37.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之《日出·印象》这幅画的详细描述和深入分析 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之种子传播在维持生态系统健康中的关键作用 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之一种突破性的脑机接口（BCI）系统 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之讲述达尔豪斯大学用AI解码鸡的语言 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之中亚和非洲部分地区遭受荒漠化的现状 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解试题说明文的解题步骤一般可分为阅读文章、分析题干、对比选项及复查答案，具体如下：
阅读文章
快速浏览，把握主旨：迅速浏览文章的标题、首尾段、每段的首句等，明确文章的主题和大致内容，确定文章是在介绍某个事物、解释某种现象还是阐述某种观点等。比如文章标题是 “The Wonders of Renewable Energy”，大致能判断出是关于可再生能源的介绍说明。
扫读全文，了解结构：以较快的速度扫读全文，留意文章中的小标题、关键词、重要数据、因果关系词、转折词等，了解文章的结构和段落之间的逻辑关系，知道每个部分大致在讲什么内容，为后续定位信息做好准备。例如看到 “firstly”“secondly”“finally” 等词，就知道文章是按顺序进行说明；看到 “however”“but” 等词，要注意前后内容的转折变化。
精读难点，标记信息：对于文中出现的长难句、专业术语、复杂的概念等进行精读，尽可能理解其含义，并标记出重要的信息点，如观点、原因、例子等，方便答题时快速查找。
分析题干
明确题型：仔细阅读题干，判断题目属于细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等哪种类型，不同题型的解题方法和思路有所不同。比如题干中出现 “According to the passage, …” 一般是细节理解题；出现 “ What is the main idea of the passage ” 就是主旨大意题。
提取关键词：从题干中提取关键信息，如人名、地名、时间、事件、核心概念等，这些关键词是在文章中定位答案的重要依据。例如题干是 “What are the advantages of 5G technology according to the passage ”，“5G technology” 和 “advantages” 就是关键词。
确定定位范围：根据关键词和对文章结构的了解，大致确定答案可能在文章的哪个段落或部分，缩小查找范围，提高解题效率。
对比选项
逐一分析：将选项与文章中定位到的相关内容进行仔细对比，分析每个选项的内容是否与原文一致，注意选项中的细节、表述的准确性和完整性。对于细节理解题，要特别注意选项是否与原文的细节信息完全相符，有没有偷换概念、以偏概全、歪曲事实等情况。
排除干扰项：常见的干扰项有错误信息项（与原文内容不符）、片面信息项（只涵盖了部分内容，不全面）、无关信息项（与文章内容无关）、过度推理项（超出了原文所表达的意思）等，根据选项与原文的对比，排除明显错误的干扰项，提高答题的准确率。
选择最佳答案：在排除干扰项后，对于剩下的选项进行进一步比较和分析，选择最符合题干要求和原文内容的选项作为答案。对于一些较难判断的选项，要回到原文中再次确认信息，结合上下文进行综合考虑。
复查答案
检查答案的合理性：将所选答案代入题干和文章中，检查是否逻辑通顺、符合文章的主旨和上下文语境，确保答案的合理性和准确性。
检查是否有遗漏：快速浏览所有题目和选项，检查是否有遗漏未做的题目，或者在答题过程中是否有疏忽大意的地方，如有需要，进行补充和修正
【词汇清障】
C&D1
embrace A. 黎明
mist B. 拥抱；环抱
dawn C. 雾
interplay D. 界限
boundary E. 相互作用
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - E；5 - D
delicate A. 镜子；反映
mirror B. 开创性的
pioneering C. 象征；暗示
imply D. 微妙的；精美的
deliberate E. 故意的；蓄意的
答案：6 - D；7 - A；8 - B；9 - C；10 - E
C&D2
wipe out A. 分散；传播
diversity B. 多样性
dispersal C. 生态系统
ecosystem D. 灭绝；消灭
captivating E. 迷人的；有吸引力的
答案：1 - D；2 - B；3 - A；4 - C；5 - E
disjointed A. 易受影响的
susceptible B. 脱节的；不连贯的
decline C. 展开；逐渐发生
unfold D. 减少；下降
continent E. 大陆；洲
答案：6 - B；7 - A；8 - D；9 - C；10 - E
C&D3
breakthrough A. 逐渐的
restore B. 植入的
gradual C. 突破
implanted D. 恢复
interpret E. 解读；诠释
答案：1 - C；2 - D；3 - A；4 - B；5 - E
demoralizing A. 里程碑
milestone B. 使沮丧的
paralysis C. 转化的；变革性的
transformative D. 瘫痪
highlight E. 强调；突出
答案：6 - B；7 - A；8 - D；9 - C；10 - E
C&D4
cluck A. 解码；破译
squawk B. 咯咯声
purr C. 尖叫
decode D. 呼噜声
insight E. 洞察力；深刻见解
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
poultry A. 有同情心的
algorithm B. 家禽
pitch C. 算法
empathetic D. 音调；音高
avian E. 鸟类的
答案：6 - B；7 - C；8 - D；9 - A；10 - E
C&D5
desertification A. 冰川
precipitation B. 荒漠化
glacier C. 降水；降水量
barren D. 贫瘠的；荒芜的
plague E. 困扰；折磨
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
fertility A. 自然再生
regeneration B. 生产的；多产的
productive C. 壕沟；沟渠
trench D. 沙丘
dune E. 肥沃；肥力
答案：6 - E；7 - A；8 - B；9 - C；10 - D
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·云南保山·期末）In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move through the mist; tall factory chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony painted by Claude Monet in Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.
