专题-S322七选五 人教版必修三 题型特训
UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高一下·山东临沂·期中）As is known to us all, honesty has always been a traditional virtue in China. Despite the passage of time, honesty has been passed down as a mainstream value. 1
A famous Chinese idiom (成语) , yinuo qianjin, tells such a story. In the early Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24) , a general named Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has it that whenever Ji made a promise, he would make an effort to keep it. 2 There was a saying widely spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces (盎司) of gold.
3 During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) , Li Daquan, a successful businessman in Shanxi province, was visited by a friend who came up with a new idea. In ancient China, carrying a large amount of cash was not only a heavy burden (负担) but could also put the owner in danger. His friend proposed that a draft (汇票) be issued to replace the real cash. This draft was not only a promise to pay, but also could be cashed everywhere. Li readily agreed and kept his word. The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers and a good business. 4 Such is the beginning of the Chinese banking industry. His banking business finally expanded into 35 branches across the country. Rishengchang has been preserved and turned into a museum now.
In today’s China, the spirit of honesty is still well-respected. China selects national role models every year. 5
A．Everyone should try to be an honest person.
B．Honesty is priceless and honesty also brings creativity.
C．Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good popularity.
D．China is a famous country that values and respects honesty.
E．Li Daquan later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang.
F．It is also shown in countless stories throughout China’s history.
G．Their stories are told across the country to promote the virtue of honesty.
【答案】1. F 2. C 3. B 4. E 5. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文讲述了诚信一直是中国的传统美德。尽管时间在流逝，诚信已经作为一种主流价值观传承下来。
1. 分析设空，位于首段段尾，，应是承接上文，并引出下文，根据上文“As is known to us all, honesty has always been a traditional virtue in China. Despite the passage of time, honesty has been passed down as a mainstream value. (众所周知，诚实一直是中国的传统美德。尽管时间在流逝，诚实已经作为一种主流价值观传承下来)”以及下文举了两个中国历史上两个诚信的故事，所以F项“这也体现在中国历史上无数的故事中。”符合文意，承接上文，并引出下文。故选F项。
2. 根据前文“In the early Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24), a general named Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has it that whenever Ji made a promise, he would spare no effort to fulfill it. (西汉初年(公元前206年-公元24年)，一位名叫季布的将军以勇敢和诚实而闻名。传说，每当季许愿时，他都会不遗余力地去实现它)”以及后文“There was a saying widely spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces of gold. (有句谚语流传甚：与其得到几百盎司的黄金，不如得到季布的承诺)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由介绍季布的事迹，到这么做的结果，所以C项“这种诚实的美德为他赢得了良好的声望”符合文意，是前面行为的结果。故选C项。
3. 分析设空，位于段首，应是本段的中心句，根据后文“During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) , Li Daquan, a successful businessman in Shanxi province, was visited by a friend who came up with a new idea. In ancient China, carrying a large amount of cash was not only a heavy burden (负担) but could also put the owner in danger. His friend proposed that a draft (汇票) be issued to replace the real cash. This draft was not only a promise to pay, but also could be cashed everywhere. Li readily agreed and kept his word. (清代(1644-1911)，山西成功商人李大全有一个朋友来拜访他，他有了一个新主意。在中国古代，携带大量现金不仅是一种沉重的负担，而且还可能使主人处于危险之中。他的朋友建议发行一张汇票来代替真正的现金。这张汇票不仅是一种付款承诺，而且是一种保证一定数额的硬币，汇票可以在任何地方兑现的主张。李欣然同意并遵守诺言)”可知，本段主要讲述了诚信带来了创造力，所以B项“诚实是无价的，诚实也带来创造力”符合文意，是本段的中心句。故选B项。
4. 根据前文“The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers and a good business. (这件事很快就传开了，李的诚实给他带来了大量的顾客和生意兴隆)”以及后文“Such is the beginning of the Chinese banking industry. His banking business finally expanded into 35 branches across the country. (这就是中国银行业的开端。他的银行业务最终扩展到全国35家分行。)”可知，空处应是过渡句，由李的故事过渡到中国银行业，所以E项“李大全后来成立了中国第一家汇票银行日升昌”符合文意。故选E项。
5. 根据前文“In today’s China, the spirit of honesty is still well-respected. China selects national role models every year. (在今天的中国，诚实的精神仍然备受推崇。中国每年都会评选国家榜样。)”可知，现在人们仍旧推崇诚实的精神，评选全国的榜样，因此推断G项“他们的故事在全国播出，以树立好榜样，促进诚实的美德”符合文意。承接前文，故选G项。
Passage 2
（23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·阶段练习）Dealing with school stress is something most students have to learn to do during the course of their education. 1 Here are some tips for you to beat school stress.
2 . Is there a certain person, or thing that’s causing you to feel stressed out An important tool in learning to deal with your stress is to find out more about what’s causing mon reasons for stress at school include homework, grades, the lack of sleep and bullying. If you are being bullied, talk to your parents and your teachers. 3 .
Ask for help. 4 , find someone to help you. Everyone has to ask for help at times. Asking for help doesn’t mean you’re not independent or clever. Instead, it’s a sign of real cleverness to know your limitations.
Practice thought-stopping. Sometimes feeling overwhelmed (不知所措) in a stressful situation leads to fast, or “racing” thoughts. If this happens to you, try a way named “thought-stopping”. 5 . You may try saying. “That’s enough of those thoughts for now. I will get busy and come back to this after lunch.”
