31.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之大脑中的杏仁核区域与食欲有关，特定神经元会促使小鼠过度进食高脂肪或高糖食物 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之越是生活在寒冷地方的人们，他们对冬天的心态越是健康 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之记录洪水影响下的个体 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之一项聚焦于智慧评判标准的研究 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之探讨了语言、教育和年龄等因素对人们使用数字健康工具舒适度的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
提高应对高考英语阅读理解说明文长难句的能力，可从知识积累、技能提升、练习巩固和心态调整等方面入手，具体方法如下：
扎实基础语法知识
系统学习语法体系：深入学习英语语法，全面掌握句子成分、词性、时态、语态、从句等基础语法知识，搭建完整的语法框架，这是理解长难句的基石。比如通过专门的语法书籍或在线课程，系统学习各种语法规则和用法。
强化特殊句式学习：对于强调句、倒装句、虚拟语气等特殊句式，要进行专项学习和练习，熟悉其结构特点和用法，明确不同句式所表达的特殊含义和语气。例如收集各类特殊句式的例句，分析其结构和语义。
扩充词汇储备
制定词汇学习计划：依据高考英语词汇大纲，每天安排一定量的词汇背诵任务，循序渐进增加词汇量。可利用词汇书、手机 APP 等工具辅助学习，如使用百词斩、墨墨背单词等 APP，利用碎片时间记忆单词。
结合语境记忆词汇：不要孤立地背单词，要将单词放在句子、文章中理解记忆，通过上下文猜测词义，加深对词汇含义和用法的理解，同时熟悉词汇在不同语境中的搭配和运用。比如阅读英语新闻、杂志文章等，在阅读过程中积累词汇。
【词汇清障】
第一组
C&D1 文章词汇题
responsible A. 肥胖；肥胖症
overeating B. 负责的；有责任的
neuron C. 过度进食；暴饮暴食
hedonic D. 神经元
obesity E. 享乐的；快乐的
C&D2 文章词汇题
curious A. 极端的；偏激的
phenomenon B. 好奇心的；稀奇的
polar C. 现象；非凡的人或事
outlook D. 极（地）的；磁极的
extreme E. 观点；前景
C&D3 文章词汇题
capture A. 创伤；痛苦经历
trauma B. 淹没；浸没
endure C. 捕捉；拍摄
profound D. 忍受；忍耐
submerge E. 深刻的；意义深远的
C&D4 文章词汇题
criteria A. 应用；运用
dimension B. 标准；准则
logic C. 维度；方面
application D. 逻辑；逻辑性
perceive E. 察觉；感知
C&D5 文章词汇题
access A. 动机；积极性
motivate B. 平衡；均衡
imbalance C. 获取；使用
privacy D. 隐私；私密
alternative E. 可供选择的事物
第二组
C&D1 文章词汇题
boost A. 映射；绘制
map out B. 疗法；治疗
strategy C. 促进；提高
therapeutic D. 副作用
side effect E. 策略；战略
C&D2 文章词汇题
psychologist A. 拥抱；欣然接受
harness B. 心理学家
adjust C. 利用；控制
adapt D. 调整；调节
hug E. 适应；使适应
C&D3 文章词汇题
convey A. 强调；着重
despair B. 传达；表达
emphasize C. 描绘；刻画
portray D. 大屠杀；浩劫
holocaust E. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事
C&D4 文章词汇题
assume A. 推断；推论
hypothetical B. 假设；假定
infer C. 一致性；连贯性
consistent D. 假设的；假定的
commonality E. 共性；共同特征
C&D5 文章词汇题
caregiver A. 住院治疗的
hospitalized B. 看护者；护理人员
engage C. 农村的；乡村的
rural D. 参与；从事
refill E. 再装满；再注满
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（2025·云南曲靖·一模）A region of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核) is responsible for powerful emotions like fear. Now, researchers have found the region may also be to blame for overeating. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Professor Bo Li has discovered a group of neurons (神经元) in the region that drives mice to eat fatty or sugary foods — even when they’ re not hungry.
Like most people, mice also tend to find foods high in fat and sugar the tastiest. They may enjoy these treats for pleasure, rather than for survival. The neurons Li and his colleagues studied cause this behavior, called hedonic (享乐的) eating.
“Even if the animal is supposed to stop eating because they are already full, if those neurons are still active, they can still drive those animals to eat more,” Li notes.
When the team switched off the specific neurons, mice weren’t drawn to the fatty and sugary foods that had attracted them before. “They just happily ate and stayed healthy,” Li says. “They not only stopped gaining weight, but also seemed to be much healthier overall.” Switching these neurons off reduced overeating and protected against obesity. It also boosted the animals’ physical activity, leading to weight loss and better health.
Li and his team are exploring ways to control the neurons that cause hedonic eating. The next step, he says, is to map out how these neurons respond to different types of food and see what makes them so sensitive. He hopes this collaboration will lead to new strategies for effective anti-obesity therapeutics (疗法).
