36.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之噪音污染对人们健康的危害 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之长期的太空旅行对宇航员在认知能力方面的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之城市素描这种艺术形式 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之保护工作使得濒临灭绝的伊比利亚猞猁数量有所恢复 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之经典的地位随着时间和评论的变化而变化 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
快速提高对说明文选项的概括归纳能力，可从阅读技巧提升、概括方法训练、练习与总结等方面入手，具体方法如下：
提升阅读技巧
快速浏览全文：在阅读说明文时，先快速浏览标题、首尾段和每段的首句，了解文章的主题、大致内容和结构框架，明确文章是围绕什么对象展开，从哪些方面进行说明，为后续概括归纳选项内容奠定基础。比如阅读一篇关于 “海洋生态系统” 的说明文，通过浏览可知文章分别从海洋生物种类、生态环境特点、面临的威胁等方面进行阐述。
精读关键信息：在快速浏览的基础上，对文中的关键信息进行精读，包括重要的概念、观点、数据、因果关系等，这些往往是选项概括归纳的重点内容。例如关于某种新技术的说明文，要重点关注技术的原理、优势、应用案例等信息。
加强概括方法训练
提取关键词：学会从文章中提取能够反映主要内容的关键词，这些关键词通常是名词、动词或关键短语，将这些关键词进行整合，就可以初步概括出文章的核心内容。比如在一篇介绍 “自动驾驶技术” 的说明文中，“传感器”“算法”“安全性能” 等都是重要的关键词，可据此概括相关内容。
划分段落层次：将文章划分为不同的段落层次，归纳每个层次的主要内容，再将各层次的内容进行综合，形成对文章整体的概括。例如，一篇介绍古建筑保护的说明文，可分为古建筑现状、保护措施、面临的挑战等几个层次，分别概括后再整合。
简化复杂语句：把文中复杂的句子简化，去除修饰成分，保留句子的主干部分，抓住句子的核心意思，从而更准确地理解内容并进行概括。如 “一种基于先进纳米技术的、具有高效储能和快速充电特性的新型电池正在研发中”，可简化为 “新型电池正在研发中”，再结合上下文补充关键信息进行概括。
加强练习与总结
大量专项练习：通过做大量的说明文阅读练习题，尤其是针对选项概括归纳的题目，不断实践上述方法，提高自己的概括归纳能力。在练习过程中，要认真分析每个选项，判断其是否是对原文的准确概括，以及自己的判断依据是什么。
总结错误类型：对练习中做错的题目进行总结，分析自己在概括归纳时出现错误的原因，是没有抓住关键信息、对原文理解有误，还是概括方法不当等，针对性地进行改进。例如常见的错误有以偏概全、过度概括、歪曲原意等，明确这些错误类型后，在今后的做题中注意避免。
对比标准答案：做完题目后，将自己的概括归纳与标准答案进行对比，学习标准答案的概括思路和方法，找出自己的不足之处，不断优化自己的概括方式。比如标准答案可能在语言表达上更简洁、准确、全面，要分析其是如何做到的，借鉴其中的技巧。
【词汇清障】
C&D1
soundtrack A. 分贝
overwhelming B. 音景
soundscape C. 持续不断地
decibel D. 使人不知所措的
around the clock E. 电影配乐
——————————————————————————————————
overexposure A. 缺乏
highlight B. 过度暴露
starve C. 突显
devoid D. 渴望
minimize E. 使减少到最低限度
C&D2
cognitive A. 处理
mission B. 认知的
processing C. 任务
crucial D. 至关重要的
autonomy E. 自主性
——————————————————————————————————
interaction A. 意识到
aware B. 反应
decline C. 互动
reaction D. 下降
limit E. 限制
C&D3
revolutionize A. 速战速决的
sketch B. 使彻底变革
blitz C. 速写
intensive D. 专注的
absorb E. 理解，掌握
——————————————————————————————————
appreciate A. 烹饪
cuisine B. 理解
perspective C. 视角
appealing D. 吸引人的
participant E. 参与者
C&D4
conservation A. 栖息地
endangered B. 偷猎
habitat C. 保护
poaching D. 濒危的
captive E. 圈养的
——————————————————————————————————
critically A. 恢复
boost B. 严重地
restore C. 增加
impact D. 影响
brink E. 边缘
C&D5
masterpiece A. 永恒的
tempting B. 杰作
timeless C. 持久的
permanent D. 诱人的
endure E. 永久的
——————————————————————————————————
celebrated A. 作曲家
composer B. 被遗忘的
centenary C. 著名的
forgotten D. 一百周年纪念
relativism E. 相对主义
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（2025·四川绵阳·二模）The soundtrack of modern life is overwhelming, from the roar of traffic to smartphones streaming videos around the clock. This has sent many people searching for a soundscape increasingly difficult to find: quiet.
“I don’t think we’re wired for the amount of noise we experience,” says Norway-based psychologist Olga Lehmann, whose work centers on silence. Overexposure to noise pollution — particularly sounds above 85 decibels (分贝), roughly the level of a loud restaurant — can lead to hearing loss, high blood pressure, and stress. The World Health Organization named noise pollution a leading environmental cause of health issues, topped only by air pollution.
A few trends have shown the growing demand for quiet, particularly among younger generations, like silent walking, a phenomenon that went viral on TikTok last year as creators promoted the value of walking without distractions — no podcasts, music, or phone calls. The activity’s widespread popularity highlights how starved digital natives are for a break from the noise. It could be as simple as sitting in a local park, museum, or library without technology for 10 minutes, or joining a silent yoga class.
