2025届高考语法填空学案（三）虚拟语气与情态动词专项突破（表格式，含答案）
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| 名称 | 2025届高考语法填空学案（三）虚拟语气与情态动词专项突破（表格式，含答案） |  | |
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| 资源类型 | 教案 | ||
| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-06 15:57:12 | ||
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学案名称 高考语法填空学案（三）虚拟语气与情态动词专项突破
使用时间 _____年_____月_____日 建议课时 3课时
学习目标 1. 掌握虚拟语气在条件句、建议类动词及特殊句型中的核心用法。 2. 理解情态动词（may/might, must, should, can/could）在不同语境中的表意功能。 3. 能够在复杂句式中准确判断虚拟语气与情态动词的适用场景。
重难点 重点：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的时态变化，情态动词表推测的逻辑差异。 难点：虚拟语气的省略倒装、含蓄虚拟语气、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。
课堂导入 问题引导： 阅读句子： "___ I known about the meeting earlier, I ___ attended it." 提问： 第一空应填什么？为什么？ 第二空应使用什么形式？ 目标：通过实例引发思考，引导学生理解虚拟语气的省略倒装结构。
自学学案与课堂互动部分学案 备注与笔记
知识点1：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 定义：虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的假设，分三种时间场景： 与现在事实相反：If + 过去式，主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”。 例：If I had (have) time now, I would help (help) you. （事实：我现在没有时间。） 与过去事实相反：If + 过去完成式，主句用“would/could/might + have + 过去分词”。 例：If she had studied (study) harder, she would have passed (pass) the exam. （事实：她之前没努力学习，考试未通过。） 与将来事实相反：If + should/were to + 动词原形，主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”。 例：If it should rain (rain) tomorrow, the event would be canceled (cancel). （事实：明天不太可能下雨。） 常见错误： 混淆时间场景的时态（如：用过去式描述过去事实相反的假设）。 填空练习（学生自主完成）： If he ___ (know) the truth, he ___ (not trust) her. （与____事实相反） If I ___ (take) your advice earlier, I ___ (avoid) this mistake. （与____事实相反） If she ___ (be) to resign, the team ___ (lose) its leader. （与___ _事实相反） 知识点2：虚拟语气的省略倒装 定义：在非真实条件句中，如果从句含有“were, had, should”，可以省略“if”并将这些词提到句首，形成倒装结构。 例：Were I you, I would apologize to her. （= If I were you, I would apologize to her.） 例：Had he known the truth, he would have acted differently. （= If he had known the truth, he would have acted differently.） 例：Should it rain tomorrow, the event would be canceled. （= If it should rain tomorrow, the event would be canceled.） 常见错误： 误用倒装结构（如：Were he knows → Were he to know。 填空练习： 4. ___ she ___ (be) more careful, the accident ___ (not happen). 5. ___ they ___ (arrive) on time, they ___ (catch) the train. 6. ___ you ___ (need) any help, please let me know. 知识点3：含蓄虚拟语气 定义：虚拟语气有时不通过“if”从句表达，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式暗示。 例：Without your help, I would have failed. （= If you hadn’t helped me, I would have failed.） 例：But for the rain, we would have gone hiking. （= If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone hiking.） 例：He would have succeeded, but he gave up too soon. （= If he hadn’t given up too soon, he would have succeeded.） 常见错误： 忽略含蓄虚拟语气的暗示词（如：without, but for, otherwise）。 填空练习： 7. ___ your advice, I ___ (make) a terrible mistake. 8. ___ the traffic jam, we ___ (arrive) on time. 9. He ___ (pass) the exam, but he didn’t study hard enough. 知识点4：错综时间虚拟条件句 定义：当条件句与主句的时间不一致时，需根据各自的时间调整时态： 例：If he had taken (take) the medicine yesterday, he would feel (feel) better now. （从句：与过去事实相反；主句：与现在事实相反。） 例：If she were (be) more confident, she would have applied (apply) for the job last week. （从句：与现在事实相反；主句：与过去事实相反。） 常见错误： 混淆时间场景的时态（如：用过去完成式描述现在事实相反的假设）。 填空练习： 10. If you ___ (not eat) so much last night, you ___ (not feel) sick now. 11. If he ___ (be) more experienced, he ___ (handle) the situation better yesterday. 12. If I ___ (know) about the meeting earlier, I ___ (attend) it now. 知识点5：建议类动词后的虚拟语气 定义：动词如suggest, insist, demand后的宾语从句需用“should + 动词原形”（should可省略）。 例：The doctor suggested that he quit (quit) smoking. 例：They demanded that the decision be (be) reconsidered. 常见错误： 误用陈述语气代替虚拟语气（如：He suggested that she goes → He suggested that she go）。 填空练习： 13. The teacher insisted that the students ___ (submit) their essays by Friday. 14. The committee recommended that the policy ___ (revise) immediately. 15. She demanded that her assistant ___ (arrive) on time for meetings. 