2025年浙江省中考英语一轮复习第十四讲
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| 更新时间 | 2025-02-05 21:18:29 | ||
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英语学科讲义
学员编号： 年 级：九年级 课 时 数： 2 学员姓名: 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课类型 中考知识和题型讲解 专题 能力
（大脑放电影~） It is common that earthworms come to the soil surface after a heavy spring rain, but why do they do this Researchers suppose several reasons. For years scientists seemed to think the only reason why earthworms came to the soil surface after a good rain was to prevent drowning（溺死） in their water-filled holes in the ground. “This is not true as earthworms breathe through their skins and actually require wet in the soil to do so.” said Dr. Chris Lowe, Lecturer in Waste and Environmental Management. Earthworms are unable to drown like a human would, and they can even survive several days fully go under the surface of water. Soil experts now think earthworms surface during rain storms for migration（迁徙） purposes. “It gives them a chance to move greater distances across the soil surface than they could do through soil.” said Dr. Lowe. “They can’t do this when it is dry because of their wet requirements, but during unwatered conditions, life is certainly more difficult for a worm. “Earthworms dig deeper into the soil where it is wetter when conditions are dry,’’ said Professor Mary Ann Bruns. Another explanation is rain drop vibrations（震动）on the soil surface sounds similar to vibration of animals who eat or kill earthworms, like those of moles（鼹鼠）. Earthworms often come to the surface to escape moles. “Rain can cause vibrations on top of the soil like mole vibrations.” said Professor Josef Gorres. “Similar to how earthworms move upwards and out of the way when mole vibrations are felt, they could move in a similar way for rain vibrations.” Similarly, humans create vibrations to bilk worms out of their holes in the ground. Earthworms use touch to communicate and interact. Exactly why earthworms have come to form groups is still being studied, but it is possible that worms gather to protect themselves. （ ）1．Which might be the best title for the passage A．Why Do Earthworms Communicate And Interact B．How Do Earthworms Get Rid Of Being Attacked C．Why Do Earthworms Surface After Rain D．How Do Earthworms Surface After Rain （ ）2．Which of the following is TRUE A．Earthworms protect themselves by creating vibrations. B．It’s impossible for earthworms to go farther after heavy rain. C．Earthworms have to surface after rain to avoid being drowned. D．It’s not suitable for earthworms to breathe in dry soil. （ ）3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．moles like to eat or kill earthworms B．heavy rains can make earthworms live deeper C．too wet environments can make earthworms die D．mole vibrations are like earthworm vibrations. （ ）4．The underlined word “bilk” means ________. A．beat B．cheat C．prevent D．pull 下面文章中有五处(第31—35题)需要添加一个问题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合各段的提问。选项中有一项是多余选项。 “Telephone Doctor” Nancy Friedman has noticed several types of “cell phones personalities”. Which of these types have you seen around ___1___ Talking three times louder than necessary is characteristic of this impolite cell phone user. He seems to think everyone has a hearing problem. Doesn’t he know the phone already has a build-in microphone to increase his voice ___2___ This person makes and takes calls anytime, anywhere. She’ll chat in restaurants, at movie theaters, and even at funerals(葬礼). When her cell phone rings, she looks at you and says insincerely, “Oh, sorry about you.” ___3___ Drive or use the phone. Don’t do both at the same time. This can be dangerous. It’s really scary to see a truck in the back view mirror with a driver who is talking on a phone behind the wheel. ___4___ These are the people who aren’t willing to change their ring tone. Sometimes, one phone rings and ten people check to see if it’s theirs. Hang on, I think that’s my phone! ___5___ This person makes small and unimportant phone calls, one after another, after another. It makes others a little bit angry. On airplanes, you’ll overhear her saying things like, “Hi, we haven’t left yet.” or “Hi, we just landed. OK, see you in a minute.” A．The Shouter B．The Careless Driver C．The I-Talk-Anywhere D．The Same Phone Ring E．The Angry Phone Maker F．The Useless Phone Calls 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Sophie, 13, won the 2019 New Zealand’s “Think kind” competition for students. “I held a beach clean-up, because it really ___1___ me that marine (海洋的) life is hurt by thoughtless decisions of humans.” Sophie saw ___2___ on the sea floor while snorkeling (徒手潜泳). “It was the first time I’d seen marine life ___3___ among plastics.” It was the trigger (起因) of her act. “We weren’t taking enough ___4___. Everyone needs to do their ___5___, otherwise we’re going to ___6___ our planet.” Sophie turned to media to get her ___7___ out and ask for volunteers at the clean-up. To her surprise, more than 200 people turned up. 200 kilograms of rubbish were ___8___ that day. “It was horrible. We knew rubbish was there but we didn’t realize how ___9___ the rubbish was until we started collecting.” Once ecological awareness (生态意识) ____10____ Sophie, she decided to do something different. On her 14th birthday, she decided to celebrate differently. ____11____ holding a party creating waste, she decided to reduce it. On her “party”, Sophie and her friends ____12____ to pick up the rubbish that stored up along the river bank near the town. “If there is one thing everyone could do, it is to ‘____13____ after yourself’,” says Sophie. “It’s hard for some families to afford plastic alternatives (替代品), but just not buying things wrapped in plastic will help.” She suggests using ____14____ materials like metal straws. “When there are more alternatives on the market, it will be ____15____ for individuals to make a change.” （ ）1．