Therapeutics targeting these neurons could lead to new treatments for obesity with minimal side effects. “The medications currently available to aid weight management can cause significant side effects. So, a more targeted approach is needed,” Li says. “Identifying the brain neurons that controls eating is important for developing better treatment options for people who struggle to control their weight.”
1．What does the study focus on
A．The causes of becoming overweight. B．The connection between brain and fear.
C．The link between brain and appetite. D．The effects of fatty and sugary food.
2．What happen to mice when specific neurons in the amygdala are switched off
A．They are attracted by fatty and sugary products. B．They are more likely to be victims of obesity.
C．They suffer a complete loss of appetite for food. D．They increase physical activity and get better health.
3．What does Professor Bo Li want to do next
A．Know more about specific neurons in the amygdala. B．Test new therapeutics on people with obesity.
C．Identify side effects of treatments for obesity. D．Use current methods to treat eating disorders.
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The significance of the study. B．The limitation of the study.
C．The challenges of the study. D．The possible reason for the finding.
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）A decade ago, Kari Leibowitz traveled to Tromso, a city located above the Arctic Circle in Norway, to study a curious phenomenon. Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity.
This positive outlook toward the season is what Leibowitz calls “wintertime mindset (心态)”. She has also observed it among people in her research trips across Scandinavia, the Nordic region, northern Japan and other places with extreme winters.
Leibowitz, a health psychologist explains how to hug this attitude in a book published in October, How to Winter, Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark, or Difficult Days. “Winter can be comfortable, magical and refreshing.” she says. “We just need to lead ourselves toward the good things about it.
In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice. When they have such an extreme change between seasons, they need to adjust their behavior and adapt the way they’re living according to the season. This adaptation is really healthy and useful.
Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing.
5．What will you experience in the city Tromso
A．You can experience the polar day. B．You can’t see the sun for 2 months.
C．You can’t admire the moon for long. D．You can watch the sun rise every day.
6．What is the residents’ attitude toward the long winter in Tromso
A．Depressed. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic
7．Which one belongs to Leibowitz’s winter rime mindset
A．Winter is cold, wonderful but uncomfortable and unpleasant.
B．People in colder countries don’t understand the magic of winter.
C．The more positive your mindset, the more likely you are to enjoy winter.
D．People who live in the further north usually don’t like winter.
8．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．The definition of mindset. B．The influence of mindset.
C．The attitude towards winter. D．The activities in winter.
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·江西·期末）Gideon Mendel, a photojournalist who has been documenting climate change through his series “Submerged Portraits”. Starting his project in 2007, Mendel’s goal is to make the impact of climate change on human deeply felt, moving away from typical imagery of glaciers and polar bears to focus on flood-affected individuals.
He goes where the floods are — floods typically linked to climate change. But instead of racing to capture ongoing storms and rainfall, he waits for the water to settle and tries to capture the trauma(创伤)endured by communities. His subjects stand still in their flooded homes, creating heart-breaking images that convey both aesthetic(美学的)beauty and profound content. These portraits come from 13 different flood zones across the globe, demonstrating the wide existence of climate change impacts.
As Mendel continues his work, he shifts towards video, creating installations(装置)like Deluge, which is part of the photography exhibition “Coal + Ice” at New York’s Asia Society. The exhibition, showing videos of flood survivors returning home, emphasizes the personal and global consequences of climate change.
“He makes it human and real, that we are all vulnerable and impacted by climate change, regardless of where we live or what our income is,” commented Tzeporah Berman, chair and founder of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative, after viewing Deluge. “He brings to life not just what’s happening in the landscape but shows the despair in people’s faces.”
Mendel’s long-term mission to portray trauma connects deeply with his family history of the Holocaust, influencing both his artistic and activist pursuits. Despite the connection, he says, “Real activists take risks and go to prison and put themselves on the line. I only put my pictures online.”
9．What effect may Mendel’s photographs of flood survivors have on viewers
A．Calming. B．Touching. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
10．What do we know about “Coal+ Ice”
A．It focuses on historical flood events.
B．It highlights the impact of climate change.
C．It gives birth to installations like Deluge.
D．It displays the aesthetic beauty of flood zones.
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Mendel only cares about online exposure.
B．Mendel takes the same risks as real activists.
C．Mendel holds a humble attitude towards his efforts.
D．Mendel’s mission is irrelevant to his family history.
12．Which of the following best describes Mendel
A．Devoted and sympathetic. B．Passionate and humorous.
C．Ambitious and courageous. D．Thoughtful and generous.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. In today’s world, where we face unexpected challenges, the pursuit for wisdom remains as relevant as ever.