知识点6：情态动词表推测的用法 定义：情态动词可表示不同程度的可能性: must：肯定推测（可能性极高）。 例：The ground is wet. It must have rained (rain) last night. might/could：可能性较低。 例：She might be (be) at the library, but I’m not sure can’t：否定推测（不可能）。 例：He can’t be (be) in Paris; I saw him an hour ago. 特殊形式： 情态动词 + have + 过去分词：对过去动作的推测。 例：They must have missed (miss) the train; otherwise, they would be here by now. 填空练习： 16. The lights are off. They ___ (go) to bed already. 17. The phone is ringing, but no one answers. She ___ (be) in the shower. 18. He ___ (not finish) the report yet; the deadline is still two days away. 【对比性练习】 1. If I _____ time, I _____ you. （真实条件句） If I _____ time, I _____ you. （虚拟语气，与现在事实相反） 2. He _____ be at home. （肯定推测） He _____be at home. （否定推测） 3. The boss suggested that we _____ (start) early. （虚拟语气） The boss said that we _____ (start) early. （陈述语气） 【课堂内容回顾】请梳理本节课的疑难知识点，以便巩固训练课时进行训练与巩固 学生15分钟根据学案内容进行预习 教师30分钟讲解并且与学生进行互动
巩固训练学案 备注与笔记
【知识框架搭建】请同学们搭建本节课的知识框架 【巩固训练】 单句语法填空（10题） If she ___ (attend) the meeting yesterday, she ___ (know) about the new policy, but she was on a business trip. The government insists that all citizens ___ (register) for the new health program by the end of this month. You ___ (not leave) your wallet at the café; I remember seeing it on your desk this morning. If the weather ___ (be) better last weekend, we ___ (go) hiking, but it rained heavily. The manager demanded that the report ___ (complete) before the deadline, so the team worked overtime. The museum is closed today. It ___ (renovate) for the next two weeks, according to the notice. If he ___ (listen) to the doctor’s advice, he ___ (recover) from the illness by now. The students suggested that the exam ___ (postpone) due to the sudden power outage. The package ___ (arrive) by now; it was sent express delivery three days ago. If you ___ (follow) the instructions carefully, this mistake ___ (avoid). She ___ (not see) the email yet; the server has been down since yesterday. The law requires that all vehicles ___ (equip) with safety devices by 2025. If I ___ (be) in your position, I ___ (negotiate) a better deal with the client. The CEO insisted that the company ___ (invest) more in renewable energy, despite the financial risks. The witness claimed that the suspect ___ (flee) the scene before the police arrived.. 单句语法填空·拔高练习 Had the government ___ (take) stricter measures earlier, the outbreak ___ (control) more effectively, but the delayed response caused chaos. The committee recommended that the controversial proposal ___ (withdraw) until further research ___ (conduct). The archaeologists speculated that the ancient artifact ___ (belong) to a royal family, given its intricate design. If the experiment ___ (yield) positive results, the team ___ (publish) their findings in a top journal, but the data was inconclusive. The contract stipulates that all parties ___ (sign) the agreement in the presence of a legal advisor to ensure its validity. 语篇语法填空（10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The proposal to build a new airport on the outskirts of the city 1 (spark) heated debates among residents and environmentalists. Many argue that if the project 2 (approve), it 3 (destroy) large areas of forest and disrupt local wildlife. “We demand that the government 4 (reconsider) this plan,” said a spokesperson for the environmental group. However, supporters claim that the airport 5 (boost) the economy and create thousands of jobs. They insist that all environmental concerns 6 (address) through advanced technology. “If we 7 (miss) this opportunity, the city 8 (lag) behind in regional development,” argued a business leader. Experts suggest that a thorough assessment 9 (conduct) before any decision 10 (make). “Balancing economic growth and environmental protection is crucial,” said an urban planner. 【检查目标是否达成】 学生能够深入理解虚拟语气与情态动词的复杂用法 （ ） 在单句与语篇中灵活应用 （ ） 强化语法填空实战能力。 （ ） 本节课结束后，教师会下发巩固训练学案的答案，有疑问的同学，可以对照解析进行进一步修改。祝同学们学习顺利！ 请同学们完成后进行小组讨论。请有展示任务的同学在黑板上书写你的答案。 拔高练习部分，难度较大。请英语A层级完成，其余同学可选做。
答案与解析（教师注意保留此部分）
单句语法填空
