24.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之欧亚松鸦拥有长期记忆的能力 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之新书《赴宴邀请》，以及她对中国菜肴的看法 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之热爱打鼓却握不住鼓槌，工程团队为其设计3D假肢，助她逐梦 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之孟加拉国居民所遭受的健康困扰 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之历山大·冯·洪堡的生平及其对自然科学的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解试题中说明文的命题有其独特规律，以下是其特点：
设题特点
细节理解题为主：通常会有较多的细节理解题，考查考生对文中具体信息的准确把握，如某个科学现象的特征、某种技术的工作原理、某项研究的具体数据等，要求考生能够在文中找到对应的信息并进行细致比对。
推理判断题有深度：会设置一些推理判断题，要求考生根据文章提供的信息进行合理推断，如推断某个现象的原因、某种技术的发展趋势、作者对某一观点的潜在态度等，考查考生的逻辑思维和分析能力。
主旨大意题综合：主旨大意题可能要求考生概括文章的中心思想、最佳标题或段落大意等，需要考生从整体上把握文章内容，提炼出核心观点，对考生的综合归纳能力有一定要求。
词义猜测题灵活：会针对文中的一些专业词汇、生僻词汇或短语设置词义猜测题，考生需要结合上下文语境、句子结构和构词法等知识来推测其含义，考查考生的词汇运用和语境理解能力。
【词汇清障】
第一组
C&D1 文章词汇题
episodic A. 欧亚松鸦
Eurasian Jay B. 情景的；片段的
stash C. 坚果
nut D. 储存；贮藏
larvae E. 幼虫
C&D2 文章词汇题
banquet A. 菜谱；食谱
stock B. 宴会；盛宴
cuisine C. 家禽；家畜
recipe D. 烹饪；菜肴
humble E. 普通的；谦逊的
C&D3 文章词汇题
barrier A. 乐队指挥
director B. 障碍；屏障
custom C. 义肢；假体
prosthesis D. 定制的；定做的
iteration E. 版本；迭代
C&D4 文章词汇题
hygiene A. 病原体
parasite B. 卫生；卫生学
pathogen C. 寄生虫
concrete D. 混凝土；具体的
fly ash E. 粉煤灰
C&D5 文章词汇题
naturalist A. 和谐；协调
explorer B. 自然主义者；博物学家
insight C. 探险家；勘探者
harmony D. 洞察力；领悟
deforestation E. 毁林；砍伐森林
第二组
C&D1 文章词汇题
mental A. 视觉的；视力的
recall B. 精神的；脑力的
visual C. 回想；回忆起
assess D. 指示器；指标
indicator E. 评估；评定
C&D2 文章词汇题
illustrate A. 有吸引力的；动人的
outsider B. 说明；阐明
appealing C. 局外人；外人
humble D. 谦逊的；普通的
superiority E. 优越；优势
C&D3 文章词汇题
prioritizes A. 耐磨的；耐用的
iteration B. 优先考虑；给予优先权
hard - wearing C. 版本；迭代
flexible D. 灵活的；柔韧的
resourceful E. 机智的；资源丰富的
C&D4 文章词汇题
intervention A. 注入；注射
absorb B. 干预；介入
prohibit C. 吸收；理解
inject D. 阻止；禁止
survive E. 存活；幸存
C&D5 文章词汇题
revolutionize A. 令人敬畏的；令人惊叹的
innovative B. 彻底改变；使发生革命性变化
vivid C. 创新的；革新的
awe D. 生动的；鲜明的
subsequent E. 随后的；后来的
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）Mentally replaying a memory can be helpful for recalling key details, such as picturing the moment you last arrived home to remember where you put your keys. This ability is what psychologists call “mental time travel”. Episodic memory, which is a form of long-term memory for events, is an example of mental time travel. While scientists once thought it was unique to humans, evidence of such memory has been found in animals, such as great apes and mice. Scientists have recently found birds called Eurasian Jays can do it, too.
Eurasian Jays have excellent memory: they stash foods such as nuts and larvae (幼虫) for future consumption, so remembering the place, contents and time is crucial for their survival. They also have complex mental abilities such as object permanence and spatial memory. This made researchers curious to know whether Eurasian Jays might revisit memories like we do.
In the experiment, seven birds watched experimenters place food beneath one cup in a line of identical cups. They were rewarded for later picking the correct cup. This training was repeated multiple times so that the birds could remember the correct cup’s position.
Then the birds were given a different memory assessment in which they saw food placed beneath one of several cups with differently colored shapes or patterns. Ten minutes later, they were brought back to these non-identical cups in a different order. If the bird only remembered what it was trained to recall, it would have been fooled by this switch-up. “But instead, the birds were largely able to access visual details that they hadn’t known they would need,” says James Davies, the lead author of the study. The jays correctly chose the cup with the food 70% of the time based on those visual features. This experiment was a powerful indicator of something like episodic memory because the jays didn’t know colors and patterns would be important when they first saw them.
Next, the researchers hope to get a clearer picture of the jays’ memory abilities by testing their limits. Human episodic memory is quite flexible — it can apply to situations that don’t have to do with food or survival — so the researchers suggest exploring whether Eurasian Jays’ memory abilities are sharp in non-food-related situations as well.
1．What is a feature of “mental time travel”
A．It benefits temporary memory. B．It’s different from episodic memory.
