） a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shock 震惊地；吃惊地
（2）shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by... 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
（3）shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[教材P50] People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们惊恐万分——接着，临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
[佳句] You must get used to the new environment to deal with culture shock.
你必须适应新的环境， 以应对文化冲击。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The news ________________（shock） the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
②The news of his sudden death is so ________________ that everyone is very much ________________ at it.（shock）
③________________（shock） at the unexpected guest and gift, I was at a loss what to say.
④I looked at him ________________ shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑤然而， 当我到达山顶的时候， 我们很震惊地看到到处是垃圾。
However, when we reached the top, we________________________________________________________ litter here and there.
地震发生后不久，军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬死者。
trap vt. 使落入险境； 使陷入圈套 n. 险境； 陷阱
（1）be trapped under/in... 被困于……
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
（2）set a trap 设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套
[教材P50] Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[佳句] If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你可能会落入圈套。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①There was a power failure, so they ________________ （trap） in the lift.
②By clever questioning, they trapped him ________________ telling the truth.
[写美]——句式升级
③When the young man was trapped in the building, he felt very helpless.
→________________________________________________________，the young man felt very helpless.（改为非谓语动词作状语）
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
（1）bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
（2）
[佳句] She buried her face in hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④________________ （bury） in his study, he didn't know all the others had left.
⑤Apart from finishing my homework, I'd like to bury ________________ （I） in learning something more about the robot.
[写美]——句式升级
He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.
→⑥He sat at a wooden table, ________________________ ．（过去分词短语作状语）
→⑦He sat at a wooden table, ________________________ ．（现在分词短语作状语）
effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
make an/every effort to do sth. 尽（全）力做某事
with effort 费力地
[教材P50）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
[佳句] The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
好消息是它简单易学， 值得你付出努力。
[写美]——一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
①We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.（try）
②We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.（effort）
③We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.（effort）
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
（1）suffer from... 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻
（2）suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
（3）suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
[教材P51] What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need？你认为遭遇地震的人需要什么样的帮助？
[佳句] We all will suffer hardship in our life, but we should stick to our dream and work hard to realise it.
人生中， 我们都会遭受艰难， 但是我们应该坚持梦想， 并努力实现我们的梦想。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①A lot of money has been collected to help those ________________（suffer） from the floods.
②She received many letters of support from some cancer ________________（suffer）.
③The survivor never talked about his ________________（suffer） in the disaster.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。
It is obvious that our earth is________________________________________________________________________________．
supply n．供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
（1）in short supply 供应短缺/供应不足
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品
（2） 为某人提供某物
[教材P52] The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
[佳句] It is believed that there is a good supply of fresh water.人们认为淡水供应很充足。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①I'd like to know the reason why the milk is ________________ short supply in this area now.
②We should eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day, which supply rich and necessary vitamins ________________ us.
[写美]——一句多译
这本书会为你提供你所需要的信息。
③The book will ________________________________________________________________________________________________ （that/which） you need.
④The book will ________________________________________________________________________________________________．
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
（1）A survive B （by...） A比B活得长……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来
（2）survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
[佳句] He survived the difficulties at the beginning of his life, and finally achieved success through his own efforts.
[教材P52] She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她正在喂那个从地震中幸存的婴儿。
他挺过了早期生活中的困难， 最终， 通过自己的努力获得成功。
[练通]——单句语法填空
① I don't know how you can survive ________________ so little money.
②He died in 1940, but his wife survived him ________________ another 20 years.
③Later all the ________________ （survive）were rescued including Tom's wife.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④有些传统的风俗是从早期遗留下来的。
Some traditional customs ________________________________________________________________________．
去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的开阔区域。
power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
（1）come to power 上台；执政（动作）
be in power 执政；掌权（状态）
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力范围
do everything in/within one's power to do sth.
尽某人所能做某事
（2）powerful adj. 强有力的
[教材P53] Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.
[佳句] As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
[练通]——单句语法填空
① As your closest friend, I will do everything in my power ________________（help） you.
②We use words every day but not all of us realize their________________（power） influence.
[写美]——一句多译
他上台执政已经5年了。
③It has been five years since he_____________________________________________．
④He _____________________________ for five years.
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
（1）calm down 平静下来
calm sb. down 使某人镇定下来
（2）keep calm 保持镇静
（3）calmly 冷静地；平静地
[教材P53] Stay calm.保持冷静。
[佳句] The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. 深沉而又温柔的嗓音使这个紧张的女孩冷静下来。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①To solve the problem, parents should learn to calm ________________．
②The last thing I saw was Don's face, looking ________________ （calm） back at me.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③我们应该保持冷静， 尽力拯救我们自己， 并帮助别人。
________________________________________________________________________________________________ and try to save ourselves and help others.
aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt.帮助；援助
（1）give first aid to sb. 对某人急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
come to one's aid 帮助某人
帮助某人做某事
[佳句] With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to do first aid.
在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
[练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①I'd be very grateful if you could aid me________________ my English.
②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother________________（clean） the house.
③I couldn't speak French but a kind man________________________（帮助了我）.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④在我的英语老师的帮助下，我这学期取得了很大的进步。
________________________________________________________________________________________________ ， I have made great progress this term.
crash vi.& vt.碰撞；撞击 n．（汽车的）撞车事故；（飞机的）失事；撞击声；碰撞
（1）crash into/onto________________ 撞到……里/上
（2）with a crash 轰隆一声
[教材P54] The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday...昨日，40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲沿海地带……
[佳句] His car crashed into a tree while he was driving in the snowstorm.
当他在暴风雪中开车时， 他的车撞到了树上。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①She fell heavily and ________________（crash） her head against the side of the boat.
②The tree fell ________________ a great crash all of a sudden.
[写美]——应用文佳句
据报道许多旅客在空难中丧生了。
③It was reported that a lot of passengers _________________________________________．
wave n．海浪；波浪 v．挥手；招手；波动；起伏
wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
向某人挥手
[教材P54] Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走了。
[佳句] She refused the offer with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了这一提议。
[练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①The policeman waved the driver ________________ （stop）.
我向他挥手告别，但他不理我。
②I ________________________________________， but he ignored me.
[写美]——一句多译
公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
③He ____________________________________________as the bus drove off.（wave v．）
④He ____________________________________________as the bus drove off.（wave n．）
strike vi.& vt.（struck；struck/stricken）侵袭；突击；击打；打；撞（击）；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住；敲（钟） n．罢工；罢课；袭击
（1）It strikes/struck sb. that... 某人突然想到……
be struck by 被……打动/迷住了
strike sb. ＋介词＋the＋身体部位
打某人的某处
（2）be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
[教材P54）The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.这场海底地震发生在周日早上7点钟左右，地点在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸。
[佳句] I was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the Three Gorges.