A．interests B．impresses C．encourages D．bothers （ ）2．A．rocks B．creatures C．garbage D．plants （ ）3．A．increasing B．living C．dying D．eating （ ）4．A．advice B．time C．patience D．action （ ）5．A．lessons B．part C．work D．role （ ）6．A．put down B．deal with C．let down D．cut out （ ）7．A．message B．information C．news D．methods （ ）8．A．recycled B．buried C．sold D．collected （ ）9．A．smelly B．tough C．much D．far （ ）10．A．thought B．reached C．hit D．found （ ）11．A．In fear of B．In hope of C．Instead of D．Because of （ ）12．A．managed B．expected C．continued D．failed （ ）13．A．pick up B．set up C．turn up D．back up （ ）14．A．valuable B．recyclable C．inexpensive D．creative （ ）15．A．better B．easier C．happier D．longer （你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 写人叙事类 首段： 范例1: 朋友A friend in need is a friend indeed。 I have a friend just like that who often offers me much warmth in my life let me introduce him to you 范例2：父母If you ask me who is the most important one to me。 Without doubt the answer is my……….. Let me introduce him or her to you. 范例3: 老师 In both my life and study my… teacher is special to me because he is not only my teacher but also my friend who has made a great difference to my character. / spread kindness and love to people around him。 主题段: 1. 外貌: ……..Is very beautiful but little fat with long hair and big eyes. 2. 性格: ….. Is an outgoing woman who always get along with people around her./ ……. is very kind to other than easy to get on with . …….is so ready to help others that we all like to make friends with him. 3. 爱好：She is especially good at cooking and often cooks different delicious food for us。 4. 具体事例: 朋友: Linda is like an angel. Whenever I meet trouble, she will always be there. When I fail my test, she always encourage me to face the fact bravely and then tries to help me to check the reason why I fail. At the same time, she shares her good ways of studying with me. 妈妈：Last term I failed my exam。 I was so sad that I cried in my room. When my mother came from work later, she talked with me patiently and cheered me up. That evening, when I woke up at night, my mother was still working. I was deeply moved. Then I made up my mind to study harder than before。 老师: My Chinese teacher, Miss Li not only teaches us how to learn, but also teach us how to be a person. I remember I made a serious mistake in Grade Seven that was to copy others` homework. Miss LI knew that. Instead of being angry with me, she told me the importance of study hard to become a talented person in the future。 尾段： 朋友:As a sunshine teenager, Xiao hui is a good example for us to learn from . / I will treasure the friendship forever. 父母:Now I understand my father`s /mother`s love to me. I will never forget what my father/ mother did for me and try my best to make him/her pleased. 老师:He is an excellent teacher I will never forget and love him forever （总结一下你的收获吧~ ） 多积累平时练习中的单拼题和阅读理解中反复出现的中考高频词汇 掌握记忆单词拼写和中文意思的记忆方法 从已知词汇出发，推测整句话的意思进而决定填哪个单词 在填词时要注意单词的形式是否需要变化 （大脑放电影~） Good morning, boys and g . Let’s begin our class. I’m a of snakes because I think they are dangerous. I’m going to Tom’s birthday p next Monday. A rose(玫瑰) is a f that has a good smell. Mother w me up at 6 o’clock yesterday morning and told me it was time to get up. Fifty and fifty is one h The telephone was i by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, that is, he was the first person to make the telephone. All the students are studying at school e Tom, who is ill at home. —W bag is this —It’s mine. Dr. Naismith d the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play basketball. （你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 并列连词 1.表示并列、递进关系的并列连词 常用来表示并列、递进关系的并列连词有and,“both...and...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...”，as well as等。 We should practice English both at home and at school.我们在家里和在学校里都要练习英语。 Not only you but (also) Jim is to blame for this.这件事不但怪你也怪吉姆。 2.表示转折关系的并列连词 表示转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,still,while等。 We wear school uniforms, but we do not wear ties.我们穿校服，但我们不系领带。 Lucy would like to wear the same clothes,while Lily would like to wear the different ones.露西喜欢穿同样的衣服，而莉莉喜欢穿不同的衣服。 3.表示选择关系的并列连词 表示选择关系的并列连词有“either...or...”“not...but...”，or等。 －Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai 你去上海时打算住在哪里？ －I may live either in a hotel or in a friend's house.我可能住宾馆或者住在朋友家里。 4.表示因果关系的并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词有so等。 I want to be a teacher when I'm older, so it would be a great experience for me.我长大后想成为一名教师，所以这对我来说是一次非常有意义的经历。 状语从句 一 时间状语从句 在句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句都是由从属连词引导的。它与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号分开；位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句可根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语、比较状语从句、方式状语从句九种。 1.where的用法 (1)when意为“在……时”“在....之后”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 I feel very happy when you come to see me. When you are crossing the street,you must be careful. (2)when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词。 He was working at the table when i went in. I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 2.While while引导时间状语从句时作“当……的时候；与.....同时”讲，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 3.as as引导时间状语从句时表达“正当，一边....一边...，随着”等意思。 (1)表示某事情一发生，另一事立即发生 As the sun rose the fog disappeared. (2)表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生 As he was speaking there was a loud explosion. (3)表示两个动作同时进行 He smiled as he passed. 