C．It’s common in the animal kingdom. D．It enables mental scene reconstruction.
2．What does the underlined word “stash” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Digest. B．Share. C．Store. D．Consume.
3．What can be inferred from two experiments about Eurasian Jays
A．They show flexible memory beyond training. B．They are a good master of color and patterns.
C．They choose correctly based on initial memory. D．They rely on their spatial memory to find food.
4．What do researchers want to explore in future studies
A．Jays’ specific food preferences. B．Jay’s survival skills in the wild.
C．Jays’ social behavior and memory. D．Jays’ memory ability in non-food contexts.
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）About a decade ago, Fuchsia Dunlop attended a banquet (宴会) in Guangzhou. The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of soup served at the end. Made from chicken, it was simple, clean and perfect. It seem odd to Westerners, but, as Ms Dunlop, an English food writer, explains in a new book, stock (家禽) is a unique expression of a chef’s art. And the clean, “almost invisible soup” is an ideal conclusion to a banquet, with its rich and strong flavours.
Invitation to a Banquet is Ms Dunlop’s seventh book where, unlike a traditional cookbook, she has chosen 30 dishes to illustrate different aspects of Chinese cuisine — and, in turn, Chinese life and history. Like other outsiders who focus on a foreign cuisine, she is more a gatherer than an inventor of recipes. Her well-researched cookbooks read as mini-ethnographies (民族志).
Readers will not learn how to make traditional Chinese cuisines but how and why Chinese chefs have long prized unusual (and to Westerners, sometimes unappealing) ingredients. A seemingly humble yet labor-intensive dish of braised carp (鲤鱼) tail serves as a starting point for exploring the significance of kougan, or mouthfeel, in Chinese cuisine. Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, “have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat less desirable animal parts out of poverty”, when in fact they shut the door on various foods that is wonderfully cui (“slippery, often in a wet way”).
Altogether, Ms Dunlop makes a persuasive argument for the superiority of Chinese cuisine, highlighting its strengths in a joyful manner rather than a boastful one. She shows how it has embraced foreign influences, how it has changed with China’s increasing wealth and how central it is to the country’s cultural history.
She makes an equally persuasive argument that what Westerners think of as “Chinese food”, commonly found at their local takeaway, is neither inauthentic nor wrong. Instead, it is an adaptation shaped by Chinese communities living abroad and as representative of the cuisine’s diversity as a frozen pizza is of Italy’s. Immigration has made the authentic flavors more accessible than ever outside China. Eaters should learn to appreciate that.
5．Why might the plain chicken soup seem odd to Westerners
A．It is placed in a white cup. B．It is served at the end of the meal.
C．It is made of unusual ingredients. D．It is enriched with complex flavors.
6．How does Invitation to a Banquet differ from traditional cookbooks
A．It keeps track of foreign recipes.
B．It explores aspects beyond recipes.
C．It is intended for cuisine research.
D．It teaches how to make Chinese cuisines.
7．What can be inferred from the mentioning of “westerners” in Para.3
A．They view Chinese cuisine as pricey.
B．They hesitate to try new ingredients.
C．They like Chinese cuisine’s diversity.
D．They often misinterpret Chinese cuisine.
8．What does Ms Dunlop think of Chinese cuisine
A．Inclusive and dynamic. B．Inflexible and adapted.
C．Simple and overvalued. D．Beautiful and boastful.
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Despite being born without hands, 12-year-old Aubrey Sauvie has never let limitations hold her back. From mastering martial arts (武术) to expressing herself through art, she advances bravely in a world that often prioritizes physical ability. However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out
Aware of Aubrey’s problem, her band director proposed her for Tech Engineering for Kids, a program which is run through a junior-level engineering course of the Tennessee Tech University. It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs. Up to now, they have created toys and devices for children with sensory disorder.
Learning about Aubrey’s story, a team of ten engineering students of the program decided to create 3D-printed prostheses (义肢) specifically designed for drumming. They would send a certain design to Aubrey, who would then provide feedback, like “I think this is good, but it's a little bit long. Could it be shortened ’ or “It’s a little bit hot on my arm. Could you potentially, like, make it a little bit more breathable ” The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms. This innovation not only improved sound quality but also provided the flexibility needed for advanced drumming techniques.
Aubrey was very grateful for this technical solution. “I was really excited that I was going to be able to use the new prostheses and try them out,” she remarked. “They are becoming a very useful and resourceful tool to help me with my drumming.” With her newfound drumming freedom, Aubrey sets her sights on mastering a full drum set. Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology.
9．What troubles Aubrey a lot
A．Lacking passion for sports. B．Owning no talent for music.
C．Inaccessibility to expert training. D．Inability to operate an instrument.
10．What is Tech Engineering for Kids intended to do
A．Offer engineering courses. B．Design sustainable devices.
C．Create personalized adaptive tools. D．Improve overall users’ experience.
11．Which can replace the underlined word “iterations” in Paragraph 3
A．Uses. B．Versions. C．Materials. D．Kinds.
12．What does the text mainly tell us
A．Limitation brings down people’ creativity.
B．Ambition fuels the desires of the disabled.
C．Science breaks down the barriers among people.