But what are the criteria for judging wisdom This age-old question has puzzled great minds for centuries. And do they vary around the world To answer these questions, we conducted a study asking 2,707 participants from 16 cultures to compare 10 hypothetical (假想的) persons. For example, the participants compared “a scientist who gathers information about animals” with “a teacher who educates kids about history”. They decided who was more likely to use effective ways to deal with complex situations when trying to make a difficult choice. Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. We analyzed all these comparisons to work out the hidden dimensions the participants relied upon and calculated the weight they gave to these dimensions when inferring the wisdom of these characters.
Our findings revealed that when people make judgments about wisdom, they essentially link wisdom to two key dimensions — reflective orientation (反思性建构) and social emotional awareness. Reflective orientation involves logic, reason, control over emotions, and the application of past experiences. On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. The two dimensions are closely related, and people think about both of them when determining whether to label a character as wise.
We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. The former involves recognizing who is competent to make things happen, which is consistent with reflective orientation. The latter requires abilities related to social emotional awareness.
13．What is the assumption in Paragraph 1 about
A．Making a choice. B．Breaking a promise.
C．Setting a career goal. D．Keeping a relationship.
14．What did the participants do in the study
A．They evaluated individual wisdom. B．They analyzed wisdom dimensions.
C．They compared real-life wise persons. D．They addressed challenging situations.
15．In which case is social emotional awareness involved
A．A student interprets questions to a classmate.
B．A scientist reaches conclusions from evidences.
C．A boss chooses a green hand to serve key customers.
D．A teacher takes time to learn students’ practical needs.
16．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．Distinctions of human needs. B．Similarity in rating wisdom.
C．Methods of gaining wisdom. D．Interflow among cultures.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·河南周口·期末）Digital health tools, such as treatment apps and online appointment schedulers, are increasingly common. But not everyone is equally at home using them.
To find out how language, education and age may affect a person’s comfort in using digital tools, UC San Francisco researchers surveyed caregivers of hospitalized children at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals. The researchers found that being a Spanish speaker, having less education, and being older all made people feel less comfortable with digital health tools.
Digital health tools are meant to improve health access and outcomes, but they must be useful for people from all backgrounds to avoid deepening existing health imbalances. Naomi Bardach, MD, professor of children’s healthcare at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals, said, “We don’t want to leave people behind, whether they are older adults, people with lower education, or those of a specific race, or language background.”
Researchers asked how well people felt they could engage with digital tools, how motivated they were to use them, and how safe and in control they felt while they were using them. This was intended to measure people’s concerns about the privacy of digital health tools. Education was the most important factor, after language. Having a high school education or less was most strongly associated with lower scores in all three areas measured.
Latinx and Black caregivers scored significantly lower on “feeling safe and in control” with digital tools. Rural caregivers, however, scored higher on the privacy measure, and they were more motivated to use digital tools. Those over 45 were less motivated to use digital tools, and they also felt less safe and in control while using them. But they felt able to engage with them if they wanted to.
“Accessing these tools affects all kinds of things, like requesting medication refills online, tracking the number of steps per day, or helping a child play a healing game for ADHD, ” Bardach said. “We all need to be thinking about how to make sure people can use them comfortably, and if they can’t, how to provide an alternative.”
17．What aspects could be influenced by using digital health tools from paragraph 3
A．Medical staff’s work. B．The process of using tool.
C．Patient-Doctor relationship. D．Equal health access.
18．What do researchers want to do by asking so many “how” questions
A．Judge the skills in using the tools. B．Analyze the importance of languages.
C．Assess the unease related to privacy issues. D．Find the link between education and scores.
19．What does the result of the research tell us
A．Age determines tool use. B．Rural people shows supreme skills.
C．Groups vary in using digital tools. D．People overstress safety in tool use.
20．What can be inferred from Bardach’s words in the last paragraph
A．Tool accessibility is key. B．Safety impacts treatment.