A．Know the source of your stress
B．When you have stress, keep an objective attitude
C．Get to know the way your body experiences stress
D．If you don’t know how to deal with a stressful thing
E．They may try their best to help you solve the problem
F．However, many students still don’t know how to deal with it
G．This means stopping your thoughts and turning your attention to something else for a while
【答案】1. F 2. A 3. E 4. D 5. G
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了应对学校压力的方法，包括识别压力源、寻求帮助和实践思维中断等技巧。
1. 上文“Dealing with school stress is something most students have to learn to do during the course of their education.(应对学校压力是大多数学生在教育过程中必须学会做的事情)”说明应对学校压力是大多数学生必须要经历的事情。空处承上启下，和前文形成转折关系，F项中的it指代前文中的“school stress”，说明尽管压力是必须要经历的事情，但是许多学生仍然不知道如何应对，引出下文中所给的建议。F项“然而，许多学生仍然不知道如何应对”符合语境。故选F。
2. 下文“Is there a certain person, or thing that’s causing you to feel stressed out An important tool in learning to deal with your stress is to find out more about what’s causing mon reasons for stress at school include homework, grades, the lack of sleep and bullying.(有没有某个人或某件事让你感到压力过大？学习应对压力的一个重要工具是找出更多造成压力的原因。学校压力的常见原因包括家庭作业、成绩、睡眠不足和欺凌)”说明本段主要讲述要了解压力的来源。A项“了解你压力的来源”适合作本段的主旨句，该项中的“the source of your stress”和下文中的“find out more about what’s causing it”相呼应。故选A。
3. 上文“If you are being bullied, talk to your parents and your teachers.(如果你被欺负了，和你的父母和老师谈谈)”说明如果被欺负需要和父母和老师谈谈。空处进一步说明向父母和老师求助后可能带来的正面结果。E项中的They指代前文中的“your parents and your teachers”，说明“他们可能会尽力帮助你解决问题”。故选E。
4. 上文“Ask for help.(寻求帮助)”以及下文“find someone to help you.(找个人来帮你)”说明可以找人帮忙。空处引出下文，说明需要找人帮忙的情景。D项“如果你不知道如何处理有压力的事情”符合语境，说明在遇到无法独自解决的问题时，可以找人帮忙。故选D。
5. 上文“If this happens to you, try a way named “thought-stopping”(如果这种情况发生在你身上，尝试一种叫做“停止思考”的方法)”说明可以尝试一种叫做“停止思考”的方法来应对压力。空处承接上文，进一步解释什么叫做“停止思维”。G项中的This指代“ a way named “thought-stopping””，“ stopping your thoughts”也和上文中的“thought-stopping”相呼应，说明G项“这意味着暂时停止你的思考，将注意力转移到其他事情上”符合语境。故选G。
Passage 3
（22-23高一下·新疆喀什·期中）Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles telling us how the internet has made our lives more convenient. We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around when we go shopping. We can download software whenever we need them. 1 People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
Jan Tchamani, an English teacher in Birmingham, UK, suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50, she stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while, she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. 2 She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club.
3 A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply for work online and found a great job. Now that he works and can take care of himself. A 61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online company together with two friends. 4
Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to make society better. She believes that it is highly important to make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. 5
A．Her company has become quite successful.
B．Many people have been helped by the club.
C．And we benefit a great deal from the internet.
D．She and her friends now achieve a lot in the club.
E．She could listen to music, watch films, and explore the world.
F．Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
G．But the internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.
【答案】1. G 2. E 3. B 4. A 5. F
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了网络对于Jan Tchamani的帮助，以及她的IT俱乐部对别人的帮助和她的进一步的计划。
1. 由上文“There are countless articles telling us how the internet has made our lives more convenient. We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around when we go shopping. We can download software whenever we need them. (有无数的文章告诉我们互联网如何使我们的生活更方便。当我们去购物时，我们不再需要排队或随身携带现金)”可知，本空要说跟“方便”有关的话题，故G选项“But the internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient. (但互联网为人们做的远不止是让生活更方便)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选G。
2. 由上文“After a while, she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. (过了一段时间，她发现上网可以帮助她感觉不那么孤独和无聊)”可知，本空要说跟“上网排解孤独和无聊”有关的话题，故E选项“She could listen to music, watch films, and explore the world.(她可以听音乐，看电影，探索世界)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选E。
3. 由上文“She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club. (她被在网上遇到的人所鼓舞，于是决定成立一个IT俱乐部)”可知，本空要说跟“这个IT俱乐部”有关的话题，下文“A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply for work online and found a great job. Now that he works and can take care of himself. A 61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online company together with two friends. (一名59岁的男子学会了如何在网上申请工作，并找到了一份很棒的工作。现在他工作了，可以照顾自己了。一位61岁的独居女性和两个朋友一起开了一家小型网络公司)”可知，这些都是这个IT俱乐部对不同人的帮助，故B选项“Many people have been helped by the club. (许多人得到了俱乐部的帮助)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选B。
4. 由上文“A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply for work online and found a great job. Now that he works and can take care of himself. A 61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online company together with two friends. (一名59岁的男子学会了如何在网上申请工作，并找到了一份很棒的工作。现在他工作了，可以照顾自己了。一位61岁的独居女性和两个朋友一起开了一家小型网络公司)”可知，许多人得到了俱乐部的帮助，她的公司相当成功，故A选项“Her company has become quite successful. (她的公司相当成功)”能承上启下，符合题意。故选A。
5. 由上文“Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to make society better. She believes that it is highly important to make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. (简已经开始参加在线课程，学习更多关于如何让社会变得更好的知识。她认为确保每个人都能上网是非常重要的)”可知，本空要说她这样做的目的，故F选项“Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries. (她的下一个目标是创办一个慈善网站，为贫困国家的儿童筹集资金)”能承接上文，符合题意。故选F。
Passage 4
（23-24高一下·河南新乡·期末）Life will always present challenges, but how you respond to them will lead your life’s tracks. To stay focused when you’re having a hard time, here are some things to keep in mind.
Reset your goals. Do you feel inspired by your life plan, or is it time for a new one Are your goals realistic 1 Taking a moment to pause and reflect will help ensure that your goals are attainable and will help grow your motivation.
2 Don’t be afraid to break your long-term goals into small steps to keep checking off along the way, and adjust the steps as you need. Having one goal is much harder to focus on than a few big goals or many small ones.
Remember what motivates you in the first place. Why do you start It doesn’t matter which motivation drives you. As long as it keeps you going, then it’s practical. Your motivation may look different compared to your friend’s, but that’s OK. 3
Take motivation from others. Talk to your friends or read a book to find inspiration. Be open-minded and learn how others find motivation. 4 Motivation comes from various sources, and listening to others might expand your view on how to gain it.