Silent Book Club, which brings readers together to read for an hour without chatter, has recently gained popularity thanks to social media subcommunities like BookTok and Bookstagram. Despite the name, Silent Book Club events aren’t entirely devoid of sound. Their meeting spaces, often local cafés, have their own noise — but a handful of no-talking coffee shops are on the rise. The latest, the new Shojo quiet café in Osaka, is run largely by deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals. Customers use sign language, handwriting, and pointing to order.
Greenery can play a role, too. Planting rows of trees on streets reduces noise by up to 12 decibels And living walls, like the 30, 000-plant exterior (外墙) on an office building in Dusseldorf, Germany — the largest green exterior in Europe — take in noise while minimizing urban heat.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Types of air pollution. B．Causes of health issues.
C．Pollution topped by sound. D．Harm resulting from noise.
2．What do we know about digital natives
A．They are distracted online. B．They are eager for quiet.
C．They initiated silent walking. D．They quit technology for good.
3．What do the underlined words “devoid of” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Opposed to. B．Filled with. C．Free of. D．Upset about.
4．What does the author indicate by mentioning the office building
A．Living walls cool the city. B．Germany excels in construction.
C．Greenery helps absorb noise. D．The largest exterior is in Europe.
C&D 2
（2025·四川绵阳·二模）The extreme environment of space, with reduced gravity, harsh radiation and the lack of regular sunrises and sunsets, can have dramatic effects on astronaut health, from muscle loss to an increased risk of heart disease. However, the cognitive effects of long-term space travel are less well documented.
New research has looked at the cognitive performance of 25 astronauts during their time on the International Space Station (ISS). The team put the astronauts through the same set of 10 tests both on Earth and on the ISS. These were repeated once before, twice during, and twice after the mission, within 10 and 30 days of landing.
The researchers found that the astronauts took longer to complete tests measuring processing speed, working memory and attention on the ISS than on Earth, but they were just as accurate. While there was no overall cognitive harm or lasting effect on the astronauts’ abilities, some of the measures, like processing speed, took longer to return to normal after they came back to Earth.
Having clear data on the cognitive effects of space travel will be crucial for future human spaceflight, says Elisa Ferrè at the University of London. “A mission to Mars is not only longer in terms of time, but also in terms of autonomy (自主性),” says Ferre. “People there will have a completely different interaction with ground control because of distance and delays in communication, so they will need to be fully autonomous in making decisions. You definitely don’t want to have astronauts on Mars with slow reaction time.”
“It’s not necessarily a great cause for an alarm, but it’s useful to be aware so that you know your limits when you’re in these extreme environments. It’s not just how you perform in those tests, but also the awareness of your ability. For instance, we know that if you lack sleep, your performance will often decline, but you won’t realize your performance has declined.” says Jo Bower at the University of East Anglia.
5．How many times were the astronauts tested in the research
A．Five. B．Seven. C．Ten. D．Thirty.
6．What did the new research find about astronauts
A．They reacted slower on the ISS.
B．Their accuracy declined on Earth.
C．Their abilities never returned to normal.
D．They suffered long-term cognitive harm.
7．What is Elisa Ferrè’s attitude towards the research
A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
8．How does Jo Bower make his view clear
A．By comparing data. B．By giving an example.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By defining key concepts.
C&D 3
（2025·四川绵阳·二模）Back in the 1800s, some French artists packed their paint brushes and set off on long trips to capture the natural landscape and in the process, revolutionized art. Painting outdoors on location has recently inspired a newer trend: urban sketching, a kind of drawing with the text to describe the artist’s surroundings while traveling.
Sketching on the go at different places around the globe opens your eyes to everything from the obvious to the invisible. A sketch captures a memory of people and places in a way that a photograph never can. Opposite to blitz travel, which focuses on the rapid, intensive exploration of multiple destinations in a very short period, urban sketching helps us slow down and step out of the rush by creating something by hand. As we draw, we notice the beauty in the ordinary: the way sunlight warms a scene, the comings and goings of locals in a market and the colors reflected in the water fountain.
I went on my first urban sketching trip in 2023 to five coastal villages in Italy. I remember feeling frightened as I set up my sketchbook that first morning. My instructor, fellow sketchers and unfamiliar passers-by stopped by my side now and then. However, with each brushstroke, I soon became more and more engaged by the village’s arched passageways, old streets, and lemon trees. I found that when you stand still and spend hours absorbing and describing the small details around you, you begin to appreciate a place’s small differences. As a result, at the end of the five-day trip, I returned home with a deeper comprehension of Italian cuisine, customs and architecture.
“As an art instructor, it’s wonderful to see how each participant brings a fresh perspective to what's in front of them,” says Alicia Aradilla, who has completed more than 700 watercolors from 20 countries and now leads urban sketching workshops and trips. “Every sketchbook ends up being different; I find it incredibly appealing.”
9．What do we know about urban sketching
A．It captures the natural landscape. B．It involves drawing and writing.
C．It is launched by French artists. D．It is a fresh approach to indoor art.
10．What is a problem for people going on blitz travel
A．Views are explored in a hurry. B．Some of the scenes are invisible.
C．Destinations are hard to reach. D．Photos are banned in some places.
11．How did the author feel at the end of his first urban sketch trip to Italy
A．He was scared of fellow sketchers. B．His cultural understanding deepened.
C．He became crazy about Italian food. D．His drawings needed to be polished.
12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Urban sketchers can be creative and original.
B．Sketch books are more appealing than photos.
C．Urban sketching trips are in over 20 countries.
D．Watercolors are the main style of urban sketching.
C&D 4
（2025·江西景德镇·二模）Once described as the world’s rarest cat, the Iberian lynx, has seen its numbers increase thanks to conservation efforts. The news is so good that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)has changed the status of the Iberian lynx from “endangered” to “vulnerable.