C．Everyone masters tool use. D．Alternative use is complex.31.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之大脑中的杏仁核区域与食欲有关，特定神经元会促使小鼠过度进食高脂肪或高糖食物 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之越是生活在寒冷地方的人们，他们对冬天的心态越是健康 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之记录洪水影响下的个体 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之一项聚焦于智慧评判标准的研究 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之探讨了语言、教育和年龄等因素对人们使用数字健康工具舒适度的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
提高应对高考英语阅读理解说明文长难句的能力，可从知识积累、技能提升、练习巩固和心态调整等方面入手，具体方法如下：
扎实基础语法知识
系统学习语法体系：深入学习英语语法，全面掌握句子成分、词性、时态、语态、从句等基础语法知识，搭建完整的语法框架，这是理解长难句的基石。比如通过专门的语法书籍或在线课程，系统学习各种语法规则和用法。
强化特殊句式学习：对于强调句、倒装句、虚拟语气等特殊句式，要进行专项学习和练习，熟悉其结构特点和用法，明确不同句式所表达的特殊含义和语气。例如收集各类特殊句式的例句，分析其结构和语义。
扩充词汇储备
制定词汇学习计划：依据高考英语词汇大纲，每天安排一定量的词汇背诵任务，循序渐进增加词汇量。可利用词汇书、手机 APP 等工具辅助学习，如使用百词斩、墨墨背单词等 APP，利用碎片时间记忆单词。
结合语境记忆词汇：不要孤立地背单词，要将单词放在句子、文章中理解记忆，通过上下文猜测词义，加深对词汇含义和用法的理解，同时熟悉词汇在不同语境中的搭配和运用。比如阅读英语新闻、杂志文章等，在阅读过程中积累词汇。
【词汇清障】
第一组
C&D1 文章词汇题
responsible A. 肥胖；肥胖症
overeating B. 负责的；有责任的
neuron C. 过度进食；暴饮暴食
hedonic D. 神经元
obesity E. 享乐的；快乐的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - E；5 - A
C&D2 文章词汇题
curious A. 极端的；偏激的
phenomenon B. 好奇心的；稀奇的
polar C. 现象；非凡的人或事
outlook D. 极（地）的；磁极的
extreme E. 观点；前景
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - E；5 - A
C&D3 文章词汇题
capture A. 创伤；痛苦经历
trauma B. 淹没；浸没
endure C. 捕捉；拍摄
profound D. 忍受；忍耐
submerge E. 深刻的；意义深远的
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - D；4 - E；5 - B
C&D4 文章词汇题
criteria A. 应用；运用
dimension B. 标准；准则
logic C. 维度；方面
application D. 逻辑；逻辑性
perceive E. 察觉；感知
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
C&D5 文章词汇题
access A. 动机；积极性
motivate B. 平衡；均衡
imbalance C. 获取；使用
privacy D. 隐私；私密
alternative E. 可供选择的事物
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
C&D1 文章词汇题
boost A. 映射；绘制
map out B. 疗法；治疗
strategy C. 促进；提高
therapeutic D. 副作用
side effect E. 策略；战略
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - E；4 - B；5 - D
C&D2 文章词汇题
psychologist A. 拥抱；欣然接受
harness B. 心理学家
adjust C. 利用；控制
adapt D. 调整；调节
hug E. 适应；使适应
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - E；5 - A
C&D3 文章词汇题
convey A. 强调；着重
despair B. 传达；表达
emphasize C. 描绘；刻画
portray D. 大屠杀；浩劫
holocaust E. 绝望；令人绝望的人或事
答案：1 - B；2 - E；3 - A；4 - C；5 - D
C&D4 文章词汇题
assume A. 推断；推论
hypothetical B. 假设；假定
infer C. 一致性；连贯性
consistent D. 假设的；假定的
commonality E. 共性；共同特征
答案：1 - B；2 - D；3 - A；4 - C；5 - E
C&D5 文章词汇题
caregiver A. 住院治疗的
hospitalized B. 看护者；护理人员
engage C. 农村的；乡村的
rural D. 参与；从事
refill E. 再装满；再注满
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（2025·云南曲靖·一模）A region of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核) is responsible for powerful emotions like fear. Now, researchers have found the region may also be to blame for overeating. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory (CSHL) Professor Bo Li has discovered a group of neurons (神经元) in the region that drives mice to eat fatty or sugary foods — even when they’ re not hungry.
Like most people, mice also tend to find foods high in fat and sugar the tastiest. They may enjoy these treats for pleasure, rather than for survival. The neurons Li and his colleagues studied cause this behavior, called hedonic (享乐的) eating.
“Even if the animal is supposed to stop eating because they are already full, if those neurons are still active, they can still drive those animals to eat more,” Li notes.
When the team switched off the specific neurons, mice weren’t drawn to the fatty and sugary foods that had attracted them before. “They just happily ate and stayed healthy,” Li says. “They not only stopped gaining weight, but also seemed to be much healthier overall.” Switching these neurons off reduced overeating and protected against obesity. It also boosted the animals’ physical activity, leading to weight loss and better health.
Li and his team are exploring ways to control the neurons that cause hedonic eating. The next step, he says, is to map out how these neurons respond to different types of food and see what makes them so sensitive. He hopes this collaboration will lead to new strategies for effective anti-obesity therapeutics (疗法).
Therapeutics targeting these neurons could lead to new treatments for obesity with minimal side effects. “The medications currently available to aid weight management can cause significant side effects. So, a more targeted approach is needed,” Li says. “Identifying the brain neurons that controls eating is important for developing better treatment options for people who struggle to control their weight.”
1．What does the study focus on
A．The causes of becoming overweight. B．The connection between brain and fear.
C．The link between brain and appetite. D．The effects of fatty and sugary food.
2．What happen to mice when specific neurons in the amygdala are switched off
A．They are attracted by fatty and sugary products. B．They are more likely to be victims of obesity.