我被三峡的自然美景深深打动了。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The boy fell, ________________（strike）his head on the edge of the table.（撞）
②A terrible earthquake________________（strike） the northern part of Peru on May 26, 2019.（侵袭）
③I'm sorry to learn from the Internet that your hometown ________________ （strike） by the tornado yesterday.
④Fortunately, a stone struck him on ________________ back, but didn't cause much injury to him.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑤我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
________________________________________________________________________________ I should pay a visit to my teacher.
句型公式：be doing sth. when...正在做某事，这时……
when在句中是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型还有：
be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时（突然）……
had just done...when... 刚做过……，这时（突然）……
[教材P54] I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
当时，我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，海水开始灌入我的家里。
[佳句] One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.有一天早晨， 他正沿着街道散步， 突然一个陌生人拦住了他。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The young man ________________ （deliver）those goods when it began to rain.
②The teenager was about to go to school ________________ he heard someone crying for help.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。
I________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ someone knocked at the door.
句型公式：make＋it＋adj./n.（宾补）＋to do/that从句
（1）在“make＋it＋adj./n.（宾补）＋（for sb.＋）to do sth./that从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句；
（2）可用于此结构的动词还有think, believe, find, consider, feel等。
[教材P54] However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，险恶的条件和受损的道路将使运送食品和物资变得困难。
[佳句] The sun gives off light and heat, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳发出光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①To make it easy ________________ （get） in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
②The new medicine makes________________ possible to treat this terrible disease.
[写美]——句型转换
③You will find that it is very nice to take a walk in the early morning.
→You will________________________ in the early morning.
deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表（演说等）；接生
（1）deliver a speech 发表演讲/致辞
deliver a baby 接生
（2）delivery n. 投递；送货； 分娩，生孩子
express delivery 快递
[佳句] The organization made every effort to deliver the medicines to the disaster area in time. 该组织尽一切努力及时将药品送到灾区。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④The express company will get all these goods ________________ （deliver） to the customers today.
⑤It's a common sight to see food ________________（deliver） workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑥大家早上好， 我很荣幸在这里发表演讲与你们分享我的梦想。
Good morning, everyone，________________________________________ here sharing my dream with you.
effect n．影响；结果；效果
（1）have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
come into effect 生效
（2）effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
effectively adv. 有效地；实际上
[佳句] The new traffic law will come into effect next month, which will have a great effect on our life. 新的交通规则将于下个月实施， 这将对我们的生活有巨大的影响。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect________________ the children.
②Many poor families have got ________________ （effect） help from local government and have improved their life greatly.
[写美]——词汇升级
③Smoking is bad for your health, so you'd better give it up.
→Smoking________________________________ your health, so you'd better give it up.
参考答案
①from ②was rescued ③came to our rescue
①do/cause damage to our health ②damage our health
①vt. 深深打动 ②vt.(疾病) 侵袭 ③vt .(疾病) 侵袭 ④have a great effect on your health
①from ②from ③to take shelter from the sun
①to settle ②too ③I was too young to understand the meaning of the film.
①were ②had been ③would say ④It seemed as if
①ruins ②yourself ③The whole city lay in ruins
①shocked ②shocking shocked ③Shocked ④in
⑤were shocked to see
①were trapped ②into ③Trapped in the building
④Buried ⑤myself ⑥buried in reading ⑦burying himself in reading
①try our best to help ②make every/an effort to help ③spare no efforts to help
①suffering ②sufferers ③suffering(s) ④suffering serious damage
①in ②to ③supply you with the information ④supply the information (that/which) you need to you
①on ②by ③survivors ④have survived from earlier times
①to help ②powerful ③came into power ④has been in power
①down ②calmly ③We should keep calm
①with ②to clean ③came to my aid ④With the aid/help of my English teacher
①crashed ②with ③were killed in the air crash
①to stop ②waved goodbye to him ③waved to/at us ④gave us a wave
①striking ②struck ③was struck ④the ⑤It suddenly struck/hit me that
①was delivering ②when ③had just come out of the kitchen when
①to get ②it ③find it very nice to take a walk ④delivered ⑤delivery ⑥I feel honored to deliver a speech
①on/upon ②effective ③has a bad effect on
第三节 应用与提升
1. 分类默写 精准记忆
阅读词汇学其意
disaster n. ______________________
drought n. ______________________
slide vi. & vt. ______________________
shelter n. ____________________ vt. ____________________vi. ___________________
context n. ______________________volcano n. ______________________
erupt vi. & vt. ______________________
typhoon n. ______________________
hurricane n. ______________________
tap vi. & vt. ______________________n. ______________________
whistle vi. ______________________vt. ________________n. ______________________
emergency n. ____________
高频词汇知其形
_____________ n. & vt. 营救；救援
_____________ vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
_____________ vt. 摧毁；毁灭
_____________ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
_____________ n. 电；电能
_____________ vt. 埋葬；安葬
_____________ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
_____________ n. 智慧；才智
_____________ n. [ pl. ] 补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt. 供应；供给
_____________ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
_____________ vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫
_____________ vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
_____________ vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
_____________ n. 总结；概括；概要
_____________ n. 影响；结果；效果
拓展词汇通变化
survive vi. 生存 存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→_____________ n. 幸存者；生还者→_____________ n. 幸存
death n. 死；死亡→_____________ adj. 无生命的
shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→_____________ adj. 令人震惊的→_____________ adj. 感到震惊的
breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→_____________ n. 呼吸；(空气的)微微流动→_____________ adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→_____________ n. 振兴；复苏
unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体→_____________ vi. & vt. 团结
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_____________ n. 折磨；苦难
erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发生→_____________ n. 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
power n. 力供应；能量；力量；控制力→_____________ adj. 强大的；有力的→_____________ adj. 无力的；没有能力的
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→_____________ adj. 有效果的
length n. 长；长度→_____________ adj. 长的
4. 高频词块明搭配
______________________ 似乎；好像；仿佛
______________________ 严重受损；破败不堪
______________________ 震惊；吃惊
______________________ 露天；在户外
______________________ 急救箱
______________________ 消灭；彻底消除
______________________ 现有(尤指帮助)
______________________建立
______________________ 火山喷发
阅读词汇学其意
disaster n. 灾难；灾害
drought n. 旱灾；久旱
slide vi. & vt. (使)滑行；滑动
shelter n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避(风雨或危险)
context n. 上下文；语境；背景
volcano n. 火山
erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出
typhoon n. 台风
hurricane n. (尤指西大西洋的)飓风
tap vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
whistle vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子(声)；呼啸声
emergency n. 突发事件；紧急情况
高频词汇知其形
rescue n. & vt. 营救；救援
damage vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
destroy vt. 摧毁；毁灭
affect vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
electricity n. 电；电能
bury vt. 埋葬；安葬
effort n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
wisdom n. 智慧；才智
supply n. [ pl. ] 补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt. 供应；供给
calm adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
sweep vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫
strike vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
deliver vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
summary n. 总结；概括；概要
effect n. 影响；结果；效果
拓展词汇通变化
survive vi. 生存 存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→survivor n. 幸存者；生还者→survival n. 幸存
death n. 死；死亡→dead adj. 无生命的
shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→shocking adj. 令人震惊的→shocked adj. 感到震惊的
breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→breath n. 呼吸；(空气的)微微流动→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→revival n. 振兴；复苏
unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体→unite vi. & vt. 团结
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→suffering n. 折磨；苦难
erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发生→eruption n. 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
power n. 力供应；能量；力量；控制力→powerful adj. 强大的；有力的→powerless adj. 无力的；没有能力的
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→effective adj. 有效果的
length n. 长；长度→long adj. 长的
高频词块明搭配
as if 似乎；好像；仿佛
in ruins 严重受损；破败不堪
in shock 震惊；吃惊
in the open air 露天；在户外
first aid kit 急救箱
sweep away 消灭；彻底消除
on hand 现有(尤指帮助)
set up 建立
volcanic eruption 火山喷发
语境实战 翻译提升
词汇语法实战演习
Ⅰ. 品句填词
Too much drinking will do __________ (损坏) to your health; you should take the doctor's advice.