Take a break. It’s perfectly fine to step away from whatever task you’re working on and take a short break. You can’t expect yourself to keep your motivation for eight hours straight. 5 This allows us to reset our minds, and be more efficient when we need to get back on track.
A．Start small.
B．Reward yourself for your efforts.
C．If not, then take the time to set them again.
D．As a result, having a rest is a good habit to practice.
E．Stick with whatever motivates you, and don’t forget it.
F．The methods they use might cause some motivation for you.
G．Sometimes, you don’t want to do things because of your mood.
【答案】1. C 2. A 3. E 4. F 5. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是应对挑战的几个建议。
1. 根据本段的主题句“Reset your goals.(重新设定目标。)”可知，本段建议可以通过重设目标应对挑战，根据空前的“Do you feel inspired by your life plan, or is it time for a new one Are your goals realistic (你是否为你的人生计划感到鼓舞，或者是时候制定一个新的计划了 你的目标现实吗 )”可知，此处提出一列问题，考虑一下目标是否现实，C选项“If not, then take the time to set them again.(如果没有，那就花时间重新设置。)”承接空前的内容，且符合本段的主题。故选C项。
2. 此处应为本段的主题句，结合其它段落的主题句可知，此处应为祈使句；根据空后的“Don’t be afraid to break your long-term goals into small steps to keep checking off along the way, and adjust the steps as you need. Having one goal is much harder to focus on than a few big goals or many small ones.(不要害怕把你的长期目标分解成一个个小步骤，并在此过程中不断检查，并根据需要调整步骤。有一个目标比几个大目标或许多小目标更难集中精力。)”可知，本段讲述的是建议把长期目标分解成一个个小的目标，A选项“Start small.(从小目标做起。)”为祈使句，且与空后的内容一致，能够概括本段的主题。故选A项。
3. 根据本段的主题句“Remember what motivates you in the first place.(记住你最初的动力是什么。)”可知，本段建议记住自己的最初动力来应对挑战，根据空前的“Your motivation may look different compared to your friend’s, but that’s OK.(你的动机可能和你朋友的不一样，但没关系。)”可知，你的动机可能与他人不同，但是没有关系，E选项“Stick with whatever motivates you, and don’t forget it.(坚持任何能激励你的事情，不要忘记它。)”建议坚持激励自己的事情，与本段的主题吻合，且与空前的内容衔接，符合语境。故选E项。
4. 根据空前的“Talk to your friends or read a book to find inspiration. Be open-minded and learn how others find motivation.(和你的朋友聊天或者读一本书来寻找灵感。保持开放的心态，学习别人是如何找到动力的。)”可知，学习其他人是如何找到动力的；F选项“The methods they use might cause some motivation for you.(他们使用的方法可能会给你带来一些动力。)”中的the methods指代的为空前的“how others find motivation”，且与本段的主题句“Take motivation from others.(从别人那里获得动力。)”讲述的内容一致。故选F项。
5. 根据本段的主题句“Take a break.(休息一下。)”可知，本段建议休息一下来应对挑战；根据空前的“You can’t expect yourself to keep your motivation for eight hours straight.(你不能指望自己连续八小时保持动力。)”可知，不要指望自己连续八小时保持动力，D选项“As a result, having a rest is a good habit to practice.(因此，休息是一个好习惯。)”讲述的内容与空前的内容为因果关系，符合逻辑，且与本段的主题吻合。故选D项。
Passage 5
（22-23高一下·陕西渭南·期末）Volunteering can, in fact, help you reduce stress, learn new skills, find new friends, and make a real difference in your new community. If you give it a try, it might open the door to a revolutionary time in your life. 1
You can make a real difference.
You are extremely lucky. You have clean water, clothing, footwear, food, and access to free education. 2 Use your skills to make a real difference in your community.
Do you like to read Consider teaching. Do you love animals Work at an animal shelter. Are you handy Volunteer to build houses and schools for the less fortunate.
3
When you volunteer, you will find the things that drive you and make your heart pound with excitement. It changes your view. And it can also help you realize what you are truly supposed to do in your life.
Volunteering is good for your mind and body.
Helping others and being useful can bring you high satisfaction and motivation. 4 The social contact aspect of volunteering can have a powerful effect on your overall well-being.
Volunteering brings happiness to your life.
5 It will help you appreciate the amazing, generous life you’ve been given, and it will help you grow as a person.
A．Volunteering gives you a sense of purpose.
B．Maybe it’s time to give back a little.
C．Volunteering will make you feel good.
D．These are the foundation for a healthy mind and body.
E．With that in mind, here are four reasons why you should volunteer.
F．Studies have found that working with animals can reduce stress and anxiety.
G．After all, nothing fights stress better than a real connection with a like-minded person.
