江苏省无锡市立人高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题
一、第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2024高一下·无锡期中） What was the weather like in the afternoon
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Rainy.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Look at the sky, Jane. How clear it is now!
W: Yes. Luckily, the wind in the afternoon blew away those dark clouds, but the weather report says it's going to rain in 12 hours.
【分析】问题：下午天气怎么样？根据"Yes. Luckily, the wind in the afternoon blew away those
dark clouds, but the weather report says it's going to rain in 12 hours." 是的。幸运的是，下午的风吹散了那些乌云，但天气预报说12小时后要下雨。 可推知，下午多风，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意排除干扰信息，在听力短对话中，往往存在一些与题目无关或误导性的信息。在解题时，要学会排除这些干扰信息，专注于与题目相关的内容，从而避免被误导。
2．（2024高一下·无锡期中） How does the man sound
A．Worried. B．Afraid. C．Confident.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Aren't you afraid of getting sick It's cold out there.
M: No way. This material is stronger than it looks and it's quite warm.
W: OK, but I worry about you. Make sure to tell me if you're getting cold.
【分析】问题：听起来男发言人怎么样？根据"No way. This material is stronger than it looks and
it's quite warm." 没那么糟糕。这种材料看起来比实际更结实，而且相当暖和。 可推知，听起来男发言人比较自信，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。
3．（2024高一下·无锡期中） What is the conversation mainly about
A．Going on holiday.
B．Getting a new passport.
C．Taking photographs.
【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: I'm so looking forward to going on holiday and taking photos, but I need to get a new passport first.
M: It's very easy. There is an online form that you can fill out and then upload your own photograph.
【分析】问题：对话主要是关于什么的？根据"I'm so looking forward to going on holiday and
taking photos, but I need to get a new passport first." 我非常期待去度假和拍照，但我首先需要办理一本新护照。 ；以及" It's very easy. There is an online form that you can fill out and then
upload your own photograph." 这很容易。有一个在线表格你可以填写，然后上传你自己的照片。 可推知，对话主要是获取护照的，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑，听力短对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。
4．（2024高一下·无锡期中） Why did the man go to see a doctor
A．He doesn't like his old glasses.
B．He gets glasses for the woman.
C．He can only see things up close.
【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: How was your appointment, dear
M: Well, unfortunately, the doctor thinks I need to start wearing glasses.
W: That's no surprise. You hold the newspaper right up to your face when you read it. I've been saying that you need glasses for years!
【分析】问题：男发言人为什么要去看医生？根据"You hold the newspaper right up to your
face when you read it. " 你看报纸时会把报纸紧贴在脸上。 可推知，男发言人去看医生的原因是他近视了，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
5．（2024高一下·无锡期中） What are the speakers going to do next
A．Play with snow. B．Stay at home. C．Play badminton.
【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: George, it's boring to stay at home. Why don't we play badminton outside
M: I'd like to, but it's too cold today. Look, it's snowing ! It's all white. Do you like snow I think we can make a snowman now.
W: Let's go !
【分析】问题：接下来两位发言人要去做什么？根据"Do you like snow I think we can make a
snowman now." 你喜欢雪吗？我想我们现在可以堆雪人了。；以及" Let's go !" 我们走。可推知，接下来两位发言人要去玩雪，故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意留意转折信息，转折信息往往对话中的重要内容，因为它们可能改变句子的意思或引入新的信息。因此，在听录音时，要注意听清转折词，如"but"、"however"等，以便准确理解对话的含义。
二、第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
6．Why does the woman want to replace the sofa
A．It is really old.
B．It is uncomfortable.
C．It doesn't match the table.
7． What do the speakers agree to do
A．Change the table.
B．Buy a reading lamp.
C．Move a lamp onto the table.
【答案】6．A
7．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: The department store has reduced all its prices by forty percent during the sale. Don't you think it's time to replace our sofa We've had it for a long time!
M: Do you think so I think it's comfortable enough. What we really need is a proper lamp to go on the table next to the sofa. It's impossible to sit and read there at the moment.
W: Let's move one of the lamps down from the bedroom then. The blue one would look good on that table.
M: You're right.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕换家具一事展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。
6．问题： 女发言人为什么想要换沙发？根据"Don't you think it's time to replace our sofa We've
had it for a long time!" 你不觉得是时候换个沙发了吗？我们用它已经很久了！ 可推知， 女发言人想要换沙发的原因是沙发太旧了，故选A。
7．问题：两位发言人一致同意什么？根据"Let's move one of the lamps down from the bedroom
then. The blue one would look good on that table. " 那我们就把卧室里的一盏台灯移下来吧。蓝色的那盏台灯放在那张桌子上会很好看。 ；以及"You're right." 你说得对。 可推知，两位发言人一致同意把台灯放在桌子上，故选C。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
8．What did the man use last weekend
A．A shared bike. B．A shared umbrella. C．A shared charger.
9．What is the woman going to talk about next
A．The advantages of the sharing economy.
B．Her attitude towards the sharing economy.
C．The proper ways to use the sharing product.
【答案】8．B
9．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: The sharing economy is really convenient for me.
M: Oh, really
W: Yes, I guess I can't live without it. I ride a shared bike to work every day. And when my mobile phone is dead, I'd like to use the shared charger. Sometimes when it rains while I don't have an umbrella, I would rent a shared umbrella.
M: Speaking of that, I remember that last weekend I was outside when it rained hard suddenly. So I used a shared
umbrella. I held the umbrella for only ten minutes and then it was broken. I didn't know what happened.
W: Oh, you poor thing. Maybe you didn't do it in the right way. Let me teach you.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕使用共享产品展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意抓住关键信息，在听录音时，要注意抓住关键信息，如人名、地名、数字、时间等。这些信息往往是回答问题的关键所在，考生需要特别留意。同时，还要注意对话中的重点句子和段落，它们通常包含了对话的核心内容。注意转折与连接词，转折和连接词在听力长对话中扮演着重要的角色。它们不仅能够帮助考生理解对话的逻辑结构，还能提示重要信息的出现。因此，考生在听录音时，要特别注意这些词汇，以便更好地把握对话的整体意义。
8．问题： 男发言人上周末用了什么？根据"Speaking of that, I remember that last weekend I was
outside when it rained hard suddenly. So I used a shared umbrella. " 说到这个，我记得上周末我正在外面，突然下起了大雨。所以我使用了一把共享雨伞。 可推知，男发言人上周末用了一把共享雨伞，故选B。
9．问题：接下来女发言人要谈论什么？根据"I held the umbrella for only ten minutes and then it
was broken. I didn't know what happened." 我只撑了十分钟伞，它就坏了。我不知道发生了什么。 ；以及"Oh, you poor thing. Maybe you didn't do it in the right way. Let me teach you." 哦，你真可怜。可能是你没有用对方法。我来教你。 可推知，接下来女发言人要谈论使用共享产品的合适的方法，故选C。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
10．What has the man found
A．An interesting wall.
B．A secret dinner.
C．An old door.
11．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Boss and secretary.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Father and daughter.
12．Where are the speakers
A．In a house. B．In a shop. C．In a castle.
【答案】10．C
11．B
12．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Quick, quick, honey. Come and see.
W: What is it I'm making dinner, you know. This had better be important. Anything less than hidden treasure, I'll be annoyed.
M: Well, it's a bit like that. I knocked down part of this wall and look what I found.
W: What is it
M: It's a door. It must have been covered up a long time ago.
W: Will there be a room behind it
M: If there is, it must only be small.
W: Don't tell Kate and Susan—they will use it for hiding from us.
M: Living in this old house is like living in a castle. It seems to have so many secrets.
W: My sister's house used to be a shop. In one of the rooms, she found lots of old signs and products from the past.
M: That's what I like about these old places. They are so interesting.
W: It's true. New houses may be efficient but they have no character.
【分析】本段长对话围绕一对夫妇关于发现老房子的秘密展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑，听力长对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。注意排除干扰选项，在听力长对话中，干扰选项是常见的。考生要学会根据对话内容和题目要求排除这些干扰项，以便更准确地找到正确答案。在排除干扰项时，要注意对比各选项之间的差异和联系，找出与对话内容最符合的选项。
10．问题：男发言人发现了什么？根据"It's a door. "它是一扇门。故选C。
11．问题：两位发言人之间可能是什么关系？根据"Quick, quick, honey. Come and see." 快点，快点，亲爱的。过来看看。 ；以及"Don't tell Kate and Susan—they will use it for hiding from us." 别告诉凯特和苏珊——她们会用这个来躲我们的。 可推知，两位发言人是夫妻关系，故选B。
12．问题：两位发言人在哪里？根据"Living in this old house is like living in a castle." 住在这个老房子里就像住在城堡里一样。 可推知，两位发言人在一间屋子里，故选A。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
13．What is the man doing
A．Eating a meal.
B．Cooking a meal.
C．Having an interview.
14．How long has the man been cooking
A．Since he was a kid.
B．Only recently.
C．Since he was twenty years old.
15．Why does the man mention rice and noodles
A．To name his favorite food.
B．To give an example.
C．To show his best cooking.
16．What is the most important for cooking according to the man
A．Rich flavors.
B．Freshness of food.
C．Different styles of cooking.
【答案】13．C
14．A
15．B
16．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson. Thanks again for joining us, Mr. Wilson.
M: Oh, it's my pleasure. And please call me Mike.
W: OK, Mike, you've been cooking since you were a child, and you've been a professional chef for over twenty years. What is it about cooking that you love so much
M: It's the best way for people to communicate, in my opinion. You don't need language. You don't have to have anything in common. It's easy to make new friends when you share a meal together.
W: So, what are some of the differences in the food of different countries
M: Well, in the West, people eat a lot of bread, while in Asia, rice and noodles are more common. Beef is very common in countries like the United States, but it's not as popular in Northern Europe.
W: What do you think is the most important factor in cooking
M: I think that fresh local foods are the most important part of any type of cooking.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕对一位著名的厨师的采访展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意抓住关键信息，在听录音时，要注意抓住关键信息，如人名、地名、数字、时间等。这些信息往往是回答问题的关键所在，考生需要特别留意。同时，还要注意对话中的重点句子和段落，它们通常包含了对话的核心内容。注意转折与连接词，转折和连接词在听力长对话中扮演着重要的角色。它们不仅能够帮助考生理解对话的逻辑结构，还能提示重要信息的出现。因此，考生在听录音时，要特别注意这些词汇，以便更好地把握对话的整体意义。
13．问题：男发言人正在做什么？根据"Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson. Thanks again for
joining us, Mr. Wilson." 我们今天的嘉宾是Michael Wilson厨师。再次感谢您的参与，Wilson先生。 ；以及"Oh, it's my pleasure. And please call me Mike." 哦，这是我的荣幸。请叫我Mike。 可推知，男发言人正在进行采访，故选C。
14．问题：男发言人做饭多久了？根据"OK, Mike, you've been cooking since you were a child, and
you've been a professional chef for over twenty years." 好的，Mike，你从小就开始做饭，而且你已经做了超过二十年的专业厨师了。 可推知，男发言人从小就开始做饭，故选A。
15．问题：为什么男发言人提到米饭和面条？根据"So, what are some of the differences in the food
of different countries " 那么，不同国家的食物有哪些差异呢？ ；以及"Well, in the West,
people eat a lot of bread, while in Asia, rice and noodles are more common. " 嗯，在西方，人们吃很多面包，而在亚洲，米饭和面条更为常见。 可推知，男发言人提到米饭和面条是为了举例说明不同国家的食物的差异，故选B。
16．问题：根据男发言人的说法，烹饪中最重要的是什么？根据"I think that fresh local foods are the
most important part of any type of cooking." 我认为新鲜的地方食材是任何烹饪类型中最重要的部分。 可推知，男发言人认为新鲜的地方食材是任何烹饪类型中最重要的部分，故选B。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
17． What is Cathy's nationality
A．Chinese. B．American. C．German.
18．When will they start making dumplings
A．At 8 p. m. B．At 6 p. m. C．At 4 p. m.
19． How will Cathy come to the speaker's house probably
A．By bus. B．By car. C．By taxi.
20． What does the speaker think Cathy may worry about
A．Going back too early.
B．Staying there too long.
C．Having difficulty watching TV shows.
