2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习-词性+简单句 讲义
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| 名称 | 2025年人教版中考英语一轮复习-词性+简单句 讲义 |  | |
| 格式 | docx | ||
| 文件大小 | 141.7KB | ||
| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版 | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-05 21:15:15 | ||
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文档简介
10 大单词词性
名词 Noun
①表示人、事物、地点等世间万物的名称②例如：Apple、China、pen，The west Lake
③主要语法：名词单复数、名词所有格、主谓一致、变化规则等
动词 Verb
①表示动作或状态②例如：smile、alleviate、finish、attempt
③主要语法：be 动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词、被动语态等
形容词 Adjective
①表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征；修饰名词或代词adj+n
②例如:beautiful，useful，smart
③主要语法:比较级、最高级、做定语、表语或宾语补足语
副词 Adverbs
①说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词；修饰动词或形容词
②例如： fast、quickly、widely
③主要语法：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词
I am writing now.
I want to go home.
She runs fast.
代词 Pronoun
①替代人或事物 ②例如：we、it、myself、them、this
③主要语法：不定代词、人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词等
数词 Numeral
①表示数量或顺序 ②例如：one、first、twenty-two ③
主要语法：序数词、基数词、日期的表达、数词的表达等
冠词 Article
①限定名词的意义；用于名词之前 ②例如：a、an、the（仅此三个）
③主要语法：定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a、an）、零冠词
连词 Conjunction
①用来连接句子、短语和词语 ②例如：and、but、so、however、either or
③主要语法：从属连词、并列连词
介词 Preposition
①表示名词或代词和其他词的关系 ②例如：in、on、about、by、after
③主要语法：地点介词、方向介词、时间介词、介词短语等
Members of a Sentence句子成分
主语（ Subject）: 是一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词充当，一般置于句首。
请阅读以下句子，划出各个句子中的主语。
Friendship comes first.
We are students.
Three of us will help you.
The old need help
The dying are crying.
The wounded are being taken care of .
To teach you is my honour.
Learning English is a piece of cake.
What you said is wrong.
Whether he will come is not known .
二． 谓语(Predicate)
说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当.动词有人称，时态，单复数，语态的变化。谓语动词分为及物，不及物，连系动词和实意动词。请划出下列句子的谓语。
1 I am/He is /You are a student.
2. We often read English in the morning.
3. We should get along well with each other.
4. Whether he will come is not known .
5. The wounded are being taken care of .
6. What to do hasn’t been decided .
7. Three of us will help you.
三． 宾语(Object)：是表示及物动词的动作对象或介词所联系的对象的。常用名词或相当于名词的词担当，置于及物动词或介词后。请划出下列句子中的宾语
We love our mother school.
People from the same country understand each other better.
You must learn to take care of yourselves at school.
Five times six makes thirty.
We should practice speaking English every day .
We should love the young and respect the old .
We don’t know why he is late again.
We don’t know what to do next .
We are proud of our school .
四．表语（ Predicative）跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.。请划出下列句子中的表语。
1. We are students and we are happy.
2.. My job is teaching.