I badly need this job. To tell you the truth, it would be a __________ (灾难) for me if I lost it.
More __________ (避难所) for the homeless should be built in some big cities.
Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of the __________ (旱灾) and poor harvests.
There the children can swing and __________ (滑行) and go round and round for hours.
In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after __________ (死亡) .
A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering from the __________ (洪水) .
The air in the room was so stuffy and smelly that I could hardly __________ (呼吸) .
Don't leave the lights on. It wastes __________ (电) .
Thanks to his __________ (努力) and devotion, the party turned out to be a great success.
A stone hit the window and __________ (打碎) the glass.
In this exercise, a word is blanked out and you have to guess what it is by looking at the __________ (上下文) .
Although the economy of the country has more or less __________ (复苏) , it still remains weak.
10. People collected many __________ (补给品) and sent them to the disaster area.
Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes a large __________ (补品) of baby food with her.
A volcanic __________ (喷发) buried everything in its path.
The baby was born with a heart problem and only __________ (存活) for a few hours.
The company has made no move to settle the _______ (罢工) .
Pilots were trying to repair a fault in the plane when it __________ (碰撞) .
I didn't have time to read the book, so I just read a __________ (概要) on the Internet.
II. 拓展研习
1. These old people have experienced all kinds of ______ (suffer) in their difficult times.
2. They treat me as if I ________(be) a stranger.
3. _______________ (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
4. I’m ____________(shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter.
5. It rained for two weeks on end, completely _______ (ruin) our holiday.
6. Around 540 million people _________ (affect) by second hand smoke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year.
7. _______ (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.
8. Though ________ (suffer) such a heavy loss, the boss didn’t lose the courage to go on with his business.
9. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely ________ (destroy).
10. When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was ______ nervous to say a word.
11. To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture ________ (deliver) by a professor from the UK.
12. What’s more，it is another _________ (effect) way to deal with the problem.
13. They felt it difficult _________ (finish) the work in such a short time.
14. Today the number of people learning English in China _______ (increase) rapidly.
15. A wonderful idea ______________ (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
16. The dustman _________ (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.
17. The ________ (long) of the article should be about 800 words.
18. I __________ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.
19. It was reported that as many _________ 157 people died at the air crash.
20. Several hours later, the little boy was rescued ________ the aid of the police.
III. 单句写作
她突然想到忘记锁门了。(trick)
_______ _______ _______ _______ she forgot to lock the door.
雨下了两天，引起了河水上涨。(现在分词短语做结果状语)
It has rained for two days, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
我们正在给会议做一个总结，这时突然停电了。(be doing ...... when ......)
We ________ ________ a summary of the meeting ________ there was a power failure.
一架小型飞机在该市以东5英里的山坡上坠毁，机上人员全部遇难。
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,________ all the people on board.
看到那个明星，她太兴奋了，一句话也说不出来。 (too…to…)
Seeing the famous star, she was______ ______ ______ ______.
乌云密布，看上去要下雨了。 (It looks as if…)
Dark clouds are gathering. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ rain .
每到一个地方，他都会给自己寄一张明信片。 (everywhere引导的状语从句)
_______ he goes, he ________ ________ ________ ________.
我喜欢早晨锻炼，因为空气呼吸起来很新鲜。 (sth. is＋adj.＋to do)
I like to work out in the morning, because the air is________ ________ ________ ________.
他们一起走了，留下我一个人坐在那里。 (leave＋宾语＋宾补)
They went off together and _______ ________ ________ there alone.
然而，一些课文有太多的新单词和短语，这对我们来说是一个很大的挑战。(which 引导非限制定语从句)
However, some of the texts have too many new words and expressions, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
语法填空
I. 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened. 1. __________ (smell) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became too nervous 2. __________ (eat). At 3∶42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as 3. __________ the world were coming to an end！Soon the whole city lay 4. __________ ruins and more than 400,000 people were killed or badly injured in the quake and nearly everything in the city 5. __________ (destroy). People were 6. __________ (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. Soldiers were sent to dig out those who were trapped and to bury 7. __________ dead. Workers built shelters for 8. __________ (survive). With strong support from the government and the tireless 9. __________ (effort) of the city’s people, everything improved and the city began to 10. __________ (breath) again.
II. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing. Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1. ____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2. ____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common.
Perhaps 3. ____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4. ____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it. This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5. ____________(climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb.
Mountain climbers also 6. ____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐). This tool is used for different purposes according to 7. ____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8._________(know) as crampons. Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9.__________ (connect) with the climber’s shoes. The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10. ____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged (穿入) into hard ice repeatedly. The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes.