【答案】17．B
18．C
19．B
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】Hi, Cathy, this is Pitt. I heard that during the Chinese Spring Festival holiday you won't go back to your hometown in the States and will go to Germany for some traveling and then come back to China. I'm leaving you this voice message to invite you to come to our family's Chinese New Year's Eve dinner, say, on Feb. 4. My mother and I will start making dumplings around 4 p.m. and we'll probably start having dinner at 6 p.m. If you're interested in making dumplings, feel free to join us at 4 p.m. I'm afraid there will be very few buses or taxis running tomorrow afternoon. My father is happy to pick you up from your place. Just send me your address and tell me when you can come. After dinner, we will watch some Spring Festival shows on TV. The most interesting show starts at around 8 p.m. We usually stay up very late, so don't worry about staying too long. Just let me know when you want to go back to your place. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
【分析】本段独白主要围绕发言人邀请美国朋友Cathy到家一起过春节一事展开谈话。
【点评】考查独白理解。注意边听边记重要细节，由于听力独白通常较长，考生很难完全记住所有内容。因此，建议考生在听录音时，边听边记重要细节。可以使用简洁的符号或缩写来记录关键信息，以便在回答问题时能够迅速回忆起相关内容。注意借助上下文推测信息，在听力独白中，有些信息可能并不直接给出，但考生可以通过上下文进行推测。例如，根据前文提到的内容或语境，可以推断出某些未明确表述的信息或意图。注意问题排列与顺序，在回答问题时，要注意问题的排列和顺序。通常，问题的顺序与录音内容的顺序相匹配。因此，考生可以按照问题的顺序，依次寻找答案，避免遗漏或混淆。
17．问题：Cathy的国籍是什么？根据"Hi, Cathy, this is Pitt. I heard that during the Chinese Spring
Festival holiday you won't go back to your hometown in the States and will go to Germany
for some traveling and then come back to China. " 嗨，Cathy，我是Pitt。我听说在中国春节假期期间你不会回美国的老家，而是会去德国旅行，然后再回到中国。 可知，athy的国籍是美国，故选B。
18．问题：他们什么时候开始做饺子？根据"My mother and I will start making dumplings around
4 p.m. " 我妈妈和我会在下午四点左右开始包饺子。；以及"If you're interested in making
dumplings, feel free to join us at 4 p.m. " 如果你对包饺子感兴趣，请随时在下午四点加入我们。 可推知，他们将在下午四点左右开始做饺子，故选C。
19．问题：Cathy可能会怎么来发言人的家？根据"I'm afraid there will be very few buses or taxis
running tomorrow afternoon. My father is happy to pick you up from your place. "我恐怕明天下午运行的公交车或出租车会很少。我父亲很乐意去你那里接你。可推知，Cathy可能会乘坐发言人父亲的汽车来发言人家，故选B。
20．问题：发言人认为Cathy可能会担心什么？根据"We usually stay up very late, so don't worry
about staying too long. Just let me know when you want to go back to your place. " 我们通常熬夜到很晚，所以不用担心待得太久。只要告诉我你什么时候想回你那里就可以了。 可推知，发言人认为Cathy可能会担心待得太久，故选B。
三、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are, just four of those great minds.
Joseph Lister(1827—1912)
English surgeon(外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic(防腐的)and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out.
Maximilian Bircher-Benner(1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods. Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet.
Paracelsus(1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology(毒理学)and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature.
Peter Mansfield(1933—2017)
English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open. With MRI, doctors can see far more than with x-ray, which is limited to bones. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003.
21．What is Joseph Lister famous as
A．The father of modern surgery.
B．A Pioneer of the use of antiseptic surgery.
C．An English surgeon.
D．An English physicist.
22．What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner's contribution
A．He discovered x-ray.
B．He set up a healthy eating trend.
C．He improved survival rates of operation.
D．He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases.
23．Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient's body
A．Joseph Lister. B．Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C．Paracelsus. D．Peter Mansfield.
24．According to the passage, where do the four great minds mainly come from
A．Britain. B．Europe. C．Switzerland. D．Germany.
25．What do the four people have in common
A．They all received Nobel Prize.
B．They were all born in Switzerland.
C．They all made contributions to treating patients.
D．They all helped to make people live a better life.
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．D
24．B
25．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
21．细节理解题。根据Joseph Lister (1827—1912)部分"English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。因此，他经常被称为现代外科之父，因为他使用的杀菌剂大大增加了可以进行的手术种类。)"可知，约瑟夫·李斯特因他的贡献而常被称为现代外科手术之父。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中"Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet. (尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康的好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。)"可知，比歇尔·本纳的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中"English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open (英国物理学家(Peter Mansfield )，与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)"可知， Peter Mansfield 与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中"English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。)"、Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中"Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. (比歇尔·本纳是瑞士医生和营养学家的先驱。)"、Paracelsus (1493—1541)部分中"Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. (瑞士-德国医生和主要的卫生改革者。)"、Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中"English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open.(英国物理学家，他与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)"可知，约瑟夫·李斯特和彼得·曼斯菲尔德来自英国，马克西米利安·比歇尔·本纳是瑞士人，帕拉塞尔苏斯是瑞士-德国人。因此，他们主要来自欧洲。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段"Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are, just four of those great minds. (在整个人类历史上，有无数的人做出了巨大的贡献，所以我们现在可以享受更好的生活。以下是其中的四位伟人。)"可知，文章介绍的是为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活做出了杰出贡献。故选D。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very important part of Mexico's ecosystem, but because of the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all sorts of serious dangers. That's where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. Her home in Mexico City has become known as a hummingbird hospital.
Catia's story as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult moment in her life. At that time, she focused on her battle with cancer and fell into a depression (抑郁) . She was walking on the street one day when she noticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serious eye injury. The kindhearted woman took it home and named it Gucci. She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life.
Word of her success spread among Catia's friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn't repulse them at all. She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds.
In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That's when the need for her nursing services really blew up. She has cared for hundreds of hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 of them in her apartment at any one time. She spends pretty much all her time looking after the tiny birds.
26．What does Catia do with hummingbirds
A．She comes in the ever-spreading city landscape.
B．She takes up a nurse to treat hummingbirds.
C．She is busy looking after the hummingbirds.
D．She sets up a hummingbird hospital in Mexico City.
27．Which saying can best show the main idea of the second paragraph
A．It is better to give than to take.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Helping others is helping ourselves.
D．A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
28．What does the underlined word "repulse" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Refuse. B．Expect. C．Accept. D．Recognize
29．When were Catia's nursing services greatly needed
A．When her friends heard about her success.
B．When she was considered as a bird expert.
C．After she looked after a large number of the birds.
D．After she shared the birds' videos on the media.
30．According to the text, Catia can be described as ____.
A．honest and kind B．caring and responsible
C．devoted and strict D．generous and creative
【答案】26．C
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了73岁的Catia Lattouf de Arida作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和主旨大意题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段"As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. (作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟照顾者，她把大部分空闲时间和资源都花在了照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)"可知，Catia忙于照顾蜂鸟。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据第二段中"She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life. (她设法护理Gucci恢复健康，但她说是Gucci救了她。为什么？因为蜂鸟成功地将她从占据她生活的悲伤和孤独中拉了出来。)"可知，Catia Lattouf de Arida救了蜂鸟，同时蜂鸟也把她从悲伤和孤独中拯救出来，由此可知，帮助别人就是在帮助我们自己。故选C。
28．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文"Word of her success spread among Catia's friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. (她成功的消息在卡蒂亚的朋友们中传开，不久之后，他们中的一些人开始给她带来受伤的蜂鸟。)"和下文"She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds. (为了更好地照顾它们，她开始研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，经过11年的经验，这位73岁的女士被认为是蜂鸟方面的专家)"可知，一些人给她带来受伤的蜂鸟，她应该是没有拒绝他们，接受了这些蜂鸟，因为下文提到她照顾这些蜂鸟，并开始研究它们的习性。由此可知，划线单词意为"拒绝"，与A项"Refuse (拒绝)"意思一样。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段中"In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That's when the need for her nursing services really blew up. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattouf de Arid开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎。就在那时，对她的护理服务的需求真正爆发了)"可知，在媒体上分享了这些鸟的视频后，Catia的护理服务量急剧增加，故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段中"That's where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. (这就是73岁的Catia Lattouf de Arida发挥作用的地方。作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)"可知，Catia很有爱心。根据最后一段中"In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattouf de Arida开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎)"可知，她致力于提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，这说明她很有责任心。故选B。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars(化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is "like relaxing and having fun". Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say "I'm a really funny person". Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
31．What is possibly the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Avatars in computer games. B．Applications of avatars.
C．Development of avatars. D．Varieties of avatars.
32．What can be inferred in paragraph 3
A．More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
B．People's avatars could be seen only by their friends.
C．Avatars limited the room for people's creativity.
D．People's new identities were very powerful.
33． How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4
A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing data. D．By making comparisons.
34．What is a major concern about the use of avatars
A．People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
B．The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
C．People are spending too much time in the real world.
D．Users may be tricked by others online.
35．Where is the text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A magazine.
C．A guidebook. D．A scientific fiction.
【答案】31．C
32．A
33．B
34．D
35．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
31．主旨大意题。根据第二段"The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.(第一个简单的2D化身出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中。然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。到20世纪90年代末，它们已被用于网络聊天)"可知，第二段的主旨是虚拟形象的发展。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段"When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar.(当互联网用户意识到他们的头像会被很多人看到，而不仅仅是他们的朋友，他们开始拥有不止一个头像)"可知，公众的更多关注让人们有了更多的头像。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段"Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is "like relaxing and having fun". Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say "I'm a really funny person". Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.(当然，你所选择的头像也能反映出你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫的照片，你的信息是"喜欢放松和快乐"。著名的卡通人物或会笑的猴子会说"我是一个非常有趣的人"。大多数人创建的虚拟形象与他们的个性有相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，行为也像他们。然而，人们显然会让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好)"可知，作者在第4段中通过举例表达他的观点。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段"The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.(同时使用多个虚拟形象也有风险，因为人们可以使用虚拟形象在网上欺骗他人)"可知，使用虚拟形象的主要顾虑是用户可能在网上被其他人欺骗。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段"When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars (化身).(当你在线时，你可以是任何人或任何事。你可以创造自己的形象和新的个性。这些数字身份被称为化身)"结合文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。可知，文章来自杂志。故选B。
四、第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you use "123456", "password'' or "qwerty" as a password, you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers(黑客). But you're not alone. 36． Recently, password management service NordPass has carried out a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world. They analyzed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references. 37． . In the UK, "liverpool" was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo" was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.
38． Women tend to use more positive and affectionate(深情的) words and phrases such as "sunshine" or "I love you", while men often use sports-related passwords. In some countries, men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism (身份验证机制) for computers and network-based products and services. But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely. 39． .
To overcome the security issues linked with password-based authentication systems, researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don't depend on passwords at all. 40． For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha(验证码). All in all, a secure password is the first line of defense against Internet attacks. Don't give up security for convenience.
A. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.
B. The findings show that passwords tell our emotions and our identity.
C. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.
D. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
E. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
F. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
G. They need the support of computer experts.
【答案】36．D；37．F；38．E；39．A；40．C
【知识点】说明文；七选五；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们使用网络密码的现状并提出了应对措施。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。
36．上文"If you use "123456", "password'' or "qwerty" as a password, you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers (黑客). But you're not alone. (如果你使用‘23456'、‘password'或‘qwerty'作为密码，你可能已经意识到你有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不孤单)"说明人们最常使用的密码形式，D项"这些是世界上最流行的密码中的一些。"承接上文，指出上文中提到的密码是非常流行的密码，符合语境，选项中"These"指代上文提及的密码样例。故选D。
37．下文"In the UK, "liverpool" was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo" was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.(在英国，‘利物浦'是第三大热门密码，点击量为224160次，而智利足球俱乐部‘科洛科洛'的名字在智利有15748人使用，是第五大热门密码)"列举了两支著名的球队名称，说明足球相关的词汇也会被设置为密码，空处应讲述有些国家的人的密码设置受到喜欢的球队的影响；F项"一些国家的人们从足球队中获得灵感。"与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选F。
38．空处是本段的主旨句，下文"Women tend to use more positive and affectionate (深情的) words and phrases such as "sunshine" or "I love you", while men often use sports-related passwords.(女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的单词和短语，比如‘阳光'或‘我爱你'，而男性则经常使用与体育相关的密码)"说明本段主要讲述男性和女性在设置密码上的差异；E项"报告还反映了不同性别的偏好。"与本段描述内容一致，适合作为段落主旨句。故选E。
39．上文"But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely. (但我们知道，人们继续选择易破的密码，而且通常不会安全地管理它们)"说明人们选择不安全密码，并且通常没有安全管理密码；A项"因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下。"介绍使用不安全密码的后果，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
40．下文"For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码 ).(例如，双因素身份验证（2FA）和多因素身份验证（MFA）方法是保护您的帐户的好方法。这些方法将密码与生物识别信息（例如，面部扫描或指纹）或其他可识别的信息（如验证码)结合起来）"举例说明保护个人信息的方法，C项"此外，还有其他方法可以保护您的个人信息。"介绍有保护个人信息的其他方法，引出下文的例子，符合题意。故选C。
五、第三部 分语言运用（共四节，满分50分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 41． 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the "mother of wheat", is a 42． at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 43． experiments. "The first 44． is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation(培育) purpose. Then we try a hybrid(杂交的) combination," Zhang explained, "After several generations of 45． and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 46． a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification." And after several more founds of tests, a(n) 47． for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
"Generally speaking, a good new 48． should produce high yields(产量), have stable production, and 49． good resistance to bad conditions," she added. " 50． , it also should be accepted by the market."