4.before before引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，之后用after. 5.until/till (1)until/till引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。till和until都表示“直到”，常可换用，但till不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。 (2)主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的主句的谓语所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not...until...有时不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表示否定的词。 6.since Since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自...以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I have worked for a this company since I graduated from .... 7.as soon as as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，“一....就....”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。 As soon as he arrives,I’ll tell him. 8.by the time 这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。若主句谓语是be的系表形式或像know等表示“认知”的持续性动词，则往往用一般过去时。 By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended. By the time he went abroad,he was fourteen. 二．地点状语从句 在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。 1.引导地点状语从句的常用词有where,wherever Put it where we can see it. Wherever there is injustice,we’ll try to help. 2.地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化 在where 前加上to/in/from the place(s)或to/in/from any place(s)等构成to/in/from the place(s)where或to/in/from any place(s) where,便可变为定语从句。 Just stay where you are and don’t move. Just stay in the place where you are and don’t move.(定语从句) 原因状语从句 在句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。原因状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导词有because,as ,since,now that等。 because 表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是说话者所不知道的或最感兴趣的，because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。 Since 表示人们已经知道的事实，不需强调的原因，故常译为“既然...”，通常放在句首。Since引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。 Since you are free tonight,why not drop in and play chess with me as As与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话者看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需用because加以强调。as引导的从句与主句同等重要。 I left a message as you weren’t there. 重点难点： because语气最强，用来回答why引起的提问，可表示已知的或未知的事实。它可与强调词only,merely,just及否定词not连用，所引导的从句常位于主句之后，只有强调时才置于主句之前。它还可用于强调结构。 as语气最弱，较口语化。多表达的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，故不需要强调。As之前不可用强调词和not，且不可用于强调结构。as从句多置于主句之前。 As it was getting late,I turned around to start for home.由于天色渐晚，我就调头回家了。 (3)since的语气也较弱。常表示地方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”，它和as一样，其前不可用强调词和not，亦不可用于强调结构。 知识拓展：for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，即连接并列句。它有时可用来作附加说明，为前面的事实提供一种推论的理由。一般把for引起的从句放与主句之后。 We should be more careful,for it is already dark. now (that) now (that)主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主、从句因果关系不明显，译为“既然”。 Now (that) you have come, you may as well stay. 目的状语从句 目的状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。常用引导词有so that,in order that,for fear that,in case(that),for the purpose that等。 in order that与so that 多数情况下两者可以替换，句首不用so that，只用in order that；逗号之后不用so that,只用in order that. 知识拓展：在目的状语从句中常常含有may/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could等。 目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的呼唤 当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to,in order to He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=.....night in order to succeed. 结果状语从句 So...that.... So...that..引导结果状语从句可以构成如下结构： adj/adv many/few(+可数名词复数 So much/little(+不可数名词) +that+从句 adj+a/an+可数名词单数 Such...that.. a/an+adj+可数名词单数 Such+ adj+可数名词复数 +that+从句 adj+不可数名词 知识拓展：so/such....that...引导结果状语从句时可把so/such置于句首，主句用倒装语序。 Such was his worry that he couldn’t go on with his work. so that 条件状语从句 条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。 If 见八年级上unit 10 语法专项 If 引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。 I’ll show you how to do it if I have finished the book. Unless=if..not 七．让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况，但从句所表达的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，即在相反的条件下，主句的情况依然存在。引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although，even though/if,whoever/no matter who,however/no matter how,whatever/no matter what和as though/although although和though意义一样，都作“虽然，即使”解，都表示让步，一般情况下可互换使用，只是although语气较重，大多置于句首。 Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. The article is very important though it is short. Though可以与yet连用，这里的yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet在这里不是连词，而是副词。Though不与but连用。 Though it was cold,yet he went out without a coat. even though,even if 表示语气更强的让步，常常译为“再退一步说；尽管”。Even though更加强调对“既成事实”的让步，even if更强调对“假设”的让步。 She is going to have problems in finding a job even if she gets her level A. Even though he’s 24 now,he’s still like a little child. We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. as as表示让步时常用倒装。倒装时若有带冠词的名词，冠词需要省去。as的这种用法与though倒装时的用法完全一致。 Pop star as/though she is,she still needs to improve. whether..or not与whether...or... Anyway,its a good story whether or not it’s true. I shall go whether you come with me or stay at home. wh-ever类引导词 在英语中可作疑问词，可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-词”，在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用的引导词为as....as(和...一样 ),not as/so...as(....不如....),than,the more...the more...，而且这类从句通常以省略形式出现。 方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。常用连接词为as,as if,as though. as Leave the children as they are. 让孩子们随便待着，不要管他们。 as if,as though 两者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气，常与look/seem/taste/smell/sound等词连用。 从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。 从句种类引导从句的从属连词时间状语从句when/while/as,before,after,until/till,since,as soon as原因状语从句because,as,since目的状语从句in order that,so that结果状语从句so...that,such...that,so that条件状语从句if,unless,as long as让步状语从句though/although,whenver类疑问词，even if/though比较状语从句than,as...as,not as/so...as地点状语从句where,wherever