【答案】1. E 2. B 3. A 4. D 5. C
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章认为参与志愿服务对人有益，主要包括四点益处：产生真实的影响、赋予使命感、改善身心、让人快乐。
1. 空处位于首段的介绍和后文四点内容之间，需起到过渡的作用，同时可以统领后文四点内容。根据后文已知的标题“You can make a real difference(你可以产生真正的影响)”和“Volunteering is good for your mind and body(志愿服务对你的身心都有好处)”可知，后文聚焦的是做志愿服务的好处。E项“记住这一点，以下是你应该做志愿者的四个理由。”符合语境，其中的that指前文所说内容，“four reasons”指后文的具体理由。故选E。
2. 根据前文“You are extremely lucky. You have clean water, clothing, footwear, food, and access to free education.(你非常幸运。你有干净的水、衣服、鞋子、食物，还有免费的教育。)”可知，此处在说你所拥有的丰富的资源和机会，下文“Use your skills to make a real difference in your community.( 用你的技能为你的社区带来真正的改变。)”说明你可以为社区做奉献，因此空处应该会从拥有过渡到奉献。B项“也许是时候回馈一下了。”符合语境，承接前文，呼应后文去用自己的技术产生影响。故选B。
3. 空处是小标题，需和前文的标题呼应，说明志愿服务的好处，同时统领本段内容。根据后文 “When you volunteer, you will find the things that drive you and make your heart pound with excitement. It changes your view. And it can also help you realize what you are truly supposed to do in your life(当你做志愿者时, 你会发现那些驱使你、让你激动不已的事情。它改变了你的观点。它还可以帮助你实现你生活中真正应该做的事情。) ”可知本段讲述志愿服务给你一种目标感，选项A“志愿活动给你一种使命感。”可以作为本段的主题，介绍志愿服务让你有目标。故选A。
4. 根据主题句“Volunteering is good for your mind and body(志愿服务对你的身心都有好处)”以及前句“Helping others and being useful can bring you high satisfaction and motivation(帮助他人和成为有用的人可以给你带来高度的满足感和动力)”可知表示“这些是身心健康的基础”的选项D可以承接前文， 介绍高度的满足感和动力是身心健康的基础。故选D。
5. 根据后句“It will help you appreciate the amazing, generous life you’ve been given, and it will help you grow as a person(它将帮助你感激你所得到的令人惊叹、慷慨的生活，并帮助你成长为一个人)”可知，表示“志愿服务会让你感觉良好”的选项C可以和后句构成因果关系，因为志愿服务会让你感觉良好，所以它将帮助你感激你所得到的令人惊叹、慷慨的生活, 并帮助你成长为一个人。故选C。
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高一下·山西运城·开学考试）Volunteering offers great help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.
1 . Being a volunteer helps you make new friends and improve your social skills. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It develops your ties to the community, broadens your support network (人际关系网) and offers you chances to know people with common interests, neighbourhood resources (资源), and fun activities.
2 , others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the chance to practise and develop your social skills, since you are often meeting with a group of people with common interests.
Volunteering is good for your mind and body. 3 . Working with pets and other animals has also been shown to help you feel more relaxed and less anxious. Studies have found that older volunteers are likely to walk more, find it easier to complete everyday tasks, and have better thinking skills. 4 .
If you’re considering a new job, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field. 5 , volunteering gives you the chance to practise important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, problem solving, project planning, task management, and organization. You might feel more comfortable stretching (伸展) your wings at work once you’ve improved these skills in a volunteer position (职位) first.
A．Volunteering connects you to others
B．Volunteering increases self-confidence
C．While some people are naturally outgoing
D．Even if you’re not planning on changing your job
E．Volunteering can also cut the risk of heart problems
F．Nothing lessens stress better than a meaningful connection to another person
G．Many people volunteer in order to make time for hobbies outside of work
【答案】1. A 2. C 3. F 4. E 5. D
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了志愿服务的各种好处，包括社交技能的提升、身心健康的改善、职场经验的积累等。
1. 空处为段首句，为本段主要内容。根据下文“Being a volunteer helps you make new friends and improve your social skills. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It develops your ties to the community, broadens your support network (人际关系网) and offers you chances to know people with common interests, neighbourhood resources (资源), and fun activities.(成为一名志愿者可以帮助你结交新朋友，提高你的社交技能。志愿服务是认识新朋友的好方法，尤其是当你刚到一个地方的时候。它发展了你与社区的联系，拓宽了你的人际关系网，并为你提供了认识有共同兴趣的人、社区资源和有趣活动的机会)”可知，文章主要讲述了志愿服务可以帮助我们和别人建立联系。选项A“Volunteering connects you to others(志愿服务将你与他人联系起来)”与本段内容相符，是本段的主要内容。故选A。
2. 根据空后“others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people.(另一些人则很害羞，很难结识新朋友)”可推测，空处和下文内容形成对比。选项C“While some people are naturally outgoing(有些人天生外向)”讲述的是有些人天生外向，和空后的有些人很害羞形成对比，符合句意。故选C。
3. 根据空后“Working with pets and other animals has also been shown to help you feel more relaxed and less anxious.(与宠物和其他动物一起工作也被证明能让你感到更放松，减少焦虑)”可知，与宠物和其他动物一起工作可以帮助缓解焦虑。选项F“Nothing lessens stress better than a meaningful connection to another person(没有什么比和另一个人建立有意义的联系更能减轻压力了)”与下文内容相符，指的是志愿服务有助于减轻我们的压力。故选F。
4. 根据上文“Studies have found that older volunteers are likely to walk more, find it easier to complete everyday tasks, and have better thinking skills.(研究发现，年龄较大的志愿者可能会走得更多，更容易完成日常任务，思维能力也更好)”可知，年龄较大的志愿者可能会走得更多，更容易完成日常任务，思维能力也更好。选项E“Volunteering can also cut the risk of heart problems(志愿者也可以降低患心脏病的风险)”与本段内容相符，指的是志愿服务对我们的身体也是有好处的。故选E。
5. 根据空前的“If you’re considering a new job, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field.(如果你正在考虑一份新工作，志愿活动可以帮助你在你感兴趣的领域获得经验，并结识该领域的人)”可知，如果你正在考虑一份新工作，可以考虑志愿服务。选项D“Even if you’re not planning on changing your job(即使你不打算换工作)”与上文内容形成对比。上文假设的是如果你打算换工作，可以考虑志愿服务；而空处指的是如果不打算换工作，则可以有空后的好处，即“volunteering gives you the chance to practise important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, problem solving, project planning, task management, and organization.(志愿活动给你机会练习在工作场所使用的重要技能，如团队合作、沟通、解决问题、项目计划、任务管理和组织)”。故选D。
Passage 7
（22-23高一下·福建龙岩·期中）From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. 1 Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. 2 You are born a winner. You can be a success only if you make the right choice.
3 Your level of self-esteem (自尊) is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself，and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can control your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. 4
5 If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.
A．Success is the result of hard work.
B．Success is a choice and not a chance.
C．Everything happens as a result of something.
D．Successful people realize that they are responsible.
E．Developing confidence is the only way to future success.
F．You cannot be successful without first developing your self- esteem.
G．Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.
