27.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之不同的古代计时工具 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之一项新研究，即人造光会干扰蜜蜂的睡眠周期 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之“暗氧”的发现 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之面部表情丰富的人通常更受欢迎，社交上也更成功 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”——巨型老鼠 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解说明文的语言具有专业性、客观性、逻辑性强等特点，以下是具体分析：
篇章逻辑
过渡词丰富：为使文章层次分明、逻辑连贯，会使用大量的过渡词和连接词。如表示顺序的 “firstly”“secondly”“finally”；表示因果关系的 “because”“therefore”“thus”；表示转折关系的 “however”“but”“nevertheless”；表示并列关系的 “and”“also”“as well as” 等。
逻辑关系严谨：段落与段落、句子与句子之间逻辑关系紧密，通常按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，如时间顺序、空间顺序、因果关系、对比关系、分类关系等。例如在介绍某种产品的生产流程时，会按照时间顺序依次说明各个步骤；在比较不同文化的特点时，会采用对比关系进行阐述。
【词汇清障】
第一组
C&D1 文章词汇题
sundial A. 燃烧；着火
aflame B. 日晷
incense C. 香；焚香时的烟（或香气）
sandglass D. 沙漏
clepsydra E. 水钟；滴漏
C&D2 文章词汇题
emit A. 至关重要的；决定性的
pollinator B. 散发；发出（光、热、声音、气味等）
crucial C. 传粉者
ecosystem D. 授粉；传粉
pollination E. 生态系统
C&D3 文章词汇题
sustain A. 重新校准；重新调节
conventional B. 支撑；维持；使保持
nodule C. 传统的；常规的
faulty D. 结核；小结节
recalibrate E. 有错误的；有缺点的
C&D4 文章词汇题
expressive A. 不照稿子念的；即兴的
semi - structured B. 易读性；清晰易懂
readability C. 半结构化的
unscripted D. 富有表现力的；表达能力强的
resolution E. 解决；消除
C&D5 文章词汇题
pouch A. 偷猎；偷捕
poach B. 小袋；育儿袋
smuggle C. 象牙
ivory D. 走私；偷运
olfactory E. 嗅觉的
第二组
C&D1 文章词汇题
knot A. 以一定间隔排列
evenly B. 把…… 打结；使交织
coarse C. 粉末状的；变成粉末的
powdered D. 粗糙的；粗的
variation E. 变化；变异
C&D2 文章词汇题
emerging A. 破坏；扰乱
disrupt B. 出现的；新兴的
nest C. 损害；削弱
impair D. 巢；窝；筑巢
exhibit E. 表现出；展览
C&D3 文章词汇题
critical A. 未开发的；未利用的
deposit B. 极其重要的；批判性的
untapped C. 矿床；沉积物；存款
faulty D. 开创性的；突破性的
groundbreaking E. 有错误的；有缺点的
C&D4 文章词汇题
initial A. 随后的；后来的
arouse B. 最初的；开始的
subsequently C. 激起；引起
dataset D. 数据集
likability E. 可爱；讨人喜欢
C&D5 文章词汇题
border - patrol A. 野生动物贸易
wildlife trade B. 边境巡逻
biodiversity C. 行为生态学家
behavioral ecologist D. 生物多样性
simulate E. 模拟；模仿
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·江西·期末）If you go back in history far enough, you’ll come to a time when there were no clocks or watches. Shadow clocks, such as sundials, were a “hot” item around 1500 BC． But these were only useful during the daytime and only on sunny days. Soon better ways were invented.
Ancient Chinese knotted (打结) a rope in equal distance, and set it aflame. As fire passed each knot, a period of time was counted off. Later, they spaced weights evenly along the rope and placed a bell beneath it. As the rope burned, the weights would drop and “ring out” the time! Chinese could even smell time passing! Incense (香) was laid in a network-structured plate, with different types of incense for different hours. As the incense burned, they knew it was time to get up!
Another ancient clock is called sandglass — or hourglass. It uses the flow of sand to measure a specific amount of time. The earliest known hourglass dates back to ancient Egypt around the 14th century BC． In most cases, the available sand was too coarse to run smoothly inside these sandglasses, so powdered eggshells had been selected as an alternative.
Clocks using flowing water are called a clepsydra. It released a specified quantity of water from one container to another, taking a particular time to do so. Perhaps the earliest came from Egypt around 1600 BC． The Greek and Roman army also used water-clocks to measure shift-work like night watches. It was more reliable than oil lamp, but the water flow still depended on the variation of water pressure in the container.
Today highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most of our electronic devices and the search for further development continues.
1．In ancient China, time could be told by __________.
A．bell volume B．rope weight C．incense smells D．knot size
2．What does the underlined word “coarse” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Loose. B．Rough. C．Firm. D．Soft.
3．What might be a drawback of a clepsydra
A．It was influenced by water pressure. B．It required constant attention.
C．It was less portable than the oil lamp. D．It had limited water capacity.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce varieties of ancient timers. B．To show respect for the greatness of time.