（真金不怕火炼） 选择正确的答案 （ ）1.WeChat(微信）is very popular. the young the old are getting interested in it. A.Neither;nor B.Either;or C.Not only;but also D.Between;and （ ）2.Be quiet,my kids, you will have to stay outside,because this is a library. A.and B.because C.or D.but （ ）3. Ms.Zhou Mr.Li is humorous. They are popular among us students. A.Both;and B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Not only;but also （ ）4．You don’t need to take any cash（现金）when shopping. You may pay by ________ Alipay （支付宝）________ WeChat（微信）. A．either, or B．neither; nor C．not; but （ ）5．Which club do you prefer to join，the chess club________the dancing club？ A．so B．but C．or D．for （ ）6．Many students hated to have classes on DingTalk, ________ they gave it one-star reviews（评价）. A．so B．or C．but D．while （ ）7．Life is like a one-way race, ________ treasure every moment as time cannot be won again. A．so B．and C．or D．but （ ）8．I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it. A．and B．but C．so D．or （ ）9．________ he is 72 years old, ________ he keeps running every day. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; / （ ）10．— In the shopping centers of most foreign countries, we can see many products made in China. — What we need is ________ “Made in China” ________ “Created in China”. There is still a long way to go. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．between; and （ ）11．—What’s the secret of success, Nancy —More effort, ________ you’ll make it some day. A．and B．but C．or （ ）12．This training program can give you a rise at work, ________ increase your pay by 40%, so you’d better put all your effort into it. A．as well as B．as good as C．as soon as D．as possible as （ ）13．— You haven’t done anything to drive me mad. — So what’s wrong, ________ A．because B．then C．although D．unless （ ）14.The movie is wonderful I want to see it again. A.too;to B.so;that C.as;as D.so;as （ ）15.I was very excited I heard the news that the high-speed rail would be built from Guangzhou to Xiamen. A.after B.when C.until D.while （ ）16.I'll go to visit my aunt in England the summer holidays start. A.while B.since C.until D.as soon as （ ）17．—I'm looking forward to the film A Road To Spring. ________ will it be first shown —________ the 28th August, 2020. A．When; Until B．When; Not until C．How long; Until D．How long; Not until （ ）18．—Excuse me, could you wake me up if my friend ________ here —Of course. But we still don’t know when your friend ________ . A．comes; will come B．comes; comes C．will come; comes D．will come; will come （ ）19．I won’t believe that the little boy can read five thousand words ________ I test him myself. A．after B．when C．if D．until （ ）20．You have to pass a test ________ you can get a license. A．before B．after C．while D．until （ ）21．—When will you go to see your grandpa —I’ll see him ________ I get off the plane. You know I miss him very much. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．as easily as （ ）22．________ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A．As soon as B．Unless C．If D．Although （ ）23．My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. You ________ the changes if you come. A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen （ ）24．________ you want to watch television, I will turn it off now. A．Since B．As C．Until D．Unless （ ）25．________ the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm. A．Although B．If C．Since D．Because （ ）26．Tom and Jerry really love each other ________ they fight a lot. A．if B．though C．until D．because （总结一下你的收获吧~） 课后作业 填写正确的连词 1．Bicycle-sharing makes people’s life easier than before ________ it causes trouble when people place bikes everywhere. 2．My bike was broken yesterday, ________ I had to walk to school. 3．It may be more difficult to chat with people who don’t have the same interests as you do. ________ you should find something in common for you both. 4．You should study hard, ________ you will fall behind. 5．None of the shoes in the shop fit me well. They are ________ too big ________ too small. 6．The party is over. Now you can go home ________ you can stay here for a while. 7．The patient had to have the operation, ________ she would die. 8．My cousin likes doing sports in his free time, ________ I prefer listening to music. 9．This year, people in China have met lots of difficulties, ________ they never give up hope. 10．Students should learn both knowledge from textbooks __________ some basic skills from life. 11．The fridge is environmentally friendly ________ it uses less electricity. 12．________ we’ve made the promise, let’s keep to it and not give up easily. 13．Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world. 14．The doctors were ________ busy ________ they had no time to rest. 15．Huawei has put so much into research ________ it has become a great company in the world. 16．In Chinese culture, the young won’t start dinner ________ the elders take their seats. 17．Nothing is impossible ________ you put your heart into in! 18. —I wonder if you ________ us for the English party tomorrow. —If I ________ free, I will go with you. 19．—Tina wants to know if you ________ to the park with us tomorrow. —I’d love to. But if it ________, I may go to the library instead. 20．—I am worrying about our final exam these days. —There is nothing to worry about ________ you work hard. 假如你是李平（E-mail: liping2002@），亚运会将在你所居住的杭州举办，现组委会向全市中学生发出一封邀请函招募志愿者，请阅读后进行自荐回复。 From: Asia Games Organizing Committee (亚运会组委会)Dear students, We are now in great need of volunteers for the coming Asian Games, please send us your personal information including your name, gender (性别), age, hobbies, E-mail address and so on. Also, in order to provide the best service for the athletes in the games, what kind of language can you speak What can you do for them in Hangzhou We welcome your application and look forward to you becoming part of our members! Best Wishes! Asia Games Organizing Committee