【答案】1. G 2. B 3. F 4. D 5. C
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章主要围绕成功是一种选择而不是一种偶然这一论点展开论述。
1. 根据空前“From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings.(从现在开始，不要把你宝贵的时间花在思考你失败和缺点的原因上)”可知，不要把你宝贵的时间花在思考你失败和缺点的原因上，空处应是接着说应该怎么做，G项“相反，要意识到成功的种子在你出生时就已经种在你体内了”符合语境，G项中“the seeds of success”与下一句中的“those seeds”呼应，故选G。
2. 根据本段末句“You can be a success only if you make the right choice.(只有做出正确的选择，你才能成功)”可知，只有做出正确的选择才能成功，B项“成功是一种选择，而不是一种偶然”与下文语义一致，故选B。
3. 根据下文“Your level of self-esteem (自尊) is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself, and thus over your life.(自尊的程度总是建立在你对自己的控制程度上，从而也建立在你对生活的控制程度上)”可知，本段是描述自尊和成功的关系，F项“如果不先培养自尊，你是不可能成功的”符合语境，故选F。
4. 上文“Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance.(失败者认为一切都是偶然发生的)”描述了失败者对生活中发生的事情的态度，空处应是接着说成功者的态度，D项“成功人士意识到他们是负责任的”符合语境，D项也与前文“You can control your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life.(只有在你相信自己对生活中发生的一切负责的程度上，你才能控制自己的生活)”呼应，故选D。
5. 根据下文“If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe.(如果我们能找出原因，我们就能控制结果)”可知，此处是描述事情发生的因果关系，C项“任何事情的发生都是某件事的结果”符合语境，故选C。
Passage 8
（22-23高一下·河北张家口·期中）Volunteers make a significant difference in the lives of others. Often, they perform with the intention of helping those in need. 1 Certain activities can have therapeutic (治疗的) effects. From lowering stress to increasing self-confidence, volunteering offers many health benefits.
2 Volunteers perform important roles in their duties. They serve as greeters providing patient room information and directions and as Critical Care waiting room attendants. Outside of a healthcare setting, volunteers improve our beaches, parks, and other public services. Volunteers’ work is necessary to everyday processes, providing them with a sense of purpose.
Volunteering helps you meet others and develop new relationships. One of the best ways to make new friends and strengthen existing relationships is to take part in a shared activity. 3 Spending your time working as a volunteer also helps you expand your network and practice social skills with others.
Volunteering helps you develop a feeling of gratitude. This social emotion isn’t always the easiest to express due to inherent vulnerability (固有的脆弱性), but it can strengthen relationships with those closest to you. Volunteering allows you to take a step back to look at the bigger picture, which can help you realize never take life for granted and always be appreciative of what you have. 4
Volunteering may reduce stress levels. 5 By enjoying time spent in service to others, you will feel a sense of meaning and appreciation, both given and received, which can have a stress-reducing effect.
A．What do you hope to get out of volunteering
B．There are many organizations that actively seek volunteers.
C．It’s the little things you have that give you a sense of satisfaction.
D．Volunteering teaches valuable skills and gives a sense of purpose.
E．Volunteering may strengthen a person’s social networks to relieve stress.
F．But do you know that volunteering can benefit your own health as well
G．Volunteering is a great way to meet new people who share common interests with you.
【答案】1. F 2. D 3. G 4. C 5. E
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章说明了志愿服务不仅能够帮助他人，而且能够令志愿者自身受益，可以帮助志愿者体会使命感、拓展人际关系、培养感激的情感以及缓解压力。
1. 根据上文“Often, they perform with the intention of helping those in need.（通常，他们服务的目的是帮助那些需要帮助的人。）”和下文“Certain activities can have therapeutic (治疗的) effects. From lowering stress to increasing self-confidence, volunteering offers many health benefits.（某些活动可能具有治疗作用。从减轻压力到增强自信，志愿活动对健康有很多好处。）”可知，空处会从志愿服务帮助他人过渡到志愿服务对志愿者也有好处，F项“But do you know that volunteering can benefit your own health as well （但是你知道志愿服务对你自己的健康也有好处吗？）”符合语境，起到过渡的作用，其中的benefit与下文的health benefits呼应。故选F。
2. 根据下文“Volunteers perform important roles in their duties. They serve as greeters providing patient room information and directions and as Critical Care waiting room attendants. Outside of a healthcare setting, volunteers improve our beaches, parks, and other public services. Volunteers’ work is necessary to everyday processes, providing them with a sense of purpose.（志愿者在他们的职责中发挥着重要作用。他们作为迎宾员提供病房信息和方向，并作为重症监护候诊室的服务员。在医疗保健机构之外，志愿者还改善了我们的海滩、公园和其他公共服务。志愿者的工作是日常生活中必不可少的，这给了他们一种使命感。）”可知，本段主要讨论志愿服务在社会生活中的重要作用和其中的使命感，空处需涉及志愿服务的使命感，D项“Volunteering teaches valuable skills and gives a sense of purpose.（志愿活动教会人们宝贵的技能，并赋予人们使命感。）”符合语境，可统领本段。故选D。
3. 根据上文“Volunteering helps you meet others and develop new relationships. One of the best ways to make new friends and strengthen existing relationships is to take part in a shared activity.（志愿服务可以帮助你认识别人，发展新的关系。结交新朋友和加强现有关系的最好方法之一就是参加共同的活动。）”可知，本段在讨论志愿服务对于拓展人际关系的好处，空处会具体说明其原因，G项“Volunteering is a great way to meet new people who share common interests with you.（志愿服务是认识与你有共同兴趣的新朋友的好方法。）”符合语境，其中的new people和上文的new friends呼应。故选G。
4. 根据上文“Volunteering allows you to take a step back to look at the bigger picture, which can help you realize never take life for granted and always be appreciative of what you have.（志愿活动可以让你退后一步，看看更大的格局，这可以帮助你意识到永远不要把生活视为理所当然，永远要感激你所拥有的。）”可知，本段讨论的是志愿服务对于发展感激情感的好处，空处会承接感激这一话题，C项“It’s the little things you have that give you a sense of satisfaction.（你拥有的小事情会给你带来满足感。）”符合语境，其中的satisfaction和上文的be appreciative of呼应。故选C。
5. 根据上文“Volunteering may reduce stress levels.（志愿活动可以减轻压力。）”可知，本段讨论的是志愿服务对于缓解压力的好处，空处应承接这一话题，E项“Volunteering may strengthen a person’s social networks to relieve stress.（志愿活动可以加强一个人的社交网络，从而缓解压力。）”符合语境，其中的relieve stress与上文的reduce stress level呼应，social networks与下文的service to others呼应。故选E。
Passage 9
（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Whether you’re looking to lose a few pounds, spend more time at the gym or learn a language, turning bad habits into good ones is all about self-control. Some of us have more than others. And research shows that those with more self-control tend to be happier. But the problem is that we usually only get rewarded in the future. 1
Michael Inzlicht is a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a self-control researcher. He says that the ironic thing about self-control is that those who are really good at it don’t have to practice it. 2 When you love and desire something that tends to be better for you, like studying, working hard or exercising, for example, you don’t have to think about doing it. Inzlicht says that these types of individuals generally have what’s called “trait self-control” meaning it’s an aspect of their personality.