The Iberian lynx is a medium-sized cat with tufts (簇) of hair on the tips of its ears and a “beard” around its face. By 2001, it was critically endangered with just 62 adult cats recorded in the wild. The fall was due to habitat loss as well as coaching (偷猎) and road accidents. Now there are more than 2, 000 living in the wild. When lynx numbers dropped in 2001, conservationists knew that urgent action was needed. These efforts included boosting the numbers of rabbits (lynxes’ favourite food), freeing hundreds of captive lynxes and restoring the wild cats’ habitat. While this work is impressive, Ortiz said more needs to be done. “Looking ahead, there are plans to reintroduce the Iberian lynx to new sits in central and northern Spain,” he told the BBC．
Craig Hilton-Taylor, from the IUCN, believes that the Iberian lynx could be fully recovered in 100 years if conservation carries on. However, climate change is a worrying factor. Hilton-Taylor said, “We don’t know what climate change is going to do — we’ve seen an increase in fires in the Mediterranean area, so how that’s going to impact on the lynx is yet to be determined.”
More than two-fifths of cat species across the world are endangered, including the Amur leopard from Russia and China, the Iriomote cat from the remote Japanese island of Iriomote, and the Sum at ran tiger from the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is hoped that lessons learned from bringing the Iberian lynx back from the brink will help to save other species that are at risk all around the world.
13．Why did IUCN change the status of the Iberian lynx from “endangered” to “vulnerable”
A．Because the Iberian lynx is no longer facing any threats.
B．Because the Iberian lynx population has decreased further.
C．Because the habitat of the Iberian lynx has been completely restored.
D．Because conservation efforts have led to an increase in the Iberian lynx population.
14．How does crag Hilton-Taylor feel about the future recovery of the Iberian lynx
A．Hopeful. B．Neutral
C．Pessimistic. D．Subjective.
15．What measures have NOT been taken to rescue the Iberian Iynx
A．Restoring the habitat of the Iberian lynx.
B．Bringing the Iberian lynx to the new sits.
C．Boosting the numbers of rabbits in the wild.
D．Freeing quantities of captive lynxes into the wild.
16．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Threats facing all cat species.
B．The history of the Iberian lynx.
C．Big cat bounces back from edge of extinction.
D．The effects of climate change on the Iberian lynx.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·湖南邵阳·期末）After Taylor Swift, the “Mona Lisa” is probably the most recognizable female face in the world. Every day around 20,000 people stare at the Leonardo da Vinci’s painting in the Louvre. Yet it became famous not because of a tempting semi-smile. Until a worker stole the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mostly unknown. Viewers flooded in to see what a French newspaper called “an enormous, horrific, gaping void (空白)”.
Classics of art, literature and music are supposed to carry some mysterious appeal that endures across the ages. But as Rochelle Gurstein, a historian, writes in a new book, the “timeless classic” is anything but permanent. “What I believed was written in stone was actually written in water”, she argues. Classics come and go.
Take other celebrated works of art for example. Until the end of the 19th century Michelangelo’s “David” had only his fig leaf to protect him from the weather in Piazza della Signoria in Florence. He attracted more pigeons than visitors; visitors preferred the artist’s sculpture of Moses in Rome. Before the famous “Venus de Milo” was discovered in 1820, viewers were crazy about “Venus de Medici”, a delicate sculpture most people alive today have never heard of.
Much as in art, the classics of music and literature have not always been set in stone either. Today, Johann Scbastjan Bach is often regarded as the master of classical music. But after his death in 1750, Bach’s compositions fell out of fashion until Felix Mendelssohn, a German composer, rediscovered them in the 1820s. Herman Melville’s masterpiece “Moby Dick” was largely forgotten until critics such as Raymond Weaver, a professor at Columbia University rescued him from the depth of a nobody around the centenary of his birth in 1919.
“The status of classics” depends on critics and shows the power of passionate writers to change the way people look at art. Tastes evolve, and they should. But culture lives on only as long as people continue to argue over what counts as a classic today. The true enemy of the classic is not relativism or awakening. It is silence.
17．According to the passage, what made the painting “Mona Lisa” famous
A．Its mysterious semi-smile attracted viewers.
B．It was the most recognizable female painting.
C．It was stolen and gained widespread attention.
D．A French newspaper praised its artistic value.
18．What happened to Bach’s compositions after his death
A．They were forgotten for decades. B．They became widely popular.
C．They inspired many other composers. D．They were preserved by his critics.
19．What is the main factor determining the status of a classic
A．Timeless quality of the work.
B．Influence of passionate critics and writers.
C．The artist’s ability to inspire debate.
D．Popular trends at the time of creation.
20．What is the main idea of the text
A．The mystery of classic works of art.
B．How cultural tastes influence classics over time.
C．The lasting appeal of famous artworks.