D．Technology empowers people to pursue dreams.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Jade Benjamin-Chung is working with her colleagues to analyze the impact of water and hygiene (卫生) interventions on health outcomes in middle - and low-income Bangladeshi households in a trial. They found that many common strategies used to protect children from disease, such as hand washing, were not as effective as expected, in part because they tend to be expensive and difficult for poor communities to maintain over time. Curious about what else might be contributing to the puzzling results, Jade and her colleagues identified a potential cause right beneath their feet.
Around 70% of rural homes in Bangladesh have soil-packed floors. As young children crawl, eat and play on the floor, they often absorb tiny amounts of soil-based parasites (寄生虫) that transmit disease. The researchers consider concrete floors. Concrete floors are an improvement for homes as they can provide a space that is more convenient to clean and prohibit the spread of pathogens (病原体).
Jade mentioned her idea to Sarah Billington, an expert on concrete and building materials. When Billington heard the team’s idea of broadly replacing soil-packed floors with concrete, she worried the approach could have unintended consequences for the climate due to heavy carbon emissions from concrete production.
So Jade and Billington invited other Stanford experts in. They wanted to develop mix-using ingredients that are easily found in countries like Bangladesh. One possible ingredient is recycled fly ash, a byproduct of burning coal. The resulting concrete mix is affordable, durable and with fewer emissions.
The experimental process began in the Blume Earthquake Engineering Center. Jason Hernandez mixed and hardened concrete test tiles (瓷砖) made with the alternative “green” cement (水泥). Hernandez then took the tiles across campus to Boehm’s environmental engineering lab, where he and his teammates injected the tiles with pathogens like E. coli to measure how well they survived on the surface with and without cleaning. The team’s initial findings suggested that E. coli and Ascaris sum have similar rates of survival on traditional cement mix slabs (厚板) and alternative “green” fly ash slabs. This means that when installed at homes, the alternative concrete mix could be as effective as traditional concrete at reducing disease transmission.
13．What did Jade and her colleagues mainly find out in Bangladesh
A．Few families lacked access to clean water.
B．Soil-packed floors were contributing to health problems.
C．Low-income households benefited more from hygiene practices.
D．Most kids didn’t have the habit of washing hands regularly.
14．Why do the researchers choose the fly ash for the concrete mix
A．It’s more environmentally friendly.
B．It reduces the cost of concrete production.
C．It enhances the concrete’s resistance to pathogens.
D．It’s a common ingredient in Bangladeshi construction.
15．Why did Jason Hernandez take the tiles to Boehm’s environmental engineering lab
A．To mix the fly ash with traditional cement tiles.
B．To examine the tiles’ durability under various conditions.
C．To measure if the tiles are effective in reducing disease transmission.
D．To analyze the environmental impact of producing the alternative concrete.
16．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To emphasize the benefits of concrete floors in daily life.
B．To illustrate the environmental impact of concrete production.
C．To make people aware of the importance of hygiene interventions.
D．To inform readers of a sustainable method for disease reduction.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Alexander von Humboldt was a German naturalist as well as a brave explorer. In The Invention of Nature, writer Andrea Wulf brings Humboldt back into the spotlight.
Humboldt revolutionized the way we see the natural world. While scientists broke nature down into parts, Humboldt was forever looking to the whole. Nothing, not even the tiniest organism, was looked at on its own. With this insight, he invented the web of life, the concept of nature as we know it today. He linked together his findings with innovative charts and illustrations that showed the connections he found on his travels in visually striking ways.
Wulf divided her book between a biography of Humboldt’s life and sections tracing his influence on Charles Darwin, Henry D．Thoreau, John Muir and others. She is at her best in her vivid and exciting chapters that talk about his adventures. His journeys through the Americas, which took him from Washington to Lima, from hot plains to icy heights, shaped his vision of nature. He voyaged down the Orinoco River and saw a mixture of harmony and antagonism (对抗), with plants battling other plants for precious light.
His journeys filled him with awe and concern as he noted the effects of agriculture and the great masses of steam and gas from industrial centers. And at Lake Valencia, near Caracas in Venezuela, Humboldt observed the effects of deforestation and developed an early concept of climate change caused by great changes in the landscape. By highlighting how we humans were disturbing delicate ecological dynamics, Humboldt, as Wulf writes, “became the father of the environmental movement”.
So absorbed are we today into the work of Darwin, John Muir and subsequent generations of other naturalists that Humboldt is everywhere and nowhere. Fortunately, Wulf’s book gradually brings this impressive figure back into a much-deserved focus.
17．How did Humboldt’s view of nature differ from that of others
A．He focused on tiny organisms.
B．He saw connections between elements.
C．He noticed nature’s distinctive features.
D．He believed nature couldn’t be understood.
18．What does this book cover according to paragraph 3
A．Humboldt’s interaction with other naturalists.
B．Humboldt’s understanding of and the impact on nature.
C．Humboldt’s life and his influence on other famous figures.
D．Humboldt’s efforts of protecting the natural environment.
19．What issue did Humboldt identify through his explorations
A．The consequences of global warming.
B．The troubling impact of human activities.
C．The effects of climate change on landscapes.
D．The imbalance between agriculture and industry.
20．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Wulf possesses excellent writing skills.
B．Humboldt always puts forward innovative ideas.
C．Wulf leaves a great impression on other naturalists.