Painted at dawn on November 13, 1872, this oil painting pictures a harbor scene enveloped in morning mist, and reveals the beautiful view of daybreak through the interplay of light and motion. In this painting, Monet abandoned the mainstream academic art style of his time — distinct boundaries and colors. Instead, he focused on color relationships and the effects of outdoor light, capturing the delicate changes of colors through reflections on the water surface, breaking through the limits of the art world at the time.
This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in nature but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. Meanwhile, it describes a warm and peaceful life, representing people’s expectations for economic recovery and social stability. The industrial elements in the painting, such as the smoking chimneys, imply the development of society and economic boom at the time, suggesting the social changes and the mentality of people in late 19th century Europe.
For a thorough appreciation of this artwork and its significance in art history, one should examine the primary colors featured in the painting, such as light purple, soft red, blue-gray, and orange-yellow, and figure out how they interact to bring up the atmosphere of a sunrise. It’s also important to figure out how Monet skillfully seized the instant through the contrast of light and shadow, along with his deliberate arrangement of the sun, boats, and chimneys. More importantly, the symbolic significance of the sunrise, or what it mint symbolize in terms of hope, rebirth, or societal transformation, is a theme that viewers should consider repeatedly.
1．What is the author’s purpose by describing the port at the beginning
A．To convey emotion. B．To invite people to visit.
C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To showcase literary talent.
2．Which were best defines Claude Monet according to the passage
A．Conservative. B．Innovative. C．Passive. D．Traditional.
3．Which of the following aspects is NOT analyzed in the text
A．The use of primary colors in the painting.
B．The impact of industrial development on society.
C．The influence of Monet’s painting on future generations.
D．Monet’s technique in capturing the interplay of light and color.
4．What can be the most appropriate title for the text
A．Monet: The Greatest Master of Art
B．Monet: The Pioneer of Impressionism
C．Impression, Sunrise Is an Artistic Revolution
D．Impression, Sunrise Is a Mirror for the 19th Century Europe
【答案】1．C 2．B 3．C 4．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、美术与摄影、说明文
【导语】本文是说明文。它通过对Claude Monet的《日出·印象》这幅画的详细描述和深入分析，探讨了画作的艺术特点、历史背景、象征意义以及在艺术史上的地位。
1．推理判断题。根据第一段“In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move through the mist; tall factory chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony painted by Claude Monet in Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.(在勒阿弗尔港，晨光拥抱着水面；小船在雾中穿行；高大的工厂烟囱将烟与雾混合在一起——克劳德·莫奈在《日出·印象》中描绘的美丽和谐的画面，邀请你走进印象派的世界)”可知，文章开头通过详细描述勒阿弗尔港的黎明景色，使用了生动的视觉语言来吸引读者。这种描述手法的目的是抓住读者的注意力，使他们对文章的主题产生兴趣，并激发其继续阅读下去的欲望，故选C。
2．推理判断题。根据第二段“In this painting, Monet abandoned the mainstream academic art style of his time — distinct boundaries and colors. Instead, he focused on color relationships and the effects of outdoor light, capturing the delicate changes of colors through reflections on the water surface, break ng through the limits of the art world at the time.(在这幅画中，莫奈抛弃了当时主流的学院派艺术风格——鲜明的边界和色彩。相反，他专注于色彩关系和室外光线的效果，通过水面的反射捕捉色彩的微妙变化，突破了当时艺术界的限制)”和第三段“This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in nature but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. (这幅艺术珍品不仅展示了莫奈对自然中光与色相互作用的独特见解，也反映了他开创性的艺术创作方法)”可知，莫奈放弃了当时主流的学术艺术风格——明显的边界和颜色，而专注于色彩之间的关系和户外光线的效果，捕捉水面反射色彩的微妙变化，突破了当时艺术界的限制。这表明莫奈是一个创新的艺术家，故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据第三段“This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in nature but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. Meanwhile, it describes a warm and peaceful life, representing people’s expectations for economic recovery and social stability. The industrial elements in the painting, such as the smoking chimneys, imply the development of society and economic boom at the time, suggesting the social changes and the mentality of people in late 19th century Europe.(这幅艺术珍品不仅展示了莫奈对自然中光与色相互作用的独特见解，也反映了他开创性的艺术创作方法。同时，它描绘了一个温暖和平的生活，代表了人们对经济复苏和社会稳定的期望。画中的工业元素，如冒烟的烟囱，暗示了当时社会的发展和经济的繁荣，暗示了19世纪后期欧洲的社会变化和人们的心态)”可知，分析了莫奈的画作展示了他对光与色彩相互作用的独特见解，以及他对艺术创作的开创性方法。同时，提到了画作如何反映了当时社会的经济发展和人们对经济复苏与社会稳定的期望。但是，文中并没有提到莫奈的画作对未来几代人的影响，故选C。
4．主旨大意题。根据第一段“In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move through the mist; tall factory chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony painted by Claude Monet in Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.(在勒阿弗尔港，晨光拥抱着水面；小船在雾中穿行；高大的工厂烟囱将烟与雾混合在一起——克劳德·莫奈在《日出·印象》中描绘的美丽和谐的画面，邀请你走进印象派的世界)”以及纵观全文可知，这篇文章主要对莫奈的画作《日出·印象》作了详细的描述和深入分析，重点是这幅画作而非画家莫奈。文章介绍了画作内容、创作背景和手法、社会象征意义和欣赏方式等。就文章来说，它从画作创作没有采用当时的艺术主流方式体现了它的创新；就现实来说，这幅画作是印象派的开山之作，C项“《日出·印象》是一场艺术革命”符合。故选C。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·云南保山·期末）With hunters wiping out most fruit-eating birds in the forest of Lambir Hills National Park on western Borne o by the 1990s, the sky grew duller, and in a few years, so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, highlighting the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem health. Just as Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich, calls it “the glue that keeps ecological communities together”.