C．To compare the methods of marking time. D．To describe civilization of the old times.
C&D 2
In an emerging red flag for the digital era, sleep experts have warned us to avoid screen time in bed, sounding the alarm that light emitted from phones and other electronic devices can disrupt (扰乱) our sleep patterns.
Now, researchers have found that light disruption is not only a health concern for humans. A new study led by Professor James Nieh has found that artificial light disrupts the sleep-wake cycles of honey bees and poses a threat to their essential role as pollinators (传粉者).
Honey bees generally prefer to nest in dark environments and play a crucial role as pollinators of wild plants and important crops, providing services that support ecosystem stability and global food security. Without pollination, crops worth tens of millions of dollars would be at risk.
Like us, when bees experience a poor night’s sleep and disrupted sleep patterns, problems in behavior and function emerge. Sleep is crucial for the health and fitness of honey bees since they depend on a complicated system of communication known as the “waggle dance” that informs nest mates about the location of food sources in the environment. Bees dance more poorly and therefore do not communicate as well if they do not get enough sleep.
In the experiments, researchers compared groups of bees that sleep in the dark with others that were subjected to continuous artificial light. The results clearly showed that exposure to light for a long time significantly disrupted the sleep pattern of honey bees, leading to impaired (受损的) behaviors.
“Even without analyzing the data you can tell that there was something going on… the bees that were under constant light slept less and were more frequently disturbed by other bees compared to those kept in normal darkness. Also, bees under continuous light exhibited a preference for darker areas within their experimental cages,” said Nieh.
“Understanding the factors that affect bee health, such as light pollution, is essential for developing strategies to protect pollinator populations, and this research sheds new light on how such disturbances may be harming pollinators,” said Nieh.
5．What is the researchers’ new finding
A．Honey bees are highly active insects.
B．Artificial light is a danger to the ecosystem.
C．Electronic devices can disrupt people’s sleep patterns.
D．Bees’ health depends on the change of their environment.
6．Why is the waggle dance mentioned in the text
A．To prove the intelligence of honey bees.
B．To show how bees’ sleep pattern is disrupted.
C．To point out the importance of sleep for bees.
D．To indicate how bees are different from other insects.
7．What phenomenon appeared in the experiments
A．The energetic bees tended to sleep less.
B．The bees in the dark often disturbed each other.
C．The bees with impaired behaviors stopped dancing.
D．The bees exposed to constant artificial light preferred darkness.
8．Which statement might Nieh agree with
A．Light pollution is killing bees in nature.
B．Light pollution is not a small thing for bees.
C．Bees dance better in the sun than in the street light.
D．Bees change their sleep pattern to adapt to the environment.
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·江西·期末）It’s one of the earliest things you learn in elementary school — Earth’s life-sustaining oxygen is produced by plants during photosynthesis (光合作用) using a combination of CO and sunlight. But the recent discovery of what researchers call “dark oxygen” may challenge conventional theories of how the critical element can be created — and potentially change our understanding of the origins of life.
According to a study, natural mineral deposits known as polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) located at the bottom of the ocean appear capable of generating oxygen without any source of light. These nodules are found as far as 20,000 feet below the ocean surface and range in size from particles (粒子) to nodules as large as a human hand. Because they contain combinations of metals, they have long been regarded by large-scale mining companies as a potential untapped source of metals needed to produce batteries and other electronics. And they now seem far more vital to life within ocean ecosystems.
“When we first got this data, we thought the devices were faulty because every study ever done in the deep sea has only seen oxygen being consumed rather than produced,” Sweetman says in an accompanying statement. “We would come home and recalibrate the devices, but, over the course of 10 years, these strange oxygen readings kept showing up.” After double-checking the findings using different equipment, Sweetman and his team knew they were “onto something groundbreaking and unthought-of.”
“It appears that we discovered a natural ‘geobattery’,” Geiger says in a statement. “These geobatteries are the basis for a possible explanation of the ocean’s dark oxygen production. The existence and possible source of this dark oxygen may eventually rewrite the narrative of how life originated on Earth,” says Sweetman.
But polymetallic nodules may not have just helped start life on Earth — they may also continue to keep it going near the ocean floor. “We need to rethink how to mine these materials so that we do not use up the oxygen source for deep-sea life,” Geiger warns.
9．Why is the recent discovery of “dark oxygen” significant
A．It forced us to rethink the importance of photosynthesis.
B．It proves that plants are the only source of oxygen on Earth.
C．It indicates that oxygen can be produced without natural light.
D．It proves that scientific theories sometimes need to be questioned.
10．What can we know about polymetallic nodules
A．They are usually in large size. B．They have great industrial value.
C．They are primarily composed of rare metals. D．They can store CO for ocean creatures.
11．Which can best replace the underlined word “recalibrate” in paragraph 3
A．Adjust. B．Simplify. C．Connect. D．Discover.
12．What does the last paragraph indicate
A．Ocean nodules are the only source of dark oxygen.