Zhang added that the team 51． 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 52． experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses.
"Agricultural research work is 53． and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 54． . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 55． on the land," she said.
41．A． advertising B． discussing C． cultivating D． observing
42．A． journalist B． manager C． teacher D． researcher
43．A． simple B． efficient C． precise D． expensive
44．A． step B． attempt C． method D． question
45．A． trial B． support
C． management D． encouragement
46．A． nearby B． begin C． continue D． repeat
47．A． practice B． appliance C． application D． invitation
48．A． variety B． machine C． farmland D． environment
49．A． produce B． show C． enhance D． develop
50．A． However B． Besides C． Therefore D． Otherwise
51．A． watered B． planted C． protected D． bought
52．A． reporting B． designing C． studying D． conducting
53．A． tough B． normal C． varied D． specific
54．A． end up B． pay off C． break up D． let down
55．A． courage B． comfort C． dreams D． answers
【答案】41．C；42．D；43．C；44．A；45．A；46．B；47．C；48．A；49．B；50．B；51．B；52．D；53．A；54．B；55．D
【知识点】名词辨析；动词的词义辨析；动词短语的辨析；说明文；人物传记类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的"小麦之母"张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。五、积累词汇，提高语言基础。要想在完形填空中取得好成绩，平时的词汇积累非常重要。建议学生多阅读英文文章，扩大词汇量，提高语言基础。
41．句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，做到了两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. discussing讨论；C. cultivating培育；D. observing观察，遵循。根据"13 new varieties of wheat"可知，是培育小麦。故选C。
42．句意：这位被称为"小麦之母"的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. journalist记者；B. manager经理；C. teacher教师；D. researcher研究者。根据上文"who has spent the last 26 years____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security"推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选D。
43．句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. simple简单的；B. efficient高效的；C. precise精确的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应"strict standards"此处指精确的实验。故选C。
44．句意："第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，"张解释道。A. step步骤；B. attempt企图；C. method方法；D. question问题。根据"to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose"和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
45．句意："经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。"A. trial试验；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. encouragement鼓励。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选A。
46．句意："经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。"A. nearby在附近；B. begin开始；C. continue继续；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和"a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification."可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选B。
47．句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. appliance家用电器；C. application申请；D. invitation邀请。根据"And after several more rounds of tests"可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选C。
48．句意：她补充道："一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。"A. variety种类 ；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. environment环境。根据上文"Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both."可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选A。
49．句意：她补充道："一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。"A. produce生产，产生；B. show表明，表现；C. enhance加强；D. develop发展。根据"good resistance to bad conditions"可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选B。
50．句意："此外，它也应该被市场所接受。"A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合"it also should be accepted by the market"可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选B。
51．句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. planted种植；C. protected保护；D. bought购买。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及"70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year."可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选B。
52．句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. studying学习，研究；D. conducting进行。根据"experiments on the growth of the new seedlings"可知，此处是指进行实验。故选D。
53．句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. tough棘手的，艰难的；B. normal正常的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据"complicated"并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选A。
54．句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. pay off回报；C. break up破裂；D. let down使失望。根据上文"Agricultural research work is____13____ and complicated."可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选B。
55．句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. courage勇气；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. answers答案。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合"think more, discuss more"可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选D。
六、第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Floods are common and 56． (frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods --usually heavy rainfall or melting snow-- are 57． (avoidable), knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.
Before a flood occurs, we must work 58． (reduce) the risk to people and their valuables. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies 59． include a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the 60． (up) levels of your house.
During a flood, it's important to leave 61． you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger you'll be in. Be sure to move to higher ground. If you're already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Don't walk 62． drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down, and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away.
63． a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when it's safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible 64． (danger). The flood may have damaged roads and power lines. Keep away from the floodwater, because it may 65． (pollute) and unsafe to touch.
【答案】56．frequently；57．unavoidable；58．to reduce；59．which/that；60．upper；61．where；62．or；63．After；64．dangers/danger；65．be polluted
【知识点】说明文；副词的用法；形容词的用法；社会现象类；自然地理类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人，本文介绍了洪水到来的时候的几个注意事项。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词，形容词，连词，介词，副词，语态，非谓语动词，宾语从句以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。六、利用常识和逻辑。在某些情况下，可以利用常识和逻辑来解答语法填空题。例如，根据常识判断所填词汇是否符合常理，或者根据逻辑判断所填词汇是否与前后的句子内容相符合。通过利用常识和逻辑，可以更加准确地填空。七、多做练习总结。最后，多做练习是提高语法填空解题能力的有效途径。通过大量的练习，我们可以熟悉各种题型和考点，提高解题速度和准确率。同时，也要及时总结错题原因，分析解题思路和方法，以便更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。
56．句意：洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词，使用副词，故填frequently。
57．句意：尽管洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同。根据下文"knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.( 但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同)"可知上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空处应填avoidable的反义词，需在avoidable前面加上前缀un表示相反的含义，故填unavoidable。
58．句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力降低对人们及其贵重物品的风险。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to reduce。
59．句意：首先，你应该准备灾难物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣物，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。分析句子结构，这是一个包含先行词为disaster supplies的限定性定语从句的复合句，空处在定语从句中指物作主语，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填which/that。
60．句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品放到你房子里高一点的位置。根据语境，此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应使用形容词的比较级，故填upper。
61．句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空处在宾语从句中作地点状语，使用where引导宾语从句，故填where。
62．句意：不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只有15厘米的流动水就足以将一名成年人撞倒，60厘米的水可以冲走大多数汽车。根据上文"Don't walk(不要走路)"以及下文"drive(开车)"可知上下文为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词，故填or。
63．句意：洪水过后，听听官方新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。根据下文"find out when it's safe to return to your home(看看什么时候可以安全回家)"可知，可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空处应填表示"之后"含义的介词after，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。
64．句意：在你回家的时候，要小心可能的危险。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作宾语，使用名词danger，表示"危险"，既可以表示抽象名词，为不可数名词，也可以作可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填dangers/danger。
65．句意：远离洪水，因为它可能被污染，触摸不安全。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因空处前面已经有情态动词may，空处填be+过去分词，故填be polluted。
七、第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66．（2024高一下·无锡期中）As the impact of human activities continues, the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer.
【答案】extinction
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：随着人类活动的持续影响，面临灭绝危险的物种名单变得更长。extinct，灭绝的，形容词。空处在句中作介词of的宾语，空处表示"灭绝"，extinction，不可数名词，符合语境。故填extinction。
【点评】考查名词extinction的识记运用，词性转化以及名词作介词宾语。注意：注意：首先通读句子，理解句子的整体意思和语境，再根据句子的语法结构和上下文语境，判断空格处应填入的词性是否为名词，如果空处应填入名词，根据句子的要求和提示词，确定名词的具体形式（如单复数、所有格等）。检查名词与冠词、代词、形容词等的搭配是否正确，将确定好的名词形式填入空格处，并检查句子的语法和语义是否正确。
67．（2024高一下·无锡期中）As a consequence, most of the forest's nutrients are locked in the plants themselves, thus (allow) them to grow at an unbelievable speed.
【答案】allowing
【知识点】动词现在分词；分词
【解析】【分析】句意：结果，森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面，从而使它们以令人难以置信的速度生长。allow，允许，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作状语，此处"它们以令人难以置信的速度生长"是由"森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面"自然而然所造成的，故空处应用现在分词做结果状语。故填allowing。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（现在分词做结果状语）。注意：现在分词做结果状语时所表示的动作是由主句所表示的动作自然而然所造成的。而动词不定式做结果状语时，表示出乎意料的结果。解题时要注意分析句子内部语义上的逻辑关系，结合具体语境确定正确的非谓语。
68．（2024高一下·无锡期中）We have to achieve a balance environmentally and (economy).
【答案】economically
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们必须在环境和经济上实现平衡。 economy ，经济，不可数名词。空处在句中与environmentally并列作状语修饰动词achieve，空处表示"在经济上，经济地"，economically，副词，符合语境。故填economically。
【点评】考查副词economically的识记运用，词性转化以及副词作状语修饰动词。注意：在填空时，要仔细阅读上下文，理解句子的整体意思和语境，这有助于确定所需填入的词性及其具体形式。关注句子中的转折、因果、并列等逻辑关系词，它们有助于我们理解句子各成分之间的关系，从而更准确地确定所需填入的词性。
69．（2024高一下·无锡期中）They arrived at the airport, only (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm.
【答案】to find
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。 find，发现，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作状语，动词find与其逻辑主语They构成逻辑上的主动关系，且此处表示出乎意料的结果，故空处应用动词不定式做结果状语。故填to find。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式做结果状语）。注意：在解题时，首先要识别出句子中的动词不定式是否表示出乎意料的结果。这通常需要通过上下文和语境来判断。虽然"only to"这样的结构常用于强调意外结果，但也要注意其他连词或短语（如"but to", "never to"等）可能具有类似的用法。然而，并非所有与动词不定式结合的连词都表示意外结果，因此需要仔细分析。动词不定式做结果状语表示出乎意料的结果时，往往伴随着一定的情感色彩。在解题时，要注意分析这种情感色彩，以便更准确地理解句子的含义。
70．（2024高一下·无锡期中）To her great (relieve), the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
【答案】relief
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：令她大为宽慰的是，军官立刻意识到即将来临的危险。to one's+情绪名词是固定搭配，表示"令某人……的是"，因此空处填不可数名词relief"宽慰"作宾语。to one's relief"令某人宽慰的是"。故填relief。
【点评】考查名词以及固定短语to one's relief"令某人宽慰的是"。
71．（2024高一下·无锡期中）A typhoon is a (destroy) storm that occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean.
【答案】destructive
【知识点】作前置定语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：台风是发生在西北太平洋的破坏性风暴。destroy，毁灭，动词。空处在句中做前置定语修饰名词storm，空处表示"破坏性的"，destructive，形容词，符合语境。故填destructive。
【点评】考查形容词destructive的识记运用，词性转化以及形容词做前置定语修饰名词。注意：首先，明确句子的主语、谓语、宾语等基本成分，判断空格在句子中的位置。根据句子结构和上下文语境，判断空格处应填入的词性。若空格处需填形容词作前置定语，则进一步分析应填形容词的具体内容和含义，根据上下文语境和句意，选择最符合句意的形容词。注意形容词的褒贬义和感彩。
72．（2024高一下·无锡期中）Remember to keep yourself (inform) of what is going on.
【答案】informed
【知识点】分词；动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：听收音机让自己知道发生了什么事。 inform，通知，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中做宾语补足语，动词inform与其逻辑主语yourself构成逻辑上的被动关系，故空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填informed。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（过去分词做宾语补足语）。注意：过去分词作宾语补足语时，与其逻辑主语（即宾语）构成逻辑上的被动关系。
73．（2024高一下·无锡期中）When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all you travel (arrange) just in front of the computer.
【答案】arrangements
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。arrange，安排/筹备，动词。空处在句中作宾语，空处表示"安排"，arrangement，可数名词，空处被all修饰，故空处宾语应用可数名词arrangement的复数形式。故填arrangements。
【点评】考查名词arrangement的识记运用，词性转化以及可数名词的复数形式变化。注意：在解题时，要仔细阅读题干和句子，理解上下文含义，是准确拼写单词的关键。通过分析句子结构和逻辑关系，可以确定所需单词的具体含义和词性，从而避免拼写错误。
74．（2024高一下·无锡期中）It is our (responsible) as scientists to declare the value of science.
【答案】responsibility
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为科学家，我们有责任宣布科学的价值。 responsible，负责任的，形容词。空处在句中做表语且被our修饰，空处表示"责任"，responsibility，不可数名词，符合语境。故填responsibility。
【点评】考查名词responsibility的识记运用以及词性转化。注意：掌握词性转化规则，包括名词转化为形容词，动词转化为形容词或副词，动词转化为形容词以及形容词转化为副词。 仔细阅读填空前后的句子，寻找与填空处相关的线索，如提示词、限定词（如a, an, the, some, many等）、动词类型（如及物动词后常接宾语）等。这些线索有助于缩小名词的选择范围。 理解句子的整体意思，结合常识和词汇知识，选择语义上最合适的名词。同时，注意名词与其他词语的搭配习惯，避免使用不恰当的组合。
75．（2024高一下·无锡期中）Fortune favours the (prepare) mind.