参考答案
Ⅰ. 品句填词
damage 2. disaster 3. shelters 4. drought 5. slide 6. death
7. flood 8. breathe 9. electricity 10. effort (s) 11. cracked 12. context
13. revived 14. supplies 15. supply 16. eruption 17. survived 18. strike
19. crashed 20. summary
II. 拓展研习
sufferings 2. were 3. Trapped 4. shocked 5. ruining 6. are affected
7. Buried 8. suffering 9. destroyed 10. too 11. delivered 12. effective
to finish 14. is increasing 15. struck 16. swept 17. length 18. was having
19. a 20. with
III. 单句写作
It struck her that
causing the river to rise
were making, when
killing
too excited to speak
It looks as if it is going to
Everywhere, sends himself a postcard
so fresh to breathe
left me sitting
which is a big challenge to us
语法填空
Ⅰ. 1. Smelly 2. to eat 3. if 4. in 5. was destroyed 6. shocked 7. the 8. survivors 9. efforts 10. breathe
II. 1. from 2. though/although 3. the 4. which 5. climbers 6. usually 7. its 8. known 9. are connected 10. isUnit 1超前集中 词汇篇
2019人教版高考英语必修第一册
英语24字整体教学讲义
目 录
第一节 认识与记忆
逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读
第二节 透析与拓展
重点精讲 例析拓展
第三节 应用与提升
1. 分类默写 精准记忆
2. 语境实战 翻译提升
第一节 认识与记忆
逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读
（“逐词认读，一目四项，疯狂诵读”是一种有效的高中英语词汇记忆策略。在词汇学习过程中，我们提出“一目四项”的策略，即每次学习一个单词时，我们专注于四个方面：单词拼写、音标、基本词义及词性。这种方法能帮助学习者全面地把握一个单词的各个方面，提高词汇记忆的效率和准确性。通过疯狂诵读，强化记忆）
单元词汇
disaster /d zɑ st (r)/ n. 灾难；灾害
tornado /t ne d / n. (pl. -oes or -os) 龙卷风；旋风
drought /dra t/ n. 旱灾；久旱
landslide / l ndsla d/ n. (landfall) （山地或悬崖的）崩塌；滑坡
slide /sla d/ vi. & vt. （使）滑行；滑动
tsunami /tsu nɑ mi/ n. 海啸
flood /fl d/ n. 洪水；大量 vi 淹没；大量涌入 vt. 使灌满水；淹没
volcanic eruption /v l k n k 'r p n/ 火山喷发
magnitude / m gn tju d/ n. （地）震级；重大
rescue / reskju / n. & vt. 营救；救援
damage / d m d / vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
destroy /d str / vt. 摧毁；毁灭
evacuate / v kjue t/ vt. 疏散；撤出 vi. 撤离
helicopter / hel k pt (r)/ n. 直升机
death /deθ/ n. 死；死亡
affect / fekt/ vt. 影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
shelter / elt (r)/ n. 避难处；居所；庇护 vt. 保护；掩蔽 vi. 躲避（风雨或危险）
crack /kr k/ n. 裂纹；裂缝 vi. & vt. 使破裂
as if / z f/ 似乎；好像；仿佛
ruin / ru n/ n. & vt. 破坏；毁坏
in ruins / n 'ru nz/ 严重受损；破败不堪
percent /p 'sent/ n. 百分之... adj. & adv. 每一百中
brick /br k/ n. 砖；砖块
metal / metl/ n. 金属
shock / k/ n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊；
in shock / n k/ 震惊；吃惊
electricity / lek tr s ti/ n. 电；电能
trap /tr p/ vt. 使落入险境；使陷入圈套 n. 险境；陷阱
bury / beri/ vt. 埋葬；安葬
breathe /bri / vi. & vt. 呼吸
revive /r va v/ vi. & vt. 复活；（使）苏醒
revival /r va vl/ n. 振兴；复苏
effort / ef t/ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
unify / ju n fa / vi. & vt. 统一；（使）成一体
wisdom / w zd m/ n. 智慧；才智
context / k ntekst/ n. 上下文；语境；背景
suffer /s f / vt. 遭受；蒙受vi.(因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
volcano /v l ke n / n. (pl .-oes or -os) 火山
erupt / r pt/ vi. & vt. （火山）爆发；（岩浆、烟等）喷出
supply /s pla / n. 供应（量）；补给；[pl.] 补给品 vt. 供应；供给
typhoon /ta fu n/ n. 台风
in the open air / n p n e (r)/ 露天；在户外
hurricane / h r k n/ n. （尤指西大西洋的）飓风
survive /s va v/ vi. 生存；存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过
power / pa (r)/ n. 电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
tap /t p/ vi. & vt. 轻叩；轻敲；轻拍 n. 水龙头；轻叩；轻敲
pipe /pa p/ n. 管子；管道
whistle / w sl/ vi. 吹口哨；发出笛声 vt. 吹口哨 n. 哨子（声）；呼啸声
emergency /i m d nsi/ n. 突发事件；紧急情况
calm /kɑ m/ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静
aid /e d/ n. 援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt. (formal) 帮助；援助
kit /k t/ n. 成套工具；成套设备
first aid kit /f st e d k t/ 急救箱
on hand / n h nd/ 现有（尤指帮助）
crash /kr / vt. & vi. 碰撞；撞击 n. 撞车；碰撞
sweep /swi p/ vt. & vi. (swept, swept) 打扫；清扫
sweep away /swi p we / 消灭；彻底消除
wave /we v/ n. 海浪；波浪 vi. & vt. 挥手；招手
strike /stra k/ vi. & vt. ( struck, struck/stricken ) 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
deliver /d l v (r)/ vi. & vt. 传递；传达 vt. 发表
summary / s m ri/ n. 总结；概括；概要
effect / fekt/ n. 影响；结果；效果
length /le θ/ n. 长；长度
Ecuador /'ekw d (r)/ 厄瓜多尔（国家名）
Memphis / memfis/ 孟菲斯（美国城市）
Alberta / l'b t / 艾伯塔省（加拿大省份）
Colombo /k l mb u/ 科伦坡（斯里兰卡首都）
Sri Lanka /sri lɑ k / 斯里兰卡（国家名）
Indonesia / nd 'ni zj / 印度尼西亚（国家名）
Thailand /'ta l nd/ 泰国（国家名）
Malaysia /m 'le / 马来西亚（国家名）
Sumatra Island /s mɑ tr a l nd/ 苏门答腊岛
Chandra Theeravit 钱德拉·特拉维
辅音字母组合的读音（1）
辅字组 读 音 例 词
b [b] bike bus bag
[/] bomb tomb
C c在e前或在i/y前 [k] cake picture coat music
[s] face decide cinema
ch [[]] much chick rich teacher
[k] school headache chemistry
[] machine Chicago
-ck [k] cock pocket black knock
d [d] doctor bread hand day
-dge []] bridge fridge
dr- [dr] children driver drink
f [f] five four breakfast
G g在e i/y前 [] bag gardon go
[] orange large German
gh [f] cough enough
[/] light daughter high
gu- -gue gu在非重读音节中 [] guess league dialogue
[w] language anguish
h [h] hot head house hand
[/] hour honest
j [] jeep jar joke join July
k [k] kind bike skate make week
kn- [n] knife know knock
l [l] life milk school tall
m [m] monkey come autumn
-mn [m] autumn column solemn
n n在[k] [g]音前 [n] not shine ten note
[] uncle thank hungry
-ng [] morning young wrong
第二节 透析与拓展
重点精讲 例析拓展
rescue n．& vt.营救；救援
（1）come to one's rescue 来援救某人
a rescue team 救援队
rescue workers 救援人员
（2）rescue...from... 把……从……营救出来
[教材P48] What are the rescue workers and soldiers doing in the flood hit area
救援人员和战士正在洪灾地区做什么？
[佳句] Some of the rescue workers and doctors were trapped under the ruins.
有些救援人员和医生被困在废墟下面。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The firefighters rescued five children ________________ the burning house yesterday.
②It was with the help of the local guide that the mountain climber ________________（rescue）.
[写美]——词汇升级
③When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers saved us.