B．Mining polymetallic nodules should be stopped immediately.
C．More research is needed on the approaches to mining ocean nodules.
D．The discovery of dark oxygen will lead to new mining techniques.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·山西·期末）A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, proposes that complex facial muscle movements evolved to strengthen social bonds and enhance social interactions.
In the initial phase, researchers engaged with 52 participants in semi-structure d video calls designed to get a range of everyday situations, such as humor, embarrassment and conflict. The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to arouse movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions.
Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like appearing friendly or disagreeable without being disliked. These clips (片段) were then rated by over 170 independent observers, assessing the readability of the emotions and expressions displayed.
The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’ s expressivity. Subsequently, the study extended to analyze an existing dataset of unscripted video conversations between 1,456 strangers, where the participants rated their conversational partners’ likability. The study revealed that individuals who were more expressive were consistently rated as more likable by both independent observers and their conversation partners. Additionally, these expressive individuals were easier to read and more skillful at using facial behaviors to attain their social goals.
“This is the first large-scale study to examine facial expression in real-world interactions,” the study’s lead author, Eithne Kavanagh, said in a statement. “Our evidence shows that facial expressivity is related to positive social outcomes. It suggests that more expressive people are more successful at attracting social partners and building relationships. It also could be important in conflict resolution.” The research highlights the significant role facial expressions play in successful social interactions, suggesting evolutionary benefits.
13．How did the researchers test the participants’ ability to hold facial expressions
A．By asking them to watch emotional videos and keep a still face.
B．By making them record videos of themselves crying or laughing.
C．By showing them pictures of different emotions and observing their reactions.
D．By having their partners try to make them produce facial movements.
14．What were the participants asked to do after the initial interactions
A．Rate the videos of other participants.
B．Record short videos under specific conditions.
C．Assess the readability of their own emotions.
D．Engage in further social interactions.
15．What can we learn about the FACS
A．It decides the social success of individuals. B．It is a tool to assess facial muscle activity.
C．It improves the likability of facial expressions. D．It is a method for promoting participants’ likability.
16．What can be the best title for the text
A．Facial Expressions: Important for Social Success B．FACS: A New Method for Social Science
C．The Development of Facial Muscle Movements D．The Importance of Expressivity in Daily Life
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·浙江·期末）Recently, African ports are expected to welcome a unique border-patrol (巡逻) “team” — Giant African Pouched Rats wearing small red vests. Relying on their remarkable sense of smell, they are about to play a crucial role in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.
In regions such as West Africa, the rich wildlife resources attract enormous tourists. However, poaching (偷猎) and smuggling (偷运) activities are pushing some species to the danger of extinction. Poachers, driven by huge profits, either capture animals for the illegal pet trade or cruelly kill elephants, rhinos, etc. to obtain ivory and rhino horns. These precious items are then smuggled to other countries for sale, severely disturbing local biodiversity.
Isabelle Szott, a behavioral ecologist, previously cooperated with the organization APOPO in Tanzania, which has successfully trained these rats for various tasks before, like detecting dangerous weapons and some infectious diseases. Given their excellent olfactory (嗅觉) ability, APOPO believes the rats also have great potential in port prevention and control.
Szott’s team carefully selected and trained 11 rats. In a specially-made training box in the laboratory, researchers placed different smell samples to teach the rats to identify the smells of poached animals. Each time a rat accurately detected the target smell and signaled, it received delicious food as a reward. After training, these rats can not only recognize the smells of elephant tusks, rhino horns and African blackwood, but also precisely distinguish them from 146 other smells.
Lab training is just the first step. Some rats then underwent field drills in simulated warehouses and real ports. When these rats get too old to work, they will “retire” honorably and enjoy their remaining years surrounded by fruits, vegetables, and dried fish. The involvement of Giant African Pouched Rats is expected to bring new hope to tackling wildlife poaching and smuggling.
17．Why are these rats a good choice for border-patrol
A．They are out of extinction. B．They are sensitive to the smell.
C．They can maintain local biodiversity. D．They can distract poachers’ attention.
18．What tasks have the African Pouched Rats been trained for before
A．Detecting threatening arms. B．Controlling wildlife products.
C．Protecting tourists in West Africa. D．Identifying different kinds of fruits.
19．How did the researchers train the 11 rats in the laboratory
A．They satisfy the rats’ appetite as bonus. B．They taught the rats to fit in the real fields.
C．They let the rats play with different samples. D．They led the rats to track the poachers’ smells.