had attended; would have known
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
(should) register
解析：动词“insist”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。
can’t have left
解析：情态动词完成式表否定推测，“can’t have + 过去分词”表示“不可能做过某事”。
had been; would have gone
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
be completed
解析：动词“demand”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
is being renovated
解析：现在进行时被动语态，表示博物馆正在被翻新。
had listened; would have recovered
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
(should) be postponed
解析：动词“suggest”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
must have arrived
解析：情态动词完成式表肯定推测，“must have + 过去分词”表示“一定已经到达”。
had followed; could have been avoided
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“could have + 过去分词”。
might not have seen
解析：情态动词完成式表推测，“might not have + 过去分词”表示“可能尚未看到”。
(should) be equipped
解析：动词“require”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
were; would negotiate
解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去式（be动词用were），主句用“would + 动词原形”。
(should) invest
解析：动词“insist”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。
had fled
解析：过去完成时，表示“嫌疑人逃离”发生在“警察到达”之前。单句语法填空·拔高训练
单句语法填空·拔高训练
taken; would have been controlled
解析：省略if的倒装虚拟语气，“Had the government taken”相当于“If the government had taken”，主句用“would have been controlled”。
(should) be withdrawn; (should) be conducted
解析：动词“recommend”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，“until”后的从句同理。
might have belonged
解析：情态动词完成式表推测，“might have + 过去分词”表示“可能属于”。
had yielded; would have published
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
(should) sign
解析：动词“stipulate”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。
语篇语法填空
has sparked
解析：现在完成时，表示提案已引发持续至今的争议。
were approved
解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去式。
would destroy
解析：主句用“would + 动词原形”表虚拟结果。
(should) reconsider
解析：动词“demand”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。
would boost
解析：情态动词表推测，支持者认为机场会促进经济。
be addressed
解析：动词“insist”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
miss
解析：条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
will lag
解析：主句为直接引语中的预测，需用一般将来时。
(should) be conducted
解析：动词“suggest”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。
is made
解析：时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
使用时间 _____年_____月_____日 建议课时 3课时
学习目标 1. 掌握虚拟语气在条件句、建议类动词及特殊句型中的核心用法。 2. 理解情态动词（may/might, must, should, can/could）在不同语境中的表意功能。 3. 能够在复杂句式中准确判断虚拟语气与情态动词的适用场景。
重难点 重点：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的时态变化，情态动词表推测的逻辑差异。 难点：虚拟语气的省略倒装、含蓄虚拟语气、错综时间条件句的虚拟语气。
课堂导入 问题引导： 阅读句子： "___ I known about the meeting earlier, I ___ attended it." 提问： 第一空应填什么？为什么？ 第二空应使用什么形式？ 目标：通过实例引发思考，引导学生理解虚拟语气的省略倒装结构。
自学学案与课堂互动部分学案 备注与笔记
知识点1：虚拟语气在非真实条件句中的用法 定义：虚拟语气用于表达与事实相反的假设，分三种时间场景： 与现在事实相反：If + 过去式，主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”。 例：If I had (have) time now, I would help (help) you. （事实：我现在没有时间。） 与过去事实相反：If + 过去完成式，主句用“would/could/might + have + 过去分词”。 例：If she had studied (study) harder, she would have passed (pass) the exam. （事实：她之前没努力学习，考试未通过。） 与将来事实相反：If + should/were to + 动词原形，主句用“would/could/might + 动词原形”。 例：If it should rain (rain) tomorrow, the event would be canceled (cancel). （事实：明天不太可能下雨。） 常见错误： 混淆时间场景的时态（如：用过去式描述过去事实相反的假设）。 填空练习（学生自主完成）： If he ___ (know) the truth, he ___ (not trust) her. （与____事实相反） If I ___ (take) your advice earlier, I ___ (avoid) this mistake. （与____事实相反） If she ___ (be) to resign, the team ___ (lose) its leader. （与___ _事实相反） 知识点2：虚拟语气的省略倒装 定义：在非真实条件句中，如果从句含有“were, had, should”，可以省略“if”并将这些词提到句首，形成倒装结构。 例：Were I you, I would apologize to her. （= If I were you, I would apologize to her.） 例：Had he known the truth, he would have acted differently. （= If he had known the truth, he would have acted differently.） 例：Should it rain tomorrow, the event would be canceled. （= If it should rain tomorrow, the event would be canceled.） 常见错误： 误用倒装结构（如：Were he knows → Were he to know。 填空练习： 4. ___ she ___ (be) more careful, the accident ___ (not happen). 