D．Humboldt gains inadequate recognition.24.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之欧亚松鸦拥有长期记忆的能力 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之新书《赴宴邀请》，以及她对中国菜肴的看法 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之热爱打鼓却握不住鼓槌，工程团队为其设计3D假肢，助她逐梦 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之孟加拉国居民所遭受的健康困扰 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之历山大·冯·洪堡的生平及其对自然科学的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解试题中说明文的命题有其独特规律，以下是其特点：
设题特点
细节理解题为主：通常会有较多的细节理解题，考查考生对文中具体信息的准确把握，如某个科学现象的特征、某种技术的工作原理、某项研究的具体数据等，要求考生能够在文中找到对应的信息并进行细致比对。
推理判断题有深度：会设置一些推理判断题，要求考生根据文章提供的信息进行合理推断，如推断某个现象的原因、某种技术的发展趋势、作者对某一观点的潜在态度等，考查考生的逻辑思维和分析能力。
主旨大意题综合：主旨大意题可能要求考生概括文章的中心思想、最佳标题或段落大意等，需要考生从整体上把握文章内容，提炼出核心观点，对考生的综合归纳能力有一定要求。
词义猜测题灵活：会针对文中的一些专业词汇、生僻词汇或短语设置词义猜测题，考生需要结合上下文语境、句子结构和构词法等知识来推测其含义，考查考生的词汇运用和语境理解能力。
【词汇清障】
第一组
C&D1 文章词汇题
episodic A. 欧亚松鸦
Eurasian Jay B. 情景的；片段的
stash C. 坚果
nut D. 储存；贮藏
larvae E. 幼虫
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D2 文章词汇题
banquet A. 菜谱；食谱
stock B. 宴会；盛宴
cuisine C. 家禽；家畜
recipe D. 烹饪；菜肴
humble E. 普通的；谦逊的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
C&D3 文章词汇题
barrier A. 乐队指挥
director B. 障碍；屏障
custom C. 义肢；假体
prosthesis D. 定制的；定做的
iteration E. 版本；迭代
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D4 文章词汇题
hygiene A. 病原体
parasite B. 卫生；卫生学
pathogen C. 寄生虫
concrete D. 混凝土；具体的
fly ash E. 粉煤灰
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
C&D5 文章词汇题
naturalist A. 和谐；协调
explorer B. 自然主义者；博物学家
insight C. 探险家；勘探者
harmony D. 洞察力；领悟
deforestation E. 毁林；砍伐森林
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
第二组
C&D1 文章词汇题
mental A. 视觉的；视力的
recall B. 精神的；脑力的
visual C. 回想；回忆起
assess D. 指示器；指标
indicator E. 评估；评定
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - E；5 - D
C&D2 文章词汇题
illustrate A. 有吸引力的；动人的
outsider B. 说明；阐明
appealing C. 局外人；外人
humble D. 谦逊的；普通的
superiority E. 优越；优势
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
C&D3 文章词汇题
prioritizes A. 耐磨的；耐用的
iteration B. 优先考虑；给予优先权
hard - wearing C. 版本；迭代
flexible D. 灵活的；柔韧的
resourceful E. 机智的；资源丰富的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
C&D4 文章词汇题
intervention A. 注入；注射
absorb B. 干预；介入
prohibit C. 吸收；理解
inject D. 阻止；禁止
survive E. 存活；幸存
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
C&D5 文章词汇题
revolutionize A. 令人敬畏的；令人惊叹的
innovative B. 彻底改变；使发生革命性变化
vivid C. 创新的；革新的
awe D. 生动的；鲜明的
subsequent E. 随后的；后来的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）Mentally replaying a memory can be helpful for recalling key details, such as picturing the moment you last arrived home to remember where you put your keys. This ability is what psychologists call “mental time travel”. Episodic memory, which is a form of long-term memory for events, is an example of mental time travel. While scientists once thought it was unique to humans, evidence of such memory has been found in animals, such as great apes and mice. Scientists have recently found birds called Eurasian Jays can do it, too.
Eurasian Jays have excellent memory: they stash foods such as nuts and larvae (幼虫) for future consumption, so remembering the place, contents and time is crucial for their survival. They also have complex mental abilities such as object permanence and spatial memory. This made researchers curious to know whether Eurasian Jays might revisit memories like we do.
In the experiment, seven birds watched experimenters place food beneath one cup in a line of identical cups. They were rewarded for later picking the correct cup. This training was repeated multiple times so that the birds could remember the correct cup’s position.
Then the birds were given a different memory assessment in which they saw food placed beneath one of several cups with differently colored shapes or patterns. Ten minutes later, they were brought back to these non-identical cups in a different order. If the bird only remembered what it was trained to recall, it would have been fooled by this switch-up. “But instead, the birds were largely able to access visual details that they hadn’t known they would need,” says James Davies, the lead author of the study. The jays correctly chose the cup with the food 70% of the time based on those visual features. This experiment was a powerful indicator of something like episodic memory because the jays didn’t know colors and patterns would be important when they first saw them.
Next, the researchers hope to get a clearer picture of the jays’ memory abilities by testing their limits. Human episodic memory is quite flexible — it can apply to situations that don’t have to do with food or survival — so the researchers suggest exploring whether Eurasian Jays’ memory abilities are sharp in non-food-related situations as well.
1．What is a feature of “mental time travel”
A．It benefits temporary memory. B．It’s different from episodic memory.