C．They suffer a complete loss of appetite for food. D．They increase physical activity and get better health.
3．What does Professor Bo Li want to do next
A．Know more about specific neurons in the amygdala. B．Test new therapeutics on people with obesity.
C．Identify side effects of treatments for obesity. D．Use current methods to treat eating disorders.
4．What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A．The significance of the study. B．The limitation of the study.
C．The challenges of the study. D．The possible reason for the finding.
【答案】1．C 2．D 3．A 4．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、减肥
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。本文主要讲述了中国科学家李波教授及其团队的研究发现：大脑中的杏仁核区域与食欲有关，特定神经元会促使小鼠过度进食高脂肪或高糖食物。李教授团队正探索控制这些神经元的方法，以期开发出副作用更小的肥胖治疗新策略。
1．推理判断题。根据文章第一段“A region of the brain called the amygdala (杏仁核) is responsible for powerful emotions like fear. Now, researchers have found the region may also be to blame for overeating.( 大脑中一个被称为杏仁核的区域负责像恐惧这样强烈的情绪。现在，研究人员发现，该地区也可能是暴饮暴食的罪魁祸首)”可知，研究关注的是大脑杏仁核区域与过度进食之间的关系，即大脑与食欲之间的联系。故选C。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第四段中的“Switching these neurons off reduced overeating and protected against obesity. It also boosted the animals’ physical activity, leading to weight loss and better health.(关闭这些神经元可以减少暴饮暴食，防止肥胖。它还促进了动物的身体活动，导致体重减轻，更健康)”可知，当杏仁核中的特定神经元被关闭时，小鼠不再被高脂肪和高糖食物吸引，而且它们的身体活动增加，健康状况得到改善。因此，选项D“They increase physical activity and get better health.(它们增加身体活动并获得更好的健康)”符合题意。故选D。
3．细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段中的“Li and his team are exploring ways to control the neurons that cause hedonic eating. The next step, he says, is to map out how these neurons respond to different types of food and see what makes them so sensitive. (李和他的团队正在探索控制导致享乐性进食的神经元的方法。他说，下一步是绘制出这些神经元对不同类型食物的反应，看看是什么让它们如此敏感)”可知，李教授和他的团队正在探索控制导致享乐性进食的神经元的方法，下一步是绘制出这些神经元对不同类型食物的反应，并找出使它们如此敏感的原因。因此，选项A“Know more about specific neurons in the amygdala.(了解更多关于杏仁核中特定神经元的信息)”符合题意。故选A。
4．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“Therapeutics targeting these neurons could lead to new treatments for obesity with minimal side effects. (针对这些神经元的治疗方法可能会带来副作用最小的肥胖新疗法)”以及““Identifying the brain neurons that controls eating is important for developing better treatment options for people who struggle to control their weight.”(“确定控制饮食的大脑神经元对于为控制体重而挣扎的人开发更好的治疗方案非常重要。”)”可知，文章最后一段主要讲述了研究的意义，即针对这些神经元的治疗可能为肥胖提供新的、副作用最小的治疗方法，确定控制进食的大脑神经元对于为那些难以控制体重的人开发更好的治疗方案很重要。因此，选项A“The significance of the study.(研究的意义)”概括本段主要内容。故选A。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）A decade ago, Kari Leibowitz traveled to Tromso, a city located above the Arctic Circle in Norway, to study a curious phenomenon. Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity.
This positive outlook toward the season is what Leibowitz calls “wintertime mindset (心态)”. She has also observed it among people in her research trips across Scandinavia, the Nordic region, northern Japan and other places with extreme winters.
Leibowitz, a health psychologist explains how to hug this attitude in a book published in October, How to Winter, Harness Your Mindset to Thrive on Cold, Dark, or Difficult Days. “Winter can be comfortable, magical and refreshing.” she says. “We just need to lead ourselves toward the good things about it.
In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice. When they have such an extreme change between seasons, they need to adjust their behavior and adapt the way they’re living according to the season. This adaptation is really healthy and useful.
Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing.
5．What will you experience in the city Tromso
A．You can experience the polar day. B．You can’t see the sun for 2 months.
C．You can’t admire the moon for long. D．You can watch the sun rise every day.
6．What is the residents’ attitude toward the long winter in Tromso
A．Depressed. B．Concerned. C．Disappointed. D．Optimistic
7．Which one belongs to Leibowitz’s winter rime mindset
A．Winter is cold, wonderful but uncomfortable and unpleasant.
B．People in colder countries don’t understand the magic of winter.
C．The more positive your mindset, the more likely you are to enjoy winter.
D．People who live in the further north usually don’t like winter.
8．What does the last paragraph mainly tell us
A．The definition of mindset. B．The influence of mindset.
C．The attitude towards winter. D．The activities in winter.