→When we were trapped in the ruins, the soldiers________________________________．
damage vt.损害；破坏 n．损坏；损失
（1）damage one's health 损害某人的健康
（2）cause/do damage to... 对……造成损害
pay the damage 赔偿损失
[教材P48] Which buildings were damaged in Seoul
首尔的哪些建筑被毁？
[佳句] It is you rather than he that are responsible for the accident.As a result, I insist on your paying for the damage.
是你而不是他对这次事故负责。 因此， 我坚持要你赔偿损失。
[写美]——一句多译
众所周知，抽烟会损害我们的健康。
①As we all know, smoking can______________________________________．（damage n．）
②It is well known that smoking can __________________________________．（damage vt.）
affect vt.影响；（疾病）侵袭；深深打动
（1） affect sb./sth. 影响某人/某事
be （deeply） affected by 被（深深）打动了
（2） effect n. 作用；影响
have an effect on... 对……产生影响
[教材P49] 82 killed, 500，000 affected
82人丧生，50万人受影响
[佳句] According to research, using a mobile phone before going to bed can affect your health.
根据研究， 睡前使用手机会影响你的健康。
[练通]——写出下列句中affect的含义
① Affected by the moving story, he burst into tears.________________________
② Diseases affect almost everyone at some time during their lives.________________________
③The disease is beginning to affect his eyesight.________________________
[写美]——词汇转换
④In my opinion, staying up late every day is certain to affect your health greatly.
→In my view, staying up late every day is certain to________________________________________________________．
shelter n．避难处；居所；庇护 vt.保护；掩蔽 vi.躲避（风雨或危险）
（1）take shelter from... 躲避……
（2）shelter...from... 保护/遮蔽……不/免受……的伤害
shelter from... 躲避……
[教材P49] Shelters set up by the government
政府建立的庇护所
[佳句] After the terrible earthquake, the homeless need not only food and water but also proper shelter.
可怕的地震过后，无家可归的人不仅需要食物和水，还需要合适的住所。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Trees were planted to shelter this area ________________ strong sand storms.
②It is very dangerous to take shelter ________________ rain under a tree especially during a summer rainstorm.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③太热了，我们最好找棵大树来遮阳。
It's too hot, so we'd better find a tree_____________________________________________．
句型公式：too＋adj.＋to...太……而不能……
（1）“too＋adj./adv.（for sb.） to do sth.”意为“太……而不能做某事”， 表示否定意义；
（2）“too＋glad/pleased/willing/delighted/anxious to do sth.” 表示肯定意义。
[教材P50] Chickens and even pigs were too nervous to eat, and dogs refused to go inside buildings.鸡甚至猪都焦虑不安，不想进食；狗拒绝进入建筑物内。
[佳句] I'm always too busy to carry on a conversation with her.
我总是很忙，没时间和她交谈。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The problem is too difficult for me ________________ （settle）.
②I am ________________ pleased to help you with your homework.
[写美]——句型转换
③I was so young that I couldn't understand the meaning of the film.
→________________________________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________
句型公式：as if＝as though “仿佛；好像”，可用来引导表语从句
“It seemed （to sb.） as if...”意为“（对某人来说）似乎……”。as if也可引导方式状语从句。
（1）as if从句用陈述语气：
从句表示的情况是真实的或极有可能发生的。
（2）as if从句用虚拟语气：
①从句用一般过去时（与现在的事实相反）；
②从句用过去完成时（与过去的事实相反）；
③从句用would/could/might do形式（与将来的事实相反）
[教材P50] It seemed as if the world were coming to an end！仿佛世界末日即将来临！
[佳句] It seems as if everything is back to life.
似乎一切都恢复了生机。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①He talks to them as if they________________（be） children.
②He talks about Rome as if he________________（be） there before.
③ He opened his mouth as if he ________________ （say）something.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④看起来似乎他并不在乎身边的一切。
________________________________________________________________________________ he didn't care about everything around him.
ruin n．& vt.破坏；毁坏
（1）be/lie in ruins 成为废墟；毁灭
fall into ruin 成为废墟；破败不堪
（2）ruin one's hope/future/health
毁掉某人的希望/将来/健康
ruin oneself 自我毁灭
[教材P50] In less than one minute, a large city lay in ruins.
在不到一分钟的时间里，一座巨大的城市沦为废墟。
[佳句] Having gone through two world wars, the castle has fallen into ruin.
经历了两次世界大战，那座城堡已经破败不堪了。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①Heavy smoking ________________（ruin） your health, so you should give up smoking.
②If you don't give up the computer games, you'll ruin ________________（you）.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③地震之后整个城市成了一片废墟，这让我们彻夜难眠。
________________________________________________________ after the earthquake, which made us awake all night.
shock n．震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt.（使）震惊
（1） a great shock to sb. 对某人来说是极大的震惊
in shock 震惊地；吃惊地
（2）shocked adj. 震惊的；惊讶的
be shocked at/by... 对……吃惊
be shocked to do sth. 做某事很吃惊
（3）shocking adj. 令人震惊的
[教材P50] People were in shock—and then, later that afternoon, another big quake shook Tangshan again.人们惊恐万分——接着，临近傍晚时分，又一次强烈的地震撼动唐山。
[佳句] You must get used to the new environment to deal with culture shock.
你必须适应新的环境， 以应对文化冲击。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The news ________________（shock） the public, leading to great concern about students' safety at school.
②The news of his sudden death is so ________________ that everyone is very much ________________ at it.（shock）
③________________（shock） at the unexpected guest and gift, I was at a loss what to say.
④I looked at him ________________ shock, waiting for him to tell me that I had misunderstood everything.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑤然而， 当我到达山顶的时候， 我们很震惊地看到到处是垃圾。
However, when we reached the top, we________________________________________________________ litter here and there.
地震发生后不久，军队派出了15万名士兵前往唐山，搜救被困人员并埋葬死者。
trap vt. 使落入险境； 使陷入圈套 n. 险境； 陷阱
（1）be trapped under/in... 被困于……
trap sb. into doing sth. 诱骗某人做某事
（2）set a trap 设置陷阱/布下圈套
fall into a trap 落入圈套
[教材P50] Soon after the quakes, the army sent 150，000 soldiers to Tangshan to dig out those who were trapped and to bury the dead.
[佳句] If you choose this way, you're likely to fall into a trap.
如果你选择这条路，你可能会落入圈套。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①There was a power failure, so they ________________ （trap） in the lift.
②By clever questioning, they trapped him ________________ telling the truth.
[写美]——句式升级
③When the young man was trapped in the building, he felt very helpless.
→________________________________________________________，the young man felt very helpless.（改为非谓语动词作状语）
bury vt.埋葬；安葬；掩埋；使沉浸；使专心
（1）bury...in... 把……埋到……里
bury one's face in hands 双手掩面
（2）
[佳句] She buried her face in hands and wept when she heard the bad news.