5. ___ they ___ (arrive) on time, they ___ (catch) the train. 6. ___ you ___ (need) any help, please let me know. 知识点3：含蓄虚拟语气 定义：虚拟语气有时不通过“if”从句表达，而是通过介词短语、上下文或其他方式暗示。 例：Without your help, I would have failed. （= If you hadn’t helped me, I would have failed.） 例：But for the rain, we would have gone hiking. （= If it hadn’t rained, we would have gone hiking.） 例：He would have succeeded, but he gave up too soon. （= If he hadn’t given up too soon, he would have succeeded.） 常见错误： 忽略含蓄虚拟语气的暗示词（如：without, but for, otherwise）。 填空练习： 7. ___ your advice, I ___ (make) a terrible mistake. 8. ___ the traffic jam, we ___ (arrive) on time. 9. He ___ (pass) the exam, but he didn’t study hard enough. 知识点4：错综时间虚拟条件句 定义：当条件句与主句的时间不一致时，需根据各自的时间调整时态： 例：If he had taken (take) the medicine yesterday, he would feel (feel) better now. （从句：与过去事实相反；主句：与现在事实相反。） 例：If she were (be) more confident, she would have applied (apply) for the job last week. （从句：与现在事实相反；主句：与过去事实相反。） 常见错误： 混淆时间场景的时态（如：用过去完成式描述现在事实相反的假设）。 填空练习： 10. If you ___ (not eat) so much last night, you ___ (not feel) sick now. 11. If he ___ (be) more experienced, he ___ (handle) the situation better yesterday. 12. If I ___ (know) about the meeting earlier, I ___ (attend) it now. 知识点5：建议类动词后的虚拟语气 定义：动词如suggest, insist, demand后的宾语从句需用“should + 动词原形”（should可省略）。 例：The doctor suggested that he quit (quit) smoking. 例：They demanded that the decision be (be) reconsidered. 常见错误： 误用陈述语气代替虚拟语气（如：He suggested that she goes → He suggested that she go）。 填空练习： 13. The teacher insisted that the students ___ (submit) their essays by Friday. 14. The committee recommended that the policy ___ (revise) immediately. 15. She demanded that her assistant ___ (arrive) on time for meetings. 知识点6：情态动词表推测的用法 定义：情态动词可表示不同程度的可能性: must：肯定推测（可能性极高）。 例：The ground is wet. It must have rained (rain) last night. might/could：可能性较低。 例：She might be (be) at the library, but I’m not sure can’t：否定推测（不可能）。 例：He can’t be (be) in Paris; I saw him an hour ago. 特殊形式： 情态动词 + have + 过去分词：对过去动作的推测。 例：They must have missed (miss) the train; otherwise, they would be here by now. 填空练习： 16. The lights are off. They ___ (go) to bed already. 17. The phone is ringing, but no one answers. She ___ (be) in the shower. 18. He ___ (not finish) the report yet; the deadline is still two days away. 【对比性练习】 1. If I _____ time, I _____ you. （真实条件句） If I _____ time, I _____ you. （虚拟语气，与现在事实相反） 2. He _____ be at home. （肯定推测） He _____be at home. （否定推测） 3. The boss suggested that we _____ (start) early. （虚拟语气） The boss said that we _____ (start) early. （陈述语气） 【课堂内容回顾】请梳理本节课的疑难知识点，以便巩固训练课时进行训练与巩固 学生15分钟根据学案内容进行预习 教师30分钟讲解并且与学生进行互动
巩固训练学案 备注与笔记
【知识框架搭建】请同学们搭建本节课的知识框架 【巩固训练】 单句语法填空（10题） If she ___ (attend) the meeting yesterday, she ___ (know) about the new policy, but she was on a business trip. The government insists that all citizens ___ (register) for the new health program by the end of this month. You ___ (not leave) your wallet at the café; I remember seeing it on your desk this morning. If the weather ___ (be) better last weekend, we ___ (go) hiking, but it rained heavily. The manager demanded that the report ___ (complete) before the deadline, so the team worked overtime. The museum is closed today. It ___ (renovate) for the next two weeks, according to the notice. If he ___ (listen) to the doctor’s advice, he ___ (recover) from the illness by now. The students suggested that the exam ___ (postpone) due to the sudden power outage. The package ___ (arrive) by now; it was sent express delivery three days ago. If you ___ (follow) the instructions carefully, this mistake ___ (avoid). She ___ (not see) the email yet; the server has been down since yesterday. The law requires that all vehicles ___ (equip) with safety devices by 2025. If I ___ (be) in your position, I ___ (negotiate) a better deal with the client. The CEO insisted that the company ___ (invest) more in renewable energy, despite the financial risks. The witness claimed that the suspect ___ (flee) the scene before the police arrived.. 