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主讲述了健康心理学家Leibowitz通过自己去北极的经历并通过多年的研究表明：越是生活在寒冷地方的人们，他们对冬天的心态越是健康。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing.(虽然这座城市经历了极夜，一年中有两个月太阳不会在地平线上升起的黑暗时期，但它的居民并不倾向于认为漫长的冬天令人沮丧)”可知，你会在特罗姆瑟体验到2个月看不到太阳。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第一段“Although the city experiences polar night, a time of darkness when the sun doesn’t rise above the horizon for two months of the year, its residents didn’t tend to think the long winter as depressing. In fact, they saw it as a time of opportunity. (虽然这座城市经历了极夜，一年中有两个月太阳不会在地平线上升起的黑暗时期，但它的居民并不倾向于认为漫长的冬天令人沮丧。事实上，他们认为这是一个机会的时间)”可知他们的态度是非常积极和乐观的。故选D。
7．推理判断题。根据第四段“In fact, in a study from 2020, Leibowitz found that the further north people lived the more positive their wintertime mindset was, because they have no choice.(事实上，在2020年的一项研究中，莱博维茨发现，住得越靠北的人冬天的心态就越积极，因为他们别无选择)”和第五段“When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season.(当你的心态是冬天是美好的，你更有可能注意到并专注于你在这个季节喜欢的事情)”可知，莱博维茨的冬季心态是你的心态越积极，你就越有可能享受冬天。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据最后一段“Many studies have shown that mindsets impact our physical functioning, our emotional health, how we move throughout the world. When you have the mindset that winter is wonderful, you are more likely to notice and focus on the things you enjoy about the season. The way that going for an evening walk in the winter makes you feel refreshed, or the way that the indirect light of winter is really beautiful and extremely well-suited for comfortable activities like reading, baking or writing.(许多研究表明，心态会影响我们的身体机能、情绪健康，以及我们在世界上的行动方式。当你的心态是冬天是美好的，你更有可能注意到并专注于你在这个季节喜欢的事情。冬天晚上的散步让你感觉神清气爽，或者冬天的间接光线真的很美，非常适合阅读、烘焙或写作等舒适的活动)”可知，最后一段主要介绍了心态的影响力。故选B。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·江西·期末）Gideon Mendel, a photojournalist who has been documenting climate change through his series “Submerged Portraits”. Starting his project in 2007, Mendel’s goal is to make the impact of climate change on human deeply felt, moving away from typical imagery of glaciers and polar bears to focus on flood-affected individuals.
He goes where the floods are — floods typically linked to climate change. But instead of racing to capture ongoing storms and rainfall, he waits for the water to settle and tries to capture the trauma(创伤)endured by communities. His subjects stand still in their flooded homes, creating heart-breaking images that convey both aesthetic(美学的)beauty and profound content. These portraits come from 13 different flood zones across the globe, demonstrating the wide existence of climate change impacts.
As Mendel continues his work, he shifts towards video, creating installations(装置)like Deluge, which is part of the photography exhibition “Coal + Ice” at New York’s Asia Society. The exhibition, showing videos of flood survivors returning home, emphasizes the personal and global consequences of climate change.
“He makes it human and real, that we are all vulnerable and impacted by climate change, regardless of where we live or what our income is,” commented Tzeporah Berman, chair and founder of the Fossil Fuel Non-Proliferation Treaty Initiative, after viewing Deluge. “He brings to life not just what’s happening in the landscape but shows the despair in people’s faces.”
Mendel’s long-term mission to portray trauma connects deeply with his family history of the Holocaust, influencing both his artistic and activist pursuits. Despite the connection, he says, “Real activists take risks and go to prison and put themselves on the line. I only put my pictures online.”
9．What effect may Mendel’s photographs of flood survivors have on viewers
A．Calming. B．Touching. C．Refreshing. D．Challenging.
10．What do we know about “Coal+ Ice”
A．It focuses on historical flood events.
B．It highlights the impact of climate change.
C．It gives birth to installations like Deluge.
D．It displays the aesthetic beauty of flood zones.
11．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Mendel only cares about online exposure.
B．Mendel takes the same risks as real activists.
C．Mendel holds a humble attitude towards his efforts.
D．Mendel’s mission is irrelevant to his family history.
12．Which of the following best describes Mendel
A．Devoted and sympathetic. B．Passionate and humorous.
C．Ambitious and courageous. D．Thoughtful and generous.