【答案】prepared
【知识点】作前置定语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：幸运总是垂青有准备的人。 prepare，准备，动词。空处在句中做前置定语修饰名词mind，空处表示"准备好的"，prepared，形容词，符合语境。故填prepared。
【点评】考查形容词prepared的识记运用以及形容词做前置定语修饰名词。注意：根据句子结构和上下文语境，判断空格处应填入的词性。若空格处需填形容词作前置定语，则进一步分析应填形容词的具体内容和含义，根据上下文语境和句意，选择最符合句意的形容词。注意形容词的褒贬义和感彩。利用句子的上下文语境和逻辑关系，判断空格处应填入的形容词的具体含义和范围。有时，句子中的某些信息可能并未直接给出，但可以通过常识和语境推断出应填入的形容词。
八、第四节 根据要求翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
76．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 我们需要携手来确保工厂以环保的方式发展。(hand in hand)
【答案】We should work hand in hand to ensure factories develop in an environmentally friendly way./We need to work hand in hand to ensure the factory develops in a green way.
【知识点】介词加名词；动词的固定搭配；宾语从句的语序；宾语从句的时态；汉译英
【解析】【分析】1. 主句部分。主语："我们"，we，人称代词主格，位于句首，首字母应大写；谓语："应该 作"或者"需要工作"，should work/need to work；状语："手牵手"， hand in hand ，副词短语，作方式状语修饰谓语动词；目的状语："为了确保"， to ensure 。2. 从句部分。此处"确保"后面的内容可处理为省略that的宾语从句；主语："工厂"，factories/the factory；谓语："发展"，develop/develops；方式状语："以环保的方式"，in an environmentally friendly way/in a green way。故翻译为We should work hand in hand to ensure factories develop in an environmentally friendly way./We need to work hand in hand to ensure the factory develops in a green way.
【点评】考查汉译英，宾语从句，非谓语动词（动词不定式做目的状语），副词短语和介词短语作状语。注意：理解原文是翻译的第一步。在动手翻译之前，务必仔细阅读原文，准确理解其含义。这包括识别原文中的关键词、短语和句子结构，以及把握整体的语义和逻辑关系。只有深入理解原文，才能为后续的翻译工作打下坚实的基础。语境和语气对于翻译的准确性至关重要。在翻译过程中，要充分考虑原文的语境和语气，以确保译文能够传达出相同的情感色彩和语气特点。例如，原文是陈述句、疑问句还是感叹句，以及是否带有讽刺、幽默等语气，都需要在译文中得到体现。
77．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 她突然想起来这些是海啸即将来临的迹象。（occur to sb；tsunami）
【答案】It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
【知识点】一般过去时；主谓一致；固定句式；汉译英；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】表示"某人突然想到"用固定句型it occurs to sb. that..,，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，其中occur to sb."（主意或想法突然）浮现于……脑中，被……想到"，其中to为介词，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式occurred；表示"突然"用副词immediately，作状语，修饰occurred；表示"她"用her，作to的宾语。主语从句中：表示"这些"用these，作主语；事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，且主语为these，表示"是"be动词用were；表示"迹象"用sign，结合these可知，迹象不止一个，应用名词复数形式，作表语；表示"……的"用介词of；表示"将来临的"用形容词approaching，作定语，修饰"海啸"；表示"海啸"用tsunami，此处泛指"一个将来临的海啸"，且approaching以元音音素开头，应用不定冠词an，应用名词单数形式tsunami，作of的宾语；从句不缺少成分或含义，用that引导。故翻译为It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
【点评】考查汉译英，时态（一般过去时），主谓一致以及主语从句。注意：汉语和英语的句式结构存在差异。在汉译英时，要根据英语的表达习惯，对原文的句式结构进行适当的转换。例如，汉语中常用主动语态，而英语中则更多地使用被动语态；汉语中喜欢使用流水江苏省无锡市立人高级中学2023-2024学年高一下学期期中考试英语试题
一、第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1．（2024高一下·无锡期中） What was the weather like in the afternoon
A．Sunny. B．Windy. C．Rainy.
2．（2024高一下·无锡期中） How does the man sound
A．Worried. B．Afraid. C．Confident.
3．（2024高一下·无锡期中） What is the conversation mainly about
A．Going on holiday.
B．Getting a new passport.
C．Taking photographs.
4．（2024高一下·无锡期中） Why did the man go to see a doctor
A．He doesn't like his old glasses.
B．He gets glasses for the woman.
C．He can only see things up close.
5．（2024高一下·无锡期中） What are the speakers going to do next
A．Play with snow. B．Stay at home. C．Play badminton.
二、第二节 (共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
6．Why does the woman want to replace the sofa
A．It is really old.
B．It is uncomfortable.
C．It doesn't match the table.
7． What do the speakers agree to do
A．Change the table.
B．Buy a reading lamp.
C．Move a lamp onto the table.
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
8．What did the man use last weekend
A．A shared bike. B．A shared umbrella. C．A shared charger.
9．What is the woman going to talk about next
A．The advantages of the sharing economy.
B．Her attitude towards the sharing economy.
C．The proper ways to use the sharing product.
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
10．What has the man found
A．An interesting wall.
B．A secret dinner.
C．An old door.
11．What's the probable relationship between the two speakers
A．Boss and secretary.
B．Husband and wife.
C．Father and daughter.
12．Where are the speakers
A．In a house. B．In a shop. C．In a castle.
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
13．What is the man doing
A．Eating a meal.
B．Cooking a meal.
C．Having an interview.
14．How long has the man been cooking
A．Since he was a kid.
B．Only recently.
C．Since he was twenty years old.
15．Why does the man mention rice and noodles
A．To name his favorite food.
B．To give an example.
C．To show his best cooking.
16．What is the most important for cooking according to the man
A．Rich flavors.
B．Freshness of food.
C．Different styles of cooking.
（2024高一下·无锡期中）听材料，回答问题。
17． What is Cathy's nationality
A．Chinese. B．American. C．German.
18．When will they start making dumplings
A．At 8 p. m. B．At 6 p. m. C．At 4 p. m.
19． How will Cathy come to the speaker's house probably
A．By bus. B．By car. C．By taxi.
20． What does the speaker think Cathy may worry about
A．Going back too early.
B．Staying there too long.
C．Having difficulty watching TV shows.
三、第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分50分）第一节 阅读理解（共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are, just four of those great minds.
Joseph Lister(1827—1912)
English surgeon(外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic(防腐的)and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out.
Maximilian Bircher-Benner(1867—1939)
Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. He advocated the eating of raw fruit and vegetables and discouraged eating meat and heavily processed foods. Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet.
Paracelsus(1493—1541)
Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. Paracelsus founded the discipline of toxicology(毒理学)and pioneered the use of chemicals in treating patients. He emphasized practical experience. He was also one of the first doctors to note illness can be psychological in nature.
Peter Mansfield(1933—2017)
English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open. With MRI, doctors can see far more than with x-ray, which is limited to bones. He was awarded the Nobel Prize in Medicine in 2003.
21．What is Joseph Lister famous as
A．The father of modern surgery.
B．A Pioneer of the use of antiseptic surgery.
C．An English surgeon.
D．An English physicist.
22．What is Maximilian Bircher-Benner's contribution
A．He discovered x-ray.
B．He set up a healthy eating trend.
C．He improved survival rates of operation.
D．He did experiments with chemicals to treat diseases.
23．Who invented MRI to give doctors more information of a patient's body
A．Joseph Lister. B．Maximilian Bircher-Benner.
C．Paracelsus. D．Peter Mansfield.
24．According to the passage, where do the four great minds mainly come from
A．Britain. B．Europe. C．Switzerland. D．Germany.
25．What do the four people have in common
A．They all received Nobel Prize.
B．They were all born in Switzerland.
C．They all made contributions to treating patients.
D．They all helped to make people live a better life.
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
Hummingbirds (蜂鸟) are a very important part of Mexico's ecosystem, but because of the ever-spreading city landscape, they face all sorts of serious dangers. That's where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. Her home in Mexico City has become known as a hummingbird hospital.
Catia's story as a hummingbird nurse began in 2011, at a very difficult moment in her life. At that time, she focused on her battle with cancer and fell into a depression (抑郁) . She was walking on the street one day when she noticed a hummingbird that had suffered a serious eye injury. The kindhearted woman took it home and named it Gucci. She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life.
Word of her success spread among Catia's friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. She didn't repulse them at all. She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds.
In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That's when the need for her nursing services really blew up. She has cared for hundreds of hummingbirds in her 11-year career, when she has had as many as 50 of them in her apartment at any one time. She spends pretty much all her time looking after the tiny birds.
26．What does Catia do with hummingbirds
A．She comes in the ever-spreading city landscape.
B．She takes up a nurse to treat hummingbirds.
C．She is busy looking after the hummingbirds.
D．She sets up a hummingbird hospital in Mexico City.
27．Which saying can best show the main idea of the second paragraph
A．It is better to give than to take.
B．Actions speak louder than words.
C．Helping others is helping ourselves.
D．A bird in hand is worth two in the bush.
28．What does the underlined word "repulse" in paragraph 3 mean
A．Refuse. B．Expect. C．Accept. D．Recognize
29．When were Catia's nursing services greatly needed
A．When her friends heard about her success.
B．When she was considered as a bird expert.
C．After she looked after a large number of the birds.
D．After she shared the birds' videos on the media.
30．According to the text, Catia can be described as ____.
A．honest and kind B．caring and responsible
C．devoted and strict D．generous and creative
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面各题，从题中所给的A、B、C、D选项中，选出最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars(化身).
The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.
When people started creating their own avatars, they discovered that they were going to have the power to create new identities that did not look or act like their real selves at all. They could dress their avatars in fancy clothes, or they could try being someone of the opposite sex. When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar. Avatars let you express yourself and they give you lots of room for creativity.
Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is "like relaxing and having fun". Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say "I'm a really funny person". Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.
Nowadays, avatars are everywhere and very useful. In most web chats, people choose an avatar from a selection of ready-made images or create their own images. You can also use avatars that move around and talk when you type in your message.
Despite the advantages of avatars, the use of avatars has also caused a few concerns. Some users worry that they are spending so much time in virtual worlds that they are becoming afraid of meeting people in the real world. The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.
31．What is possibly the main idea of paragraph 2
A．Avatars in computer games. B．Applications of avatars.
C．Development of avatars. D．Varieties of avatars.
32．What can be inferred in paragraph 3
A．More attention from the public made people have more avatars.
B．People's avatars could be seen only by their friends.
C．Avatars limited the room for people's creativity.
D．People's new identities were very powerful.
33． How does the author present his view points in paragraph 4
A．By telling a story. B．By giving examples.
C．By analyzing data. D．By making comparisons.
34．What is a major concern about the use of avatars
A．People are not brave enough to meet others in the virtual worlds.
B．The use of avatars is not so risky as people have expected.
C．People are spending too much time in the real world.
D．Users may be tricked by others online.
35．Where is the text most likely from
A．A diary. B．A magazine.
C．A guidebook. D．A scientific fiction.
四、第二节 七选五阅读（共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
If you use "123456", "password'' or "qwerty" as a password, you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers(黑客). But you're not alone. 36． Recently, password management service NordPass has carried out a study to determine the 200 most commonly used passwords around the world. They analyzed the data across 50 countries.
The findings show password choices are often attached to cultural references. 37． . In the UK, "liverpool" was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo" was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.
38． Women tend to use more positive and affectionate(深情的) words and phrases such as "sunshine" or "I love you", while men often use sports-related passwords. In some countries, men use more swear words than women.
Choosing long and complex passwords remains the main authentication mechanism (身份验证机制) for computers and network-based products and services. But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely. 39． .
To overcome the security issues linked with password-based authentication systems, researchers and developers are now concentrating on creating authentication systems which don't depend on passwords at all. 40． For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha(验证码). All in all, a secure password is the first line of defense against Internet attacks. Don't give up security for convenience.
A. As a result, they put themselves under potential online security threats.
B. The findings show that passwords tell our emotions and our identity.
C. Besides, there are other ways to protect your personal information.
D. These are among the most popular passwords around the world.
E. The report also reflected different preferences between genders.
F. People in some countries take inspiration from a football team.
G. They need the support of computer experts.
五、第三部 分语言运用（共四节，满分50分）第一节 完形填空（共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）请认真阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项，并在答题纸/卡上将该项涂黑。
As the Chinese saying goes, a seed can change the world; a variety can benefit a nation.
Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years 41． 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both. The 50-year-old, who is called the "mother of wheat", is a 42． at the Xiangyang Academy of Agricultural Sciences in Xiangyang city.
The research into new varieties requires strict standards and 43． experiments. "The first 44． is to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation(培育) purpose. Then we try a hybrid(杂交的) combination," Zhang explained, "After several generations of 45． and selection, and when characteristics remain stable, we 46． a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification." And after several more founds of tests, a(n) 47． for evaluation and approval can be made for market production.