Recently, a study in Science reveals that at least one-third of European plant species are endangered. This includes not just birds but also mammals, reptiles, and ants. Pedro Jordano, another ecologist, illustrated the study “brilliant and captivating” but also “alarming”, warning that the loss of seed dispersers could prevent plants expanding their ranges to adapt to climate change or recover from wildfires, especially in Europe’s highly disjointed landscape. Ruben Heleno, a community ecologist, said, “We should not be afraid of using the word crisis,” given the situation that plant species are facing.
Sara Mendes, a Ph. D．student at the University of Coimbra, searched through thousands of studies in 26 languages, focusing on terms like seed dispersal and the more than 900 European animals likely to consume seeds. “The project requires a certain amount of craziness to be accomplished,” she said, adding that in all major biogeographical areas in Europe, more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are either threatened or decreasing.
Furthermore, the study discloses that over 60% of plants have five or fewer seed dispersers, making them particularly susceptible to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical species. Nearly 80 “very high concern” interactions where both the plant and its disperser are threatened or declining, such as the European fan palm relying on the endangered rabbit, have been identified.
Despite the extensive data, significant gaps remain. International Union for Conservation of Nature assessments are incomplete for 67% of the plant species, and the roles of various dispersers, especially for rare plants, are still unclear. Ecologists warn that similar crises may be unfolding on other continents, continents,including North America.
5．What’s the primary cause of the decline in fruit-producing plant diversity in Lambir Hills National Park
A．The disjointedness of the European landscape. B．The absence of birds to spread plant seeds.
C．The impact of climate change on plant species. D．The removal of fruit-eating animals by hunters.
6．What is Ruben Heleno’s attitude towards the situation described in the passage
A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.
7．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Stable. B．Sensitive. C．Adaptable. D．Resistant.
8．How is the information organized in the article
A．Time order. B．Problem-solution format.
C．Cause and effect structure. D．Comparison among different species.
【答案】5．B 6．A 7．B 8．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、说明文
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章探讨了种子传播在维持生态系统健康中的关键作用，以及人类狩猎行为对种子传播者的影响。全文通过具体案例和科学研究，强调了种子传播者对植物多样性和生态系统稳定性的重要性，并指出种子传播者和植物之间相互依赖的关系，旨在唤起人们对种子传播者减少及其对生态系统影响的关注，并强调保护这些关键物种的紧迫性。
5．细节理解题。根据第一段“Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, highlighting the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem health. (没有鸟类传播种子，果树的多样性就会下降，这凸显了种子传播对生态系统健康的重要性)”可知，兰比尔山国家公园水果生产植物多样性下降的主要原因是没有鸟类传播植物种子。故选B。
6．推理判断题。根据第二段“Pedro Jordano, another ecologist, illustrated the study “brilliant and captivating” but also “alarming”, warning that the loss of seed dispersers could prevent plants expanding their ranges to adapt to climate change or recover from wildfires, especially in Europe’s highly disjointed landscape. Ruben Heleno, a community ecologist, said, “We should not be afraid of using the word crisis,” given the situation that plant species are facing.(另一位生态学家Pedro Jordano表示，这项研究“精彩而迷人”，但也“令人担忧”，他警告说，种子传播者的消失可能会阻止植物扩大范围以适应气候变化或从野火中恢复过来，尤其是在欧洲高度脱节的景观中。社区生态学家鲁本·赫里诺说，考虑到植物物种所面临的情况，“我们不应该害怕使用危机这个词”)”可知，他对种子传播者减少及其对植物适应气候变化和从野火中恢复过来的能力的影响，他认为要使用“危机”一词，Ruben Heleno对目前的植物状况感到担忧和关切。。故选A。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线词上文“over 60% of plants have five or fewer seed dispersers(超过60%的植物只有5个或更少的种子传播者)”以及后文“the decline or disappearance of any of these critical species(这些关键物种的衰退或消失)”可知，超过60%的植物只有5个或更少的种子传播者，所以这些植物对这些关键物种的减少或消失十分敏感。故划线词意思是“敏感”。故选B。
8．推理判断题。文章从描述猎人消除种子传播者——鸟类开始，然后详细说明了这种消除对森林生物多样性的影响，到进一步讨论了种子传播减少的后果，包括对植物物种适应气候变化和野火能力的影响。因此，信息的组织方式是展示一系列因果关系，符合因果结构。故选C。
C&D 3
（2025·安徽合肥·一模）Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface (BCI). The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health.
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movement. BCI technology can restore communication for those affected. In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system. Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying, “My past condition was so demoralizing. Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped. Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.”
The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr. Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis (瘫痪) communicate. In July 2023, the UC Davis team implanted a BCI device into Harrell’s brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech. The system translates brain activity into phonemes (音素) and words, enabling real-time communication. Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.
Over 32 weeks and 248 hours of use, the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6% acéuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes of training and 90.2% accuracy for a 125,000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology,” Brandman said. “It provides hope for people who want to speak but can’t.” Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.