C．It’s common in the animal kingdom. D．It enables mental scene reconstruction.
2．What does the underlined word “stash” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Digest. B．Share. C．Store. D．Consume.
3．What can be inferred from two experiments about Eurasian Jays
A．They show flexible memory beyond training. B．They are a good master of color and patterns.
C．They choose correctly based on initial memory. D．They rely on their spatial memory to find food.
4．What do researchers want to explore in future studies
A．Jays’ specific food preferences. B．Jay’s survival skills in the wild.
C．Jays’ social behavior and memory. D．Jays’ memory ability in non-food contexts.
【答案】1．D 2．C 3．A 4．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】动物、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了研究发现欧亚松鸦拥有长期记忆的能力，解释了其研究开展的经过以及有关发现。
1．细节理解题。根据第一段“Mentally replaying a memory can be helpful for recalling key details, such as picturing the moment you last arrived home to remember where you put your keys. This ability is what psychologists call “mental time travel”. Episodic memory, which is a form of long-term memory for events, is an example of mental time travel.(在脑海中回放一段记忆对回忆关键细节很有帮助，比如想象你最后一次回家的那一刻，记住你把钥匙放在哪里了。这种能力就是心理学家所说的“精神时间旅行”。情景记忆是对事件的一种长期记忆形式，是精神时间旅行的一个例子)”可知，“精神时间旅行”的特点是使心理场景重建。故选D。
2．词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“foods such as nuts and larvae (幼虫) for future consumption, so remembering the place, contents and time is crucial for their survival(坚果和幼虫等食物以备将来食用，因此记住食物的地点、内容和时间对它们的生存至关重要)”可知，欧亚松鸦会记住食物的地点、内容和时间，因为它们储存坚果和幼虫等食物以备将来食用，因此记住食物的地点、内容和时间对它们的生存至关重要。故划线词意思是“储存”。故选C。
3．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段““But instead, the birds were largely able to access visual details that they hadn’t known they would need,” says James Davies, the lead author of the study. The jays correctly chose the cup with the food 70% of the time based on those visual features. This experiment was a powerful indicator of something like episodic memory because the jays didn’t know colors and patterns would be important when they first saw them.(该研究的主要作者詹姆斯·戴维斯说：“相反，鸟类在很大程度上能够获得它们不知道自己需要的视觉细节。”根据这些视觉特征，有70%的情况下，松鸦正确地选择了盛有食物的杯子。这个实验是一个类似情景记忆的强有力的指标，因为松鸦在第一次看到它们时并不知道颜色和图案会很重要)”可知，欧亚松鸦表现出超出训练的灵活记忆。故选A。
4．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Next, the researchers hope to get a clearer picture of the jays’ memory abilities by testing their limits. Human episodic memory is quite flexible — it can apply to situations that don’t have to do with food or survival — so the researchers suggest exploring whether Eurasian Jays’ memory abilities are sharp in non-food-related situations as well.(接下来，研究人员希望通过测试它们的极限来更清楚地了解松鸦的记忆能力。人类的情景记忆是相当灵活的——它可以适用于与食物或生存无关的情况——所以研究人员建议探索欧亚松鸦的记忆能力是否在与食物无关的情况下也很敏锐)”可知，在未来的研究中，研究人员想要探索欧亚松鸦在非食物情境下的记忆能力。故选D。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·福建福州·期末）About a decade ago, Fuchsia Dunlop attended a banquet (宴会) in Guangzhou. The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of soup served at the end. Made from chicken, it was simple, clean and perfect. It seem odd to Westerners, but, as Ms Dunlop, an English food writer, explains in a new book, stock (家禽) is a unique expression of a chef’s art. And the clean, “almost invisible soup” is an ideal conclusion to a banquet, with its rich and strong flavours.
Invitation to a Banquet is Ms Dunlop’s seventh book where, unlike a traditional cookbook, she has chosen 30 dishes to illustrate different aspects of Chinese cuisine — and, in turn, Chinese life and history. Like other outsiders who focus on a foreign cuisine, she is more a gatherer than an inventor of recipes. Her well-researched cookbooks read as mini-ethnographies (民族志).
Readers will not learn how to make traditional Chinese cuisines but how and why Chinese chefs have long prized unusual (and to Westerners, sometimes unappealing) ingredients. A seemingly humble yet labor-intensive dish of braised carp (鲤鱼) tail serves as a starting point for exploring the significance of kougan, or mouthfeel, in Chinese cuisine. Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, “have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat less desirable animal parts out of poverty”, when in fact they shut the door on various foods that is wonderfully cui (“slippery, often in a wet way”).
Altogether, Ms Dunlop makes a persuasive argument for the superiority of Chinese cuisine, highlighting its strengths in a joyful manner rather than a boastful one. She shows how it has embraced foreign influences, how it has changed with China’s increasing wealth and how central it is to the country’s cultural history.
She makes an equally persuasive argument that what Westerners think of as “Chinese food”, commonly found at their local takeaway, is neither inauthentic nor wrong. Instead, it is an adaptation shaped by Chinese communities living abroad and as representative of the cuisine’s diversity as a frozen pizza is of Italy’s. Immigration has made the authentic flavors more accessible than ever outside China. Eaters should learn to appreciate that.
5．Why might the plain chicken soup seem odd to Westerners
A．It is placed in a white cup. B．It is served at the end of the meal.