【答案】9．B 10．B 11．C 12．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】说明文、气候变化及影响
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，介绍了摄影记者Gideon Mendel及其系列作品“Submerged Portraits”，该系列通过记录洪水影响下的个体，旨在直观展现气候变化的人文影响。Mendel的工作不仅限于摄影，还扩展到视频装置艺术，以此强调气候变化带来的全球性后果。
9．细节理解题。根据第二段“His subjects stand still in their flooded homes, creating heart-breaking images that convey both aesthetic beauty and profound content. (他的拍摄对象站在被洪水淹没的家园中，一动不动，创造出令人心碎的画面，这些画面既具有美学之美，又包含了深刻的内涵)”可知，Mendel的照片描绘了洪水幸存者在被淹没的家中的情景，这些图像既美丽又深刻，能够触动观众的情感，让他们感受到洪水带来的创伤。故选B。
10．细节理解题。根据第三段“The exhibition, showing videos of flood survivors returning home, emphasizes the personal and global consequences of climate change. (展览展示了洪水幸存者回家的视频，强调了气候变化对个人和全球的影响)”可知，“Coal+Ice”摄影展通过展示洪水幸存者返回家园的视频，突显了气候变化的影响。故选B。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Real activists take risks and go to prison and put themselves on the line. I only put my pictures online. (真正的活动家会冒险、坐牢，把自己置于危险之中。我只是把照片放到了网上)”可知，我们可以看出Mendel对自己的工作持有一种谦逊的态度。他承认自己并没有像真正的活动家那样冒很大的风险，只是通过网络分享图片。这表明他对自己的贡献有清晰的认识，并且不夸大自己的作用。故选C。
12．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“He makes it human and real, that we are all vulnerable and impacted by climate change, regardless of where we live or what our income is(他使其人性化且真实，即我们所有人都是脆弱的，并且受到气候变化的影响，无论我们生活在哪里或收入如何)”可知，Mendel的作品深刻地体现了他对全球各地人们面对气候变化时的脆弱性和影响的理解和同情。故选A。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·山东济南·期末）Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. In today’s world, where we face unexpected challenges, the pursuit for wisdom remains as relevant as ever.
But what are the criteria for judging wisdom This age-old question has puzzled great minds for centuries. And do they vary around the world To answer these questions, we conducted a study asking 2,707 participants from 16 cultures to compare 10 hypothetical (假想的) persons. For example, the participants compared “a scientist who gathers information about animals” with “a teacher who educates kids about history”. They decided who was more likely to use effective ways to deal with complex situations when trying to make a difficult choice. Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. We analyzed all these comparisons to work out the hidden dimensions the participants relied upon and calculated the weight they gave to these dimensions when inferring the wisdom of these characters.
Our findings revealed that when people make judgments about wisdom, they essentially link wisdom to two key dimensions — reflective orientation (反思性建构) and social emotional awareness. Reflective orientation involves logic, reason, control over emotions, and the application of past experiences. On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. The two dimensions are closely related, and people think about both of them when determining whether to label a character as wise.
We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. The former involves recognizing who is competent to make things happen, which is consistent with reflective orientation. The latter requires abilities related to social emotional awareness.
13．What is the assumption in Paragraph 1 about
A．Making a choice. B．Breaking a promise.
C．Setting a career goal. D．Keeping a relationship.
14．What did the participants do in the study
A．They evaluated individual wisdom. B．They analyzed wisdom dimensions.
C．They compared real-life wise persons. D．They addressed challenging situations.
15．In which case is social emotional awareness involved
A．A student interprets questions to a classmate.
B．A scientist reaches conclusions from evidences.
C．A boss chooses a green hand to serve key customers.
D．A teacher takes time to learn students’ practical needs.
16．What does the last paragraph focus on
A．Distinctions of human needs. B．Similarity in rating wisdom.
C．Methods of gaining wisdom. D．Interflow among cultures.
【答案】13．A 14．A 15．D 16．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了一项聚焦于智慧评判标准的研究，指出人们评判智慧主要基于反思取向和社会情感意识两个维度，且不同文化在评判智慧上有相似性。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段“Assume you have been offered a once-in-a-lifetime job opportunity abroad, but it means leaving behind your partner who can’t follow you. You start wondering how to make the wisest decision between your career goals and your commitment to the relationship. (假设你在国外得到了一个千载难逢的工作机会，但这意味着你要离开你的伴侣，因为他不能跟随你。你开始思考如何在你的职业目标和你对这段关系的承诺之间做出最明智的决定)”可知，这里假设了在职业目标和对感情的承诺之间做出选择的情境。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第二段中“Then, they rated the wisdom of each person. (然后，他们给每个人的智慧打分)”可知，这项研究的参与者评估个人的智慧。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据第三段中“On the other hand, social emotional awareness involves caring for others, active listening, and the ability to adapt to complex social situations. (另一方面，社会情感意识包括关心他人、积极倾听和适应复杂社会情境的能力)”可推知，“一位老师花时间了解学生的实际需求”体现了关心他人、积极倾听的能力，符合社会情感意识的范畴。故选D项。
16．主旨大意题。根据最后一段中“We also found a surprising commonality in how people around the world perceive wisdom in others, with both the key dimensions receiving a similar weighting across all cultures. This commonality is likely rooted in fundamental human needs: get ahead and get along. (我们还发现，在世界各地的人们如何看待他人的智慧方面，有一个惊人的共性，这两个关键维度在所有文化中都得到了相似的权重。这种共性很可能根植于人类的基本需求：出人头地，和睦相处)”可知，本段聚焦于各种文化在评估智慧方面的相似性。故选B项。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·河南周口·期末）Digital health tools, such as treatment apps and online appointment schedulers, are increasingly common. But not everyone is equally at home using them.