D．How critics create timeless masterpieces.36.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之噪音污染对人们健康的危害 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之长期的太空旅行对宇航员在认知能力方面的影响 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之城市素描这种艺术形式 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之保护工作使得濒临灭绝的伊比利亚猞猁数量有所恢复 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之经典的地位随着时间和评论的变化而变化 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
快速提高对说明文选项的概括归纳能力，可从阅读技巧提升、概括方法训练、练习与总结等方面入手，具体方法如下：
提升阅读技巧
快速浏览全文：在阅读说明文时，先快速浏览标题、首尾段和每段的首句，了解文章的主题、大致内容和结构框架，明确文章是围绕什么对象展开，从哪些方面进行说明，为后续概括归纳选项内容奠定基础。比如阅读一篇关于 “海洋生态系统” 的说明文，通过浏览可知文章分别从海洋生物种类、生态环境特点、面临的威胁等方面进行阐述。
精读关键信息：在快速浏览的基础上，对文中的关键信息进行精读，包括重要的概念、观点、数据、因果关系等，这些往往是选项概括归纳的重点内容。例如关于某种新技术的说明文，要重点关注技术的原理、优势、应用案例等信息。
加强概括方法训练
提取关键词：学会从文章中提取能够反映主要内容的关键词，这些关键词通常是名词、动词或关键短语，将这些关键词进行整合，就可以初步概括出文章的核心内容。比如在一篇介绍 “自动驾驶技术” 的说明文中，“传感器”“算法”“安全性能” 等都是重要的关键词，可据此概括相关内容。
划分段落层次：将文章划分为不同的段落层次，归纳每个层次的主要内容，再将各层次的内容进行综合，形成对文章整体的概括。例如，一篇介绍古建筑保护的说明文，可分为古建筑现状、保护措施、面临的挑战等几个层次，分别概括后再整合。
简化复杂语句：把文中复杂的句子简化，去除修饰成分，保留句子的主干部分，抓住句子的核心意思，从而更准确地理解内容并进行概括。如 “一种基于先进纳米技术的、具有高效储能和快速充电特性的新型电池正在研发中”，可简化为 “新型电池正在研发中”，再结合上下文补充关键信息进行概括。
加强练习与总结
大量专项练习：通过做大量的说明文阅读练习题，尤其是针对选项概括归纳的题目，不断实践上述方法，提高自己的概括归纳能力。在练习过程中，要认真分析每个选项，判断其是否是对原文的准确概括，以及自己的判断依据是什么。
总结错误类型：对练习中做错的题目进行总结，分析自己在概括归纳时出现错误的原因，是没有抓住关键信息、对原文理解有误，还是概括方法不当等，针对性地进行改进。例如常见的错误有以偏概全、过度概括、歪曲原意等，明确这些错误类型后，在今后的做题中注意避免。
对比标准答案：做完题目后，将自己的概括归纳与标准答案进行对比，学习标准答案的概括思路和方法，找出自己的不足之处，不断优化自己的概括方式。比如标准答案可能在语言表达上更简洁、准确、全面，要分析其是如何做到的，借鉴其中的技巧。
【词汇清障】
C&D1
soundtrack A. 分贝
overwhelming B. 音景
soundscape C. 持续不断地
decibel D. 使人不知所措的
around the clock E. 电影配乐
答案：1 - E；2 - D；3 - B；4 - A；5 - C
overexposure A. 缺乏
highlight B. 过度暴露
starve C. 突显
devoid D. 渴望
minimize E. 使减少到最低限度
答案：6 - B；7 - C；8 - D；9 - A；10 - E
C&D2
cognitive A. 处理
mission B. 认知的
processing C. 任务
crucial D. 至关重要的
autonomy E. 自主性
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
interaction A. 意识到
aware B. 反应
decline C. 互动
reaction D. 下降
limit E. 限制
答案：6 - C；7 - A；8 - D；9 - B；10 - E
C&D3
revolutionize A. 速战速决的
sketch B. 使彻底变革
blitz C. 速写
intensive D. 专注的
absorb E. 理解，掌握
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
appreciate A. 烹饪
cuisine B. 理解
perspective C. 视角
appealing D. 吸引人的
participant E. 参与者
答案：6 - B；7 - A；8 - C；9 - D；10 - E
C&D4
conservation A. 栖息地
endangered B. 偷猎
habitat C. 保护
poaching D. 濒危的
captive E. 圈养的
答案：1 - C；2 - D；3 - A；4 - B；5 - E
critically A. 恢复
boost B. 严重地
restore C. 增加
impact D. 影响
brink E. 边缘
答案：6 - B；7 - C；8 - A；9 - D；10 - E
C&D5
masterpiece A. 永恒的
tempting B. 杰作
timeless C. 持久的
permanent D. 诱人的
endure E. 永久的
答案：1 - B；2 - D；3 - A；4 - E；5 - C
celebrated A. 作曲家
composer B. 被遗忘的
centenary C. 著名的
forgotten D. 一百周年纪念
relativism E. 相对主义
答案：6 - C；7 - A；8 - D；9 - B；10 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（2025·四川绵阳·二模）The soundtrack of modern life is overwhelming, from the roar of traffic to smartphones streaming videos around the clock. This has sent many people searching for a soundscape increasingly difficult to find: quiet.
“I don’t think we’re wired for the amount of noise we experience,” says Norway-based psychologist Olga Lehmann, whose work centers on silence. Overexposure to noise pollution — particularly sounds above 85 decibels (分贝), roughly the level of a loud restaurant — can lead to hearing loss, high blood pressure, and stress. The World Health Organization named noise pollution a leading environmental cause of health issues, topped only by air pollution.
A few trends have shown the growing demand for quiet, particularly among younger generations, like silent walking, a phenomenon that went viral on TikTok last year as creators promoted the value of walking without distractions — no podcasts, music, or phone calls. The activity’s widespread popularity highlights how starved digital natives are for a break from the noise. It could be as simple as sitting in a local park, museum, or library without technology for 10 minutes, or joining a silent yoga class.
Silent Book Club, which brings readers together to read for an hour without chatter, has recently gained popularity thanks to social media subcommunities like BookTok and Bookstagram. Despite the name, Silent Book Club events aren’t entirely devoid of sound. Their meeting spaces, often local cafés, have their own noise — but a handful of no-talking coffee shops are on the rise. The latest, the new Shojo quiet café in Osaka, is run largely by deaf or hard-of-hearing individuals. Customers use sign language, handwriting, and pointing to order.