C．It is made of unusual ingredients. D．It is enriched with complex flavors.
6．How does Invitation to a Banquet differ from traditional cookbooks
A．It keeps track of foreign recipes.
B．It explores aspects beyond recipes.
C．It is intended for cuisine research.
D．It teaches how to make Chinese cuisines.
7．What can be inferred from the mentioning of “westerners” in Para.3
A．They view Chinese cuisine as pricey.
B．They hesitate to try new ingredients.
C．They like Chinese cuisine’s diversity.
D．They often misinterpret Chinese cuisine.
8．What does Ms Dunlop think of Chinese cuisine
A．Inclusive and dynamic. B．Inflexible and adapted.
C．Simple and overvalued. D．Beautiful and boastful.
【答案】5．B 6．B 7．D 8．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】饮食习俗 、中国文化与节日、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国美食作家芙蓉·邓禄普的新书《赴宴邀请》，以及她对中国菜肴的看法。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段中“The most memorable dish, however, was the plain white cup of soup served at the end.(然而，最令人难忘的菜肴是最后端上的一碗普通的白汤)”和“It seem odd to Westerners(这对西方人来说似乎很奇怪)”可知，素鸡汤在宴会最后上桌，这对西方人来说很奇怪。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Invitation to a Banquet is Ms Dunlop’s seventh book where, unlike a traditional cookbook, she has chosen 30 dishes to illustrate different aspects of Chinese cuisine — and, in turn, Chinese life and history.(《赴宴邀请》是邓禄普女士的第七本书，与传统的烹饪书不同，她选择了30道菜来阐述中国烹饪的不同方面，进而阐述中国的生活和历史)”可知，《赴宴邀请》与传统烹饪书的不同之处在于它阐述中国的生活和历史，探讨了食谱之外的方面。故选B项。
7．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Westerners, Ms Dunlop argues, ‘have traditionally assumed that the Chinese eat less desirable animal parts out of poverty’, when in fact they shut the door on various foods that is wonderfully cui (‘slippery, often in a wet way’).(邓禄普女士认为，西方人“传统上认为中国人因为贫穷而吃不太可口的动物部位”，而实际上，他们拒绝了各种美味可口(滑腻的，常常是湿润的)的食物)”可知，第三段提到“西方人”是为了说明他们对中国菜肴存在误解。由此可推知，他们经常误解中国菜。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据第四段中“She shows how it has embraced foreign influences, how it has changed with China’s increasing wealth(她展示了它是如何接受外国影响的，它是如何随着中国财富的增加而变化的)” 可知，中国美食是包容的(embraced foreign influences)且充满活力的(changed with China’s increasing wealth)。故选A项。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Despite being born without hands, 12-year-old Aubrey Sauvie has never let limitations hold her back. From mastering martial arts (武术) to expressing herself through art, she advances bravely in a world that often prioritizes physical ability. However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out
Aware of Aubrey’s problem, her band director proposed her for Tech Engineering for Kids, a program which is run through a junior-level engineering course of the Tennessee Tech University. It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs. Up to now, they have created toys and devices for children with sensory disorder.
Learning about Aubrey’s story, a team of ten engineering students of the program decided to create 3D-printed prostheses (义肢) specifically designed for drumming. They would send a certain design to Aubrey, who would then provide feedback, like “I think this is good, but it's a little bit long. Could it be shortened ’ or “It’s a little bit hot on my arm. Could you potentially, like, make it a little bit more breathable ” The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms. This innovation not only improved sound quality but also provided the flexibility needed for advanced drumming techniques.
Aubrey was very grateful for this technical solution. “I was really excited that I was going to be able to use the new prostheses and try them out,” she remarked. “They are becoming a very useful and resourceful tool to help me with my drumming.” With her newfound drumming freedom, Aubrey sets her sights on mastering a full drum set. Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology.
9．What troubles Aubrey a lot
A．Lacking passion for sports. B．Owning no talent for music.
C．Inaccessibility to expert training. D．Inability to operate an instrument.
10．What is Tech Engineering for Kids intended to do
A．Offer engineering courses. B．Design sustainable devices.
C．Create personalized adaptive tools. D．Improve overall users’ experience.
11．Which can replace the underlined word “iterations” in Paragraph 3
A．Uses. B．Versions. C．Materials. D．Kinds.
12．What does the text mainly tell us
A．Limitation brings down people’ creativity.
B．Ambition fuels the desires of the disabled.
C．Science breaks down the barriers among people.
D．Technology empowers people to pursue dreams.