To find out how language, education and age may affect a person’s comfort in using digital tools, UC San Francisco researchers surveyed caregivers of hospitalized children at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals. The researchers found that being a Spanish speaker, having less education, and being older all made people feel less comfortable with digital health tools.
Digital health tools are meant to improve health access and outcomes, but they must be useful for people from all backgrounds to avoid deepening existing health imbalances. Naomi Bardach, MD, professor of children’s healthcare at UCSF Benioff Children’s Hospitals, said, “We don’t want to leave people behind, whether they are older adults, people with lower education, or those of a specific race, or language background.”
Researchers asked how well people felt they could engage with digital tools, how motivated they were to use them, and how safe and in control they felt while they were using them. This was intended to measure people’s concerns about the privacy of digital health tools. Education was the most important factor, after language. Having a high school education or less was most strongly associated with lower scores in all three areas measured.
Latinx and Black caregivers scored significantly lower on “feeling safe and in control” with digital tools. Rural caregivers, however, scored higher on the privacy measure, and they were more motivated to use digital tools. Those over 45 were less motivated to use digital tools, and they also felt less safe and in control while using them. But they felt able to engage with them if they wanted to.
“Accessing these tools affects all kinds of things, like requesting medication refills online, tracking the number of steps per day, or helping a child play a healing game for ADHD, ” Bardach said. “We all need to be thinking about how to make sure people can use them comfortably, and if they can’t, how to provide an alternative.”
17．What aspects could be influenced by using digital health tools from paragraph 3
A．Medical staff’s work. B．The process of using tool.
C．Patient-Doctor relationship. D．Equal health access.
18．What do researchers want to do by asking so many “how” questions
A．Judge the skills in using the tools. B．Analyze the importance of languages.
C．Assess the unease related to privacy issues. D．Find the link between education and scores.
19．What does the result of the research tell us
A．Age determines tool use. B．Rural people shows supreme skills.
C．Groups vary in using digital tools. D．People overstress safety in tool use.
20．What can be inferred from Bardach’s words in the last paragraph
A．Tool accessibility is key. B．Safety impacts treatment.
C．Everyone masters tool use. D．Alternative use is complex.
【答案】17．D 18．C 19．C 20．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要探讨了语言、教育和年龄等因素对人们使用数字健康工具舒适度的影响，以及这种影响可能带来的不平等问题。
17．细节理解题。根据第三段“Digital health tools are meant to improve health access and outcomes, but they must be useful for people from all backgrounds to avoid deepening existing health imbalances.(数字卫生工具旨在改善卫生服务的可及性和成果，但它们必须对所有背景的人都有用，以避免加深现有的卫生不平衡)”可知，使用数字健康工具会影响健康服务获取机会的平等性。故选D。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段“Researchers asked how well people felt they could engage with digital tools, how motivated they were to use them, and how safe and in control they felt while they were using them. This was intended to measure people’s concerns about the privacy of digital health tools.(研究人员询问了人们在使用数字工具时的感受，他们使用这些工具的动机，以及他们在使用这些工具时的安全感和控制感。这是为了衡量人们对数字健康工具隐私的担忧)”可知，研究人员问了这么多“如何”的问题是想评估与隐私问题相关的不安。故选C。
19．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Latinx and Black caregivers scored significantly lower on “feeling safe and in control” with digital tools. Rural caregivers, however, scored higher on the privacy measure, and they were more motivated to use digital tools. Those over 45 were less motivated to use digital tools, and they also felt less safe and in control while using them. But they felt able to engage with them if they wanted to.(拉丁裔和黑人护理人员在使用数字工具时的“安全感和控制感”得分明显较低。然而，农村护理人员在隐私措施上得分更高，而且他们更有动力使用数字工具。45岁以上的人使用数字工具的积极性较低，他们在使用数字工具时也感到不安全，不可控。但他们觉得，如果他们愿意，他们可以参与其中)”可知，研究结果告诉我们使用数字工具的群体各不相同。故选C。
20．推理判断题。根据最后一段“We all need to be thinking about how to make sure people can use them comfortably, and if they can’t, how to provide an alternative.(我们都需要考虑如何确保人们可以舒适地使用它们，如果他们不能，如何提供替代方案)”可知，要确保人们能舒适使用这些工具，要保证工具对于人们的易用性，让他能够顺利使用。故选A。