3. My dream is to be a famous director.
4. What he said proved wrong .
6. Her voice sounds beautiful .
7. Ladies and gentlemen , please remain seated until the plane has come to a full stop .
8. He seemed to have known everything .
五．定语(Attribute)用来修饰，限定某些名词或或相当于名词的词的。常用形容词或相当于形容词的短语来担当。请划出下列句子中的定语。
The book on the table is mine . （桌上那本书是我的）
The boy standing over there is Tom. （站在那边那个男孩是汤姆）
Twenty students have passed the Grand Four Test.（二十个学生已经通过了大学英语四级考试）
Our class is really good. （我们班真的很棒）
The beautiful lady is Diana.（这位漂亮的女士是戴安娜）
六．状语（Adverbial）是修饰动词，副词，形容词和全句的一类语法成分。常用副词或相当于副词的短语来担当。
1. I will go there_________（明天）. 状语表示时间
2. The meeting will be held____________________（在会议室）. 状语表示地点
3. The meat went bad_________________________（因为天气热）. 状语表示原因
4. He works hard____________________.（为了出国） 状语表示__________
5. He was so young ___________________________（以致他不能照顾好自己）. 状语表示结果
6. I like you_______________.（非常） 状语表示程度
7._________________, you will pass the exam.（如果你努力） 状语表示条件
8. He goes to school__________.（步行） 状语表示方式
9.______________, he can do it well.（尽管他很小） 状语表示让步
***当时间状语，方式状语，地点状语同时出现在一句话中，按照主谓宾方，地时的顺序写。
例如：I watched TV alone at home yesterday.
七． 同位语（Appositive）一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语
Our headmaster Smith is a wise man.
Luzhou,the Wine City, is developing very fast.
.Mr. Wen Jiabao,Premier of China, has a tender heart of loving the people.
八．补足语. （ Complement）用来补充说明宾语或主语的 动作 和 状态 等。可由n. / adj / adv / prep. Phrases / num. / pron / to do / doing 充当。
You can call me Lucy.
Most of us find English difficult .
I allow her to have a look.
He kept me waiting for half an hour.
Let me out and him in.
注：动词宾语后是否要加宾补以及宾补所采用的形式都由动词的固定用法决定。
九． Analyze (分析)the members of the following sentences
Everybody laughed
He looks fine
Mary lent me her car.
They make him their monitor
They stayed in a hotel.
I recognized him just as he got off the bus
He said that learning a foreign language is very important.
The man whom we visited last Sunday is a famous writer.
In summer , my parents often ask my younger brother, Jack, not to swim.
写句子：
我是一名中学生。
我很外向/商量/努力。
你看起来很累。
我每天晚上和我的姐姐在家学英语。
他们周末在学校开心地打篮球。
名词 Noun
①表示人、事物、地点等世间万物的名称②例如：Apple、China、pen，The west Lake
③主要语法：名词单复数、名词所有格、主谓一致、变化规则等
动词 Verb
①表示动作或状态②例如：smile、alleviate、finish、attempt
③主要语法：be 动词、情态动词、助动词、系动词、被动语态等
形容词 Adjective
①表示人或事物的性质、状态或特征；修饰名词或代词adj+n
②例如:beautiful，useful，smart
③主要语法:比较级、最高级、做定语、表语或宾语补足语
副词 Adverbs
①说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词；修饰动词或形容词
②例如： fast、quickly、widely
③主要语法：时间副词、地点副词、方式副词
I am writing now.
I want to go home.
She runs fast.
代词 Pronoun
①替代人或事物 ②例如：we、it、myself、them、this
③主要语法：不定代词、人称代词、物主代词、疑问代词等
数词 Numeral
①表示数量或顺序 ②例如：one、first、twenty-two ③
主要语法：序数词、基数词、日期的表达、数词的表达等
冠词 Article
①限定名词的意义；用于名词之前 ②例如：a、an、the（仅此三个）
③主要语法：定冠词（the）、不定冠词(a、an）、零冠词
连词 Conjunction
①用来连接句子、短语和词语 ②例如：and、but、so、however、either or
③主要语法：从属连词、并列连词
介词 Preposition
①表示名词或代词和其他词的关系 ②例如：in、on、about、by、after
③主要语法：地点介词、方向介词、时间介词、介词短语等
Members of a Sentence句子成分
主语（ Subject）: 是一个句子的主体，是全句述说的对象，常用名词或相当于名词的词充当，一般置于句首。
请阅读以下句子，划出各个句子中的主语。
Friendship comes first.
We are students.
Three of us will help you.
The old need help
The dying are crying.
The wounded are being taken care of .
To teach you is my honour.
Learning English is a piece of cake.
What you said is wrong.
Whether he will come is not known .