当她听到那个坏消息时，她掩面而泣。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④________________ （bury） in his study, he didn't know all the others had left.
⑤Apart from finishing my homework, I'd like to bury ________________ （I） in learning something more about the robot.
[写美]——句式升级
He sat at a wooden table and was buried in reading.
→⑥He sat at a wooden table, ________________________ ．（过去分词短语作状语）
→⑦He sat at a wooden table, ________________________ ．（现在分词短语作状语）
effort n．努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
spare no effort to do sth. 不遗余力地做某事
make an/every effort to do sth. 尽（全）力做某事
with effort 费力地
[教材P50）With strong support from the government and the tireless efforts of the city's people, a new Tangshan was built upon the earthquake ruins.
在政府的大力支持以及唐山人民的不懈努力下，一座新的唐山在废墟中被建立起来。
[佳句] The good news is that it's simple to learn and can be worth the effort.
好消息是它简单易学， 值得你付出努力。
[写美]——一句多译
我们将竭尽全力帮助你，但你必须做好迎接各种困难的准备。
①We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.（try）
②We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.（effort）
③We'll ________________________________ you, but you must get prepared to meet all kinds of difficulties.（effort）
suffer vt.遭受；蒙受 vi.（因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等）受苦
（1）suffer from... 患……病；因……而受苦
suffer from cold and hunger 忍饥挨冻
（2）suffer losses/pains 遭受损失/痛苦
（3）suffering n. 苦难，痛苦
sufferer n. 受难者
[教材P51] What kind of help do you think people who have suffered an earthquake need？你认为遭遇地震的人需要什么样的帮助？
[佳句] We all will suffer hardship in our life, but we should stick to our dream and work hard to realise it.
人生中， 我们都会遭受艰难， 但是我们应该坚持梦想， 并努力实现我们的梦想。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①A lot of money has been collected to help those ________________（suffer） from the floods.
②She received many letters of support from some cancer ________________（suffer）.
③The survivor never talked about his ________________（suffer） in the disaster.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④很明显，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。
It is obvious that our earth is________________________________________________________________________________．
supply n．供应（量）；补给；[pl.]补给品 vt.供应；供给
（1）in short supply 供应短缺/供应不足
have a good supply of... 备有许多……
school/medical supplies 学校用品/医疗用品
（2） 为某人提供某物
[教材P52] The supplies which were provided to the disaster area were collected from around the country.向灾区提供的物资是从全国各地收集来的。
[佳句] It is believed that there is a good supply of fresh water.人们认为淡水供应很充足。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①I'd like to know the reason why the milk is ________________ short supply in this area now.
②We should eat fresh vegetables and fruit every day, which supply rich and necessary vitamins ________________ us.
[写美]——一句多译
这本书会为你提供你所需要的信息。
③The book will ________________________________________________________________________________________________ （that/which） you need.
④The book will ________________________________________________________________________________________________．
survive vi.生存；存活 vt.幸存；艰难度过
（1）A survive B （by...） A比B活得长……
survive on 依靠……生存下来
survive from 从……存活下来，流传下来
（2）survivor n. 幸存者
survival n. [U]幸存；[C]残存物
[佳句] He survived the difficulties at the beginning of his life, and finally achieved success through his own efforts.
[教材P52] She's feeding the baby who survived the earthquake.她正在喂那个从地震中幸存的婴儿。
他挺过了早期生活中的困难， 最终， 通过自己的努力获得成功。
[练通]——单句语法填空
① I don't know how you can survive ________________ so little money.
②He died in 1940, but his wife survived him ________________ another 20 years.
③Later all the ________________ （survive）were rescued including Tom's wife.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④有些传统的风俗是从早期遗留下来的。
Some traditional customs ________________________________________________________________________．
去一个远离建筑物、树木或电线的开阔区域。
power n．电力供应；能量；力量；控制力
（1）come to power 上台；执政（动作）
be in power 执政；掌权（状态）
beyond one's power 超出某人的能力范围
do everything in/within one's power to do sth.
尽某人所能做某事
（2）powerful adj. 强有力的
[教材P53] Go to an open space away from buildings, trees, or power lines.
[佳句] As is known to us, knowledge is power.
众所周知，知识就是力量。
[练通]——单句语法填空
① As your closest friend, I will do everything in my power ________________（help） you.
②We use words every day but not all of us realize their________________（power） influence.
[写美]——一句多译
他上台执政已经5年了。
③It has been five years since he_____________________________________________．
④He _____________________________ for five years.
calm adj.镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
（1）calm down 平静下来
calm sb. down 使某人镇定下来
（2）keep calm 保持镇静
（3）calmly 冷静地；平静地
[教材P53] Stay calm.保持冷静。
[佳句] The deep, gentle voice helped calm the nervous girl. 深沉而又温柔的嗓音使这个紧张的女孩冷静下来。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①To solve the problem, parents should learn to calm ________________．
②The last thing I saw was Don's face, looking ________________ （calm） back at me.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③我们应该保持冷静， 尽力拯救我们自己， 并帮助别人。
________________________________________________________________________________________________ and try to save ourselves and help others.
aid n．援助；帮助；救援物资 vi. & vt.帮助；援助
（1）give first aid to sb. 对某人急救
with the aid of... 在……的帮助下
come to one's aid 帮助某人
帮助某人做某事
[佳句] With the aid of our teachers, we learned how to do first aid.
在我们老师的帮助下，我们学会了如何进行急救。
[练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①I'd be very grateful if you could aid me________________ my English.
②He is so kind a boy that he often aids his mother________________（clean） the house.
③I couldn't speak French but a kind man________________________（帮助了我）.
[写美]——应用文佳句
④在我的英语老师的帮助下，我这学期取得了很大的进步。
________________________________________________________________________________________________ ， I have made great progress this term.
crash vi.& vt.碰撞；撞击 n．（汽车的）撞车事故；（飞机的）失事；撞击声；碰撞
（1）crash into/onto________________ 撞到……里/上
（2）with a crash 轰隆一声
[教材P54] The most powerful earthquake in the past 40 years caused a tsunami that crashed into coastlines across Asia yesterday...昨日，40年来最强烈的地震引发的海啸袭击了亚洲沿海地带……
[佳句] His car crashed into a tree while he was driving in the snowstorm.
当他在暴风雪中开车时， 他的车撞到了树上。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①She fell heavily and ________________（crash） her head against the side of the boat.
②The tree fell ________________ a great crash all of a sudden.
[写美]——应用文佳句
据报道许多旅客在空难中丧生了。
③It was reported that a lot of passengers _________________________________________．
wave n．海浪；波浪 v．挥手；招手；波动；起伏
wave goodbye to sb. 向某人挥手告别
向某人挥手
[教材P54] Fishermen, tourists, hotels, homes, and cars were swept away by huge waves caused by the strong earthquake that reached a magnitude of 9.0.渔民、游客、酒店、住房和汽车都被9.0级强震引发的巨浪卷走了。
[佳句] She refused the offer with a wave of her hand.她摆摆手拒绝了这一提议。
[练通]——单句语法填空/补全句子
①The policeman waved the driver ________________ （stop）.