When it comes to improving self-control, Inzlicht says it’s difficult to change the personality that you’re born with. 3 A wide body of research shows that you can improve self-control for a particular behavior you want to change or a habit you’d like to develop. For example, Inzlicht says that when we get paid to make life changes, we’re more likely to make them. Some gyms will charge you a certain amount of money for a year-long membership and then give you a few cents back every time you come. 4
5 Part of failing at developing self-control is in getting frustrated at yourself for not changing overnight. If you’re building self-control in losing weight, for instance, don’t try switching to nothing but fruits and vegetables all at once because it’s too dramatic a change — not to mention unsustainable.
A．However, this doesn’t mean you can do nothing about it.
B．Another tip for success, says Inzlicht, is making gradual steps.
C．Even a small amount of money can encourage people to work out.
D．They can maintain the good habits all the time without much effort.
E．Thus, we are constantly weighing whether to wait or to have it right now.
F．Don’t be afraid of frustration, since it is necessary for your improvement.
G．Actually, self-control improvement can bring about benefits to all individuals.
【答案】1. E 2. D 3. A 4. C 5. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了自控力强的人往往更快乐，虽然真正擅长自控的人无需刻意练习，而且人们难以改变天生性格，但依然有一些方法可以提升自控力，例如针对特定行为或习惯，用报酬加以激励，以及循序渐进。
1. 前文“And research shows that those with more self-control tend to be happier. But the problem is that we usually only get rewarded in the future. (研究表明，自控能力强的人往往更快乐。但问题是，我们通常只在未来得到奖励)”指出自控能力强可以带来快乐，但这种快乐在未来才能得到，因此E项“Thus, we are constantly weighing whether to wait or to have it right now. (因此，我们不断地权衡是等待还是现在就拥有它)”符合语境，表明我们会纠结于是自控以得到未来的快乐，还是不自控现在就获得快乐，是前文矛盾的结果，承接前文。故选E。
2. 前文“He says that the ironic thing about self-control is that those who are really good at it don’t have to practice it. (他说，具有讽刺意味的是，那些真正擅长自我控制的人并不需要练习自我控制)”指出擅长自控的人不需要练习自控，后文“When you love and desire something that tends to be better for you, like studying, working hard or exercising, for example, you don’t have to think about doing it. (当你喜欢并渴望一些对你更好的事情时，比如学习、努力工作或锻炼，你不必考虑去做)”用具体的例子说明这种自控可以自然发生，因此D项“They can maintain the good habits all the time without much effort. (他们可以毫不费力地一直保持好习惯)”符合语境，说明这样的人可以轻松保持好习惯，是对前文的解释，后文是对其例证，选项中的They指代前文的those who are really good at it。故选D。
3. 前文“When it comes to improving self-control, Inzlicht says it’s difficult to change the personality that you’re born with. (说到提高自我控制能力，Inzlicht说，很难改变你与生俱来的性格)”指出提高自控力很困难，后文“A wide body of research shows that you can improve self-control for a particular behavior you want to change or a habit you’d like to develop. (大量的研究表明，你可以提高你想要改变的特定行为或你想要养成的习惯的自制力)”说明特定行为或习惯的自控力是可以提升的，因此A项“However, this doesn’t mean you can do nothing about it. (然而，这并不意味着你对此无能为力)”符合语境，指出提高自控力也是有办法的，和前文构成转折，引出后文，其中的this指代前一句话。故选A。
4. 前文“For example, Inzlicht says that when we get paid to make life changes, we’re more likely to make them. Some gyms will charge you a certain amount of money for a year-long membership and then give you a few cents back every time you come. (例如，Inzlicht说，当我们因为改变生活而得到报酬时，我们更有可能做出改变。有些健身房会向你收取一定数额的一年会员费，然后每次你来的时候都会返还你几美分)”指出报酬可以推动人做出改变，并举出健身房返还一小部分费用的例子，因此C项“Even a small amount of money can encourage people to work out. (即使是少量的钱也能鼓励人们去锻炼)”符合语境，说明被返还的费用可以让人坚持锻炼，承接前文。故选C。
5. 后文“Part of failing at developing self-control is in getting frustrated at yourself for not changing overnight. If you’re building self-control in losing weight, for instance, don’t try switching to nothing but fruits and vegetables all at once because it’s too dramatic a change — not to mention unsustainable. (发展自我控制失败的部分原因是对自己没有在一夜之间改变而感到沮丧。例如，如果你在减肥过程中建立自我控制，不要试图一下子只吃水果和蔬菜，因为这是一个太大的变化——更不用说不可持续了)”指出培养自控不是一蹴而就的事情，并以减肥中饮食的改变为例加以说明，因此B项“Another tip for success, says Inzlicht, is making gradual steps. (Inzlicht说，成功的另一个秘诀是循序渐进)”符合语境，点明培养自控需要循序渐进，契合后文内容，适合作为段落主旨句。故选B。
Passage 10
（23-24高一下·四川成都·期中）The youth are like the early spring, the morning sun and the budding(萌芽的) flowers. There’s no denying that youth is the most valuable time of life. During this period of time, habits and interests that will continue for the rest of your life are formed and developed. 1 — so the earlier you cultivate (培养) the youth spirit, the more likely you will achieve success in life.