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．New Hope Brought by APOPO for the Rats in Red Vests
B．Measures Taken to Prevent Poaching and Smuggling
C．The Remarkable Life of Giant African Pouched Rats
D．A New Force in Fighting Wildlife Smuggling27.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之不同的古代计时工具 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之一项新研究，即人造光会干扰蜜蜂的睡眠周期 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之“暗氧”的发现 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之面部表情丰富的人通常更受欢迎，社交上也更成功 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”——巨型老鼠 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解说明文的语言具有专业性、客观性、逻辑性强等特点，以下是具体分析：
篇章逻辑
过渡词丰富：为使文章层次分明、逻辑连贯，会使用大量的过渡词和连接词。如表示顺序的 “firstly”“secondly”“finally”；表示因果关系的 “because”“therefore”“thus”；表示转折关系的 “however”“but”“nevertheless”；表示并列关系的 “and”“also”“as well as” 等。
逻辑关系严谨：段落与段落、句子与句子之间逻辑关系紧密，通常按照一定的逻辑顺序展开，如时间顺序、空间顺序、因果关系、对比关系、分类关系等。例如在介绍某种产品的生产流程时，会按照时间顺序依次说明各个步骤；在比较不同文化的特点时，会采用对比关系进行阐述。
【词汇清障】
第一组
C&D1 文章词汇题
sundial A. 燃烧；着火
aflame B. 日晷
incense C. 香；焚香时的烟（或香气）
sandglass D. 沙漏
clepsydra E. 水钟；滴漏
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - C；4 - D；5 - E
C&D2 文章词汇题
emit A. 至关重要的；决定性的
pollinator B. 散发；发出（光、热、声音、气味等）
crucial C. 传粉者
ecosystem D. 授粉；传粉
pollination E. 生态系统
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - E；5 - D
C&D3 文章词汇题
sustain A. 重新校准；重新调节
conventional B. 支撑；维持；使保持
nodule C. 传统的；常规的
faulty D. 结核；小结节
recalibrate E. 有错误的；有缺点的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - E；5 - A
C&D4 文章词汇题
expressive A. 不照稿子念的；即兴的
semi - structured B. 易读性；清晰易懂
readability C. 半结构化的
unscripted D. 富有表现力的；表达能力强的
resolution E. 解决；消除
答案：1 - D；2 - C；3 - B；4 - A；5 - E
C&D5 文章词汇题
pouch A. 偷猎；偷捕
poach B. 小袋；育儿袋
smuggle C. 象牙
ivory D. 走私；偷运
olfactory E. 嗅觉的
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
C&D1 文章词汇题
knot A. 以一定间隔排列
evenly B. 把…… 打结；使交织
coarse C. 粉末状的；变成粉末的
powdered D. 粗糙的；粗的
variation E. 变化；变异
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D2 文章词汇题
emerging A. 破坏；扰乱
disrupt B. 出现的；新兴的
nest C. 损害；削弱
impair D. 巢；窝；筑巢
exhibit E. 表现出；展览
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D3 文章词汇题
critical A. 未开发的；未利用的
deposit B. 极其重要的；批判性的
untapped C. 矿床；沉积物；存款
faulty D. 开创性的；突破性的
groundbreaking E. 有错误的；有缺点的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - E；5 - D
C&D4 文章词汇题
initial A. 随后的；后来的
arouse B. 最初的；开始的
subsequently C. 激起；引起
dataset D. 数据集
likability E. 可爱；讨人喜欢
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
C&D5 文章词汇题
border - patrol A. 野生动物贸易
wildlife trade B. 边境巡逻
biodiversity C. 行为生态学家
behavioral ecologist D. 生物多样性
simulate E. 模拟；模仿
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·江西·期末）If you go back in history far enough, you’ll come to a time when there were no clocks or watches. Shadow clocks, such as sundials, were a “hot” item around 1500 BC． But these were only useful during the daytime and only on sunny days. Soon better ways were invented.
Ancient Chinese knotted (打结) a rope in equal distance, and set it aflame. As fire passed each knot, a period of time was counted off. Later, they spaced weights evenly along the rope and placed a bell beneath it. As the rope burned, the weights would drop and “ring out” the time! Chinese could even smell time passing! Incense (香) was laid in a network-structured plate, with different types of incense for different hours. As the incense burned, they knew it was time to get up!
Another ancient clock is called sandglass — or hourglass. It uses the flow of sand to measure a specific amount of time. The earliest known hourglass dates back to ancient Egypt around the 14th century BC． In most cases, the available sand was too coarse to run smoothly inside these sandglasses, so powdered eggshells had been selected as an alternative.
Clocks using flowing water are called a clepsydra. It released a specified quantity of water from one container to another, taking a particular time to do so. Perhaps the earliest came from Egypt around 1600 BC． The Greek and Roman army also used water-clocks to measure shift-work like night watches. It was more reliable than oil lamp, but the water flow still depended on the variation of water pressure in the container.
Today highly accurate timekeeping instruments set the beat for most of our electronic devices and the search for further development continues.
1．In ancient China, time could be told by __________.
A．bell volume B．rope weight C．incense smells D．knot size
2．What does the underlined word “coarse” in paragraph 3 probably mean
A．Loose. B．Rough. C．Firm. D．Soft.
3．What might be a drawback of a clepsydra
A．It was influenced by water pressure. B．It required constant attention.
C．It was less portable than the oil lamp. D．It had limited water capacity.
4．What is the author’s purpose in writing the text
A．To introduce varieties of ancient timers. B．To show respect for the greatness of time.