"Generally speaking, a good new 48． should produce high yields(产量), have stable production, and 49． good resistance to bad conditions," she added. " 50． , it also should be accepted by the market."
Zhang added that the team 51． 70,000 to 80,000 seedlings(幼苗) each year. All year round they were busy with 52． experiments on the growth of the new seedling sand making records and analyses.
"Agricultural research work is 53． and complicated. Sometimes your efforts do not 54． . All we can do then is think more, discuss more and find 55． on the land," she said.
41．A． advertising B． discussing C． cultivating D． observing
42．A． journalist B． manager C． teacher D． researcher
43．A． simple B． efficient C． precise D． expensive
44．A． step B． attempt C． method D． question
45．A． trial B． support
C． management D． encouragement
46．A． nearby B． begin C． continue D． repeat
47．A． practice B． appliance C． application D． invitation
48．A． variety B． machine C． farmland D． environment
49．A． produce B． show C． enhance D． develop
50．A． However B． Besides C． Therefore D． Otherwise
51．A． watered B． planted C． protected D． bought
52．A． reporting B． designing C． studying D． conducting
53．A． tough B． normal C． varied D． specific
54．A． end up B． pay off C． break up D． let down
55．A． courage B． comfort C． dreams D． answers
六、第二节 短文语法填空（共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
（2024高一下·无锡期中）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个恰当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Floods are common and 56． (frequent) destructive natural events that annually affect around 250 million people worldwide. Though the causes of floods --usually heavy rainfall or melting snow-- are 57． (avoidable), knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.
Before a flood occurs, we must work 58． (reduce) the risk to people and their valuables. Firstly, you should prepare disaster supplies 59． include a light source, sleeping bags, warm clothes, and most importantly, at least three days of food and drinking water. Secondly, you should bring the most important objects to the 60． (up) levels of your house.
During a flood, it's important to leave 61． you are immediately. The longer you stay, the more danger you'll be in. Be sure to move to higher ground. If you're already inside a building, move to the upper floor. Don't walk 62． drive through the moving floodwater, since as little as 15 centimetres of moving water is enough to knock an adult down, and 60 centimetres can wash most cars away.
63． a flood, listen for official news reports to find out when it's safe to return to your home. As you return home, watch out for possible 64． (danger). The flood may have damaged roads and power lines. Keep away from the floodwater, because it may 65． (pollute) and unsafe to touch.
七、第三节 用所给词的适当形式填空（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
66．（2024高一下·无锡期中）As the impact of human activities continues, the list of species in danger of (extinct) becomes longer.
67．（2024高一下·无锡期中）As a consequence, most of the forest's nutrients are locked in the plants themselves, thus (allow) them to grow at an unbelievable speed.
68．（2024高一下·无锡期中）We have to achieve a balance environmentally and (economy).
69．（2024高一下·无锡期中）They arrived at the airport, only (find) the flight had been canceled due to the snowstorm.
70．（2024高一下·无锡期中）To her great (relieve), the officer immediately realized the coming danger.
71．（2024高一下·无锡期中）A typhoon is a (destroy) storm that occurs in the north-west Pacific Ocean.
72．（2024高一下·无锡期中）Remember to keep yourself (inform) of what is going on.
73．（2024高一下·无锡期中）When you wish to go on holiday, you can make all you travel (arrange) just in front of the computer.
74．（2024高一下·无锡期中）It is our (responsible) as scientists to declare the value of science.
75．（2024高一下·无锡期中）Fortune favours the (prepare) mind.
八、第四节 根据要求翻译句子（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
76．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 我们需要携手来确保工厂以环保的方式发展。(hand in hand)
77．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 她突然想起来这些是海啸即将来临的迹象。（occur to sb；tsunami）
78．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 当与其他网络用户交流时，你需要表示尊重。（communicate with）
79．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 他沉浸在书中，没有注意我进入房间。(be lost in)
80．（2024高一下·无锡期中） 在病人身上进行实验有可能推迟。（be likely）
九、第四部分 写作（满分20分）
81．（2024高一下·无锡期中）假定你是李华,想邀请英国交换生Henry下周二参加你校举办的"科技节"，并观赏学生们的"科技小发明"。请给他写封邮件，内容包括:
1.写信意图；
2.活动时间和地点；
3.活动目的和内容；
4.表达希望。
注意：1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；3.信的开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
参考词汇:科技小发明:technology gadgets
Dear Henry,
Yours truly,
Li Hua
答案解析部分
1．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Look at the sky, Jane. How clear it is now!
W: Yes. Luckily, the wind in the afternoon blew away those dark clouds, but the weather report says it's going to rain in 12 hours.
【分析】问题：下午天气怎么样？根据"Yes. Luckily, the wind in the afternoon blew away those
dark clouds, but the weather report says it's going to rain in 12 hours." 是的。幸运的是，下午的风吹散了那些乌云，但天气预报说12小时后要下雨。 可推知，下午多风，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意排除干扰信息，在听力短对话中，往往存在一些与题目无关或误导性的信息。在解题时，要学会排除这些干扰信息，专注于与题目相关的内容，从而避免被误导。
2．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Aren't you afraid of getting sick It's cold out there.
M: No way. This material is stronger than it looks and it's quite warm.
W: OK, but I worry about you. Make sure to tell me if you're getting cold.
【分析】问题：听起来男发言人怎么样？根据"No way. This material is stronger than it looks and
it's quite warm." 没那么糟糕。这种材料看起来比实际更结实，而且相当暖和。 可推知，听起来男发言人比较自信，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。
3．【答案】B
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: I'm so looking forward to going on holiday and taking photos, but I need to get a new passport first.
M: It's very easy. There is an online form that you can fill out and then upload your own photograph.
【分析】问题：对话主要是关于什么的？根据"I'm so looking forward to going on holiday and
taking photos, but I need to get a new passport first." 我非常期待去度假和拍照，但我首先需要办理一本新护照。 ；以及" It's very easy. There is an online form that you can fill out and then
upload your own photograph." 这很容易。有一个在线表格你可以填写，然后上传你自己的照片。 可推知，对话主要是获取护照的，故选B。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑，听力短对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。
4．【答案】C
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: How was your appointment, dear
M: Well, unfortunately, the doctor thinks I need to start wearing glasses.
W: That's no surprise. You hold the newspaper right up to your face when you read it. I've been saying that you need glasses for years!
【分析】问题：男发言人为什么要去看医生？根据"You hold the newspaper right up to your
face when you read it. " 你看报纸时会把报纸紧贴在脸上。 可推知，男发言人去看医生的原因是他近视了，故选C。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意理解言外之意，有时，对话中的言外之意比字面意思更重要。因此，在听录音时，要注意理解说话者的隐含意图和言外之意，以便更准确地回答问题。
5．【答案】A
【知识点】短对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: George, it's boring to stay at home. Why don't we play badminton outside
M: I'd like to, but it's too cold today. Look, it's snowing ! It's all white. Do you like snow I think we can make a snowman now.
W: Let's go !
【分析】问题：接下来两位发言人要去做什么？根据"Do you like snow I think we can make a
snowman now." 你喜欢雪吗？我想我们现在可以堆雪人了。；以及" Let's go !" 我们走。可推知，接下来两位发言人要去玩雪，故选A。
【点评】考查短对话理解。注意留意转折信息，转折信息往往对话中的重要内容，因为它们可能改变句子的意思或引入新的信息。因此，在听录音时，要注意听清转折词，如"but"、"however"等，以便准确理解对话的含义。
【答案】6．A
7．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: The department store has reduced all its prices by forty percent during the sale. Don't you think it's time to replace our sofa We've had it for a long time!
M: Do you think so I think it's comfortable enough. What we really need is a proper lamp to go on the table next to the sofa. It's impossible to sit and read there at the moment.
W: Let's move one of the lamps down from the bedroom then. The blue one would look good on that table.
M: You're right.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕换家具一事展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意注意语气和语调，语气和语调可以传达说话者的情感和态度，有助于我们更好地理解对话的言外之意。在听录音时，要注意捕捉说话者的语气和语调变化，从而更全面地理解对话内容。
6．问题： 女发言人为什么想要换沙发？根据"Don't you think it's time to replace our sofa We've
had it for a long time!" 你不觉得是时候换个沙发了吗？我们用它已经很久了！ 可推知， 女发言人想要换沙发的原因是沙发太旧了，故选A。
7．问题：两位发言人一致同意什么？根据"Let's move one of the lamps down from the bedroom
then. The blue one would look good on that table. " 那我们就把卧室里的一盏台灯移下来吧。蓝色的那盏台灯放在那张桌子上会很好看。 ；以及"You're right." 你说得对。 可推知，两位发言人一致同意把台灯放在桌子上，故选C。
【答案】8．B
9．C
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: The sharing economy is really convenient for me.
M: Oh, really
W: Yes, I guess I can't live without it. I ride a shared bike to work every day. And when my mobile phone is dead, I'd like to use the shared charger. Sometimes when it rains while I don't have an umbrella, I would rent a shared umbrella.
M: Speaking of that, I remember that last weekend I was outside when it rained hard suddenly. So I used a shared
umbrella. I held the umbrella for only ten minutes and then it was broken. I didn't know what happened.
W: Oh, you poor thing. Maybe you didn't do it in the right way. Let me teach you.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕使用共享产品展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意抓住关键信息，在听录音时，要注意抓住关键信息，如人名、地名、数字、时间等。这些信息往往是回答问题的关键所在，考生需要特别留意。同时，还要注意对话中的重点句子和段落，它们通常包含了对话的核心内容。注意转折与连接词，转折和连接词在听力长对话中扮演着重要的角色。它们不仅能够帮助考生理解对话的逻辑结构，还能提示重要信息的出现。因此，考生在听录音时，要特别注意这些词汇，以便更好地把握对话的整体意义。
8．问题： 男发言人上周末用了什么？根据"Speaking of that, I remember that last weekend I was
outside when it rained hard suddenly. So I used a shared umbrella. " 说到这个，我记得上周末我正在外面，突然下起了大雨。所以我使用了一把共享雨伞。 可推知，男发言人上周末用了一把共享雨伞，故选B。
9．问题：接下来女发言人要谈论什么？根据"I held the umbrella for only ten minutes and then it
was broken. I didn't know what happened." 我只撑了十分钟伞，它就坏了。我不知道发生了什么。 ；以及"Oh, you poor thing. Maybe you didn't do it in the right way. Let me teach you." 哦，你真可怜。可能是你没有用对方法。我来教你。 可推知，接下来女发言人要谈论使用共享产品的合适的方法，故选C。
【答案】10．C
11．B
12．A
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】M: Quick, quick, honey. Come and see.
W: What is it I'm making dinner, you know. This had better be important. Anything less than hidden treasure, I'll be annoyed.
M: Well, it's a bit like that. I knocked down part of this wall and look what I found.
W: What is it
M: It's a door. It must have been covered up a long time ago.
W: Will there be a room behind it
M: If there is, it must only be small.
W: Don't tell Kate and Susan—they will use it for hiding from us.
M: Living in this old house is like living in a castle. It seems to have so many secrets.
W: My sister's house used to be a shop. In one of the rooms, she found lots of old signs and products from the past.
M: That's what I like about these old places. They are so interesting.
W: It's true. New houses may be efficient but they have no character.
【分析】本段长对话围绕一对夫妇关于发现老房子的秘密展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意理解对话逻辑，听力长对话通常具有一定的逻辑结构，考生需要通过理解对话的逻辑来把握整体内容。要注意对话者之间的关系、对话的目的和背景等信息，以便更好地理解对话内容。注意排除干扰选项，在听力长对话中，干扰选项是常见的。考生要学会根据对话内容和题目要求排除这些干扰项，以便更准确地找到正确答案。在排除干扰项时，要注意对比各选项之间的差异和联系，找出与对话内容最符合的选项。
10．问题：男发言人发现了什么？根据"It's a door. "它是一扇门。故选C。
11．问题：两位发言人之间可能是什么关系？根据"Quick, quick, honey. Come and see." 快点，快点，亲爱的。过来看看。 ；以及"Don't tell Kate and Susan—they will use it for hiding from us." 别告诉凯特和苏珊——她们会用这个来躲我们的。 可推知，两位发言人是夫妻关系，故选B。
12．问题：两位发言人在哪里？根据"Living in this old house is like living in a castle." 住在这个老房子里就像住在城堡里一样。 可推知，两位发言人在一间屋子里，故选A。
【答案】13．C
14．A
15．B
16．B
【知识点】长对话
【解析】【听力原文】W: Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson. Thanks again for joining us, Mr. Wilson.
M: Oh, it's my pleasure. And please call me Mike.
W: OK, Mike, you've been cooking since you were a child, and you've been a professional chef for over twenty years. What is it about cooking that you love so much
M: It's the best way for people to communicate, in my opinion. You don't need language. You don't have to have anything in common. It's easy to make new friends when you share a meal together.