【答案】9．D 10．C 11．B 12．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科学技术 、说明文
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述天生无手的奥布里热爱打鼓却握不住鼓槌，工程团队为其设计3D假肢，助她逐梦，体现技术赋能梦想。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句“However, her passion for drumming presented a special barrier: how could she hold the drumsticks without slipping out (然而，她对打鼓的热情却遇到了一个特殊的障碍：她怎样才能握住鼓槌而不滑落呢？)”可知，奥布里困扰的是无法操作打鼓这一乐器。故选D项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段第二句“It involves students working in teams to design a form of custom assistive technology for children with special needs.(它让学生们以团队形式为有特殊需求的儿童设计一种定制的辅助技术。)”可知，“Tech Engineering for Kids”旨在为有特殊需求的孩子设计个性化的适应性工具。故选C项。
11．词句猜测题。根据第三段第三句“The team created about six iterations of the prostheses until they were satisfied with the final product, which was not only hard-wearing but also flexible, allowing for drumstick attachments on both arms.(这个团队制作了大约六个____的假肢，直到他们对最终产品感到满意，这个最终产品不仅耐用而且灵活，能够在两只手臂上安装鼓槌。)”以及前文提到奥布里会对设计给出反馈，如长度、透气性等，可推知团队是在不断改进设计，这里指制作了六个不同“版本”的假肢，最后一个版本才灵活耐用，令人满意。故选B项。
12．主旨大意题。通读全文可知，12 岁的奥布里天生没有双手，对打鼓的热爱却因无法握住鼓槌受阻，“Tech Engineering for Kids”项目的学生团队通过技术为她设计出合适的假肢，助力她追逐打鼓梦想，并根据最后一段最后一句“Meanwhile. Tech Engineering for Kids readies itself to extend its reach, bridging the gap between limitations and ambitions through technology.(与此同时，‘Tech Engineering for Kids’准备扩大其影响力，通过技术弥合限制与抱负之间的差距。)”可知，文章主要讲述了技术赋予人们追求梦想的力量。故选D项。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Jade Benjamin-Chung is working with her colleagues to analyze the impact of water and hygiene (卫生) interventions on health outcomes in middle - and low-income Bangladeshi households in a trial. They found that many common strategies used to protect children from disease, such as hand washing, were not as effective as expected, in part because they tend to be expensive and difficult for poor communities to maintain over time. Curious about what else might be contributing to the puzzling results, Jade and her colleagues identified a potential cause right beneath their feet.
Around 70% of rural homes in Bangladesh have soil-packed floors. As young children crawl, eat and play on the floor, they often absorb tiny amounts of soil-based parasites (寄生虫) that transmit disease. The researchers consider concrete floors. Concrete floors are an improvement for homes as they can provide a space that is more convenient to clean and prohibit the spread of pathogens (病原体).
Jade mentioned her idea to Sarah Billington, an expert on concrete and building materials. When Billington heard the team’s idea of broadly replacing soil-packed floors with concrete, she worried the approach could have unintended consequences for the climate due to heavy carbon emissions from concrete production.
So Jade and Billington invited other Stanford experts in. They wanted to develop mix-using ingredients that are easily found in countries like Bangladesh. One possible ingredient is recycled fly ash, a byproduct of burning coal. The resulting concrete mix is affordable, durable and with fewer emissions.
The experimental process began in the Blume Earthquake Engineering Center. Jason Hernandez mixed and hardened concrete test tiles (瓷砖) made with the alternative “green” cement (水泥). Hernandez then took the tiles across campus to Boehm’s environmental engineering lab, where he and his teammates injected the tiles with pathogens like E. coli to measure how well they survived on the surface with and without cleaning. The team’s initial findings suggested that E. coli and Ascaris sum have similar rates of survival on traditional cement mix slabs (厚板) and alternative “green” fly ash slabs. This means that when installed at homes, the alternative concrete mix could be as effective as traditional concrete at reducing disease transmission.
13．What did Jade and her colleagues mainly find out in Bangladesh
A．Few families lacked access to clean water.
B．Soil-packed floors were contributing to health problems.
C．Low-income households benefited more from hygiene practices.
D．Most kids didn’t have the habit of washing hands regularly.
14．Why do the researchers choose the fly ash for the concrete mix
A．It’s more environmentally friendly.
B．It reduces the cost of concrete production.
C．It enhances the concrete’s resistance to pathogens.
D．It’s a common ingredient in Bangladeshi construction.
15．Why did Jason Hernandez take the tiles to Boehm’s environmental engineering lab
A．To mix the fly ash with traditional cement tiles.
B．To examine the tiles’ durability under various conditions.
C．To measure if the tiles are effective in reducing disease transmission.
D．To analyze the environmental impact of producing the alternative concrete.
16．What’s the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To emphasize the benefits of concrete floors in daily life.
B．To illustrate the environmental impact of concrete production.
C．To make people aware of the importance of hygiene interventions.
D．To inform readers of a sustainable method for disease reduction.