Greenery can play a role, too. Planting rows of trees on streets reduces noise by up to 12 decibels And living walls, like the 30, 000-plant exterior (外墙) on an office building in Dusseldorf, Germany — the largest green exterior in Europe — take in noise while minimizing urban heat.
1．What is the second paragraph mainly about
A．Types of air pollution. B．Causes of health issues.
C．Pollution topped by sound. D．Harm resulting from noise.
2．What do we know about digital natives
A．They are distracted online. B．They are eager for quiet.
C．They initiated silent walking. D．They quit technology for good.
3．What do the underlined words “devoid of” in paragraph 4 mean
A．Opposed to. B．Filled with. C．Free of. D．Upset about.
4．What does the author indicate by mentioning the office building
A．Living walls cool the city. B．Germany excels in construction.
C．Greenery helps absorb noise. D．The largest exterior is in Europe.
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述了现代生活中的噪音污染对人们健康的危害，以及人们为寻求宁静生活采取的一些措施。
1．主旨大意题。由第二段““I don’t think we’re wired for the amount of noise we experience,” says Norway-based psychologist Olga Lehmann, whose work centers on silence. Overexposure to noise pollution — particularly sounds above 85 decibels (分贝), roughly the level of a loud restaurant — can lead to hearing loss, high blood pressure, and stress. The World Health Organization named noise pollution a leading environmental cause of health issues, topped only by air pollution. (挪威心理学家Olga Lehmann的工作以沉默为中心，她说：“我认为我们不会因为所经历的噪音量而感到兴奋。”过度接触噪音污染，尤其是85分贝以上的声音，大致相当于一家吵闹的餐厅的音量——可能会导致听力损失、高血压和压力。世界卫生组织将噪音污染列为健康问题的主要环境原因，仅次于空气污染)”可知，第二段主要讲了噪音的危害。故选D项。
2．细节理解题。由第三段中“A few trends have shown the growing demand for quiet, particularly among younger generations, like silent walking, a phenomenon that went viral on TikTok last year as creators promoted the value of walking without distractions — no podcasts, music, or phone calls. The activity’s widespread popularity highlights how starved digital natives are for a break from the noise. (一些趋势表明，人们对安静的需求日益增长，尤其是在年轻一代中，比如无声行走，这一现象去年在TikTok上疯传，因为创作者们宣传了无干扰行走的价值——没有播客、音乐或电话。这项活动的广泛流行突显了数字原住民是多么渴望从噪音中解脱出来)”可知，数字原住民渴望安静。故选B项。
3．词句猜测题。由第四段中“Despite the name, Silent Book Club events aren’t entirely devoid of sound. Their meeting spaces, often local cafés, have their own noise — but a handful of no-talking coffee shops are on the rise. (尽管名字叫“无声书俱乐部”，但活动并非完全devoid of声音。他们的会议空间，通常是当地的咖啡馆，有自己的噪音——但少数不说话的咖啡馆正在兴起)”可知，“无声书俱乐部”的会议通常是当地的咖啡馆举行，有自己的噪音，并非完全没有声音，划线词意为“免于（Free of）”。故选C项。
4．推理判断题。由最后一段“Greenery can play a role, too. Planting rows of trees on streets reduces noise by up to 12 decibels And living walls, like the 30, 000-plant exterior (外墙) on an office building in Dusseldorf, Germany — the largest green exterior in Europe — take in noise while minimizing urban heat. (绿化也可以发挥作用。在街道上种植成排的树木可以降低高达12分贝的噪音。德国杜塞尔多夫一栋办公楼的30000株植物外墙——欧洲最大的绿色外墙——在吸收噪音的同时最大限度地减少了城市的热量)”可知，作者提到办公楼是为了表明绿化有助于吸收噪音。故选C项。
C&D 2
（2025·四川绵阳·二模）The extreme environment of space, with reduced gravity, harsh radiation and the lack of regular sunrises and sunsets, can have dramatic effects on astronaut health, from muscle loss to an increased risk of heart disease. However, the cognitive effects of long-term space travel are less well documented.
New research has looked at the cognitive performance of 25 astronauts during their time on the International Space Station (ISS). The team put the astronauts through the same set of 10 tests both on Earth and on the ISS. These were repeated once before, twice during, and twice after the mission, within 10 and 30 days of landing.
The researchers found that the astronauts took longer to complete tests measuring processing speed, working memory and attention on the ISS than on Earth, but they were just as accurate. While there was no overall cognitive harm or lasting effect on the astronauts’ abilities, some of the measures, like processing speed, took longer to return to normal after they came back to Earth.
Having clear data on the cognitive effects of space travel will be crucial for future human spaceflight, says Elisa Ferrè at the University of London. “A mission to Mars is not only longer in terms of time, but also in terms of autonomy (自主性),” says Ferre. “People there will have a completely different interaction with ground control because of distance and delays in communication, so they will need to be fully autonomous in making decisions. You definitely don’t want to have astronauts on Mars with slow reaction time.”
“It’s not necessarily a great cause for an alarm, but it’s useful to be aware so that you know your limits when you’re in these extreme environments. It’s not just how you perform in those tests, but also the awareness of your ability. For instance, we know that if you lack sleep, your performance will often decline, but you won’t realize your performance has declined.” says Jo Bower at the University of East Anglia.
5．How many times were the astronauts tested in the research
A．Five. B．Seven. C．Ten. D．Thirty.
6．What did the new research find about astronauts
A．They reacted slower on the ISS.
B．Their accuracy declined on Earth.
C．Their abilities never returned to normal.
D．They suffered long-term cognitive harm.
7．What is Elisa Ferrè’s attitude towards the research
A．Unclear. B．Negative. C．Doubtful. D．Approving.