9．What do we know about the BrainGate BCI
A．It is used to treat speech disabilities.
B．It translates brain signals into speech.
C．It helps people with ALS move and speak.
D．It connects brains to make computers smarter.
10．What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Discouraging. B．Demanding. C．Comforting. D．Eye-opening.
11．Why was the speech composed in Harrell’s pre-ALS voice
A．To enable his communication in real time.
B．To make his speech emotionally meaningful.
C．To improve the accuracy of speech translation.
D．To help interpret his brain signals more easily.
12．What is Dr. John Ngai’s attitude towards the BrainGate BCI
A．Favourable. B．Unclear. C．Cautious. D．Dismissive.
【答案】9．B 10．A 11．B 12．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科学技术 、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了BrainGate研究中心的科学家们开发的一种突破性的脑机接口（BCI）系统，旨在帮助因渐冻症（ALS）等疾病导致言语障碍的人恢复交流能力。
9．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer.(该系统旨在为因肌萎缩侧索硬化症（ALS）等疾病导致行动能力和言语能力逐渐丧失的患者恢复交流能力。它利用植入的传感器来解读用户尝试说话时的大脑信号，并将这些信号转换成文本，最后由计算机朗读出来)”可知，BrainGate BCI系统的主要功能是将大脑信号转化为语音，帮助那些因疾病失去言语能力的人恢复交流能力。故选B。
10．词句猜测题。根据下文“Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped.(无法交流就像被困住了一样)”可知，哈雷尔过去因为无法交流而感到非常沮丧和受挫，由此可知，“demoralizing”意思是“使沮丧的、使失去信心的”，与A项：Discouraging意思相近。故选A。
11．推理判断题。根据第三段“Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.(哈雷尔的脑机接口使用在他患上ALS之前的语音样本训练的软件，生成了与他自己的声音相似的语音。这使他能够以非常个人化的方式与亲人交流)”可知，用哈雷尔患ALS前的声音来组成语音是为了使他能够以非常个人化的、富有情感意义的方式与亲人交流。故选B。
12．推理判断题。根据最后一段“Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.(美国国立卫生研究院（NIH）脑研究计划（BRAIN Initiative）主任约翰 奈博士强调，这一里程碑是恢复瘫痪患者交流能力的重要一步)”可知，Dr. John Ngai认为BrainGate BCI是恢复瘫痪患者交流能力的重要一步，这表明他对BrainGate BCI持支持态度。故选A。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·河北邢台·期末）Have you ever wondered what chickens are talking about Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system. These sounds are their way of interacting with the world and expressing joy, fear, and social connection to one another.
Like humans, the “language” of chickens varies with age, environment, and surprisingly, domestication (驯化), giving us insights into their social structures and behaviours. Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life.
Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us. The use of AI and machine learning is like having a universal translator for chicken speech. AI can analyze vast amounts of audio data. Our algorithms (算法) are learning to recognize patterns and tiny differences in chicken sounds. This isn’t a simple task — chickens have a range of sounds that vary in pitch, tone, and context. But by using advanced data analysis techniques, we’re beginning to crack their code. This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals.
One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed Are they content By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.
This project isn’t just about academic curiosity; it has real-world implications. We’re not only unlocking the secrets of avian (鸟类的) communication but also setting new standards for animal welfare.
13．What can be learned about chickens
A．They are communicative. B．They behave randomly.
C．They lack emotions. D．They talk oddly.
14．What benefit will chickens get from the project
A．Better food quality. B．Faster growth rates.
C．Better care. D．Enhanced social skills.
15．What is a highlight of the research
A．Revealing chickens’ behaviours. B．Understanding chickens’ emotions.
C．Analyzing chickens’ living environment. D．Discovering advanced feeding methods.
16．What is the text mainly about
A．Enhancing animal health with AI. B．The secret of chickens’ life.
C．Unlocking chickens’ language with AI. D．The future of poultry farming.
【答案】13．A 14．C 15．B 16．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】动物、说明文、人工智能
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述达尔豪斯大学用AI解码鸡的语言，了解其情绪，助力动物福利提升。
13．细节理解题。根据第一段第二句“Chickens are quite the communicators— their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system.(鸡是相当善于交流的动物 —— 它们的咯咯声、尖叫声和呼噜声不仅仅是随意发出的声音，而是一个复杂的语言系统。)”可知，鸡是善于交流的。故选A项。
14．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed Are they content By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.(这项研究最令人兴奋的方面之一是理解这些声音背后的情感内容。它们有压力吗？它们满足吗？通过了解它们的情绪状态，我们可以在对它们的照顾和生活环境方面做出更明智的决定。)”可知，通过这个项目，能更好地了解鸡的情绪状态，从而能给予它们更好的照顾。故选C项。
15．细节理解题。根据第四段“One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed Are they content By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.(这项研究最令人兴奋的方面之一是理解这些声音背后的情感内容。它们有压力吗？它们满足吗？通过了解它们的情绪状态，我们可以在对它们的照顾和生活环境方面做出更明智的决定。)”可知，这项研究的一个亮点是理解鸡的情绪。故选B项。
16．主旨大意题。根据第三段第一句“Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens.(我们在达尔豪斯大学的研究应用人工智能（AI）来解码鸡的语言。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要讲述了通过人工智能来解码鸡的语言这一研究。而C选项Unlocking chickens’ language with AI.(用人工智能解锁鸡的语言)符合文章主旨。故选C项。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·河北邢台·期末）Over 60% of Central Asia suffers from desertification. Rising temperatures in parts of China, Uzbekistan, and many other countries have been a concern. Since the 1980s, much of the region has had a desert climate. However, the situation has now spread toward northern Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan, and north-western China. Mountains have become hotter and wetter, making the glaciers smaller. Here, an increase in temperature and precipitation in the form of rain instead of snow has contributed to the melting of ice at mountain tops. Therefore, glaciers have less and less ice. As a consequence, less meltwater flows to nearby regions, causing water shortages.