我向他挥手告别，但他不理我。
②I ________________________________________， but he ignored me.
[写美]——一句多译
公共汽车开走时，他向我们挥了挥手。
③He ____________________________________________as the bus drove off.（wave v．）
④He ____________________________________________as the bus drove off.（wave n．）
strike vi.& vt.（struck；struck/stricken）侵袭；突击；击打；打；撞（击）；罢工；突然想到；打动，迷住；敲（钟） n．罢工；罢课；袭击
（1）It strikes/struck sb. that... 某人突然想到……
be struck by 被……打动/迷住了
strike sb. ＋介词＋the＋身体部位
打某人的某处
（2）be on strike 在罢工
go on strike 举行罢工
[教材P54）The undersea quake struck around 7：00 a．m., Sunday off the west coast of Indonesia's Sumatra Island.这场海底地震发生在周日早上7点钟左右，地点在印度尼西亚苏门答腊岛西海岸。
[佳句] I was deeply struck by the natural beauty of the Three Gorges.
我被三峡的自然美景深深打动了。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The boy fell, ________________（strike）his head on the edge of the table.（撞）
②A terrible earthquake________________（strike） the northern part of Peru on May 26, 2019.（侵袭）
③I'm sorry to learn from the Internet that your hometown ________________ （strike） by the tornado yesterday.
④Fortunately, a stone struck him on ________________ back, but didn't cause much injury to him.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑤我突然想到，我应该拜访我的老师。
________________________________________________________________________________ I should pay a visit to my teacher.
句型公式：be doing sth. when...正在做某事，这时……
when在句中是并列连词，表示“正在那时，这时”，常用句型还有：
be about to do...when... 正要做……，这时（突然）……
had just done...when... 刚做过……，这时（突然）……
[教材P54] I was having breakfast with my three children when water started filling my home.
当时，我和我的三个孩子正在吃早餐，海水开始灌入我的家里。
[佳句] One morning he was walking along the street when a stranger stopped him.有一天早晨， 他正沿着街道散步， 突然一个陌生人拦住了他。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①The young man ________________ （deliver）those goods when it began to rain.
②The teenager was about to go to school ________________ he heard someone crying for help.
[写美]——应用文佳句
③我刚从厨房出来，就有人敲门。
I________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ someone knocked at the door.
句型公式：make＋it＋adj./n.（宾补）＋to do/that从句
（1）在“make＋it＋adj./n.（宾补）＋（for sb.＋）to do sth./that从句”结构中，it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是后面的不定式或that从句；
（2）可用于此结构的动词还有think, believe, find, consider, feel等。
[教材P54] However, dangerous conditions and damaged roads will make it difficult to deliver food and supplies.然而，险恶的条件和受损的道路将使运送食品和物资变得困难。
[佳句] The sun gives off light and heat, which makes it possible for plants to grow.
太阳发出光和热，这使得植物生长成为可能。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①To make it easy ________________ （get） in touch with us, you'd better keep this card at hand.
②The new medicine makes________________ possible to treat this terrible disease.
[写美]——句型转换
③You will find that it is very nice to take a walk in the early morning.
→You will________________________ in the early morning.
deliver vt.& vi.递送；传达 vt.发表（演说等）；接生
（1）deliver a speech 发表演讲/致辞
deliver a baby 接生
（2）delivery n. 投递；送货； 分娩，生孩子
express delivery 快递
[佳句] The organization made every effort to deliver the medicines to the disaster area in time. 该组织尽一切努力及时将药品送到灾区。
[练通]——单句语法填空
④The express company will get all these goods ________________ （deliver） to the customers today.
⑤It's a common sight to see food ________________（deliver） workers riding electric bikes through big cities in China.
[写美]——应用文佳句
⑥大家早上好， 我很荣幸在这里发表演讲与你们分享我的梦想。
Good morning, everyone，________________________________________ here sharing my dream with you.
effect n．影响；结果；效果
（1）have an effect on/upon 对……产生影响
come into effect 生效
（2）effective adj. 有效的；有影响的
effectively adv. 有效地；实际上
[佳句] The new traffic law will come into effect next month, which will have a great effect on our life. 新的交通规则将于下个月实施， 这将对我们的生活有巨大的影响。
[练通]——单句语法填空
①There is no doubt that reading books can have a good effect________________ the children.
②Many poor families have got ________________ （effect） help from local government and have improved their life greatly.
[写美]——词汇升级
③Smoking is bad for your health, so you'd better give it up.
→Smoking________________________________ your health, so you'd better give it up.
第三节 应用与提升
1. 分类默写 精准记忆
阅读词汇学其意
disaster n. ______________________
drought n. ______________________
slide vi. & vt. ______________________
shelter n. ____________________ vt. ____________________vi. ___________________
context n. ______________________volcano n. ______________________
erupt vi. & vt. ______________________
typhoon n. ______________________
hurricane n. ______________________
tap vi. & vt. ______________________n. ______________________
whistle vi. ______________________vt. ________________n. ______________________
emergency n. ____________
高频词汇知其形
_____________ n. & vt. 营救；救援
_____________ vt. 损害；破坏 n. 损坏；损失
_____________ vt. 摧毁；毁灭
_____________ vt. 影响；(疾病)侵袭；深深打动
_____________ n. 电；电能
_____________ vt. 埋葬；安葬
_____________ n. 努力；艰难的尝试；尽力
_____________ n. 智慧；才智
_____________ n. [ pl. ] 补给品；供应(量)；补给 vt. 供应；供给
_____________ adj. 镇静的；沉着的 vt. 使平静；使镇静
_____________ vt. & vi. 打扫；清扫
_____________ vi. & vt. 侵袭；突击；击打 n. 罢工；罢课；袭击
_____________ vt. & vi. 递送；传达 vt. 发表
_____________ n. 总结；概括；概要
_____________ n. 影响；结果；效果
拓展词汇通变化
survive vi. 生存 存活 vt. 幸存；艰难度过→_____________ n. 幸存者；生还者→_____________ n. 幸存
death n. 死；死亡→_____________ adj. 无生命的
shock n. 震惊；令人震惊的事；休克 vt. (使)震惊→_____________ adj. 令人震惊的→_____________ adj. 感到震惊的
breathe vi. & vt. 呼吸→_____________ n. 呼吸；(空气的)微微流动→_____________ adj. 气喘吁吁的；屏息的
revive vt. & vi. 复活；(使)苏醒→_____________ n. 振兴；复苏
unify vi. & vt. 统一；(使)成一体→_____________ vi. & vt. 团结
suffer vt. 遭受；蒙受 vi. (因疾病、痛苦、悲伤等)受苦→_____________ n. 折磨；苦难
erupt vi. & vt. (火山)爆发；(岩浆、烟等)喷出；突然发生→_____________ n. 火山爆发；(战争等)爆发
power n. 力供应；能量；力量；控制力→_____________ adj. 强大的；有力的→_____________ adj. 无力的；没有能力的
effect n. 影响；结果；效果→_____________ adj. 有效果的
length n. 长；长度→_____________ adj. 长的
4. 高频词块明搭配
______________________ 似乎；好像；仿佛
______________________ 严重受损；破败不堪
______________________ 震惊；吃惊
______________________ 露天；在户外
______________________ 急救箱
______________________ 消灭；彻底消除
______________________ 现有(尤指帮助)
______________________建立
______________________ 火山喷发
语境实战 翻译提升
词汇语法实战演习
Ⅰ. 品句填词
Too much drinking will do __________ (损坏) to your health; you should take the doctor's advice.