8．How does Jo Bower make his view clear
A．By comparing data. B．By giving an example.
C．By analyzing causes. D．By defining key concepts.
【答案】5．A 6．A 7．D 8．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文、航空航天
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了长期的太空旅行对宇航员在认知能力方面的影响。
5．细节理解题。由第二段“New research has looked at the cognitive performance of 25 astronauts during their time on the International Space Station (ISS). The team put the astronauts through the same set of 10 tests both on Earth and on the ISS. These were repeated once before, twice during, and twice after the mission, within 10 and 30 days of landing. (新的研究考察了25名宇航员在国际空间站（ISS）期间的认知表现。该团队在地球和国际空间站上对宇航员进行了10次相同的测试。在着陆前重复一次，在着陆期间重复两次，在着陆后10天和30天内重复两次)”可知，测试在任务前进行了一次，任务中进行了两次，任务后又进行两次，共测试了五次。故选A项。
6．细节理解题。由第三段中“The researchers found that the astronauts took longer to complete tests measuring processing speed, working memory and attention on the ISS than on Earth, but they were just as accurate. (研究人员发现，宇航员在国际空间站上完成测量处理速度、工作记忆和注意力的测试比在地球上花费的时间更长，但它们同样准确)”和“some of the measures, like processing speed, took longer to return to normal after they came back to Earth (一些措施，如处理速度，在他们回到地球后需要更长的时间才能恢复正常)”可知，这项新研究发现了宇航员在国际空间站上反应更慢，但准确性保持不变。故选A项。
7．推理判断题。由第四段中“Having clear data on the cognitive effects of space travel will be crucial for future human spaceflight, says Elisa Ferrè at the University of London. (伦敦大学的Elisa Ferrè表示，拥有关于太空旅行对认知影响的明确数据对于未来的载人航天飞行至关重要)”可知，Elisa Ferrè指出了对于未来人类航天任务中了解认知效应数据的重要性，表明她是认可这项研究的。故选D项。
8．推理判断题。由最后一段中Jo Bower说的话“It’s not necessarily a great cause for an alarm, but it’s useful to be aware so that you know your limits when you’re in these extreme environments. It’s not just how you perform in those tests, but also the awareness of your ability. For instance, we know that if you lack sleep, your performance will often decline, but you won’t realize your performance has declined. (这不一定是警报的好原因，但要意识到自己在这些极端环境中的极限是有用的。这不仅是你在这些测试中的表现，也是你对自己能力的认识。例如，我们知道，如果你睡眠不足，你的表现往往会下降，但你不会意识到你的表现已经下降)”可知，Jo Bower通过提到缺乏睡眠的例子来说明认知能力在极端环境下的变化。故选B项。
C&D 3
（2025·四川绵阳·二模）Back in the 1800s, some French artists packed their paint brushes and set off on long trips to capture the natural landscape and in the process, revolutionized art. Painting outdoors on location has recently inspired a newer trend: urban sketching, a kind of drawing with the text to describe the artist’s surroundings while traveling.
Sketching on the go at different places around the globe opens your eyes to everything from the obvious to the invisible. A sketch captures a memory of people and places in a way that a photograph never can. Opposite to blitz travel, which focuses on the rapid, intensive exploration of multiple destinations in a very short period, urban sketching helps us slow down and step out of the rush by creating something by hand. As we draw, we notice the beauty in the ordinary: the way sunlight warms a scene, the comings and goings of locals in a market and the colors reflected in the water fountain.
I went on my first urban sketching trip in 2023 to five coastal villages in Italy. I remember feeling frightened as I set up my sketchbook that first morning. My instructor, fellow sketchers and unfamiliar passers-by stopped by my side now and then. However, with each brushstroke, I soon became more and more engaged by the village’s arched passageways, old streets, and lemon trees. I found that when you stand still and spend hours absorbing and describing the small details around you, you begin to appreciate a place’s small differences. As a result, at the end of the five-day trip, I returned home with a deeper comprehension of Italian cuisine, customs and architecture.
“As an art instructor, it’s wonderful to see how each participant brings a fresh perspective to what's in front of them,” says Alicia Aradilla, who has completed more than 700 watercolors from 20 countries and now leads urban sketching workshops and trips. “Every sketchbook ends up being different; I find it incredibly appealing.”
9．What do we know about urban sketching
A．It captures the natural landscape. B．It involves drawing and writing.
C．It is launched by French artists. D．It is a fresh approach to indoor art.
10．What is a problem for people going on blitz travel
A．Views are explored in a hurry. B．Some of the scenes are invisible.
C．Destinations are hard to reach. D．Photos are banned in some places.
11．How did the author feel at the end of his first urban sketch trip to Italy
A．He was scared of fellow sketchers. B．His cultural understanding deepened.
C．He became crazy about Italian food. D．His drawings needed to be polished.
12．What can be inferred from the last paragraph
A．Urban sketchers can be creative and original.
B．Sketch books are more appealing than photos.
C．Urban sketching trips are in over 20 countries.