Desertification is also a huge issue in Africa. For example, poor harvesting and increasing barren lands continue to plague the inhabitants of Engaruka, Tanzania. In Mauritania, a drop in rainfall has worsened agricultural production and has left many farmers struggling to grow enough food to eat or sell.
To solve desertification, various measures are taken in different countries. In Niger, local governments have improved land to restore soil fertility, which has positively affected the country whose economy is largely dependent on agriculture. Here, the farmers have been encouraged to follow the principle of farmer-managed natural regeneration. This technique involves the regeneration and increase of trees whose roots already lay underneath the land, encouraging significant tree growth. This has made the soil more productive, improved farmers’ income, and turned the lands greener than before. Villages in Kenya and Tanzania are fighting droughts and desertification by digging trenches that store water when it rains, thus keeping water for plants and trees.
Some projects have helped fix sand dunes in north-western China. One of the problems of desertification is the migration of sands threatening roads, villages, and farmland. Dune-fixing is based on the straw-checkerboard technique, which involves planting straws of wheat, rice, and other plants in a checkerboard shape where half is buried and the other half is exposed. Desertification control efforts have also benefited people living there by creating jobs and increasing incomes by growing sand-fixing shrub species and building greenhouses.
17．What can we infer from paragraph 1
A．There is no desertification in African continent.
B．The increase of rain has solved water shortages.
C．The melting of ice on the mountains is a good sign.
D．Desertification in Central Asia is worse than before.
18．What does the underlined word “plague” in the second paragraph probably mean
A．Amuse. B．Trouble. C．Shock. D．Puzzle.
19．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The main causes of desertification. B．The various policies adopted by governments.
C．The different ways of fighting desertification. D．The negative effects of desertification on people.
20．What is the purpose of planting straws of plants
A．To keep the sand from moving. B．To stop people going inside.
C．To prevent animals from crossing. D．To build simple houses for people.
【答案】17．D 18．B 19．C 20．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】环境保护、说明文
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文中阐述了中亚和非洲部分地区遭受荒漠化的现状，以及不同国家为解决该问题所采取的多样手段，旨在让读者了解荒漠化的严峻形势与应对成效。
17．推理判断题。根据第一段“Since the 1980s, much of the region has had a desert climate. However, the situation has now spread toward northern Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan, and north - western China.(自20世纪 80年代以来，该地区大部分地区一直处于沙漠气候。然而，现在这种情况已经蔓延到乌兹别克斯坦北部、吉尔吉斯斯坦、哈萨克斯坦南部和中国西北部) ”可知，中亚的荒漠化情况比以前更严重了。故选D项。
18．词义猜测题。第二段“Desertification is also a huge issue in Africa. For example, poor harvesting and increasing barren lands continue to plague the inhabitants of Engaruka, Tanzania.( 荒漠化在非洲同样是个重大问题。例如，歉收和不断增多的荒地，持续……坦桑尼亚恩加鲁卡的居民)”表明，“plague”的意思应是“trouble”（困扰，使烦恼），才能起到举例说明“荒漠化在非洲同样是个重大问题”的作用。故选B项。
19．主旨大意题。根据第三段的主旨句“To solve desertification, various measures are taken in different countries.(为了解决荒漠化问题，不同国家采取了各种各样的措施)”及后文对不同国家采取的措施介绍可知，该段主要讲述了不同国家对抗荒漠化的不同方式。故选C项。
20．细节理解题。根据最后一段“One of the problems of desertification is the migration of sands threatening roads, villages, and farmland. Dune-fixing is based on the straw-checkerboard technique, which involves planting straws of wheat, rice, and other plants in a checkerboard shape where half is buried and the other half is exposed.(荒漠化的问题之一是沙子的移动威胁着道路、村庄和农田。固沙是基于草方格技术，该技术包括将小麦、水稻和其他植物的秸秆以方格形状种植，一半埋在地下，另一半露在外面)”可知，种植秸秆是为了固定沙丘，防止沙子移动。故选A 项。37.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之《日出·印象》这幅画的详细描述和深入分析 说明文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之种子传播在维持生态系统健康中的关键作用 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之一种突破性的脑机接口（BCI）系统 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之讲述达尔豪斯大学用AI解码鸡的语言 说明文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之中亚和非洲部分地区遭受荒漠化的现状 说明文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解试题说明文的解题步骤一般可分为阅读文章、分析题干、对比选项及复查答案，具体如下：
