2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项：阅读理解---词义猜测题 学案（含解析）

专题一 阅读理解 句意猜测题 【预习要求】 通过预习学案，句意猜测的技巧；并完成典例。 一：【学习目标】 （一）考点归纳 词义猜测题着重考查考生根据上下文猜测词义的能力，这也是一个从“已知”得出“未知”的过程，即利用上下文的已知部分(尤其是该词或短语前后的句子)进行推理，有时还需要依靠常识和经验来猜测词义。考查范围涉及单词意义理解、短语意义理解、句子意义理解或代词指代对象的确定等。 （二）.易错易混点归纳 脱离语境；词不对意；句不对意 二：【重点易错易混点注释】 （1）题型解读 句意猜测题要求考生通过阅读文章理解句意，然后用合适的语句对其进行解释性的描述。 设问方式 1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph...mean 2．Which of the following best explains the underlined sentence in Paragraph... （3）解题技巧——“意义吻合”定句意 (1)返回原文，找到该句，对原句进行语法和逻辑关系的准确分析。对于需要推理的句子，首先要理解此句前后的语境，其次对其在文章中的意思进行合理的推断，最后再归纳总结。 (2)一般说来，正确选项的意思与原句的意思完全相同，但是用其他的英语词汇或句式来表达的。 三：【典例探究】 典例1：(2019·浙江·B片段)　体裁：说明文　主题语境：人与社会——一项活动 Money with no strings attached. It’s not something you see every day.But at Union Station in Los Angeles last month，a board went up with dollar bills attached to it with pins and a sign that read，“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.” 24．What does the expression “money with no strings attached” in Paragraph 1 mean A．Money spent without hesitation. B．Money not legally made. C．Money offered without conditions. D．Money not tied together. 典例2：(2020·5月天津高考阅读D) History grounds us in our roots. History is an important and interesting field of study, and learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral pasts, and how we got to where_we_are_today．Many people feel like they need a sense of cultural belonging, which is something that studying your roots and being open-minded to the evolution of your culture can provide. 51.The underlined part “where we are today” in Para.2 probably means ________. A．the turning point in our history B.the present state of our nation C.the location of our homeland D.the total area of our country 典例3：(2021·济南市高三统考) The person who set the course of my life was a school teacher named Marjorie Hurd.When I stepped off a ship in New York Harbor in 1949, I was a nine year old war refugee, who had lost the mother and was coming to live with the father I did not know. I was thirteen years old when I entered Chandler Junior High School.Shortly after I arrived, I was told to select a hobby to pursue during “club hours”．The idea of hobbies and clubs made no sense to my immigrant ears, but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class.She led me into the presence of Miss Hurd, the school newspaper adviser and English teacher. 1．What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 2 most probably mean A．Hobbies and clubs did not interest the author. B．The author turned a deaf ear to joining clubs. C．Hobbies and clubs were inaccessible to immigrants like the author. D．The author had no idea what hobbies and clubs were about. 典例4(2019·全国卷Ⅱ)I guess that there's probably some demanding work schedule, or social anxiety around stepping up to help for an unknown sport.She may just need a little persuading.So I try again and tug_at_the_heartstrings.I mention the single parent with four kids running the show and I talk about the dad coaching a team that his kids aren't even on ...At this point the unwilling parent speaks up，“Alright.Yes，I'll do it.” 25．What does the underlined phrase “tug at the heartstrings” in paragraph 2 mean A．Encourage teamwork. B．Appeal to feelings. C．Promote good deeds. D．Provide advice. 典例5(2019·天津)We've all known people who run_out_of_steam before they reach life's halfway mark.I'm not talking about those who fail to get to the top.We can't all get there.I'm talking about people who have stopped learning on growing because they have adopted the fixed attitudes and opinions that all too often come with passing years. 52．What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean A．End one's struggle for liberty. B．Waste one's energy taking risks. C．Miss the opportunity to succeed. D．Lose the interest to continue learning. 