Be self-reliant and self-motivated. Sure, you might have parents and friends to help you, but ultimately, you must rely on yourself. 2 , which enables you to get through the challenges of life. No one can force you to get good grades or get an excellent job. 3 . Only you can be the author of your own life.
4 . Train yourself to be strong when times get tough. Anything worth doing isn’t easy. Tell yourself that you can make it whatever obstacles (障碍) stand in your way as long as you won’t give up. After all the trials and errors, you will thank perseverance for guiding you to success.
Work hard. As Albert Einstein once put it, “Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗珠).” Young and talented as you are, without diligence, you can hardly bring out your potentials. As a result, don’t waste time admiring others’ success or daydreaming. 5 .
In conclusion, the prime of youth, the most vibrant and energetic period in life, is also the most fleeting (转瞬即逝的). Let’s capture the spirit of youth and turn our dreams into reality.
A．Be persevering
B．Be brave
C．It is really significant to cherish it
D．Instead, go all out and see how far you can go
E．Those responsibilities are yours and yours alone
F．However, it’s a relatively brief period in one’s life
G．It builds your character and makes you independent
【答案】1. F 2. G 3. E 4. A 5. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了怎样培养青春精神，使自己在生活中取得成功。
1. 上文“There’s no denying that youth is the most valuable time of life. During this period of time, habits and interests that will continue for the rest of your life are formed and developed. (不可否认，青春是人生最宝贵的时光。在这段时间里，习惯和兴趣会在你的余生中形成和发展。)”说明青春期是重要时期，选项F“然而，这是一个人一生中相对短暂的时期”转折语义，说明青春期很短暂，引出下文“so the earlier you cultivate(培养) the youth spirit, the more likely you will achieve success in life.( 因此，你越早培养青春精神，你就越有可能在生活中取得成功。)”和上文构成因果关系。故选F项。
2. 上文“Be self-reliant and self-motivated. Sure, you might have parents and friends to help you, but ultimately, you must rely on yourself. (要自力更生，自我激励。当然，你可能有父母和朋友帮助你，但最终，你必须依靠自己。)”说明要独立自主，自力更生，选项G“它塑造你的性格，使你独立”承接上文，说明青春期塑造自己独立的品格，下文“which enables you to get through the challenges of life.(这使你能够度过生活中的挑战。)”是非限制性定语从句，对空处作进一步说明。故选G项。
3. 上文“No one can force you to get good grades or get an excellent job. (没有人能强迫你取得好成绩或找到一份好工作。)”说明没有人将责任强加于你，选项E“这些责任是你的，而且是你一个人的”承接上文，说明责任是你自己的，不是别人强加的，引出下文“Only you can be the author of your own life.(只有你才能成为自己生活的作者。)”，强调自己就是自己的主人。故选E项。
4. 下文“Train yourself to be strong when times get tough. Anything worth doing isn’t easy. Tell yourself that you can make it whatever obstacles(障碍) stand in your way as long as you won’t give up. After all the trials and errors, you will thank perseverance for guiding you to success. (训练自己在困难的时候变得坚强。任何值得做的事都不容易。告诉自己，只要你不放弃，不管前方有什么障碍，你都能成功。在所有的尝试和错误之后，你会感谢毅力指引你走向成功。)”说明要有毅力，不放弃，选项A“坚持不懈”概括本段主题，建议坚持不懈。故选A项。
5. 上文“As a result, don’t waste time admiring others’ success or daydreaming. (因此，不要浪费时间欣赏别人的成功或做白日梦。)”建议不要把时间和精力浪费在杂念上，选项D“相反，全力以赴，看看你能走多远”转折语义，建议要全力以赴，脚踏实地奋勇向前。故选D项。
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（22-23高一下·浙江温州·期末）Every day, we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing. Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times, we don’t. 1 And what drives some people to take the moral high ground
Jessie Sun interviewed 952 people about the motivations(动机) for moral behavior and the changes they wished to make in their lives in order to become more morally good.
When we think about morals, we often think about making “personal sacrifices(牺牲)” for the greater good. In Sun’s study, she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves. 2 And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general.
Moreover, many people believe that acting more morally—for example, being more thoughtful, more open-minded—would increase their own well-being. The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves, the more they reported being encouraged to make that change. 3 That was the most surprising finding in the study.
4 Interestingly, participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest. You can imagine that some people regularly tell white lies to save other people’s feelings, and they believe it would be hurtful if they were honest.
Researchers also asked people about the things they’d like to improve about themselves. If they’re extremely shy, they usually want to become more comfortable in social situations. But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful, they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose. 5
A．How can we become more moral
B．So, why do we make these choices
C．Being moral just isn’t what most people consider first.
D．Being moral means different things to different people.
E．But people see some disadvantages of being moral, too.
F．In short, many people want to become more moral for their own benefits.
G．Sixteen percent said that they most wanted to become more moral for their family.