W: So, what are some of the differences in the food of different countries
M: Well, in the West, people eat a lot of bread, while in Asia, rice and noodles are more common. Beef is very common in countries like the United States, but it's not as popular in Northern Europe.
W: What do you think is the most important factor in cooking
M: I think that fresh local foods are the most important part of any type of cooking.
【分析】本段长对话主要围绕对一位著名的厨师的采访展开交谈。
【点评】考查长对话理解。注意抓住关键信息，在听录音时，要注意抓住关键信息，如人名、地名、数字、时间等。这些信息往往是回答问题的关键所在，考生需要特别留意。同时，还要注意对话中的重点句子和段落，它们通常包含了对话的核心内容。注意转折与连接词，转折和连接词在听力长对话中扮演着重要的角色。它们不仅能够帮助考生理解对话的逻辑结构，还能提示重要信息的出现。因此，考生在听录音时，要特别注意这些词汇，以便更好地把握对话的整体意义。
13．问题：男发言人正在做什么？根据"Our guest today is Chef Michael Wilson. Thanks again for
joining us, Mr. Wilson." 我们今天的嘉宾是Michael Wilson厨师。再次感谢您的参与，Wilson先生。 ；以及"Oh, it's my pleasure. And please call me Mike." 哦，这是我的荣幸。请叫我Mike。 可推知，男发言人正在进行采访，故选C。
14．问题：男发言人做饭多久了？根据"OK, Mike, you've been cooking since you were a child, and
you've been a professional chef for over twenty years." 好的，Mike，你从小就开始做饭，而且你已经做了超过二十年的专业厨师了。 可推知，男发言人从小就开始做饭，故选A。
15．问题：为什么男发言人提到米饭和面条？根据"So, what are some of the differences in the food
of different countries " 那么，不同国家的食物有哪些差异呢？ ；以及"Well, in the West,
people eat a lot of bread, while in Asia, rice and noodles are more common. " 嗯，在西方，人们吃很多面包，而在亚洲，米饭和面条更为常见。 可推知，男发言人提到米饭和面条是为了举例说明不同国家的食物的差异，故选B。
16．问题：根据男发言人的说法，烹饪中最重要的是什么？根据"I think that fresh local foods are the
most important part of any type of cooking." 我认为新鲜的地方食材是任何烹饪类型中最重要的部分。 可推知，男发言人认为新鲜的地方食材是任何烹饪类型中最重要的部分，故选B。
【答案】17．B
18．C
19．B
20．B
【知识点】独白
【解析】【听力原文】Hi, Cathy, this is Pitt. I heard that during the Chinese Spring Festival holiday you won't go back to your hometown in the States and will go to Germany for some traveling and then come back to China. I'm leaving you this voice message to invite you to come to our family's Chinese New Year's Eve dinner, say, on Feb. 4. My mother and I will start making dumplings around 4 p.m. and we'll probably start having dinner at 6 p.m. If you're interested in making dumplings, feel free to join us at 4 p.m. I'm afraid there will be very few buses or taxis running tomorrow afternoon. My father is happy to pick you up from your place. Just send me your address and tell me when you can come. After dinner, we will watch some Spring Festival shows on TV. The most interesting show starts at around 8 p.m. We usually stay up very late, so don't worry about staying too long. Just let me know when you want to go back to your place. Looking forward to your earliest reply.
【分析】本段独白主要围绕发言人邀请美国朋友Cathy到家一起过春节一事展开谈话。
【点评】考查独白理解。注意边听边记重要细节，由于听力独白通常较长，考生很难完全记住所有内容。因此，建议考生在听录音时，边听边记重要细节。可以使用简洁的符号或缩写来记录关键信息，以便在回答问题时能够迅速回忆起相关内容。注意借助上下文推测信息，在听力独白中，有些信息可能并不直接给出，但考生可以通过上下文进行推测。例如，根据前文提到的内容或语境，可以推断出某些未明确表述的信息或意图。注意问题排列与顺序，在回答问题时，要注意问题的排列和顺序。通常，问题的顺序与录音内容的顺序相匹配。因此，考生可以按照问题的顺序，依次寻找答案，避免遗漏或混淆。
17．问题：Cathy的国籍是什么？根据"Hi, Cathy, this is Pitt. I heard that during the Chinese Spring
Festival holiday you won't go back to your hometown in the States and will go to Germany
for some traveling and then come back to China. " 嗨，Cathy，我是Pitt。我听说在中国春节假期期间你不会回美国的老家，而是会去德国旅行，然后再回到中国。 可知，athy的国籍是美国，故选B。
18．问题：他们什么时候开始做饺子？根据"My mother and I will start making dumplings around
4 p.m. " 我妈妈和我会在下午四点左右开始包饺子。；以及"If you're interested in making
dumplings, feel free to join us at 4 p.m. " 如果你对包饺子感兴趣，请随时在下午四点加入我们。 可推知，他们将在下午四点左右开始做饺子，故选C。
19．问题：Cathy可能会怎么来发言人的家？根据"I'm afraid there will be very few buses or taxis
running tomorrow afternoon. My father is happy to pick you up from your place. "我恐怕明天下午运行的公交车或出租车会很少。我父亲很乐意去你那里接你。可推知，Cathy可能会乘坐发言人父亲的汽车来发言人家，故选B。
20．问题：发言人认为Cathy可能会担心什么？根据"We usually stay up very late, so don't worry
about staying too long. Just let me know when you want to go back to your place. " 我们通常熬夜到很晚，所以不用担心待得太久。只要告诉我你什么时候想回你那里就可以了。 可推知，发言人认为Cathy可能会担心待得太久，故选B。
【答案】21．A
22．B
23．D
24．B
25．D
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；人物传记类；应用文
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题和推理判断题两种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。
21．细节理解题。根据Joseph Lister (1827—1912)部分"English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. For this, he is often referred to as the father of modern surgery as his use of antiseptic greatly increased the kinds of operations that could be carried out. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。因此，他经常被称为现代外科之父，因为他使用的杀菌剂大大增加了可以进行的手术种类。)"可知，约瑟夫·李斯特因他的贡献而常被称为现代外科手术之父。故选A。
22．细节理解题。根据Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中"Although he was questioned by the scientific establishment, his healthy eating ideas took off and helped create a diet of processed bread, meat and carbs (碳水化合物). The healthy eating trends he established have continued to grow in popularity with more scientific research showing the health benefits of such a diet. (尽管他受到了科学界的质疑，但他的健康饮食理念得到了普及，并帮助创造了一种由加工面包、肉类和碳水化合物组成的饮食。随着越来越多的科学研究表明这种饮食对健康的好处，他所建立的健康饮食趋势继续受到欢迎。)"可知，比歇尔·本纳的贡献在于他树立了健康饮食的风尚。故选B。
23．细节理解题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中"English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open (英国物理学家(Peter Mansfield )，与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)"可知， Peter Mansfield 与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。故选D。
24．推理判断题。根据Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中"English surgeon (外科医生) Lister pioneered the use of antiseptic (防腐的) and antiseptic surgery which greatly improved survival rates from major surgery. (英国外科医生李斯特率先使用防腐剂和消毒手术，大大提高了大手术的存活率。)"、Maximilian Bircher-Benner (1867—1939)部分中"Bircher-Benner was a pioneering Swiss physician and nutritionist. (比歇尔·本纳是瑞士医生和营养学家的先驱。)"、Paracelsus (1493—1541)部分中"Swiss-German physician and leading health reformer. (瑞士-德国医生和主要的卫生改革者。)"、Peter Mansfield (1933—2017)部分中"English physicist who with Peter Lauterbur helped to develop magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) which gets doctors to see inside a patient's body without needing to cut it open.(英国物理学家，他与彼得·劳特伯帮助开发了磁共振成像（MRI），使医生无需切开就能看到病人体内的情况。)"可知，约瑟夫·李斯特和彼得·曼斯菲尔德来自英国，马克西米利安·比歇尔·本纳是瑞士人，帕拉塞尔苏斯是瑞士-德国人。因此，他们主要来自欧洲。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据第一段"Throughout human history, there is a bottomless well of people who made great contributions so that we can now enjoy a better life. The following are, just four of those great minds. (在整个人类历史上，有无数的人做出了巨大的贡献，所以我们现在可以享受更好的生活。以下是其中的四位伟人。)"可知，文章介绍的是为人类可以享受更好生活做出杰出贡献的四个伟大人物，故这四个人物的共同之处在于他们为了人类可以享受更好的生活做出了杰出贡献。故选D。
【答案】26．C
27．C
28．A
29．D
30．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；故事阅读类；记叙文
【解析】【分析】本文是记叙文。文章主要讲述了73岁的Catia Lattouf de Arida作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题，词义猜测题和主旨大意题四种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。词义猜测题的解题方法包括利用指代关系、定义、定语、文章中的举例、比较的词语、构词法知识、上下文语境、因果关系来推测词义。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
26．细节理解题。根据第一段"As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. (作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟照顾者，她把大部分空闲时间和资源都花在了照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)"可知，Catia忙于照顾蜂鸟。故选C。
27．主旨大意题。根据第二段中"She managed to nurse Gucci back to health, but she said it was Gucci that saved her. Why Because the hummingbird managed to pull her out of the sadness and loneliness that had taken over her life. (她设法护理Gucci恢复健康，但她说是Gucci救了她。为什么？因为蜂鸟成功地将她从占据她生活的悲伤和孤独中拉了出来。)"可知，Catia Lattouf de Arida救了蜂鸟，同时蜂鸟也把她从悲伤和孤独中拯救出来，由此可知，帮助别人就是在帮助我们自己。故选C。
28．词义猜测题。根据划线单词上文"Word of her success spread among Catia's friends, and before long some of them began bringing her injured hummingbirds. (她成功的消息在卡蒂亚的朋友们中传开，不久之后，他们中的一些人开始给她带来受伤的蜂鸟。)"和下文"She began to study the bird and their habits in order to better take care of them, and after 11 years of experience, the 73-year-old woman is considered an expert on hummingbirds. (为了更好地照顾它们，她开始研究蜂鸟和它们的习性，经过11年的经验，这位73岁的女士被认为是蜂鸟方面的专家)"可知，一些人给她带来受伤的蜂鸟，她应该是没有拒绝他们，接受了这些蜂鸟，因为下文提到她照顾这些蜂鸟，并开始研究它们的习性。由此可知，划线单词意为"拒绝"，与A项"Refuse (拒绝)"意思一样。故选A。