典例6(2021·天津)The poignancy （酸楚） of Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball and what had pushed him to make such a tough decision took me by surprise.As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform， I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him， just as our lizard had.Neither of them chose the moment that had transformed them.But they had to live with who they were after everything was different.Just like us.I realized that we have to learn to leave the past behind. 43.The underlined part “leaving behind the layer” in Paragraph 8 can be understood as　　　　. A.letting go of the past B.looking for a new job C.getting rid of a bad habit D.giving up an opportunity 典例7 As they grew more mobile， we let them move freely around the house during the day， but when we were asleep we had to contain them in a large room， otherwise they’d get up to mischief. We’d come down in the morning to find they’d turned the room upside down， and left it looking like a zoo. 25.What do the underlined words “get up to mischief” mean in paragraph 3？ A.Behave badly. B.Lose their way. C.Sleep soundly. D.Miss their mom. 四：训练检测 更新人：姚璐 三维设计+步步高 A篇更新 (外刊阅读)　选自：USA Today Robot vacuums are incredibly popular，and these helpful household gadgets are conveniently designed to pick up dust，hair and all manner of grime so you don’t have to do it yourself.Of all of the models available，the iRobot Roomba i7＋ is the best robot vacuum we’ve ever tested，and right now，you can get it on sale for $300 off its usual price. Thanks to this deal at Bed Bath & Beyond，you can get this robot vacuum on sale for $699.99—its lowest price of all time.We’ve only ever seen it at this low twice before，back in December 2019 and April 2020.While it’s true that even at its discounted price，the Roomba i7＋ is still extremely expensive，this handy little guy is in a class all its own when it comes to robot vacuums. For starters，it can empty itself out via a secondary suction feature located in its charging base.This unique functionality is a big part of why it costs so much and why our testers and online reviewers alike really love it(you can also get it without this feature right now with your purchase of the regular i7，on sale for $499.99—$200 off its $699.99 list price)．Perfect for seniors，or anyone who struggles to vacuum hard-to-reach areas，this robotic machine makes it so you never have to bend down on your hands and knees to get rid of dirt or debris from the vacuum. Furthermore，what surprised our testers was that the Roomba i7＋ should pick up 10 grams of debris.It actually scored a perfect 10 in our lab testing，which is almost unheard of.It’s also a smart device，so you can connect it to Wi-Fi to control it via Alexa and Google Home.Even better，you can watch as it creates a map of your home，allowing you to track its progress or keep it out of specific rooms. 1．What does the underlined word “grime” in paragraph 1 mean A．Object. B．Food. C．Dirt. D．Water. 2．How much is this robot vacuum if it doesn’t discount A．$300. B．$699.99. C．$499.99. D．$999.99. 3．What does the underlined sentence in the second paragraph mean A．The price of the Roomba i7＋ is totally different from all the other vacuums of the same kind. B．The Roomba i7＋ is like a little guy in a class. C．When we refer to robot vacuums，the Roomba i7＋ belongs to the guy of his own. D．The Roomba i7＋ is too expensive for the customers to buy. 4．What does the underlined word “which” in the last paragraph refer to A．The Roomba i7＋. B．Our lab. C．It actually scored a perfect 10 in our lab testing. D．