阅读文章
快速浏览，把握主旨：迅速浏览文章的标题、首尾段、每段的首句等，明确文章的主题和大致内容，确定文章是在介绍某个事物、解释某种现象还是阐述某种观点等。比如文章标题是 “The Wonders of Renewable Energy”，大致能判断出是关于可再生能源的介绍说明。
扫读全文，了解结构：以较快的速度扫读全文，留意文章中的小标题、关键词、重要数据、因果关系词、转折词等，了解文章的结构和段落之间的逻辑关系，知道每个部分大致在讲什么内容，为后续定位信息做好准备。例如看到 “firstly”“secondly”“finally” 等词，就知道文章是按顺序进行说明；看到 “however”“but” 等词，要注意前后内容的转折变化。
精读难点，标记信息：对于文中出现的长难句、专业术语、复杂的概念等进行精读，尽可能理解其含义，并标记出重要的信息点，如观点、原因、例子等，方便答题时快速查找。
分析题干
明确题型：仔细阅读题干，判断题目属于细节理解题、主旨大意题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等哪种类型，不同题型的解题方法和思路有所不同。比如题干中出现 “According to the passage, …” 一般是细节理解题；出现 “ What is the main idea of the passage ” 就是主旨大意题。
提取关键词：从题干中提取关键信息，如人名、地名、时间、事件、核心概念等，这些关键词是在文章中定位答案的重要依据。例如题干是 “What are the advantages of 5G technology according to the passage ”，“5G technology” 和 “advantages” 就是关键词。
确定定位范围：根据关键词和对文章结构的了解，大致确定答案可能在文章的哪个段落或部分，缩小查找范围，提高解题效率。
对比选项
逐一分析：将选项与文章中定位到的相关内容进行仔细对比，分析每个选项的内容是否与原文一致，注意选项中的细节、表述的准确性和完整性。对于细节理解题，要特别注意选项是否与原文的细节信息完全相符，有没有偷换概念、以偏概全、歪曲事实等情况。
排除干扰项：常见的干扰项有错误信息项（与原文内容不符）、片面信息项（只涵盖了部分内容，不全面）、无关信息项（与文章内容无关）、过度推理项（超出了原文所表达的意思）等，根据选项与原文的对比，排除明显错误的干扰项，提高答题的准确率。
选择最佳答案：在排除干扰项后，对于剩下的选项进行进一步比较和分析，选择最符合题干要求和原文内容的选项作为答案。对于一些较难判断的选项，要回到原文中再次确认信息，结合上下文进行综合考虑。
复查答案
检查答案的合理性：将所选答案代入题干和文章中，检查是否逻辑通顺、符合文章的主旨和上下文语境，确保答案的合理性和准确性。
检查是否有遗漏：快速浏览所有题目和选项，检查是否有遗漏未做的题目，或者在答题过程中是否有疏忽大意的地方，如有需要，进行补充和修正
【词汇清障】
C&D1
embrace A. 黎明
mist B. 拥抱；环抱
dawn C. 雾
interplay D. 界限
boundary E. 相互作用
——————————————————————————————————
delicate A. 镜子；反映
mirror B. 开创性的
pioneering C. 象征；暗示
imply D. 微妙的；精美的
deliberate E. 故意的；蓄意的
C&D2
wipe out A. 分散；传播
diversity B. 多样性
dispersal C. 生态系统
ecosystem D. 灭绝；消灭
captivating E. 迷人的；有吸引力的
——————————————————————————————————
disjointed A. 易受影响的
susceptible B. 脱节的；不连贯的
decline C. 展开；逐渐发生
unfold D. 减少；下降
continent E. 大陆；洲
C&D3
breakthrough A. 逐渐的
restore B. 植入的
gradual C. 突破
implanted D. 恢复
interpret E. 解读；诠释
——————————————————————————————————
demoralizing A. 里程碑
milestone B. 使沮丧的
paralysis C. 转化的；变革性的
transformative D. 瘫痪
highlight E. 强调；突出
C&D4
cluck A. 解码；破译
squawk B. 咯咯声
purr C. 尖叫
decode D. 呼噜声
insight E. 洞察力；深刻见解
——————————————————————————————————
poultry A. 有同情心的
algorithm B. 家禽
pitch C. 算法
empathetic D. 音调；音高
avian E. 鸟类的
C&D5
desertification A. 冰川
precipitation B. 荒漠化
glacier C. 降水；降水量
barren D. 贫瘠的；荒芜的
plague E. 困扰；折磨
——————————————————————————————————
fertility A. 自然再生
regeneration B. 生产的；多产的
productive C. 壕沟；沟渠
trench D. 沙丘
dune E. 肥沃；肥力
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·云南保山·期末）In the port of Le Havre, the dawn light embraces the water; small boats move through the mist; tall factory chimneys (烟囱) mix their smoke with the fog — an image of beauty and harmony painted by Claude Monet in Impression, Sunrise, inviting you to step into the world of Impressionism.
Painted at dawn on November 13, 1872, this oil painting pictures a harbor scene enveloped in morning mist, and reveals the beautiful view of daybreak through the interplay of light and motion. In this painting, Monet abandoned the mainstream academic art style of his time — distinct boundaries and colors. Instead, he focused on color relationships and the effects of outdoor light, capturing the delicate changes of colors through reflections on the water surface, breaking through the limits of the art world at the time.
This artistic treasure not only showcases Monet’s unique insight into the interplay of light and color in nature but also mirrors his pioneering approach to artistic creation. Meanwhile, it describes a warm and peaceful life, representing people’s expectations for economic recovery and social stability. The industrial elements in the painting, such as the smoking chimneys, imply the development of society and economic boom at the time, suggesting the social changes and the mentality of people in late 19th century Europe.