单句语法填空·拔高练习 Had the government ___ (take) stricter measures earlier, the outbreak ___ (control) more effectively, but the delayed response caused chaos. The committee recommended that the controversial proposal ___ (withdraw) until further research ___ (conduct). The archaeologists speculated that the ancient artifact ___ (belong) to a royal family, given its intricate design. If the experiment ___ (yield) positive results, the team ___ (publish) their findings in a top journal, but the data was inconclusive. The contract stipulates that all parties ___ (sign) the agreement in the presence of a legal advisor to ensure its validity. 语篇语法填空（10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The proposal to build a new airport on the outskirts of the city 1 (spark) heated debates among residents and environmentalists. Many argue that if the project 2 (approve), it 3 (destroy) large areas of forest and disrupt local wildlife. “We demand that the government 4 (reconsider) this plan,” said a spokesperson for the environmental group. However, supporters claim that the airport 5 (boost) the economy and create thousands of jobs. They insist that all environmental concerns 6 (address) through advanced technology. “If we 7 (miss) this opportunity, the city 8 (lag) behind in regional development,” argued a business leader. Experts suggest that a thorough assessment 9 (conduct) before any decision 10 (make). “Balancing economic growth and environmental protection is crucial,” said an urban planner. 【检查目标是否达成】 学生能够深入理解虚拟语气与情态动词的复杂用法 （ ） 在单句与语篇中灵活应用 （ ） 强化语法填空实战能力。 （ ） 本节课结束后，教师会下发巩固训练学案的答案，有疑问的同学，可以对照解析进行进一步修改。祝同学们学习顺利！ 请同学们完成后进行小组讨论。请有展示任务的同学在黑板上书写你的答案。 拔高练习部分，难度较大。请英语A层级完成，其余同学可选做。
答案与解析（教师注意保留此部分）
单句语法填空
had attended; would have known
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
(should) register
解析：动词“insist”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。
can’t have left
解析：情态动词完成式表否定推测，“can’t have + 过去分词”表示“不可能做过某事”。
had been; would have gone
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
be completed
解析：动词“demand”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
is being renovated
解析：现在进行时被动语态，表示博物馆正在被翻新。
had listened; would have recovered
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
(should) be postponed
解析：动词“suggest”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
must have arrived
解析：情态动词完成式表肯定推测，“must have + 过去分词”表示“一定已经到达”。
had followed; could have been avoided
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“could have + 过去分词”。
might not have seen
解析：情态动词完成式表推测，“might not have + 过去分词”表示“可能尚未看到”。
(should) be equipped
解析：动词“require”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
were; would negotiate
解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去式（be动词用were），主句用“would + 动词原形”。
(should) invest
解析：动词“insist”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。
had fled
解析：过去完成时，表示“嫌疑人逃离”发生在“警察到达”之前。单句语法填空·拔高训练
单句语法填空·拔高训练
taken; would have been controlled
解析：省略if的倒装虚拟语气，“Had the government taken”相当于“If the government had taken”，主句用“would have been controlled”。
(should) be withdrawn; (should) be conducted
解析：动词“recommend”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气，“until”后的从句同理。
might have belonged
解析：情态动词完成式表推测，“might have + 过去分词”表示“可能属于”。
had yielded; would have published
解析：与过去事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去完成式，主句用“would have + 过去分词”。
(should) sign
解析：动词“stipulate”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) + 动词原形”。
语篇语法填空
has sparked
解析：现在完成时，表示提案已引发持续至今的争议。
were approved
解析：与现在事实相反的虚拟语气，从句用过去式。
would destroy
解析：主句用“would + 动词原形”表虚拟结果。
(should) reconsider
解析：动词“demand”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。
would boost
解析：情态动词表推测，支持者认为机场会促进经济。
be addressed
解析：动词“insist”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气“(should) be + 过去分词”。
miss
解析：条件状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。
will lag
解析：主句为直接引语中的预测，需用一般将来时。
(should) be conducted
解析：动词“suggest”后的宾语从句需用虚拟语气。
is made
解析：时间状语从句中，主句用将来时，从句用一般现在时。