D．Watercolors are the main style of urban sketching.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】美术与摄影、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了城市素描这种艺术形式，其与传统素描和速写旅行之间存在差异以及作者的一次城市素描经历。
9．细节理解题。由第一段中“Painting outdoors on location has recently inspired a newer trend: urban sketching, a kind of drawing with the text to describe the artist’s surroundings while traveling. (户外实地绘画最近激发了一种新的趋势：城市素描，一种在旅行中用文字描述艺术家周围环境的绘画)”可知，城市素描是融合了绘画与写作的一种艺术形式。故选B项。
10．细节理解题。由第二段中“Opposite to blitz travel, which focuses on the rapid, intensive exploration of multiple destinations in a very short period, urban sketching helps us slow down and step out of the rush by creating something by hand. (与专注于在短时间内快速、深入地探索多个目的地的速写旅行相反，城市素描通过手工创作一些东西，帮助我们放慢脚步，走出匆忙)”可知，速写旅行的人在旅行过程中会走马观花，匆忙地探索各种景观，无法深入了解或体验目的地。故选A项。
11．细节理解题。由倒数第二段中“As a result, at the end of the five-day trip, I returned home with a deeper comprehension of Italian cuisine, customs and architecture. (在为期五天的旅行结束时，我带着对意大利美食、风俗和建筑的更深入理解回到了家)”可知，作者在五天的城市素描旅行结束时，对意大利文化有了更深的理解。故选B项。
12．推理判断题。由最后一段中““As an art instructor, it’s wonderful to see how each participant brings a fresh perspective to what's in front of them,” says Alicia Aradilla, (Alicia Aradilla说：“作为一名艺术导师，很高兴看到每个参与者都能为他们面前的事物带来新的视角。”)”和“Every sketchbook ends up being different; I find it incredibly appealing. (每本速写本最终都不一样；我觉得它非常有吸引力)”可知，每位素描者都能以全新的视角进行创作，每本速写本最终都不一样，这说明城市素描者可以有创造性和原创性。故选A项。
C&D 4
（2025·江西景德镇·二模）Once described as the world’s rarest cat, the Iberian lynx, has seen its numbers increase thanks to conservation efforts. The news is so good that the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN)has changed the status of the Iberian lynx from “endangered” to “vulnerable.
The Iberian lynx is a medium-sized cat with tufts (簇) of hair on the tips of its ears and a “beard” around its face. By 2001, it was critically endangered with just 62 adult cats recorded in the wild. The fall was due to habitat loss as well as coaching (偷猎) and road accidents. Now there are more than 2, 000 living in the wild. When lynx numbers dropped in 2001, conservationists knew that urgent action was needed. These efforts included boosting the numbers of rabbits (lynxes’ favourite food), freeing hundreds of captive lynxes and restoring the wild cats’ habitat. While this work is impressive, Ortiz said more needs to be done. “Looking ahead, there are plans to reintroduce the Iberian lynx to new sits in central and northern Spain,” he told the BBC．
Craig Hilton-Taylor, from the IUCN, believes that the Iberian lynx could be fully recovered in 100 years if conservation carries on. However, climate change is a worrying factor. Hilton-Taylor said, “We don’t know what climate change is going to do — we’ve seen an increase in fires in the Mediterranean area, so how that’s going to impact on the lynx is yet to be determined.”
More than two-fifths of cat species across the world are endangered, including the Amur leopard from Russia and China, the Iriomote cat from the remote Japanese island of Iriomote, and the Sum at ran tiger from the Indonesian island of Sumatra. It is hoped that lessons learned from bringing the Iberian lynx back from the brink will help to save other species that are at risk all around the world.
13．Why did IUCN change the status of the Iberian lynx from “endangered” to “vulnerable”
A．Because the Iberian lynx is no longer facing any threats.
B．Because the Iberian lynx population has decreased further.
C．Because the habitat of the Iberian lynx has been completely restored.
D．Because conservation efforts have led to an increase in the Iberian lynx population.
14．How does crag Hilton-Taylor feel about the future recovery of the Iberian lynx
A．Hopeful. B．Neutral
C．Pessimistic. D．Subjective.
15．What measures have NOT been taken to rescue the Iberian Iynx
A．Restoring the habitat of the Iberian lynx.
B．Bringing the Iberian lynx to the new sits.
C．Boosting the numbers of rabbits in the wild.
D．Freeing quantities of captive lynxes into the wild.
16．Which of the following would be the best title of the passage
A．Threats facing all cat species.
B．The history of the Iberian lynx.
C．Big cat bounces back from edge of extinction.
D．The effects of climate change on the Iberian lynx.
【答案】13．D 14．A 15．B 16．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】人与动植物、说明文
【导语】本文是说明文。主要介绍了由于保护工作使得濒临灭绝的伊比利亚猞猁数量有所恢复。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段的“Once described as the world’s rarest cat, the Iberian lynx, has seen its numbers increase thanks to conservation efforts. The news is so good that the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)has changed the status of the Iberian lynx from “endangered” to “vulnerable (曾经被描述为世界上最稀有的猫科动物——伊比利亚猞猁，由于保护工作的努力，其数量已经有所增加。消息如此之好，以至于国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）已经将伊比利亚猞猁的状态从“濒危”更改为“易危”)”可知，由于保护工作的努力，伊比利亚猞猁的数量有所增加，这导致国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）将其状态从“濒危”改为“易危”。因此可知保护措施有效地增加了伊比利亚猞猁的数量改变了伊比利亚猞猁的地位。故选D。
14．推理判断题。根据第三段第一行“Craig Hilton-Taylor, from the IUCN, believes that the Iberian lynx could be fully recovered in 100 years if conservation carries on. (来自世界自然保护联盟的克雷格·希尔顿泰勒认为，如果继续保护下去，伊比利亚猞猁可以在100年内完全恢复)”可知，克雷格·希尔顿·泰勒对伊比利亚猞猁的未来复苏是充满希望的。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据第二段的“These efforts included boosting the numbers of rabbits (lynxes’ favourite food), freeing hundreds of captive lynxes and restoring the wild cats’ habitat.(这些努力包括增加兔子的数量(猞猁最喜欢的食物),释放了数百只圈养的猞和恢复野生猫科动物的栖息地)”可知，文章提到了为拯救伊比利亚猞猁而采取的措施，包括增加兔子数量、释放圈养的猞猁和恢复野生猫的栖息地。根据第二段的“Looking ahead, there are plans to reintroduce the Iberian lynx to new sits in central and northern Spain,( 展望未来，计划将伊比利亚猞猁重新引入西班牙中部和北部的新地点)”可知，文章也提到了未来计划将伊比利亚猞猁重新引入西班牙中部和北部的新地点，但是这意味着这一措施尚未实施。故选B。
16．主旨大意题。根据第一段内容“Once described as the world’s rarest cat, the Iberian lynx, has seen its numbers increase thanks to conservation efforts. The news is so good that the International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)has changed the status of the Iberian lynx from “endangered” to “vulnerable (曾经被描述为世界上最稀有的猫科动物——伊比利亚猞猁，由于保护工作的努力，其数量已经有所增加。消息如此之好，以至于国际自然保护联盟（IUCN）已经将伊比利亚猞猁的状态从“濒危”更改为“易危”)”并通读全文可知，这篇文章讨论了伊比利亚猞猁的保护工作及其成效，强调了保护措施对增加其数量的重要性，并对未来的恢复持乐观态度。因此推断C项“伊比利亚猞猁从灭绝边缘恢复过来”为最佳标题。故选C。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·湖南邵阳·期末）After Taylor Swift, the “Mona Lisa” is probably the most recognizable female face in the world. Every day around 20,000 people stare at the Leonardo da Vinci’s painting in the Louvre. Yet it became famous not because of a tempting semi-smile. Until a worker stole the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mostly unknown. Viewers flooded in to see what a French newspaper called “an enormous, horrific, gaping void (空白)”.