For a thorough appreciation of this artwork and its significance in art history, one should examine the primary colors featured in the painting, such as light purple, soft red, blue-gray, and orange-yellow, and figure out how they interact to bring up the atmosphere of a sunrise. It’s also important to figure out how Monet skillfully seized the instant through the contrast of light and shadow, along with his deliberate arrangement of the sun, boats, and chimneys. More importantly, the symbolic significance of the sunrise, or what it mint symbolize in terms of hope, rebirth, or societal transformation, is a theme that viewers should consider repeatedly.
1．What is the author’s purpose by describing the port at the beginning
A．To convey emotion. B．To invite people to visit.
C．To arouse readers’ interest. D．To showcase literary talent.
2．Which were best defines Claude Monet according to the passage
A．Conservative. B．Innovative. C．Passive. D．Traditional.
3．Which of the following aspects is NOT analyzed in the text
A．The use of primary colors in the painting.
B．The impact of industrial development on society.
C．The influence of Monet’s painting on future generations.
D．Monet’s technique in capturing the interplay of light and color.
4．What can be the most appropriate title for the text
A．Monet: The Greatest Master of Art
B．Monet: The Pioneer of Impressionism
C．Impression, Sunrise Is an Artistic Revolution
D．Impression, Sunrise Is a Mirror for the 19th Century Europe
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·云南保山·期末）With hunters wiping out most fruit-eating birds in the forest of Lambir Hills National Park on western Borne o by the 1990s, the sky grew duller, and in a few years, so did the forest. Without birds to spread their seeds, the diversity of fruit-producing plants declined, highlighting the critical importance of seed dispersal for ecosystem health. Just as Jordi Bascompte, an ecologist at the University of Zurich, calls it “the glue that keeps ecological communities together”.
Recently, a study in Science reveals that at least one-third of European plant species are endangered. This includes not just birds but also mammals, reptiles, and ants. Pedro Jordano, another ecologist, illustrated the study “brilliant and captivating” but also “alarming”, warning that the loss of seed dispersers could prevent plants expanding their ranges to adapt to climate change or recover from wildfires, especially in Europe’s highly disjointed landscape. Ruben Heleno, a community ecologist, said, “We should not be afraid of using the word crisis,” given the situation that plant species are facing.
Sara Mendes, a Ph. D．student at the University of Coimbra, searched through thousands of studies in 26 languages, focusing on terms like seed dispersal and the more than 900 European animals likely to consume seeds. “The project requires a certain amount of craziness to be accomplished,” she said, adding that in all major biogeographical areas in Europe, more than one-third of seed-dispersing animal species are either threatened or decreasing.
Furthermore, the study discloses that over 60% of plants have five or fewer seed dispersers, making them particularly susceptible to the decline or disappearance of any of these critical species. Nearly 80 “very high concern” interactions where both the plant and its disperser are threatened or declining, such as the European fan palm relying on the endangered rabbit, have been identified.
Despite the extensive data, significant gaps remain. International Union for Conservation of Nature assessments are incomplete for 67% of the plant species, and the roles of various dispersers, especially for rare plants, are still unclear. Ecologists warn that similar crises may be unfolding on other continents, continents,including North America.
5．What’s the primary cause of the decline in fruit-producing plant diversity in Lambir Hills National Park
A．The disjointedness of the European landscape. B．The absence of birds to spread plant seeds.
C．The impact of climate change on plant species. D．The removal of fruit-eating animals by hunters.
6．What is Ruben Heleno’s attitude towards the situation described in the passage
A．Concerned. B．Optimistic. C．Neutral. D．Indifferent.
7．What does the underlined word “susceptible” in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A．Stable. B．Sensitive. C．Adaptable. D．Resistant.
8．How is the information organized in the article
A．Time order. B．Problem-solution format.
C．Cause and effect structure. D．Comparison among different species.
C&D 3
（2025·安徽合肥·一模）Scientists with the BrainGate research center have developed a breakthrough brain-computer interface (BCI). The system aims to restore communication for individuals with speech disabilities caused by conditions like amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), which lead to the gradual loss of mobility and speech. It uses implanted sensors to interpret brain signals when a user attempts to speak, transforming them into text that is read aloud by a computer. The study, published in the New England Journal of Medicine on August 14, was led by David Brandman and Sergey Stavisky, faculty members at UC Davis Health.
ALS, also known as Lou Gehrig’s disease, affects nerve cells controlling muscle movement. BCI technology can restore communication for those affected. In this study, Casey Harrell, a 45-year-old man with ALS, regained the ability to communicate effectively within minutes of using the system. Harrell described the experience as life-changing, saying, “My past condition was so demoralizing. Not being able to communicate seems as if you were trapped. Something like this technology will help people get back into life and society.”
The BrainGate clinical trial, led by Dr. Leigh Hochberg from Brown University, has made major progress in interpreting brain signals to help people with paralysis (瘫痪) communicate. In July 2023, the UC Davis team implanted a BCI device into Harrell’s brain, focusing on the left precentral gyrus, a part of the brain that controls speech. The system translates brain activity into phonemes (音素) and words, enabling real-time communication. Harrell’s BCI generated speech with a voice similar to his own, using software trained with existing voice samples of his voice before he developed ALS. This allowed him to connect with his loved ones in a deeply personal way.
Over 32 weeks and 248 hours of use, the system achieved remarkable results, with 99.6% acéuracy for a 50-word vocabulary in 30 minutes of training and 90.2% accuracy for a 125,000-word vocabulary after 1.4 additional training hours. “This is transformative technology,” Brandman said. “It provides hope for people who want to speak but can’t.” Dr. John Ngai, director of the NIH’s BRAIN Initiative, highlighted the milestone as a major step in restoring communication for individuals locked in by paralysis.