I badly need this job. To tell you the truth, it would be a __________ (灾难) for me if I lost it.
More __________ (避难所) for the homeless should be built in some big cities.
Millions of people are suffering from starvation as a result of the __________ (旱灾) and poor harvests.
There the children can swing and __________ (滑行) and go round and round for hours.
In ancient times, people believed that they could be brought back to life after __________ (死亡) .
A great deal of money has been collected to help those suffering from the __________ (洪水) .
The air in the room was so stuffy and smelly that I could hardly __________ (呼吸) .
Don't leave the lights on. It wastes __________ (电) .
Thanks to his __________ (努力) and devotion, the party turned out to be a great success.
A stone hit the window and __________ (打碎) the glass.
In this exercise, a word is blanked out and you have to guess what it is by looking at the __________ (上下文) .
Although the economy of the country has more or less __________ (复苏) , it still remains weak.
10. People collected many __________ (补给品) and sent them to the disaster area.
Whenever she goes out with her baby, she always takes a large __________ (补品) of baby food with her.
A volcanic __________ (喷发) buried everything in its path.
The baby was born with a heart problem and only __________ (存活) for a few hours.
The company has made no move to settle the _______ (罢工) .
Pilots were trying to repair a fault in the plane when it __________ (碰撞) .
I didn't have time to read the book, so I just read a __________ (概要) on the Internet.
II. 拓展研习
1. These old people have experienced all kinds of ______ (suffer) in their difficult times.
2. They treat me as if I ________(be) a stranger.
3. _______________ (trap) in the ruins, the girl still held a positive attitude.
4. I’m ____________(shock) at his determined attitude towards this matter.
5. It rained for two weeks on end, completely _______ (ruin) our holiday.
6. Around 540 million people _________ (affect) by second hand smoke, which causes 100，000 deaths per year.
7. _______ (bury) under the ruins, the little girl was rather frightened.
8. Though ________ (suffer) such a heavy loss, the boss didn’t lose the courage to go on with his business.
9. The earthquake was so big that most of the houses in the small village were completely ________ (destroy).
10. When it was my turn to express my opinion, I was ______ nervous to say a word.
11. To help students deal with their mental problems, we will hold a lecture ________ (deliver) by a professor from the UK.
12. What’s more，it is another _________ (effect) way to deal with the problem.
13. They felt it difficult _________ (finish) the work in such a short time.
14. Today the number of people learning English in China _______ (increase) rapidly.
15. A wonderful idea ______________ (strike) me suddenly when I was walking on the street.
16. The dustman _________ (sweep) up all the fallen leaves on this street yesterday.
17. The ________ (long) of the article should be about 800 words.
18. I __________ (have) a discussion with my friend about how to improve my English when my mother called me.
19. It was reported that as many _________ 157 people died at the air crash.
20. Several hours later, the little boy was rescued ________ the aid of the police.
III. 单句写作
她突然想到忘记锁门了。(trick)
_______ _______ _______ _______ she forgot to lock the door.
雨下了两天，引起了河水上涨。(现在分词短语做结果状语)
It has rained for two days, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
我们正在给会议做一个总结，这时突然停电了。(be doing ...... when ......)
We ________ ________ a summary of the meeting ________ there was a power failure.
一架小型飞机在该市以东5英里的山坡上坠毁，机上人员全部遇难。
A small plane crashed into a hillside five miles east of the city,________ all the people on board.
看到那个明星，她太兴奋了，一句话也说不出来。 (too…to…)
Seeing the famous star, she was______ ______ ______ ______.
乌云密布，看上去要下雨了。 (It looks as if…)
Dark clouds are gathering. ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ rain .
每到一个地方，他都会给自己寄一张明信片。 (everywhere引导的状语从句)
_______ he goes, he ________ ________ ________ ________.
我喜欢早晨锻炼，因为空气呼吸起来很新鲜。 (sth. is＋adj.＋to do)
I like to work out in the morning, because the air is________ ________ ________ ________.
他们一起走了，留下我一个人坐在那里。 (leave＋宾语＋宾补)
They went off together and _______ ________ ________ there alone.
然而，一些课文有太多的新单词和短语，这对我们来说是一个很大的挑战。(which 引导非限制定语从句)
However, some of the texts have too many new words and expressions, ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
语法填空
I. 根据课文内容，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Strange things happened before Tangshan Earthquake happened. 1. __________ (smell) gas came out from the cracks of wells and animals became too nervous 2. __________ (eat). At 3∶42 on the morning of 28 July, 1976, everything began to shake. It seemed as 3. __________ the world were coming to an end！Soon the whole city lay 4. __________ ruins and more than 400,000 people were killed or badly injured in the quake and nearly everything in the city 5. __________ (destroy). People were 6. __________ (shock) at this and wondered how long the disaster would last. Soldiers were sent to dig out those who were trapped and to bury 7. __________ dead. Workers built shelters for 8. __________ (survive). With strong support from the government and the tireless 9. __________ (effort) of the city’s people, everything improved and the city began to 10. __________ (breath) again.
II. 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Mountain climbing is a sport different from rock climbing. Mountain climbing equipment therefore differs 1. ____________ rock climbing equipment sometimes, 2. ____________ the two sports do have many pieces of equipment in common.
Perhaps 3. ____________ most common piece of mountain climbing equipment is the carabiner, 4. ____________ is a metal hook(挂钩) with a gate that opens and closes to make a rope through it. This piece of equipment is used for a variety of purposes, and most 5. ____________(climber) have several carabiners on hand during a climb.
Mountain climbers also 6. ____________(usual) use a tool called an ice axe(冰镐). This tool is used for different purposes according to 7. ____________(it) design: some ice axes are designed for climbing pieces of ice, and they are used together with another piece of mountain climbing equipment 8._________(know) as crampons. Crampons have sharp metal teeth that 9.__________ (connect) with the climber’s shoes. The ice axes used for climbing often feature a bend in the handle, and people often choose the ice axe that 10. ____________(be) narrow and strong enough to be plunged (穿入) into hard ice repeatedly. The teeth of the crampon are also narrow and quite hard for the same purposes.