要求： 1. 回复邮件必须包含邀请函中的要点问题，并可适当增加，使行文通顺、连贯； 2. 回复邮件不得使用真实的人名、校名； 3. 词数 80 左右，开头和结尾已给出（不计词数）。 To: Asia Games Organizing Committee Subject: Application for a volunteer Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Ping. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Asian Games in Hangzhou. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope you can choose me! Yours, Li Ping
学员编号： 年 级：九年级 课 时 数： 2 学员姓名: 辅导科目：英语 学科教师：
授课类型 中考知识和题型讲解 专题 能力
（大脑放电影~） It is common that earthworms come to the soil surface after a heavy spring rain, but why do they do this Researchers suppose several reasons. For years scientists seemed to think the only reason why earthworms came to the soil surface after a good rain was to prevent drowning（溺死） in their water-filled holes in the ground. “This is not true as earthworms breathe through their skins and actually require wet in the soil to do so.” said Dr. Chris Lowe, Lecturer in Waste and Environmental Management. Earthworms are unable to drown like a human would, and they can even survive several days fully go under the surface of water. Soil experts now think earthworms surface during rain storms for migration（迁徙） purposes. “It gives them a chance to move greater distances across the soil surface than they could do through soil.” said Dr. Lowe. “They can’t do this when it is dry because of their wet requirements, but during unwatered conditions, life is certainly more difficult for a worm. “Earthworms dig deeper into the soil where it is wetter when conditions are dry,’’ said Professor Mary Ann Bruns. Another explanation is rain drop vibrations（震动）on the soil surface sounds similar to vibration of animals who eat or kill earthworms, like those of moles（鼹鼠）. Earthworms often come to the surface to escape moles. “Rain can cause vibrations on top of the soil like mole vibrations.” said Professor Josef Gorres. “Similar to how earthworms move upwards and out of the way when mole vibrations are felt, they could move in a similar way for rain vibrations.” Similarly, humans create vibrations to bilk worms out of their holes in the ground. Earthworms use touch to communicate and interact. Exactly why earthworms have come to form groups is still being studied, but it is possible that worms gather to protect themselves. （ ）1．Which might be the best title for the passage A．Why Do Earthworms Communicate And Interact B．How Do Earthworms Get Rid Of Being Attacked C．Why Do Earthworms Surface After Rain D．How Do Earthworms Surface After Rain （ ）2．Which of the following is TRUE A．Earthworms protect themselves by creating vibrations. B．It’s impossible for earthworms to go farther after heavy rain. C．Earthworms have to surface after rain to avoid being drowned. D．It’s not suitable for earthworms to breathe in dry soil. （ ）3．It can be inferred from the passage that ________. A．moles like to eat or kill earthworms B．heavy rains can make earthworms live deeper C．too wet environments can make earthworms die D．mole vibrations are like earthworm vibrations. （ ）4．The underlined word “bilk” means ________. A．beat B．cheat C．prevent D．pull 下面文章中有五处(第31—35题)需要添加一个问题。请从以下选项(A、B、C、D、E和F)中选出符合各段的提问。选项中有一项是多余选项。 “Telephone Doctor” Nancy Friedman has noticed several types of “cell phones personalities”. Which of these types have you seen around ___1___ Talking three times louder than necessary is characteristic of this impolite cell phone user. He seems to think everyone has a hearing problem. Doesn’t he know the phone already has a build-in microphone to increase his voice ___2___ This person makes and takes calls anytime, anywhere. She’ll chat in restaurants, at movie theaters, and even at funerals(葬礼). When her cell phone rings, she looks at you and says insincerely, “Oh, sorry about you.” ___3___ Drive or use the phone. Don’t do both at the same time. This can be dangerous. It’s really scary to see a truck in the back view mirror with a driver who is talking on a phone behind the wheel. ___4___ These are the people who aren’t willing to change their ring tone. Sometimes, one phone rings and ten people check to see if it’s theirs. Hang on, I think that’s my phone! ___5___ This person makes small and unimportant phone calls, one after another, after another. It makes others a little bit angry. On airplanes, you’ll overhear her saying things like, “Hi, we haven’t left yet.” or “Hi, we just landed. OK, see you in a minute.” A．The Shouter B．The Careless Driver C．The I-Talk-Anywhere D．The Same Phone Ring E．The Angry Phone Maker F．The Useless Phone Calls 阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。 