29．细节理解题。根据最后一段中"In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. That's when the need for her nursing services really blew up. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattouf de Arid开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎。就在那时，对她的护理服务的需求真正爆发了)"可知，在媒体上分享了这些鸟的视频后，Catia的护理服务量急剧增加，故选D。
30．推理判断题。根据第一段中"That's where 73-year-old Catia Lattouf de Arida comes in. As a self-taught hummingbird care-taker, she devotes most of her free time and resources to nursing the tiny birds back to health. (这就是73岁的Catia Lattouf de Arida发挥作用的地方。作为一名自学成才的蜂鸟看护者，她将大部分空闲时间和资源投入到照顾这些小鸟恢复健康上)"可知，Catia很有爱心。根据最后一段中"In order to raise awareness of the difficult situation of hummingbirds in Mexico, Catia Lattouf de Arida started posting videos of the patients in her Mexico City apartment on social media, and many of them became popular. (为了提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，Catia Lattouf de Arida开始在社交媒体上发布她在墨西哥城公寓中照顾这些蜂鸟的视频，其中许多视频广受欢迎)"可知，她致力于提高人们对墨西哥蜂鸟困境的认识，这说明她很有责任心。故选B。
【答案】31．C
32．A
33．B
34．D
35．B
【知识点】推理判断题；细节理解题；段落大意；说明文；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。
【点评】考查阅读理解。本篇文章涉及细节理解题，推理判断题和主旨大意题三种题型。细节理解题要求考生能在快速阅读文章的同时，从中获取某些特定的直接信息或理解特定信息的意义。做细节理解题时，要根据题干中的关键词，找准相关句、段的内容，再仔细对照，不符合原文意义的选项要首先排除，反之，则是正确选项。做推理判断题时，要求考生不能凭主观臆断推测或妄加猜测，必须忠实于原文，以材料所提供的相关事实和线索为依据，使做出的推理合乎文意。需要注意：审清题目要求；锁定关键信息；挖掘隐含信息；排除干扰选项；把握语境情感；逻辑推理分析。做主旨大意题时，要求考生抓住每段或每个层次的主要含义进行加工、提炼，通过对语篇结构的分析即对文章内部各层次间的逻辑关系的分析，将每段的主题综合起来，找出文章的中心。
31．主旨大意题。根据第二段"The first simple 2D avatars appeared in role-playing computer games in the 1980s. Yet, very few people knew that future avatars would have such a wide variety of forms and uses. By the late 1990s, they had been used in web chats.(第一个简单的2D化身出现在20世纪80年代的角色扮演电脑游戏中。然而，很少有人知道未来的化身会有如此广泛的形式和用途。到20世纪90年代末，它们已被用于网络聊天)"可知，第二段的主旨是虚拟形象的发展。故选C。
32．推理判断题。根据第三段"When Internet users realized that their avatars would be seen by many people, not just their friends, they started having more than one avatar.(当互联网用户意识到他们的头像会被很多人看到，而不仅仅是他们的朋友，他们开始拥有不止一个头像)"可知，公众的更多关注让人们有了更多的头像。故选A。
33．推理判断题。根据第四段"Of course, the avatar you choose says a lot about your personality. If your blog avatar is a picture of a cute cat, your message is "like relaxing and having fun". Well-known cartoon characters or laughing monkeys say "I'm a really funny person". Most people create avatars that have similar features to their personalities and that look more or less like them and act like them. However, people obviously make their avatars look better than they do in real life.(当然，你所选择的头像也能反映出你的个性。如果你的博客头像是一只可爱的猫的照片，你的信息是"喜欢放松和快乐"。著名的卡通人物或会笑的猴子会说"我是一个非常有趣的人"。大多数人创建的虚拟形象与他们的个性有相似的特征，看起来或多或少像他们，行为也像他们。然而，人们显然会让他们的虚拟形象看起来比现实生活中更好)"可知，作者在第4段中通过举例表达他的观点。故选B。
34．细节理解题。根据最后一段"The use of several avatars can also be a risk, as people can use avatars to cheat others online.(同时使用多个虚拟形象也有风险，因为人们可以使用虚拟形象在网上欺骗他人)"可知，使用虚拟形象的主要顾虑是用户可能在网上被其他人欺骗。故选D。
35．推理判断题。根据第一段"When you are online, you can be anyone or anything. You can create your own image and a new personality. These digital identities are known as avatars (化身).(当你在线时，你可以是任何人或任何事。你可以创造自己的形象和新的个性。这些数字身份被称为化身)"结合文章主要介绍了虚拟形象的发展以及存在的问题等情况。可知，文章来自杂志。故选B。
【答案】36．D；37．F；38．E；39．A；40．C
【知识点】说明文；七选五；社会现象类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍了人们使用网络密码的现状并提出了应对措施。
【点评】考查任务型阅读（七选五）。解题时，要求考生注意通读整篇文章，把握整段脉络，理出文章的中心，分析段落之间和段落内部的层次。选项与前后句之间的逻辑关系是确定答案的主要依据。可以从意思、关键词、关联词来分析段落之间以及段落内部的逻辑关系。七选五解题的一些实用技巧如下。第一，快速浏览全文，把握文章主旨。在开始解题前，快速浏览全文，了解文章的大致内容和主题，有助于更好地理解和判断每个选项的合适性。第二，注意段首句和段尾句。段首句往往是对整段的概括或引入，而段尾句则常常是对该段的总结或结论。因此，关注这些句子有助于我们快速了解段落的主旨，从而更好地选择答案。第三，利用上下文语境和逻辑关系进行推断。在选择答案时，要仔细阅读上下文，寻找与选项相关的线索和信息，如关联词、同义词、反义词等。同时，也要根据逻辑关系进行推断，如因果、转折、并列等，从而确定正确答案。第四，排除法也是一种有效的解题方法。当面对多个选项时，可以先排除与文章主旨或上下文不符的选项，然后再根据剩余选项的内容进行比较和选择。
36．上文"If you use "123456", "password'' or "qwerty" as a password, you're probably aware that you're at the risk of being attacked by hackers (黑客). But you're not alone. (如果你使用‘23456'、‘password'或‘qwerty'作为密码，你可能已经意识到你有被黑客攻击的风险。但你并不孤单)"说明人们最常使用的密码形式，D项"这些是世界上最流行的密码中的一些。"承接上文，指出上文中提到的密码是非常流行的密码，符合语境，选项中"These"指代上文提及的密码样例。故选D。
37．下文"In the UK, "liverpool" was the third most popular password, with 224,160 hits, while the name of Chilean football club "colocolo" was used by 15,748 people in Chile, making it the fifth most common choice.(在英国，‘利物浦'是第三大热门密码，点击量为224160次，而智利足球俱乐部‘科洛科洛'的名字在智利有15748人使用，是第五大热门密码)"列举了两支著名的球队名称，说明足球相关的词汇也会被设置为密码，空处应讲述有些国家的人的密码设置受到喜欢的球队的影响；F项"一些国家的人们从足球队中获得灵感。"与下文描述一致，符合题意。故选F。
38．空处是本段的主旨句，下文"Women tend to use more positive and affectionate (深情的) words and phrases such as "sunshine" or "I love you", while men often use sports-related passwords.(女性倾向于使用更积极、更深情的单词和短语，比如‘阳光'或‘我爱你'，而男性则经常使用与体育相关的密码)"说明本段主要讲述男性和女性在设置密码上的差异；E项"报告还反映了不同性别的偏好。"与本段描述内容一致，适合作为段落主旨句。故选E。
39．上文"But we know people continue to choose weak passwords and often don't manage them securely. (但我们知道，人们继续选择易破的密码，而且通常不会安全地管理它们)"说明人们选择不安全密码，并且通常没有安全管理密码；A项"因此，他们将自己置于潜在的网络安全威胁之下。"介绍使用不安全密码的后果，承接上文，符合题意。故选A。
40．下文"For example, two-factor authentication (2FA) and multi-factor authentication (MFA) methods are good ways to secure your accounts. These methods combine a password with biometric information (for example, a face scan or fingerprint) or something distinguishable, like a captcha (验证码 ).(例如，双因素身份验证（2FA）和多因素身份验证（MFA）方法是保护您的帐户的好方法。这些方法将密码与生物识别信息（例如，面部扫描或指纹）或其他可识别的信息（如验证码)结合起来）"举例说明保护个人信息的方法，C项"此外，还有其他方法可以保护您的个人信息。"介绍有保护个人信息的其他方法，引出下文的例子，符合题意。故选C。
【答案】41．C；42．D；43．C；44．A；45．A；46．B；47．C；48．A；49．B；50．B；51．B；52．D；53．A；54．B；55．D
【知识点】名词辨析；动词的词义辨析；动词短语的辨析；说明文；人物传记类
【解析】【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍中国的"小麦之母"张道荣和她的团队努力拼搏培育新小麦品种的事迹。
【点评】考查完形填空。首先要通读一遍文章，跳过缺失的单词，再根据上下文来判断所缺失的单词的含义，最后对选项进行对比分析，选出正确选项。完形填空是英语考试中常见的一种题型，旨在测试学生的语言综合运用能力。一些实用的解题策略如下。一、通读全文，把握大意。在开始答题之前，应先通读全文，了解文章的主题和大致内容。这样有助于理解作者的意图，把握文章的整体思路，为后续的填空选择提供正确的方向。二、仔细分析，逐一排查。对于每一个空，要仔细分析所给的选项，逐一排查，选出最符合文意的答案。通常情况下，完形填空中会有几个空白需要填写形容词、副、名词等，要注意所填的词要与句子前后内容相符。三、结合上下文，理解语义。有时候仅从一个空所在的句子很难确定正确的答案，这时需要结合上下文，理解整体的语义环境。通过对前后的语境分析，确定一个合理的答案。四、注意语法结构。完形填空中涉及的语法知识较多，如时态、语态、词性等。在选择答案时，要仔细考虑语法结构是否正确。五、积累词汇，提高语言基础。要想在完形填空中取得好成绩，平时的词汇积累非常重要。建议学生多阅读英文文章，扩大词汇量，提高语言基础。
41．句意：张道荣在过去的26年里培育了13个小麦新品种，为国家粮食安全做出了贡献，做到了两件事。A. advertising打广告；B. discussing讨论；C. cultivating培育；D. observing观察，遵循。根据"13 new varieties of wheat"可知，是培育小麦。故选C。
42．句意：这位被称为"小麦之母"的50岁女性是襄阳市襄阳农业科学院的一名研究员。A. journalist记者；B. manager经理；C. teacher教师；D. researcher研究者。根据上文"who has spent the last 26 years____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security"推知，张道荣是一位研究小麦的研究员。故选D。
43．句意：对新品种的研究需要严格的标准和精确的实验。A. simple简单的；B. efficient高效的；C. precise精确的；D. expensive昂贵的。呼应"strict standards"此处指精确的实验。故选C。
44．句意："第一步是找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型。然后我们尝试杂交组合，"张解释道。A. step步骤；B. attempt企图；C. method方法；D. question问题。根据"to find suitable parental types for a specific cultivation purpose"和常识可知，找到适合特定培养目的的父本和母本类型是培育新品种的第一步。故选A。
45．句意："经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。"A. trial试验；B. support支持；C. management管理；D. encouragement鼓励。根据常识可知，培育新品种需要经过（植物）几代的试验和选择，才能选出最优的。故选A。
46．句意："经过几代的试验和选择，当特性保持稳定时，我们开始了为期两年的产量测试和疾病鉴定过程。"A. nearby在附近；B. begin开始；C. continue继续；D. repeat重复。结合上文提到选出最优品种和"a two-year process of yield testing and disease identification."可知，接下来就应该开始产量测试和疾病鉴定。故选B。
47．句意：经过几轮测试后，可以申请评估，批准用于市场生产。A. practice练习；B. appliance家用电器；C. application申请；D. invitation邀请。根据"And after several more rounds of tests"可知，几轮测试合格后，可以申请评估。故选C。
48．句意：她补充道："一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。"A. variety种类 ；B. machine机器；C. farmland农田；D. environment环境。根据上文"Zhang Daorong, who has spent the last 26 years____1____ 13 new varieties of wheat and contributing to national food security, has done both."可知，此处是指一个新的种类。故选A。
49．句意：她补充道："一般来说，一个好的新品种应该产量高，产量稳定，并对恶劣条件表现出良好的抵抗力。"A. produce生产，产生；B. show表明，表现；C. enhance加强；D. develop发展。根据"good resistance to bad conditions"可知，此处指新品种要表现出良好的抵抗力。故选B。
50．句意："此外，它也应该被市场所接受。"A. However然而；B. Besides此外；C. Therefore因此；D. Otherwise否则。结合"it also should be accepted by the market"可知，此处是对上文的补充说明，用besides符合题意。故选B。
51．句意：张补充说，该团队每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。A. watered浇水；B. planted种植；C. protected保护；D. bought购买。结合该团队培育新品种的事实以及"70,000 to 80,000 seedlings (幼苗) each year."可知，此处是指每年种植7万至8万株幼苗。故选B。