Classics of art, literature and music are supposed to carry some mysterious appeal that endures across the ages. But as Rochelle Gurstein, a historian, writes in a new book, the “timeless classic” is anything but permanent. “What I believed was written in stone was actually written in water”, she argues. Classics come and go.
Take other celebrated works of art for example. Until the end of the 19th century Michelangelo’s “David” had only his fig leaf to protect him from the weather in Piazza della Signoria in Florence. He attracted more pigeons than visitors; visitors preferred the artist’s sculpture of Moses in Rome. Before the famous “Venus de Milo” was discovered in 1820, viewers were crazy about “Venus de Medici”, a delicate sculpture most people alive today have never heard of.
Much as in art, the classics of music and literature have not always been set in stone either. Today, Johann Scbastjan Bach is often regarded as the master of classical music. But after his death in 1750, Bach’s compositions fell out of fashion until Felix Mendelssohn, a German composer, rediscovered them in the 1820s. Herman Melville’s masterpiece “Moby Dick” was largely forgotten until critics such as Raymond Weaver, a professor at Columbia University rescued him from the depth of a nobody around the centenary of his birth in 1919.
“The status of classics” depends on critics and shows the power of passionate writers to change the way people look at art. Tastes evolve, and they should. But culture lives on only as long as people continue to argue over what counts as a classic today. The true enemy of the classic is not relativism or awakening. It is silence.
17．According to the passage, what made the painting “Mona Lisa” famous
A．Its mysterious semi-smile attracted viewers.
B．It was the most recognizable female painting.
C．It was stolen and gained widespread attention.
D．A French newspaper praised its artistic value.
18．What happened to Bach’s compositions after his death
A．They were forgotten for decades. B．They became widely popular.
C．They inspired many other composers. D．They were preserved by his critics.
19．What is the main factor determining the status of a classic
A．Timeless quality of the work.
B．Influence of passionate critics and writers.
C．The artist’s ability to inspire debate.
D．Popular trends at the time of creation.
20．What is the main idea of the text
A．The mystery of classic works of art.
B．How cultural tastes influence classics over time.
C．The lasting appeal of famous artworks.
D．How critics create timeless masterpieces.
【答案】17．C 18．A 19．B 20．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、说明文、文化传播
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了经典的地位随着时间和评论的变化而变化，强调文化品味对经典的影响。
17．细节理解题。根据第一段中“Yet it became famous not because of a tempting semi-smile. Until a worker stole the masterpiece in 1911, it was still mostly unknown. (然而，它之所以成名并不是因为一个诱人的半微笑。直到1911年一名工人偷走了这幅杰作，它才变得广为人知)”可知，它的成名与1911年的失窃事件有关。故选C。
18．细节理解题。根据第四段中“But after his death in 1750, Bach’s compositions fell out of fashion until Felix Mendelssohn, a German composer, rediscovered them in the 1820s. (但在Bach于1750年去世后，他的作品不再流行，直到德国作曲家Felix Mendelssohn在19世纪20年代重新发现了它们)”可知，Bach的作品在去世后被遗忘了几十年。故选A。
19．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“The status of classics depends on critics and shows the power of passionate writers to change the way people look at art. (经典的地位取决于评论家，并展示了热情的作家改变人们看待艺术方式的力量)”可知，评论家和热情作家的影响决定经典的地位。故选B。
20．主旨大意题。通读全文，根据最后一段中“The status of classics depends on critics and shows the power of passionate writers to change the way people look at art. Tastes evolve, and they should. But culture lives on only as long as people continue to argue over what counts as a classic today. The true enemy of the classic is not relativism or awakening. It is silence. (经典的地位取决于评论家，并展示了热情的作家改变人们看待艺术方式的力量。品味在进化，也应该如此。但是，只要人们继续争论什么是今天的经典，文化就会继续存在。经典的真正敌人不是相对主义或觉醒。而是沉默)”可知，本文通过举例说明经典的地位随着时间和评论的变化而变化，强调文化品味对经典的影响。故选B。