Sophie, 13, won the 2019 New Zealand’s “Think kind” competition for students. “I held a beach clean-up, because it really ___1___ me that marine (海洋的) life is hurt by thoughtless decisions of humans.” Sophie saw ___2___ on the sea floor while snorkeling (徒手潜泳). “It was the first time I’d seen marine life ___3___ among plastics.” It was the trigger (起因) of her act. “We weren’t taking enough ___4___. Everyone needs to do their ___5___, otherwise we’re going to ___6___ our planet.” Sophie turned to media to get her ___7___ out and ask for volunteers at the clean-up. To her surprise, more than 200 people turned up. 200 kilograms of rubbish were ___8___ that day. “It was horrible. We knew rubbish was there but we didn’t realize how ___9___ the rubbish was until we started collecting.” Once ecological awareness (生态意识) ____10____ Sophie, she decided to do something different. On her 14th birthday, she decided to celebrate differently. ____11____ holding a party creating waste, she decided to reduce it. On her “party”, Sophie and her friends ____12____ to pick up the rubbish that stored up along the river bank near the town. “If there is one thing everyone could do, it is to ‘____13____ after yourself’,” says Sophie. “It’s hard for some families to afford plastic alternatives (替代品), but just not buying things wrapped in plastic will help.” She suggests using ____14____ materials like metal straws. “When there are more alternatives on the market, it will be ____15____ for individuals to make a change.” （ ）1．A．interests B．impresses C．encourages D．bothers （ ）2．A．rocks B．creatures C．garbage D．plants （ ）3．A．increasing B．living C．dying D．eating （ ）4．A．advice B．time C．patience D．action （ ）5．A．lessons B．part C．work D．role （ ）6．A．put down B．deal with C．let down D．cut out （ ）7．A．message B．information C．news D．methods （ ）8．A．recycled B．buried C．sold D．collected （ ）9．A．smelly B．tough C．much D．far （ ）10．A．thought B．reached C．hit D．found （ ）11．A．In fear of B．In hope of C．Instead of D．Because of （ ）12．A．managed B．expected C．continued D．failed （ ）13．A．pick up B．set up C．turn up D．back up （ ）14．A．valuable B．recyclable C．inexpensive D．creative （ ）15．A．better B．easier C．happier D．longer （你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 写人叙事类 首段： 范例1: 朋友A friend in need is a friend indeed。 I have a friend just like that who often offers me much warmth in my life let me introduce him to you 范例2：父母If you ask me who is the most important one to me。 Without doubt the answer is my……….. Let me introduce him or her to you. 范例3: 老师 In both my life and study my… teacher is special to me because he is not only my teacher but also my friend who has made a great difference to my character. / spread kindness and love to people around him。 主题段: 1. 外貌: ……..Is very beautiful but little fat with long hair and big eyes. 2. 性格: ….. Is an outgoing woman who always get along with people around her./ ……. is very kind to other than easy to get on with . …….is so ready to help others that we all like to make friends with him. 3. 爱好：She is especially good at cooking and often cooks different delicious food for us。 4. 具体事例: 朋友: Linda is like an angel. Whenever I meet trouble, she will always be there. When I fail my test, she always encourage me to face the fact bravely and then tries to help me to check the reason why I fail. At the same time, she shares her good ways of studying with me. 妈妈：Last term I failed my exam。 I was so sad that I cried in my room. When my mother came from work later, she talked with me patiently and cheered me up. That evening, when I woke up at night, my mother was still working. I was deeply moved. Then I made up my mind to study harder than before。 老师: My Chinese teacher, Miss Li not only teaches us how to learn, but also teach us how to be a person. I remember I made a serious mistake in Grade Seven that was to copy others` homework. Miss LI knew that. Instead of being angry with me, she told me the importance of study hard to become a talented person in the future。 尾段： 朋友:As a sunshine teenager, Xiao hui is a good example for us to learn from . / I will treasure the friendship forever. 父母:Now I understand my father`s /mother`s love to me. I will never forget what my father/ mother did for me and try my best to make him/her pleased. 老师:He is an excellent teacher I will never forget and love him forever （总结一下你的收获吧~ ） 多积累平时练习中的单拼题和阅读理解中反复出现的中考高频词汇 掌握记忆单词拼写和中文意思的记忆方法 从已知词汇出发，推测整句话的意思进而决定填哪个单词 在填词时要注意单词的形式是否需要变化 （大脑放电影~） Good morning, boys and g . Let’s begin our class. I’m a of snakes because I think they are dangerous. I’m going to Tom’s birthday p next Monday. A rose(玫瑰) is a f that has a good smell. Mother w me up at 6 o’clock yesterday morning and told me it was time to get up. Fifty and fifty is one h The telephone was i by Alexander Graham Bell in 1876, that is, he was the first person to make the telephone. All the students are studying at school e Tom, who is ill at home. —W bag is this —It’s mine. Dr. Naismith d the men in his class into two teams and taught them to play basketball. （你都掌握了没有呢~~~） 并列连词 1.表示并列、递进关系的并列连词 常用来表示并列、递进关系的并列连词有and,“both...and...”“neither...nor...”“not only...but also...”，as well as等。 We should practice English both at home and at school.我们在家里和在学校里都要练习英语。 Not only you but (also) Jim is to blame for this.这件事不但怪你也怪吉姆。 2.表示转折关系的并列连词 表示转折关系的并列连词有but,yet,still,while等。 We wear school uniforms, but we do not wear ties.我们穿校服，但我们不系领带。 Lucy would like to wear the same clothes,while Lily would like to wear the different ones.露西喜欢穿同样的衣服，而莉莉喜欢穿不同的衣服。 3.表示选择关系的并列连词 表示选择关系的并列连词有“either...or...”“not...but...”，or等。 －Where are you going to stay when you get to Shanghai 你去上海时打算住在哪里？ －I may live either in a hotel or in a friend's house.我可能住宾馆或者住在朋友家里。 4.表示因果关系的并列连词 表示因果关系的并列连词有so等。 I want to be a teacher when I'm older, so it would be a great experience for me.我长大后想成为一名教师，所以这对我来说是一次非常有意义的经历。 状语从句 一 时间状语从句 在句中作状语的从句叫做状语从句。状语从句都是由从属连词引导的。它与主句连接，位于句首时，常用逗号分开；位于句末时，其前一般不用逗号。状语从句可根据其用途可分为时间状语从句、地点状语从句、原因状语从句、目的状语从句、结果状语从句、条件状语从句、让步状语、比较状语从句、方式状语从句九种。 1.where的用法 (1)when意为“在……时”“在....之后”，引导时间状语从句，表示主句的动作和从句的动作同时或先后发生。 I feel very happy when you come to see me. When you are crossing the street,you must be careful. (2)when引导的时间状语从句中的动词可以是延续性动词，也可以是终止性动词。 He was working at the table when i went in. I worked for a foreign company when I was in Shanghai. 