52．句意：一年四季，他们都忙于对新苗的生长进行实验，并进行记录和分析。A. reporting报道；B. designing设计；C. studying学习，研究；D. conducting进行。根据"experiments on the growth of the new seedlings"可知，此处是指进行实验。故选D。
53．句意：农业研究工作既艰巨又复杂。A. tough棘手的，艰难的；B. normal正常的；C. varied变异的；D. specific具体的。根据"complicated"并结合上文提到他们一次又一次的试验可知，农业研究是艰巨且复杂的。故选A。
54．句意：有时你的努力没有回报。A. end up结束；B. pay off回报；C. break up破裂；D. let down使失望。根据上文"Agricultural research work is____13____ and complicated."可知，农业研究的特点可能导致有时研究人员的付出是没有回报的。故选B。
55．句意：那么，我们所能做的就是多思考、多讨论，并在土地上找到答案。A. courage勇气；B. comfort安慰；C. dreams梦，梦想；D. answers答案。上文提到有时付出可能没有回报再结合"think more, discuss more"可知，只能多思考多讨论，在土地上找到答案，即如何才能培育出优质的新品种。故选D。
【答案】56．frequently；57．unavoidable；58．to reduce；59．which/that；60．upper；61．where；62．or；63．After；64．dangers/danger；65．be polluted
【知识点】说明文；副词的用法；形容词的用法；社会现象类；自然地理类
【解析】【分析】本文是一篇说明文。洪水是一种常见且具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人，本文介绍了洪水到来的时候的几个注意事项。
【点评】考查语法填空。本题考点涉及名词，形容词，连词，介词，副词，语态，非谓语动词，宾语从句以及定语从句等多个知识点的考查。要求考生在理解细节信息的基础上，进一步根据上下文的逻辑关系，并结合相关语法知识，进行分析推理，从而写出正确的单词形式。语法填空实用解题策略如下。一、分析句子结构。在面对语法填空题时，首先要做的是分析句子的结构。观察句子中的主语、谓语、宾语等主要成分，以及是否有从句、非谓语动词等复杂结构。通过理解句子结构，可以更好地把握填空处所需的词性和功能。二、确定词性变化。根据句子结构和语境，确定填空处所需的词性。然后，根据语法规则，考虑所需的词性是否需要进行变化，如名词的单复数、动词的时态和语态、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级等。确保所填词汇在语法上与句子其他部分相匹配。三、牢记固定搭配。英语中存在大量的固定搭配和短语，这些搭配在语法填空题中经常出现。因此，需要牢记常见的固定搭配和短语，以便在解题时能够迅速识别并正确填空。四、注意时态语态。时态和语态是英语语法填空的重要考点。在解题时，要注意根据句子的语境和上下文，判断所需动词的时态和语态。同时，也要注意时态和语态的一致性，确保所填词汇与句子的时态和语态相符。五、理解上下文语境。语境对于语法填空题的解答至关重要。通过理解句子的上下文，可以更好地理解填空处所需的词汇和语法结构。因此，在解题时，要仔细阅读句子的前后文，把握句子的整体意义，以便更好地填空。六、利用常识和逻辑。在某些情况下，可以利用常识和逻辑来解答语法填空题。例如，根据常识判断所填词汇是否符合常理，或者根据逻辑判断所填词汇是否与前后的句子内容相符合。通过利用常识和逻辑，可以更加准确地填空。七、多做练习总结。最后，多做练习是提高语法填空解题能力的有效途径。通过大量的练习，我们可以熟悉各种题型和考点，提高解题速度和准确率。同时，也要及时总结错题原因，分析解题思路和方法，以便更好地掌握语法填空题的解题技巧。
56．句意：洪水是一种常见且经常具有破坏性的自然事件，每年影响全球约2.5亿人。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作状语，修饰形容词，使用副词，故填frequently。
57．句意：尽管洪水的原因——通常是暴雨或融雪——是不可避免的，但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同。根据下文"knowledge of the correct procedures before, during and after a flood can make a difference.( 但了解洪水之前、期间和之后的正确程序会有所不同)"可知上文说的是洪水发生的原因不可避免，空处应填avoidable的反义词，需在avoidable前面加上前缀un表示相反的含义，故填unavoidable。
58．句意：在洪水发生之前，我们必须努力降低对人们及其贵重物品的风险。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作状语表示目的，应使用动词不定式，故填to reduce。
59．句意：首先，你应该准备灾难物资，包括光源、睡袋、保暖衣物，最重要的是，至少三天的食物和饮用水。分析句子结构，这是一个包含先行词为disaster supplies的限定性定语从句的复合句，空处在定语从句中指物作主语，使用that或which引导定语从句，故填which/that。
60．句意：其次，你应该把最重要的物品放到你房子里高一点的位置。根据语境，此处建议将家里最贵重的物品放在比原来的位置高一点的位置，应使用形容词的比较级，故填upper。
61．句意：在洪水期间，立即离开你所在的地方是很重要的。分析句子结构，这是一个包含宾语从句的复合句，空处在宾语从句中作地点状语，使用where引导宾语从句，故填where。
62．句意：不要在流动的洪水中行走或开车，因为只有15厘米的流动水就足以将一名成年人撞倒，60厘米的水可以冲走大多数汽车。根据上文"Don't walk(不要走路)"以及下文"drive(开车)"可知上下文为选择关系，应使用表示选择关系的连词，故填or。
63．句意：洪水过后，听听官方新闻报道，看看什么时候可以安全回家。根据下文"find out when it's safe to return to your home(看看什么时候可以安全回家)"可知，可以安全回家，说明洪水已经过去了，空处应填表示"之后"含义的介词after，单词位于句首，首字母大写，故填After。
64．句意：在你回家的时候，要小心可能的危险。分析句子结构，空处在句子中作宾语，使用名词danger，表示"危险"，既可以表示抽象名词，为不可数名词，也可以作可数名词，应用复数形式表示泛指，故填dangers/danger。
65．句意：远离洪水，因为它可能被污染，触摸不安全。分析句子结构，空白处在句子中作谓语，且与主语之间为被动关系，使用被动语态，因空处前面已经有情态动词may，空处填be+过去分词，故填be polluted。
66．【答案】extinction
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：随着人类活动的持续影响，面临灭绝危险的物种名单变得更长。extinct，灭绝的，形容词。空处在句中作介词of的宾语，空处表示"灭绝"，extinction，不可数名词，符合语境。故填extinction。
【点评】考查名词extinction的识记运用，词性转化以及名词作介词宾语。注意：注意：首先通读句子，理解句子的整体意思和语境，再根据句子的语法结构和上下文语境，判断空格处应填入的词性是否为名词，如果空处应填入名词，根据句子的要求和提示词，确定名词的具体形式（如单复数、所有格等）。检查名词与冠词、代词、形容词等的搭配是否正确，将确定好的名词形式填入空格处，并检查句子的语法和语义是否正确。
67．【答案】allowing
【知识点】动词现在分词；分词
【解析】【分析】句意：结果，森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面，从而使它们以令人难以置信的速度生长。allow，允许，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作状语，此处"它们以令人难以置信的速度生长"是由"森林里的大部分营养物质都被植物锁在里面"自然而然所造成的，故空处应用现在分词做结果状语。故填allowing。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（现在分词做结果状语）。注意：现在分词做结果状语时所表示的动作是由主句所表示的动作自然而然所造成的。而动词不定式做结果状语时，表示出乎意料的结果。解题时要注意分析句子内部语义上的逻辑关系，结合具体语境确定正确的非谓语。
68．【答案】economically
【知识点】副词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：我们必须在环境和经济上实现平衡。 economy ，经济，不可数名词。空处在句中与environmentally并列作状语修饰动词achieve，空处表示"在经济上，经济地"，economically，副词，符合语境。故填economically。
【点评】考查副词economically的识记运用，词性转化以及副词作状语修饰动词。注意：在填空时，要仔细阅读上下文，理解句子的整体意思和语境，这有助于确定所需填入的词性及其具体形式。关注句子中的转折、因果、并列等逻辑关系词，它们有助于我们理解句子各成分之间的关系，从而更准确地确定所需填入的词性。
69．【答案】to find
【知识点】动词不定式
【解析】【分析】句意：他们到达机场，却发现由于暴风雪，航班被取消了。 find，发现，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中作状语，动词find与其逻辑主语They构成逻辑上的主动关系，且此处表示出乎意料的结果，故空处应用动词不定式做结果状语。故填to find。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（动词不定式做结果状语）。注意：在解题时，首先要识别出句子中的动词不定式是否表示出乎意料的结果。这通常需要通过上下文和语境来判断。虽然"only to"这样的结构常用于强调意外结果，但也要注意其他连词或短语（如"but to", "never to"等）可能具有类似的用法。然而，并非所有与动词不定式结合的连词都表示意外结果，因此需要仔细分析。动词不定式做结果状语表示出乎意料的结果时，往往伴随着一定的情感色彩。在解题时，要注意分析这种情感色彩，以便更准确地理解句子的含义。
70．【答案】relief
【知识点】固定短语；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：令她大为宽慰的是，军官立刻意识到即将来临的危险。to one's+情绪名词是固定搭配，表示"令某人……的是"，因此空处填不可数名词relief"宽慰"作宾语。to one's relief"令某人宽慰的是"。故填relief。
【点评】考查名词以及固定短语to one's relief"令某人宽慰的是"。
71．【答案】destructive
【知识点】作前置定语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：台风是发生在西北太平洋的破坏性风暴。destroy，毁灭，动词。空处在句中做前置定语修饰名词storm，空处表示"破坏性的"，destructive，形容词，符合语境。故填destructive。
【点评】考查形容词destructive的识记运用，词性转化以及形容词做前置定语修饰名词。注意：首先，明确句子的主语、谓语、宾语等基本成分，判断空格在句子中的位置。根据句子结构和上下文语境，判断空格处应填入的词性。若空格处需填形容词作前置定语，则进一步分析应填形容词的具体内容和含义，根据上下文语境和句意，选择最符合句意的形容词。注意形容词的褒贬义和感彩。
72．【答案】informed
【知识点】分词；动词过去分词
【解析】【分析】句意：听收音机让自己知道发生了什么事。 inform，通知，动词。空处为非谓语且在句中做宾语补足语，动词inform与其逻辑主语yourself构成逻辑上的被动关系，故空处应用过去分词作宾语补足语。故填informed。
【点评】考查非谓语动词（过去分词做宾语补足语）。注意：过去分词作宾语补足语时，与其逻辑主语（即宾语）构成逻辑上的被动关系。
73．【答案】arrangements
【知识点】可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：当你想去度假时，你可以在电脑前安排你所有的旅行。arrange，安排/筹备，动词。空处在句中作宾语，空处表示"安排"，arrangement，可数名词，空处被all修饰，故空处宾语应用可数名词arrangement的复数形式。故填arrangements。
【点评】考查名词arrangement的识记运用，词性转化以及可数名词的复数形式变化。注意：在解题时，要仔细阅读题干和句子，理解上下文含义，是准确拼写单词的关键。通过分析句子结构和逻辑关系，可以确定所需单词的具体含义和词性，从而避免拼写错误。
74．【答案】responsibility
【知识点】不可数名词
【解析】【分析】句意：作为科学家，我们有责任宣布科学的价值。 responsible，负责任的，形容词。空处在句中做表语且被our修饰，空处表示"责任"，responsibility，不可数名词，符合语境。故填responsibility。
【点评】考查名词responsibility的识记运用以及词性转化。注意：掌握词性转化规则，包括名词转化为形容词，动词转化为形容词或副词，动词转化为形容词以及形容词转化为副词。 仔细阅读填空前后的句子，寻找与填空处相关的线索，如提示词、限定词（如a, an, the, some, many等）、动词类型（如及物动词后常接宾语）等。这些线索有助于缩小名词的选择范围。 理解句子的整体意思，结合常识和词汇知识，选择语义上最合适的名词。同时，注意名词与其他词语的搭配习惯，避免使用不恰当的组合。
75．【答案】prepared
【知识点】作前置定语；形容词的用法
【解析】【分析】句意：幸运总是垂青有准备的人。 prepare，准备，动词。空处在句中做前置定语修饰名词mind，空处表示"准备好的"，prepared，形容词，符合语境。故填prepared。
【点评】考查形容词prepared的识记运用以及形容词做前置定语修饰名词。注意：根据句子结构和上下文语境，判断空格处应填入的词性。若空格处需填形容词作前置定语，则进一步分析应填形容词的具体内容和含义，根据上下文语境和句意，选择最符合句意的形容词。注意形容词的褒贬义和感彩。利用句子的上下文语境和逻辑关系，判断空格处应填入的形容词的具体含义和范围。有时，句子中的某些信息可能并未直接给出，但可以通过常识和语境推断出应填入的形容词。
76．【答案】We should work hand in hand to ensure factories develop in an environmentally friendly way./We need to work hand in hand to ensure the factory develops in a green way.
【知识点】介词加名词；动词的固定搭配；宾语从句的语序；宾语从句的时态；汉译英
【解析】【分析】1. 主句部分。主语："我们"，we，人称代词主格，位于句首，首字母应大写；谓语："应该 作"或者"需要工作"，should work/need to work；状语："手牵手"， hand in hand ，副词短语，作方式状语修饰谓语动词；目的状语："为了确保"， to ensure 。2. 从句部分。此处"确保"后面的内容可处理为省略that的宾语从句；主语："工厂"，factories/the factory；谓语："发展"，develop/develops；方式状语："以环保的方式"，in an environmentally friendly way/in a green way。故翻译为We should work hand in hand to ensure factories develop in an environmentally friendly way./We need to work hand in hand to ensure the factory develops in a green way.
【点评】考查汉译英，宾语从句，非谓语动词（动词不定式做目的状语），副词短语和介词短语作状语。注意：理解原文是翻译的第一步。在动手翻译之前，务必仔细阅读原文，准确理解其含义。这包括识别原文中的关键词、短语和句子结构，以及把握整体的语义和逻辑关系。只有深入理解原文，才能为后续的翻译工作打下坚实的基础。语境和语气对于翻译的准确性至关重要。在翻译过程中，要充分考虑原文的语境和语气，以确保译文能够传达出相同的情感色彩和语气特点。例如，原文是陈述句、疑问句还是感叹句，以及是否带有讽刺、幽默等语气，都需要在译文中得到体现。
77．【答案】It immediately occurred to her that these were signs of an approaching tsunami.
【知识点】一般过去时；主谓一致；固定句式；汉译英；不可数名词
【解析】【分析】表示"某人突然想到"用固定句型it occurs to sb. that..,，其中it为形式主语，that引导主语从句，其中occur to sb."（主意或想法突然）浮现于……脑中，被……想到"，其中to为介词，事情发生在过去，故时态用一般过去时，谓语用过去式occurred；表示"突然"用副词immediately，作状语，修饰occurred；表示"她"用her，作to的宾语。主语从句中：表示"这些"用these，作