C．To compare the methods of marking time. D．To describe civilization of the old times.
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．A 4．A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了不同的古代计时工具，如日晷、结绳、焚香、沙漏以及水钟等。
1．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Chinese could even smell time passing! Incense was laid in a network-structured plate, with different types of incense for different hours. As the incense burned, they knew it was time to get up! (中国人甚至可以闻到时间的流逝！香被放置在一个网状结构的盘子里，不同的香放置在不同的时间。当香烧起来的时候，他们知道该起床了)”可知，在古代中国，人们可以通过香的气味来判断时间。故选C项。
2．词句猜测题。根据画线词的下文“to run smoothly inside these sandglasses, so powdered eggshells had been selected as an alternative. (在沙漏中顺利流动，所以蛋壳粉被选为替代品)”可推知，沙子粗糙才会影响其在沙漏中顺利流动，使得更为细腻的蛋壳粉成为替代品。因此，画线词意思是“粗糙的”，与Rough“（表面）粗糙的，不平的”意思相近。故选B项。
3．细节理解题。根据第四段中“It was more reliable than oil lamp, but the water flow still depended on the variation of water pressure in the container. (它比油灯更可靠，但水流量仍然取决于容器内水压的变化)”可知，水钟的水流量依赖容器内水压的变化，这是它的一个缺点。故选A项。
4．推理判断题。通读全文可知，文章介绍了不同的古代计时工具，如日晷、结绳、焚香、沙漏以及水钟等，整体围绕多种古代计时工具展开描述，详细说明了它们的工作原理、起源等信息。由此推知，作者的写作目的是介绍各种古代计时器。故选A项。
C&D 2
In an emerging red flag for the digital era, sleep experts have warned us to avoid screen time in bed, sounding the alarm that light emitted from phones and other electronic devices can disrupt (扰乱) our sleep patterns.
Now, researchers have found that light disruption is not only a health concern for humans. A new study led by Professor James Nieh has found that artificial light disrupts the sleep-wake cycles of honey bees and poses a threat to their essential role as pollinators (传粉者).
Honey bees generally prefer to nest in dark environments and play a crucial role as pollinators of wild plants and important crops, providing services that support ecosystem stability and global food security. Without pollination, crops worth tens of millions of dollars would be at risk.
Like us, when bees experience a poor night’s sleep and disrupted sleep patterns, problems in behavior and function emerge. Sleep is crucial for the health and fitness of honey bees since they depend on a complicated system of communication known as the “waggle dance” that informs nest mates about the location of food sources in the environment. Bees dance more poorly and therefore do not communicate as well if they do not get enough sleep.
In the experiments, researchers compared groups of bees that sleep in the dark with others that were subjected to continuous artificial light. The results clearly showed that exposure to light for a long time significantly disrupted the sleep pattern of honey bees, leading to impaired (受损的) behaviors.
“Even without analyzing the data you can tell that there was something going on… the bees that were under constant light slept less and were more frequently disturbed by other bees compared to those kept in normal darkness. Also, bees under continuous light exhibited a preference for darker areas within their experimental cages,” said Nieh.
“Understanding the factors that affect bee health, such as light pollution, is essential for developing strategies to protect pollinator populations, and this research sheds new light on how such disturbances may be harming pollinators,” said Nieh.
5．What is the researchers’ new finding
A．Honey bees are highly active insects.
B．Artificial light is a danger to the ecosystem.
C．Electronic devices can disrupt people’s sleep patterns.
D．Bees’ health depends on the change of their environment.
6．Why is the waggle dance mentioned in the text
A．To prove the intelligence of honey bees.
B．To show how bees’ sleep pattern is disrupted.
C．To point out the importance of sleep for bees.
D．To indicate how bees are different from other insects.
7．What phenomenon appeared in the experiments
A．The energetic bees tended to sleep less.
B．The bees in the dark often disturbed each other.
C．The bees with impaired behaviors stopped dancing.
D．The bees exposed to constant artificial light preferred darkness.
8．Which statement might Nieh agree with
A．Light pollution is killing bees in nature.
B．Light pollution is not a small thing for bees.
C．Bees dance better in the sun than in the street light.
D．Bees change their sleep pattern to adapt to the environment.