2.While while引导时间状语从句时作“当……的时候；与.....同时”讲，从句中的动词一般要用延续性动词或表示状态的动词。 3.as as引导时间状语从句时表达“正当，一边....一边...，随着”等意思。 (1)表示某事情一发生，另一事立即发生 As the sun rose the fog disappeared. (2)表示某事发生的过程中另一事发生 As he was speaking there was a loud explosion. (3)表示两个动作同时进行 He smiled as he passed. 4.before before引导的时间状语从句通常表示主句的动作发生在从句的动作之前，之后用after. 5.until/till (1)until/till引导时间状语从句，主句的谓语动词是延续性动词时，主句用肯定形式表示这一动作或状态一直延续到until/till所表示的时间为止。till和until都表示“直到”，常可换用，但till不用于句首，也不可用于强调句。 (2)主句谓语动词是非延续性动词时，用否定形式表示主句的主句的谓语所表示的动作直到until所表示的时间才发生。构成句式not...until...有时不用not,而用其他如never,nothing等表示否定的词。 6.since Since引导的时间状语从句，表示“自...以来”，主句用一般现在时或现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 I have worked for a this company since I graduated from .... 7.as soon as as soon as引导的从句表示从句的动作一发生，主句的动作随即发生，“一....就....”。该从句经常用一般现在时表示将来。 As soon as he arrives,I’ll tell him. 8.by the time 这个词组常用来指到某一时间点为止，主句常用完成时态。若主句谓语是be的系表形式或像know等表示“认知”的持续性动词，则往往用一般过去时。 By the time you arrived,the lecture had already ended. By the time he went abroad,he was fourteen. 二．地点状语从句 在句中作地点状语的从句称为地点状语从句，可置于句首、句中或句尾。 1.引导地点状语从句的常用词有where,wherever Put it where we can see it. Wherever there is injustice,we’ll try to help. 2.地点状语从句与定语从句间的转化 在where 前加上to/in/from the place(s)或to/in/from any place(s)等构成to/in/from the place(s)where或to/in/from any place(s) where,便可变为定语从句。 Just stay where you are and don’t move. Just stay in the place where you are and don’t move.(定语从句) 原因状语从句 在句中作原因状语的从句称为原因状语从句。原因状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾。引导词有because,as ,since,now that等。 because 表因果关系的语气最强，用来回答why的问句，所引出的原因往往是说话者所不知道的或最感兴趣的，because引导的原因状语从句往往比主句显得更重要。 Since 表示人们已经知道的事实，不需强调的原因，故常译为“既然...”，通常放在句首。Since引导的从句是次要的，重点强调主句的内容。 Since you are free tonight,why not drop in and play chess with me as As与since用法差不多，所引出的理由在说话者看来已经很明显，或已为听话人所熟悉而不需用because加以强调。as引导的从句与主句同等重要。 I left a message as you weren’t there. 重点难点： because语气最强，用来回答why引起的提问，可表示已知的或未知的事实。它可与强调词only,merely,just及否定词not连用，所引导的从句常位于主句之后，只有强调时才置于主句之前。它还可用于强调结构。 as语气最弱，较口语化。多表达的原因比较明显或是已知的事实，故不需要强调。As之前不可用强调词和not，且不可用于强调结构。as从句多置于主句之前。 As it was getting late,I turned around to start for home.由于天色渐晚，我就调头回家了。 (3)since的语气也较弱。常表示地方已知的事实，相当于汉语的“既然”，它和as一样，其前不可用强调词和not，亦不可用于强调结构。 知识拓展：for和上述三个从属连词不同，它是一个并列连词，即连接并列句。它有时可用来作附加说明，为前面的事实提供一种推论的理由。一般把for引起的从句放与主句之后。 We should be more careful,for it is already dark. now (that) now (that)主要用于口语，表示微弱的原因，主、从句因果关系不明显，译为“既然”。 Now (that) you have come, you may as well stay. 目的状语从句 目的状语从句可置于句首、句中或句尾。常用引导词有so that,in order that,for fear that,in case(that),for the purpose that等。 in order that与so that 多数情况下两者可以替换，句首不用so that，只用in order that；逗号之后不用so that,只用in order that. 知识拓展：在目的状语从句中常常含有may/might/will/would/shall/should/can/could等。 目的状语从句与不定式、介词短语的呼唤 当从句主语与主句主语一致时，可用so as to,in order to He worked day and night in order that he could succeed.=.....night in order to succeed. 结果状语从句 So...that.... So...that..引导结果状语从句可以构成如下结构： adj/adv many/few(+可数名词复数 So much/little(+不可数名词) +that+从句 adj+a/an+可数名词单数 Such...that.. a/an+adj+可数名词单数 Such+ adj+可数名词复数 +that+从句 adj+不可数名词 知识拓展：so/such....that...引导结果状语从句时可把so/such置于句首，主句用倒装语序。 Such was his worry that he couldn’t go on with his work. so that 条件状语从句 条件状语从句可置于句首，也可置于句尾，有时还可置于主语和谓语之间。 If 见八年级上unit 10 语法专项 If 引导的条件状语从句所表达的前提或条件将来可以实现或正在进行，动词要用现在完成时或进行时，主句通常用将来时。 I’ll show you how to do it if I have finished the book. Unless=if..not 七．让步状语从句 让步状语从句表示某种与主句相反的条件或情况，但从句所表达的这些不利因素并不能阻止主句动作的发生，即在相反的条件下，主句的情况依然存在。引导让步状语从句的连词有though/although，even though/if,whoever/no matter who,however/no matter how,whatever/no matter what和as though/although although和though意义一样，都作“虽然，即使”解，都表示让步，一般情况下可互换使用，只是although语气较重，大多置于句首。 Although he was Japanese,he spent most of his life in China. The article is very important though it is short. Though可以与yet连用，这里的yet虽然意思与but相同，但yet在这里不是连词，而是副词。Though不与but连用。 Though it was cold,yet he went out without a coat. even though,even if 表示语气更强的让步，常常译为“再退一步说；尽管”。Even though更加强调对“既成事实”的让步，even if更强调对“假设”的让步。 She is going to have problems in finding a job even if she gets her level A. Even though he’s 24 now,he’s still like a little child. We’ll make a trip even if/though the weather is bad. as as表示让步时常用倒装。倒装时若有带冠词的名词，冠词需要省去。as的这种用法与though倒装时的用法完全一致。 Pop star as/though she is,she still needs to improve. whether..or not与whether...or... Anyway,its a good story whether or not it’s true. I shall go whether you come with me or stay at home. wh-ever类引导词 在英语中可作疑问词，可引导名词性从句，还可引导让步状语从句。引导让步状语从句时常可换成“no matter+相应的wh-词”，在引导名词性从句时只能用wh-ever. 比较状语从句 比较状语从句常用的引导词为as....as(和...一样 ),not as/so...as(....不如....),than,the more...the more...，而且这类从句通常以省略形式出现。 方式状语从句 方式状语从句一般位于句尾，有时位于句中。常用连接词为as,as if,as though. as Leave the children as they are. 让孩子们随便待着，不要管他们。 as if,as though 两者引导的方式状语从句所表示的情况是事实或具有很大可能性时，通常用陈述语气，常与look/seem/taste/smell/sound等词连用。 从句所表示的情况不是事实，而是主观的想象或夸大性的比喻，通常用虚拟语气。 从句种类引导从句的从属连词时间状语从句when/while/as,before,after,until/till,since,as soon as原因状语从句because,as,since目的状语从句in order that,so that结果状语从句so...that,such...that,so that条件状语从句if,unless,as long as让步状语从句though/although,whenver类疑问词，even if/though比较状语从句than,as...as,not as/so...as地点状语从句where,wherever