二． 谓语(Predicate)
说明主语做什么或怎么样。通常由动词或动词短语充当.动词有人称，时态，单复数，语态的变化。谓语动词分为及物，不及物，连系动词和实意动词。请划出下列句子的谓语。
1 I am/He is /You are a student.
2. We often read English in the morning.
3. We should get along well with each other.
4. Whether he will come is not known .
5. The wounded are being taken care of .
6. What to do hasn’t been decided .
7. Three of us will help you.
三． 宾语(Object)：是表示及物动词的动作对象或介词所联系的对象的。常用名词或相当于名词的词担当，置于及物动词或介词后。请划出下列句子中的宾语
We love our mother school.
People from the same country understand each other better.
You must learn to take care of yourselves at school.
Five times six makes thirty.
We should practice speaking English every day .
We should love the young and respect the old .
We don’t know why he is late again.
We don’t know what to do next .
We are proud of our school .
四．表语（ Predicative）跟在连系动词后面的词语或从句,用来说明主语的身份,特征,状态.。请划出下列句子中的表语。
1. We are students and we are happy.
2.. My job is teaching.
3. My dream is to be a famous director.
4. What he said proved wrong .
6. Her voice sounds beautiful .
7. Ladies and gentlemen , please remain seated until the plane has come to a full stop .
8. He seemed to have known everything .
五．定语(Attribute)用来修饰，限定某些名词或或相当于名词的词的。常用形容词或相当于形容词的短语来担当。请划出下列句子中的定语。
The book on the table is mine . （桌上那本书是我的）
The boy standing over there is Tom. （站在那边那个男孩是汤姆）
Twenty students have passed the Grand Four Test.（二十个学生已经通过了大学英语四级考试）
Our class is really good. （我们班真的很棒）
The beautiful lady is Diana.（这位漂亮的女士是戴安娜）
六．状语（Adverbial）是修饰动词，副词，形容词和全句的一类语法成分。常用副词或相当于副词的短语来担当。
1. I will go there_________（明天）. 状语表示时间
2. The meeting will be held____________________（在会议室）. 状语表示地点
3. The meat went bad_________________________（因为天气热）. 状语表示原因
4. He works hard____________________.（为了出国） 状语表示__________
5. He was so young ___________________________（以致他不能照顾好自己）. 状语表示结果
6. I like you_______________.（非常） 状语表示程度
7._________________, you will pass the exam.（如果你努力） 状语表示条件
8. He goes to school__________.（步行） 状语表示方式
9.______________, he can do it well.（尽管他很小） 状语表示让步
***当时间状语，方式状语，地点状语同时出现在一句话中，按照主谓宾方，地时的顺序写。
例如：I watched TV alone at home yesterday.
七． 同位语（Appositive）一个名词(或其它形式)对另一个名词或代词进行解释或说明，这个名词(或其它形式)就是同位语
Our headmaster Smith is a wise man.
Luzhou,the Wine City, is developing very fast.
.Mr. Wen Jiabao,Premier of China, has a tender heart of loving the people.
八．补足语. （ Complement）用来补充说明宾语或主语的 动作 和 状态 等。可由n. / adj / adv / prep. Phrases / num. / pron / to do / doing 充当。
You can call me Lucy.
Most of us find English difficult .
I allow her to have a look.
He kept me waiting for half an hour.
Let me out and him in.
注：动词宾语后是否要加宾补以及宾补所采用的形式都由动词的固定用法决定。
九． Analyze (分析)the members of the following sentences
Everybody laughed
He looks fine
Mary lent me her car.
They make him their monitor
They stayed in a hotel.
I recognized him just as he got off the bus
He said that learning a foreign language is very important.
The man whom we visited last Sunday is a famous writer.
In summer , my parents often ask my younger brother, Jack, not to swim.
写句子：
我是一名中学生。
我很外向/商量/努力。
你看起来很累。
我每天晚上和我的姐姐在家学英语。
他们周末在学校开心地打篮球。