【答案】5．B 6．C 7．D 8．B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一项新研究，即人造光会干扰蜜蜂的睡眠周期，并对其作为传粉者的重要角色构成威胁。
5．推理判断题。根据第二段中“A new study led by Professor James Nieh has found that artificial light disrupts the sleep-wake cycles of honey bees and poses a threat to their essential role as pollinators (传粉者).(詹姆斯·尼教授领导的一项新研究发现，人造光会干扰蜜蜂的睡眠觉醒周期，并对其作为传粉者的基本角色构成威胁)”可推知，研究人员的新发现是人造光干扰了蜜蜂的睡眠周期，影响了其传粉的角色，这对生态系统来说是一种威胁。故选B项。
6．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Sleep is crucial for the health and fitness of honey bees since they depend on a complicated system of communication known as the “waggle dance” that informs nest mates about the location of food sources in the environment. Bees dance more poorly and therefore do not communicate as well if they do not get enough sleep.(睡眠对蜜蜂的健康和体质至关重要，因为它们依赖于一种复杂的交流系统，即“摇摆舞”，来告知巢友环境中食物来源的位置。如果蜜蜂睡眠不足，它们的舞蹈就会更差，因此交流也会受到影响)”可知，文中提到“摇摆舞”是为了指出睡眠对蜜蜂的重要性。故选C项。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中“Also, bees under continuous light exhibited a preference for darker areas within their experimental cages(此外，在持续光照下的蜜蜂表现出对实验笼内较暗区域的偏好)”可知，在实验中，持续暴露在人造光下的蜜蜂更喜欢黑暗。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。根据最后一段““Understanding the factors that affect bee health, such as light pollution, is essential for developing strategies to protect pollinator populations, and this research sheds new light on how such disturbances may be harming pollinators,” said Nieh.(“了解影响蜜蜂健康的因素，如光污染，对于制定保护传粉者种群的策略至关重要，这项研究为这些干扰如何可能损害传粉者提供了新的见解，”尼说)”可知，尼认为光污染对蜜蜂来说不是一件小事，因为它可能损害蜜蜂。故选B项。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·江西·期末）It’s one of the earliest things you learn in elementary school — Earth’s life-sustaining oxygen is produced by plants during photosynthesis (光合作用) using a combination of CO and sunlight. But the recent discovery of what researchers call “dark oxygen” may challenge conventional theories of how the critical element can be created — and potentially change our understanding of the origins of life.
According to a study, natural mineral deposits known as polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) located at the bottom of the ocean appear capable of generating oxygen without any source of light. These nodules are found as far as 20,000 feet below the ocean surface and range in size from particles (粒子) to nodules as large as a human hand. Because they contain combinations of metals, they have long been regarded by large-scale mining companies as a potential untapped source of metals needed to produce batteries and other electronics. And they now seem far more vital to life within ocean ecosystems.
“When we first got this data, we thought the devices were faulty because every study ever done in the deep sea has only seen oxygen being consumed rather than produced,” Sweetman says in an accompanying statement. “We would come home and recalibrate the devices, but, over the course of 10 years, these strange oxygen readings kept showing up.” After double-checking the findings using different equipment, Sweetman and his team knew they were “onto something groundbreaking and unthought-of.”
“It appears that we discovered a natural ‘geobattery’,” Geiger says in a statement. “These geobatteries are the basis for a possible explanation of the ocean’s dark oxygen production. The existence and possible source of this dark oxygen may eventually rewrite the narrative of how life originated on Earth,” says Sweetman.
But polymetallic nodules may not have just helped start life on Earth — they may also continue to keep it going near the ocean floor. “We need to rethink how to mine these materials so that we do not use up the oxygen source for deep-sea life,” Geiger warns.
9．Why is the recent discovery of “dark oxygen” significant
A．It forced us to rethink the importance of photosynthesis.
B．It proves that plants are the only source of oxygen on Earth.
C．It indicates that oxygen can be produced without natural light.
D．It proves that scientific theories sometimes need to be questioned.
10．What can we know about polymetallic nodules
A．They are usually in large size. B．They have great industrial value.
C．They are primarily composed of rare metals. D．They can store CO for ocean creatures.
11．Which can best replace the underlined word “recalibrate” in paragraph 3
A．Adjust. B．Simplify. C．Connect. D．Discover.
12．What does the last paragraph indicate
A．Ocean nodules are the only source of dark oxygen.
B．Mining polymetallic nodules should be stopped immediately.
C．More research is needed on the approaches to mining ocean nodules.
D．The discovery of dark oxygen will lead to new mining techniques.