（真金不怕火炼） 选择正确的答案 （ ）1.WeChat(微信）is very popular. the young the old are getting interested in it. A.Neither;nor B.Either;or C.Not only;but also D.Between;and （ ）2.Be quiet,my kids, you will have to stay outside,because this is a library. A.and B.because C.or D.but （ ）3. Ms.Zhou Mr.Li is humorous. They are popular among us students. A.Both;and B.Neither;nor C.Either;or D.Not only;but also （ ）4．You don’t need to take any cash（现金）when shopping. You may pay by ________ Alipay （支付宝）________ WeChat（微信）. A．either, or B．neither; nor C．not; but （ ）5．Which club do you prefer to join，the chess club________the dancing club？ A．so B．but C．or D．for （ ）6．Many students hated to have classes on DingTalk, ________ they gave it one-star reviews（评价）. A．so B．or C．but D．while （ ）7．Life is like a one-way race, ________ treasure every moment as time cannot be won again. A．so B．and C．or D．but （ ）8．I was full, ________ the ice cream looked so good that I couldn’t help trying it. A．and B．but C．so D．or （ ）9．________ he is 72 years old, ________ he keeps running every day. A．Although; but B．Although; / C．But; / （ ）10．— In the shopping centers of most foreign countries, we can see many products made in China. — What we need is ________ “Made in China” ________ “Created in China”. There is still a long way to go. A．either; or B．neither; nor C．not only; but also D．between; and （ ）11．—What’s the secret of success, Nancy —More effort, ________ you’ll make it some day. A．and B．but C．or （ ）12．This training program can give you a rise at work, ________ increase your pay by 40%, so you’d better put all your effort into it. A．as well as B．as good as C．as soon as D．as possible as （ ）13．— You haven’t done anything to drive me mad. — So what’s wrong, ________ A．because B．then C．although D．unless （ ）14.The movie is wonderful I want to see it again. A.too;to B.so;that C.as;as D.so;as （ ）15.I was very excited I heard the news that the high-speed rail would be built from Guangzhou to Xiamen. A.after B.when C.until D.while （ ）16.I'll go to visit my aunt in England the summer holidays start. A.while B.since C.until D.as soon as （ ）17．—I'm looking forward to the film A Road To Spring. ________ will it be first shown —________ the 28th August, 2020. A．When; Until B．When; Not until C．How long; Until D．How long; Not until （ ）18．—Excuse me, could you wake me up if my friend ________ here —Of course. But we still don’t know when your friend ________ . A．comes; will come B．comes; comes C．will come; comes D．will come; will come （ ）19．I won’t believe that the little boy can read five thousand words ________ I test him myself. A．after B．when C．if D．until （ ）20．You have to pass a test ________ you can get a license. A．before B．after C．while D．until （ ）21．—When will you go to see your grandpa —I’ll see him ________ I get off the plane. You know I miss him very much. A．as soon as B．as long as C．as far as D．as easily as （ ）22．________ he heard the little girl crying for help outside, he rushed out of the room. A．As soon as B．Unless C．If D．Although （ ）23．My hometown has changed a lot in the past few years. You ________ the changes if you come. A．see B．saw C．will see D．have seen （ ）24．________ you want to watch television, I will turn it off now. A．Since B．As C．Until D．Unless （ ）25．________ the sun was shining, it wasn’t very warm. A．Although B．If C．Since D．Because （ ）26．Tom and Jerry really love each other ________ they fight a lot. A．if B．though C．until D．because （总结一下你的收获吧~） 课后作业 填写正确的连词 1．Bicycle-sharing makes people’s life easier than before ________ it causes trouble when people place bikes everywhere. 2．My bike was broken yesterday, ________ I had to walk to school. 3．It may be more difficult to chat with people who don’t have the same interests as you do. ________ you should find something in common for you both. 4．You should study hard, ________ you will fall behind. 5．None of the shoes in the shop fit me well. They are ________ too big ________ too small. 6．The party is over. Now you can go home ________ you can stay here for a while. 7．The patient had to have the operation, ________ she would die. 8．My cousin likes doing sports in his free time, ________ I prefer listening to music. 9．This year, people in China have met lots of difficulties, ________ they never give up hope. 10．Students should learn both knowledge from textbooks __________ some basic skills from life. 11．The fridge is environmentally friendly ________ it uses less electricity. 12．________ we’ve made the promise, let’s keep to it and not give up easily. 13．Our headmaster asks us to watch news every day ________ we can find out what’s going on around the world. 14．The doctors were ________ busy ________ they had no time to rest. 15．Huawei has put so much into research ________ it has become a great company in the world. 16．In Chinese culture, the young won’t start dinner ________ the elders take their seats. 17．Nothing is impossible ________ you put your heart into in! 18. —I wonder if you ________ us for the English party tomorrow. —If I ________ free, I will go with you. 19．—Tina wants to know if you ________ to the park with us tomorrow. —I’d love to. But if it ________, I may go to the library instead. 20．—I am worrying about our final exam these days. —There is nothing to worry about ________ you work hard. 假如你是李平（E-mail: liping2002@），亚运会将在你所居住的杭州举办，现组委会向全市中学生发出一封邀请函招募志愿者，请阅读后进行自荐回复。 From: Asia Games Organizing Committee (亚运会组委会)Dear students, We are now in great need of volunteers for the coming Asian Games, please send us your personal information including your name, gender (性别), age, hobbies, E-mail address and so on. Also, in order to provide the best service for the athletes in the games, what kind of language can you speak What can you do for them in Hangzhou We welcome your application and look forward to you becoming part of our members! Best Wishes! Asia Games Organizing Committee
要求： 1. 回复邮件必须包含邀请函中的要点问题，并可适当增加，使行文通顺、连贯； 2. 回复邮件不得使用真实的人名、校名； 3. 词数 80 左右，开头和结尾已给出（不计词数）。 To: Asia Games Organizing Committee Subject: Application for a volunteer Dear Sir/Madam, My name is Li Ping. I would like to work as a volunteer for the Asian Games in Hangzhou. _______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________ Hope you can choose me! Yours, Li Ping