The lab testing. B篇 (2022·甘肃省第二次诊断考试) Paparella first became aware of foster care in elementary school when her parents were considering adopting a child. The plan didn't work out, but Paparella often found herself thinking about that girl. At 16, Paparella visited Summit County Children Services in Akron, Ohio, with a list of questions, trying to understand what the life of adults looked like. One of her questions was “What do these young people need most？” At the top of the list was furniture. “That_struck_me！” says Paparella. “The idea of moving into an apartment and not having a bed to sleep on or a sofa to sit on pulled at my heartstrings.” Paparella contacted her parents' friends, asking if they had spare furniture to donate. A local furniture store, Chez-Del Interiors, offered free warehouse space and its delivery truck. Social workers provided delivery. In between lacrosse games and college applications, Paparella — with her dad's help — added furniture delivery person to her résumé. Watching the receivers' faces when they receive a bed, a couch — whatever — would change her in a way. Paparella remembers delivering a gold lamp to a woman and watching her polish it lovingly, getting rid of dust and fingerprints. “To think that this lamp which hadn't been thought about in years now brought so much happiness to somebody was amazing，” Paparella says. Today, Paparella has given furniture to nearly 200 young adults across six Ohio counties. As word has gotten out, Paparella has received donations from people who have bought new furniture and want to get rid of their old pieces, people who are moved, and people who have heard of her work on social networking sites. She's convinced these contributions give the receivers hope and confidence. 5．Why did Paparella visit Summit County Children Services A．Because she considered adopting a child. B．Because she planned to take care of the children there. C．Because she wanted to know the life of grown-ups there. D．Because she intended to persuade her parents to help the children. 6．What does the underlined sentence “That struck me！” in Paragraph 2 mean A．Moving！　　　　B．Shocking! C．Amusing! D．Disappointing! 7．What do we know about the woman who received a gold lamp A．She didn't like the dusty old lamp. B．She loved the gold lamp very much. C．She made little difference to Paparella. D．She owned many different lamps in the past. 8．Which word can best describe Paparella's character A．Humorous B．Honest. C．Imaginative. D．Helpful. C篇（2023·徐州模拟） Last week， United Nations Secretary-General António Guterres created an attractive new term. The era of global warming has ended， he declared dramatically， and the era of “global boiling” has arrived. You can see why he said it. July was the hottest month on record globally. High temperatures and intense wildfires have raged across the Northern Hemisphere. Marine heatwaves are damaging the world’s third-largest coral reef， off Florida. And as greenhouse emissions keep rising， it means many even hotter summers await us. But critics have made negative comments on the phrase. Obviously， “global boiling” is clearly an exaggeration （夸张）， but “global warming” is now far too weak. Many climate scientists have pushed for the term “global heating” to be used in preference. Similarly， phrases such as “climate crisis” haven’t gained enough attention. That’s because many of us still feel we haven’t seen this crisis with our own eyes. But that is changing. In the past few years， extreme weather and related events have struck many countries. Australia’s Black Summer brought bushfires that burned an area the size of the United Kingdom. Germany suffered serious flooding in 2021. The 2022 flood in Pakistan flooded large parts of the country. China has seen both drought and floods. Savage multi-year droughts have hit the Horn of Africa. India has banned rice exports due to damage from heavy rain. Opponents of climate action often complain about what they see as the overuse of “crisis talk”. If everything is a crisis， nothing is a crisis. When Guterres uses highly charged phrases， he’s not inviting us to imagine a Hollywood-style disaster. What he’s hoping is to make people listen — and act — now we can see what climate change looks like. Are there better phrases to capture this？ Possibly. Take the challenge yourself： can you think up a brief， accurate phrase to cover intensifying local and regional-scale droughts， fires， typhoons and floods？ You can see how hard it is. 9.What made António Guterres use the phrase “global boiling”？ A.The new scientific finding. B.The comments from critics. C.The present serious situation. D.The future trend in climate change. 10.Why do the phrases like “climate crisis” fail to attract our attention？ A.These phrases don’t reflect the truth. B.Many disasters haven’t been reported. C.Fewer crises have happened these years. D.Climate disasters haven’t happened to us. 11.What does the author try to convey by saying “But that is changing.” in Paragraph 4？ A.But the situation is improving. B.But people have realized the danger. C.But more climate crises have happened. D.But people have taken effective measures. 12.What does the author think of António Guterres’s saying “global boiling”？ A.It’s beyond the truth. B.It’s acceptable indeed. C.He tries to frighten people. D.He aims to please the public.
答案 三：典例探究 典例1：答案　C 解析　句意理解题。根据下文的内容并结合木板上写的“Give What You Can，Take What You Need.”可知，钉在木板上的钱是可以随意取的，并不附带任何条件，故选C项。 典例2：答案　B 解析　根据画线部分前的learning the history of our home country can give us a deeper, more meaningful glimpse (一瞥) into our ancestral pasts可知，学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，下文与其形成对比关系，即学习历史也可以帮助我们了解我们国家的现在。__B__ 典例3：正确答案为D 句意理解题。根据画线句后的but I decided to follow the prettiest girl in my class这一意义上的转折可推知，作者对那些兴趣小组和俱乐部并不了解，因此就跟随班里最漂亮的那个女生的选择。 典例4解析：选B　词义猜测题。根据画线短语前一句“She may just need a little persuading.”可知，这位家长可能需要一点点劝说。随后作者对这位家长进行了举例劝说：一位有四个孩子的单亲母亲在主持这次活动，一位孩子不在此队的父亲担任长曲棍球队的教练。这些例子都是为了吸引这位家长来做志愿工作，故答案为B。 典例5解析：选D　词义猜测题。根据画线部分后作者说的“我谈论的是那些已经不再学习成长的人，因为他们已经接受了固定的态度和观点，这些都是随着时间的流逝而来的”可知，画线短语的意思是“没有兴趣继续学习”，故答案选D。 典例6解析：选A　词义猜测题。根据第八段中的Jordan retiring from his beloved basketball to play baseball可知，乔丹从心爱的篮球退役后去打棒球，此处应是作者看到乔丹放下过去。 典例7 解析：A　词义猜测题。根据第三段尾句可知，这两只幼虎很顽皮，把房间弄得乱七八糟。由此可推知，作者一家人睡觉的时候会把两只幼虎放在大房间里，否则，它们会捣乱。 四：训练检测 A篇 语篇解读　这是一篇说明文。文章向我们介绍了一款最新的机器人真空吸尘器，这款吸尘器价格非常昂贵，即使搞活动打折也比同类产品贵，但是易操作，实用性强，尤其是适用于老人。
1．答案　C解析　词义猜测题。由画线单词前面的and可知，grime应该与dust和hair为同义词，意思也应该是垃圾或灰尘。故选C。 2．答案　D 解析　推理判断题。由第一段最后一句中的“right now，you can get it on sale for $300 off its usual price”可知，现在搞活动期间购买可以在原价的基础上减去$300；再由第二段第一句“Thanks to this deal at Bed Bath & Beyond，you can get this robot vacuum on sale for $699.99—its lowest price of all time.”可知，目前活动价是$699.99，因此加上优惠的$300，原价应该是$999.99，故选D。 3．答案　A解析　句意理解题。通过阅读画线句，分析其结构，理解句意，再通过照应上下文可知，the Roomba i7＋的价格在同类产品中是独一无二的，完全与众不同，故选A。 4．答案　C解析　代词指代题。此处的which引导非限制性定语从句，先行词是前面的整个句子，所以此处的which是指“It actually scored a perfect 10 in our lab testing”。故选C。。 B篇 语篇解读：本文是一篇记叙文。16岁时，去过儿童服务中心的Paparella了解到那里最需要的是家具。于是，她联系了她父母的朋友，募集家具捐赠给儿童服务中心。她的善举得到了社会的响应。 5．解析：C　细节理解题。根据第二段中的At 16, Paparella ...looked like.可知，Paparella参观该儿童服务中心旨在了解成年人在那里的生活状况。 6．解析：B　句意理解题。根据第二段尾句可知，想到搬进一个没有床睡，也没有沙发坐的公寓这件事牵动着Paparella的心弦。再结合画线部分所在句可知，这些孩子最需要家具让Paparella感到震惊。 7．解析：B　推理判断题。根据第四段中的Paparella remembers delivering ...dust and fingerprints.可知，Paparella记得送过一盏金色的灯给一位女士，看着她精心擦拭它，除去上面的灰尘和指纹。由此可推知，这位收到金色灯盏的女士非常喜爱这盏灯。 8．解析：D　推理判断题。通读全文可知，去过儿童服务中心的Paparella了解到那里最需要的是家具，于是，她联系了她父母的朋友，募集家具捐赠给儿童服务中心。由此可推知，Paparella是一位乐于助人的人。 C篇 语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。面对日益严峻的全球变暖形势，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯最近用“全球沸腾”这一引人注目的新名词发出警告，以此呼吁各国立即采取积极措施避免更多灾难的发生。 9.解析：C　推理判断题。根据第一、二段可知，联合国秘书长安东尼奥·古特雷斯之所以要使用“全球沸腾”这一新名词，是基于目前日益严峻的气候变化形势。 10.解析：D　细节理解题。根据第三段可知，作者认为，“气候变暖”“气候变热”以及“气候危机”这些词之所以都没有引起人们足够的关注，是因为（过去）我们很多人没有亲眼看见这些（跟气候变化有关的）危机和灾难。 11.解析：C　词句猜测题。根据第四段可知，But that is changing.这句话承上启下，作者接着列举了近年来全球范围频发的由气候变化引起的自然灾害，说明过去我们没有亲眼看见的灾难现在不但降临了，而且越来越多。 12.解析：B　推理判断题。根据最后两段可知，作者认为：安东尼奥·古特雷斯使用“全球沸腾”这一说法，是为了吸引人们聆听他的呼吁并开始采取行动；另外，我们也很难再想出一个更好的词来描述当前的严峻形势。由此可推出，作者非常认可安东尼奥·古特雷斯的这一说法。