【答案】9．C 10．B 11．A 12．C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“暗氧”的发现，即深海多金属结核能在无光情况下产生氧气，挑战了传统氧气生成理论，并可能改变对生命起源的理解，同时指出对多金属结核的开采方式需重新思考以保护深海生态系统。
9．细节理解题。根据第一段中“But the recent discovery of what researchers call “dark oxygen” may challenge conventional theories of how the critical element can be created — and potentially change our understanding of the origins of life. (但最近研究人员所谓的“暗氧”的发现可能会挑战传统的理论，即这种关键元素是如何产生的，并有可能改变我们对生命起源的理解)”和第二段中“According to a study, natural mineral deposits known as polymetallic nodules (多金属结核) located at the bottom of the ocean appear capable of generating oxygen without any source of light. (根据一项研究，位于海底的被称为多金属结核的天然矿藏似乎能够在没有任何光源的情况下产生氧气)”可知，“暗氧”的发现重要之处在于表明氧气可以在没有自然光的情况下产生。故选C项。
10．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Because they contain combinations of metals, they have long been regarded by large-scale mining companies as a potential untapped source of metals needed to produce batteries and other electronics. (由于它们含有多种金属，因此长期以来一直被大型矿业公司视为生产电池和其他电子产品所需的潜在未开发金属资源)”可知，多金属结核具有很大的工业价值。故选B项。
11．词句猜测题。画线词的前文“When we first got this data, we thought the devices were faulty because every study ever done in the deep sea has only seen oxygen being consumed rather than produced (当我们第一次得到这些数据时，我们认为这些设备有问题，因为在深海中进行的每项研究都只看到氧气被消耗而不是产生)”提到研究人员一开始认为设备有故障，结合画线词的后文“the devices (这些设备)”可推知，他们是对设备进行调整，看是否能解决问题，画线词意思应该是“调整，校准”，与Adjust意思一致。故选A项。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“But polymetallic nodules may not have just helped start life on Earth — they may also continue to keep it going near the ocean floor. “We need to rethink how to mine these materials so that we do not use up the oxygen source for deep-sea life,” Geiger warns. (但多金属结核可能不仅帮助地球上的生命开始——它们还可能继续使其在海底附近继续生存。Geiger警告说：“我们需要重新考虑如何开采这些材料，这样我们就不会耗尽深海生物的氧气来源。”)”可知，多金属结核可能有其他作用，且Geiger认为开采这些材料的方式需要确保不耗尽深海生物的氧气来源，这表明对于开采海洋多金属结核的方法需要更多研究。故选C项。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·山西·期末）A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful. The research, which analyzed over 1,500 natural conversations, proposes that complex facial muscle movements evolved to strengthen social bonds and enhance social interactions.
In the initial phase, researchers engaged with 52 participants in semi-structure d video calls designed to get a range of everyday situations, such as humor, embarrassment and conflict. The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to arouse movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions.
Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like appearing friendly or disagreeable without being disliked. These clips (片段) were then rated by over 170 independent observers, assessing the readability of the emotions and expressions displayed.
The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’ s expressivity. Subsequently, the study extended to analyze an existing dataset of unscripted video conversations between 1,456 strangers, where the participants rated their conversational partners’ likability. The study revealed that individuals who were more expressive were consistently rated as more likable by both independent observers and their conversation partners. Additionally, these expressive individuals were easier to read and more skillful at using facial behaviors to attain their social goals.
“This is the first large-scale study to examine facial expression in real-world interactions,” the study’s lead author, Eithne Kavanagh, said in a statement. “Our evidence shows that facial expressivity is related to positive social outcomes. It suggests that more expressive people are more successful at attracting social partners and building relationships. It also could be important in conflict resolution.” The research highlights the significant role facial expressions play in successful social interactions, suggesting evolutionary benefits.
13．How did the researchers test the participants’ ability to hold facial expressions
A．By asking them to watch emotional videos and keep a still face.
B．By making them record videos of themselves crying or laughing.
C．By showing them pictures of different emotions and observing their reactions.
D．By having their partners try to make them produce facial movements.
14．What were the participants asked to do after the initial interactions
A．Rate the videos of other participants.
B．Record short videos under specific conditions.
C．Assess the readability of their own emotions.
D．Engage in further social interactions.
15．What can we learn about the FACS
A．It decides the social success of individuals. B．It is a tool to assess facial muscle activity.
C．It improves the likability of facial expressions. D．It is a method for promoting participants’ likability.
16．What can be the best title for the text
A．Facial Expressions: Important for Social Success B．FACS: A New Method for Social Science
C．The Development of Facial Muscle Movements D．The Importance of Expressivity in Daily Life
【答案】13．D 14．B 15．B 16．A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了诺丁汉特伦特大学的一项新研究表明，面部表情丰富的人通常更受欢迎，社交上也更成功，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。
13．细节理解题。根据第二段“The participants were further challenged to maintain a still face while their partners attempted to arouse movement, testing their ability to control facial expressions.(参与者还被要求在他们的伙伴试图动起来时保持面部静止，以测试他们控制面部表情的能力)”可知，研究人员通过让参与者的伙伴试图引起他们面部运动，来测试参与者控制面部表情的能力，故选D。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段“Following these interactions, the participants recorded short videos, where they aimed to achieve specific social goals, like appearing friendly or disagreeable without being disliked.(在这些互动之后，参与者录制了短视频，他们的目的是实现特定的社交目标，比如在不被讨厌的情况下表现得友好或不讨人喜欢)”可知，在最初的互动之后，参与者被要求在特定条件下录制短视频，故选B。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段“The researchers applied the Facial Action Coding System (FACS), a method for measuring facial muscle activity, to evaluate each participant’ s expressivity.(研究人员使用面部动作编码系统（FACS），一种测量面部肌肉活动的方法，来评估每个参与者的表达能力)”可知，FACS 是一种评估面部肌肉活动的工具，故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段“A new study from Nottingham Trent University (NTU) indicates that people who are more facially expressive are generally more likable and socially successful.(诺丁汉特伦特大学的一项新研究表明，面部表情更丰富的人通常更讨人喜欢，在社交上也更成功)”结合文章主要讲述了诺丁汉特伦特大学的一项新研究表明，面部表情丰富的人通常更受欢迎，社交上也更成功，解释了研究开展的经过以及发现。可知，A选项“面部表情：对社交成功很重要”最符合文章标题。故选A。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·浙江·期末）Recently, African ports are expected to welcome a unique border-patrol (巡逻) “team” — Giant African Pouched Rats wearing small red vests. Relying on their remarkable sense of smell, they are about to play a crucial role in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.