9．What do we know about the BrainGate BCI
A．It is used to treat speech disabilities.
B．It translates brain signals into speech.
C．It helps people with ALS move and speak.
D．It connects brains to make computers smarter.
10．What does the underlined word “demoralizing” in paragraph 2 mean
A．Discouraging. B．Demanding. C．Comforting. D．Eye-opening.
11．Why was the speech composed in Harrell’s pre-ALS voice
A．To enable his communication in real time.
B．To make his speech emotionally meaningful.
C．To improve the accuracy of speech translation.
D．To help interpret his brain signals more easily.
12．What is Dr. John Ngai’s attitude towards the BrainGate BCI
A．Favourable. B．Unclear. C．Cautious. D．Dismissive.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·河北邢台·期末）Have you ever wondered what chickens are talking about Chickens are quite the communicators — their clucks, squawks and purrs are not just random sounds but a complex language system. These sounds are their way of interacting with the world and expressing joy, fear, and social connection to one another.
Like humans, the “language” of chickens varies with age, environment, and surprisingly, domestication (驯化), giving us insights into their social structures and behaviours. Understanding these sounds can transform our approach to poultry (家禽) farming, enhancing chicken welfare and quality of life.
Our research at Dalhousie University applies artificial intelligence (AI) to decode the language of chickens. It’s a project that is set to revolutionize our understanding of these feathered creatures and their communication methods, offering a window into their world that was previously closed to us. The use of AI and machine learning is like having a universal translator for chicken speech. AI can analyze vast amounts of audio data. Our algorithms (算法) are learning to recognize patterns and tiny differences in chicken sounds. This isn’t a simple task — chickens have a range of sounds that vary in pitch, tone, and context. But by using advanced data analysis techniques, we’re beginning to crack their code. This breakthrough in animal communication is not just a scientific achievement; it’s a step towards more humane and empathetic treatment of farm animals.
One of the most exciting aspects of this research is understanding the emotional content behind these sounds. Are they stressed Are they content By understanding their emotional state, we can make more informed decisions about their care and environment.
This project isn’t just about academic curiosity; it has real-world implications. We’re not only unlocking the secrets of avian (鸟类的) communication but also setting new standards for animal welfare.
13．What can be learned about chickens
A．They are communicative. B．They behave randomly.
C．They lack emotions. D．They talk oddly.
14．What benefit will chickens get from the project
A．Better food quality. B．Faster growth rates.
C．Better care. D．Enhanced social skills.
15．What is a highlight of the research
A．Revealing chickens’ behaviours. B．Understanding chickens’ emotions.
C．Analyzing chickens’ living environment. D．Discovering advanced feeding methods.
16．What is the text mainly about
A．Enhancing animal health with AI. B．The secret of chickens’ life.
C．Unlocking chickens’ language with AI. D．The future of poultry farming.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·河北邢台·期末）Over 60% of Central Asia suffers from desertification. Rising temperatures in parts of China, Uzbekistan, and many other countries have been a concern. Since the 1980s, much of the region has had a desert climate. However, the situation has now spread toward northern Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, southern Kazakhstan, and north-western China. Mountains have become hotter and wetter, making the glaciers smaller. Here, an increase in temperature and precipitation in the form of rain instead of snow has contributed to the melting of ice at mountain tops. Therefore, glaciers have less and less ice. As a consequence, less meltwater flows to nearby regions, causing water shortages.
Desertification is also a huge issue in Africa. For example, poor harvesting and increasing barren lands continue to plague the inhabitants of Engaruka, Tanzania. In Mauritania, a drop in rainfall has worsened agricultural production and has left many farmers struggling to grow enough food to eat or sell.
To solve desertification, various measures are taken in different countries. In Niger, local governments have improved land to restore soil fertility, which has positively affected the country whose economy is largely dependent on agriculture. Here, the farmers have been encouraged to follow the principle of farmer-managed natural regeneration. This technique involves the regeneration and increase of trees whose roots already lay underneath the land, encouraging significant tree growth. This has made the soil more productive, improved farmers’ income, and turned the lands greener than before. Villages in Kenya and Tanzania are fighting droughts and desertification by digging trenches that store water when it rains, thus keeping water for plants and trees.
Some projects have helped fix sand dunes in north-western China. One of the problems of desertification is the migration of sands threatening roads, villages, and farmland. Dune-fixing is based on the straw-checkerboard technique, which involves planting straws of wheat, rice, and other plants in a checkerboard shape where half is buried and the other half is exposed. Desertification control efforts have also benefited people living there by creating jobs and increasing incomes by growing sand-fixing shrub species and building greenhouses.
17．What can we infer from paragraph 1
A．There is no desertification in African continent.
B．The increase of rain has solved water shortages.
C．The melting of ice on the mountains is a good sign.
D．Desertification in Central Asia is worse than before.
18．What does the underlined word “plague” in the second paragraph probably mean
A．Amuse. B．Trouble. C．Shock. D．Puzzle.
19．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The main causes of desertification. B．The various policies adopted by governments.
C．The different ways of fighting desertification. D．The negative effects of desertification on people.
20．What is the purpose of planting straws of plants
A．To keep the sand from moving. B．To stop people going inside.
C．To prevent animals from crossing. D．To build simple houses for people.