【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文介绍了以Jade Benjamin-Chung为首的研究人员分析孟加拉国居民所遭受的健康困扰，探究困扰所产生的原因，以及采取的相应措施。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“Around 70% of rural homes in Bangladesh have soil-packed floors. As young children crawl, eat and play on the floor, they often absorb tiny amounts of soil-based parasites (寄生虫) that transmit disease.(在孟加拉国，大约70%的农村家庭的地板都是填满泥土的。当小孩子在地板上爬行、吃东西和玩耍时，他们经常会吸收少量传播疾病的土壤寄生虫)”可知，Jade和她的同事在孟加拉国主要发现了填满泥土的地板造成健康问题。故选B。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“One possible ingredient is recycled fly ash, a byproduct of burning coal. The resulting concrete mix is affordable, durable and with fewer emissions.(一种可能的成分是回收的粉煤灰，这是燃烧煤炭的副产品。由此产生的混凝土混合物价格合理，耐用，排放更少)”可知，研究人员选择粉煤灰作为混凝土混合料是因为更环保。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据最后一段“Hernandez then took the tiles across campus to Boehm’s environmental engineering lab, where he and his teammates injected the tiles with pathogens like E. coli to measure how well they survived on the surface with and without cleaning.(然后埃尔南德斯带着瓷砖穿过校园来到Boehm的环境工程实验室，在那里他和他的队友们给瓷砖注射了大肠杆菌等病原体，以测量它们在清洁和不清洁的情况下在表面的存活情况)”可知，杰森·埃尔南德斯把瓷砖带到博姆的环境工程实验室是为了测量瓷砖是否有效减少疾病传播。故选C。
16．推理判断题。根据最后一段“This means that when installed at homes, the alternative concrete mix could be as effective as traditional concrete at reducing disease transmission.(这意味着，当安装在家中时，替代混凝土混合物可以与传统混凝土一样有效地减少疾病传播)”结合本文介绍了以Jade Benjamin-Chung为首的研究人员分析孟加拉国居民所遭受的健康困扰，探究困扰所产生的原因，以及采取的相应措施。可知，作者写这篇文章的目的是告知读者减少疾病的可持续方法。故选D。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）Alexander von Humboldt was a German naturalist as well as a brave explorer. In The Invention of Nature, writer Andrea Wulf brings Humboldt back into the spotlight.
Humboldt revolutionized the way we see the natural world. While scientists broke nature down into parts, Humboldt was forever looking to the whole. Nothing, not even the tiniest organism, was looked at on its own. With this insight, he invented the web of life, the concept of nature as we know it today. He linked together his findings with innovative charts and illustrations that showed the connections he found on his travels in visually striking ways.
Wulf divided her book between a biography of Humboldt’s life and sections tracing his influence on Charles Darwin, Henry D．Thoreau, John Muir and others. She is at her best in her vivid and exciting chapters that talk about his adventures. His journeys through the Americas, which took him from Washington to Lima, from hot plains to icy heights, shaped his vision of nature. He voyaged down the Orinoco River and saw a mixture of harmony and antagonism (对抗), with plants battling other plants for precious light.
His journeys filled him with awe and concern as he noted the effects of agriculture and the great masses of steam and gas from industrial centers. And at Lake Valencia, near Caracas in Venezuela, Humboldt observed the effects of deforestation and developed an early concept of climate change caused by great changes in the landscape. By highlighting how we humans were disturbing delicate ecological dynamics, Humboldt, as Wulf writes, “became the father of the environmental movement”.
So absorbed are we today into the work of Darwin, John Muir and subsequent generations of other naturalists that Humboldt is everywhere and nowhere. Fortunately, Wulf’s book gradually brings this impressive figure back into a much-deserved focus.
17．How did Humboldt’s view of nature differ from that of others
A．He focused on tiny organisms.
B．He saw connections between elements.
C．He noticed nature’s distinctive features.
D．He believed nature couldn’t be understood.
18．What does this book cover according to paragraph 3
A．Humboldt’s interaction with other naturalists.
B．Humboldt’s understanding of and the impact on nature.
C．Humboldt’s life and his influence on other famous figures.
D．Humboldt’s efforts of protecting the natural environment.
19．What issue did Humboldt identify through his explorations
A．The consequences of global warming.
B．The troubling impact of human activities.
C．The effects of climate change on landscapes.
D．The imbalance between agriculture and industry.
20．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Wulf possesses excellent writing skills.
B．Humboldt always puts forward innovative ideas.
C．Wulf leaves a great impression on other naturalists.
D．Humboldt gains inadequate recognition.
【答案】17．B 18．C 19．B 20．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】说明文、其他著名人物
【导语】这是一篇说明文。《创造自然》一书描述了亚历山大·冯·洪堡的生平及其对自然科学的影响。
17．细节理解题。由第二段中“Humboldt revolutionized the way we see the natural world. While scientists broke nature down into parts, Humboldt was forever looking to the whole. Nothing, not even the tiniest organism, was looked at on its own. (洪堡彻底改变了我们看待自然世界的方式。当科学家们将自然分解为部分时，洪堡却永远着眼于整体。没有任何东西，即使是最微小的生物体，是单独观察的)”可知，洪堡重视元素之间的联系和整体，是他与其他人的自然观的不同之处。故选B项。
18．细节理解题。由第三段中“Wulf divided her book between a biography of Humboldt’s life and sections tracing his influence on Charles Darwin, Henry D. Thoreau, John Muir and others. (伍尔夫将她的书分为两部分，一部分是洪堡生平传记，另一部分是追踪他对查尔斯·达尔文、亨利·D·梭罗、约翰·缪尔等人的影响)”可知，这本书涵盖了的内容包括：洪堡的生平及其对其他著名人物的影响。故选C项。
19．细节理解题。由第四段中“His journeys filled him with awe and concern as he noted the effects of agriculture and the great masses of steam and gas from industrial centers. (当他注意到农业的影响以及来自工业中心的大量蒸汽和天然气时，他的旅程让他充满了敬畏和担忧)”可知，通过他的探索，洪堡发现了人类活动对自然的令人不安的影响。故选B项。
20．推理判断题。由最后一段中“Fortunately, Wulf’s book gradually brings this impressive figure back into a much-deserved focus. (幸运的是，伍尔夫的书逐渐将这一令人印象深刻的人物带回了人们应该多多关注的点)”可推知，洪堡没有得到应有的广泛认可和关注。故选D项。