In regions such as West Africa, the rich wildlife resources attract enormous tourists. However, poaching (偷猎) and smuggling (偷运) activities are pushing some species to the danger of extinction. Poachers, driven by huge profits, either capture animals for the illegal pet trade or cruelly kill elephants, rhinos, etc. to obtain ivory and rhino horns. These precious items are then smuggled to other countries for sale, severely disturbing local biodiversity.
Isabelle Szott, a behavioral ecologist, previously cooperated with the organization APOPO in Tanzania, which has successfully trained these rats for various tasks before, like detecting dangerous weapons and some infectious diseases. Given their excellent olfactory (嗅觉) ability, APOPO believes the rats also have great potential in port prevention and control.
Szott’s team carefully selected and trained 11 rats. In a specially-made training box in the laboratory, researchers placed different smell samples to teach the rats to identify the smells of poached animals. Each time a rat accurately detected the target smell and signaled, it received delicious food as a reward. After training, these rats can not only recognize the smells of elephant tusks, rhino horns and African blackwood, but also precisely distinguish them from 146 other smells.
Lab training is just the first step. Some rats then underwent field drills in simulated warehouses and real ports. When these rats get too old to work, they will “retire” honorably and enjoy their remaining years surrounded by fruits, vegetables, and dried fish. The involvement of Giant African Pouched Rats is expected to bring new hope to tackling wildlife poaching and smuggling.
17．Why are these rats a good choice for border-patrol
A．They are out of extinction. B．They are sensitive to the smell.
C．They can maintain local biodiversity. D．They can distract poachers’ attention.
18．What tasks have the African Pouched Rats been trained for before
A．Detecting threatening arms. B．Controlling wildlife products.
C．Protecting tourists in West Africa. D．Identifying different kinds of fruits.
19．How did the researchers train the 11 rats in the laboratory
A．They satisfy the rats’ appetite as bonus. B．They taught the rats to fit in the real fields.
C．They let the rats play with different samples. D．They led the rats to track the poachers’ smells.
20．Which of the following can be the best title for the text
A．New Hope Brought by APOPO for the Rats in Red Vests
B．Measures Taken to Prevent Poaching and Smuggling
C．The Remarkable Life of Giant African Pouched Rats
D．A New Force in Fighting Wildlife Smuggling
【答案】17．B 18．A 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了各港口将迎来一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”——巨型老鼠。
17．细节理解题。根据文章第一段最后“Relying on their remarkable sense of smell, they are about to play a crucial role in the fight against illegal wildlife trade.(凭借它们非凡的嗅觉，它们将在打击非法野生动物贸易中发挥至关重要的作用)”可知，巨型老鼠凭借其敏锐的嗅觉成为边境巡逻的好选择。故选B。
18．细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Isabelle Szott, a behavioral ecologist, previously cooperated with the organization APOPO in Tanzania, which has successfully trained these rats for various tasks before, like detecting dangerous weapons and some infectious diseases.(行为生态学家伊莎贝尔·肖特（Isabelle Szott）此前曾与坦桑尼亚的APOPO组织合作，该组织曾成功地训练这些老鼠完成各种任务，比如探测危险武器和一些传染病)”可知，这些老鼠以前进行过危险武器和传染病的探测。故选A。
19．细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Szott’s team carefully selected and trained 11 rats. In a specially-made training box in the laboratory, researchers placed different smell samples to teach the rats to identify the smells of poached animals. Each time a rat accurately detected the target smell and signaled, it received delicious food as a reward.(肖特的团队精心挑选并训练了11只老鼠。在实验室一个特制的训练箱里，研究人员放置了不同的气味样本，教老鼠识别被偷猎动物的气味。每当老鼠准确地探测到目标气味并发出信号时，它就会得到美味的食物作为奖励)”可知，只要识别出正确的味道，就会得到食物的奖励。故选A。
20．主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Recently, African ports are expected to welcome a unique border-patrol (巡逻) “team” — Giant African Pouched Rats wearing small red vests. Relying on their remarkable sense of smell, they are about to play a crucial role in the fight against illegal wildlife trade (近日，非洲各港口将迎来一支独特的边境巡逻“队伍”——身穿红色小背心的巨型非洲老鼠。凭借它们非凡的嗅觉，它们将在打击非法野生动物贸易中发挥至关重要的作用)”可知，本文主要讲述了非洲运用了巨型老鼠来打击非法野生动物贸易。D项“打击野生动物走私的新力量”符合主题，故选D。