【答案】1. B 2. G 3. F 4. E 5. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们决定变得有道德背后的动机。
1. 前文“Every day, we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing. Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times, we don’t.(每天，我们都面临着一系列做正确事情的机会。有时我们会抓住这些时刻；其他时候，我们不会。)”提到了有的时候我们会抓住机会做正确的事情，而有的时候则不会。后文“And what drives some people to take the moral high ground (是什么驱使一些人走上道德高地？)”提出了对这种情况的另一个疑问。由此可知，空处应是对前文所述情况提出的疑问，B项“那么，我们为什么会做出这些决定？”符合题意。故选B。
2. 前文“In Sun’s study, she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves.(在孙的研究中，她发现近一半的参与者表示，他们最受鼓励的是为自己变得更有道德。)”讲述了近一半参与者想为自己变得有道德。后文“And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general.(更少的参与者表示，他们最想让朋友和普通人受益。)”讲述了较少的参与者想为朋友和普通人变得有道德。空处应承上启下，讲述参与者为其他原因而变得有道德，G项“16%的人表示，他们最想为自己的家庭变得更有道德。”符合题意。故选G。
3. 前文“The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves, the more they reported being encouraged to make that change.(他们越是相信自己的道德改变会给自己带来积极的结果，他们就越是被鼓励做出这种改变。)”讲述了相信道德上的改变会给自己带来积极的结果会让人们有动力去改变，空处应进一步对这种行为进行评价，F项“简言之，许多人想要为了让自己受益而变得更有道德。”符合题意。故选F。
4. 空处是本段主旨句。根据下文中的“Interestingly, participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest.(有趣的是，参与者通常认为，如果他们诚实的话，可能会对自己和他人造成伤害。)”可知，有道德可能会产生伤害，所以E项“但人们也看到了道德的一些弊端。”符合题意。故选E。
5. 前文“But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful, they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose.(但如果他们不是特别诚实或体贴，他们通常不会故意改善生活的这些方面。)”可知，人们不会有意去改善自己道德上的不足，空处应承接上文，对上文进一步进行说明，C项“道德并不是大多数人首先考虑的。”符合题意。故选C。
Passage 12
（22-23高一下·重庆·阶段练习）How can positive psychology help in trying times
“Positive psychology is not about denying difficult emotions. It’s about opening to what is happening here and now, and cultivating and enjoying the good in your life,” says Ron Siegel, assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School.
Growing evidence suggests that positive psychology techniques can indeed be valuable in times of stress, grief, or other difficulties. 1 . Here are three positive psychology practices you can try.
Be more mindful
Mindfulness is the practice of purposely focusing your attention on the present moment and accepting it without judgement. 2 . Formal mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been shown to help reduce physical and psychological symptoms in people facing a variety of challenges, including cancer and chronic pain.
3
Research suggests that people who volunteer their time tend to be happier than those who don’t. 4 . Try this exercise: When you have a free afternoon, flip a coin. Heads, do something for yourself. Tails, do something to help your community or another person. Notice how you feel at the time and in the hours and days that follow.
Practice gratitude
Gratitude is a thankful appreciation for what you receive, whether tangible or intangible. With gratitude, you acknowledge the goodness in your life. 5 .Our brains are wired to take note of when things go wrong. But keeping a gratitude journal — writing down things you’re thankful for — makes you more aware of when things go right.
A．Spend time wisely
B．Share some kindness
C．You can apply this to your past, the present, and the future
D．They may also help you recover more rapidly after unpleasant events
E．Those who give charitable donations may even get a small mood boost
F．Positive psychology focused mainly on pursuing rewarding experiences
G．Learning to live more in the present is especially helpful when the future is uncertain
【答案】1. D 2. G 3. B 4. E 5. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是帮助你更容易处理困难所采取的三种积极心理学的方法。
1. 根据空前的“Growing evidence suggests that positive psychology techniques can indeed be valuable in times of stress, grief, or other difficulties.(越来越多的证据表明，积极心理学技术在压力、悲伤或其他困难时期确实很有价值。)”可知，在有困难时积极心理学的方法的确很有价值，D选项“They may also help you recover more rapidly after unpleasant events(它们还可以帮助你在不愉快的事件后更快地恢复过来)”讲述的内容是积极心理学技能的积极作用，其中的“unpleasant events”与空前中“stress, grief, or other difficulties”内容一致，且代词they指代的内容与空前的positive psychology techniques一致。故选D项。
2. 根据空前的“Mindfulness is the practice of purposely focusing your attention on the present moment and accepting it without judgement.(正念是有意识地把注意力集中在当下，不加评判地接受它的一种练习。)”可知，正念是将注意力关注当下，不加评判地接受的训练，G选项“Learning to live more in the present is especially helpful when the future is uncertain(当未来不确定时，学会更多地活在当下尤其有用)”讲述的是在未来不明确时，学会活在当下特别有用，其中的“Learning to live more in the present”与空前内容一致。故选G项。
3. 分析语篇可知，此处应为本段的主题句，其它段落的主题句为祈使句，所以此空处应为祈使句，根据下文中的“Research suggests that people who volunteer their time tend to be happier than those who don’t.(研究表明，自愿奉献时间的人往往比不这样做的人更快乐。)”可知，研究发现，愿意贡献时间的人比不愿贡献时间的人快乐，以及“Try this exercise: When you have a free afternoon, flip a coin. Heads, do something for yourself. Tails, do something to help your community or another person.(试试这个练习：当你下午有空的时候，抛硬币。正面，为自己做点什么。反面，做一些帮助你的社区或其他人的事情。)”可知，选择做一些帮助社区或者他人的事情，由此可知，本段讲述的与做善事有关系，B选项“Share some kindness”为祈使句，且内容与本段内容相关，概括本段的主题。故选B项。
4. 根据空前的“Research suggests that people who volunteer their time tend to be happier than those who don’t.(研究表明，自愿奉献时间的人往往比不这样做的人更快乐。)”以及空后的“Try this exercise: When you have a free afternoon, flip a coin. Heads, do something for yourself. Tails, do something to help your community or another person.(试试这个练习：当你下午有空的时候，抛硬币。正面，为自己做点什么。反面，做一些帮助你的社区或其他人的事情。)”可知空前与空后讲述的内容均与做善事有关系，由此可以推断，该空处应与做善事有关系，E选项“Those who give charitable donations may even get a small mood boost(那些进行慈善捐赠的人甚至可能会得到一点情绪上的提升)”讲述的是做慈善的人的情绪可以到的小小的提升，符合本段的主题，与空前和空后的内容吻合。故选E项。
5. 根据空前的“With gratitude, you acknowledge the goodness in your life.(带着感激，你承认生活中的美好。)”可知，怀着感恩之心，你会感谢生活中的美好，根据空后的“Our brains are wired to take note of when things go wrong. But keeping a gratitude journal — writing down things you’re thankful for — makes you more aware of when things go right.(我们的大脑会记录下什么时候出错。但是写感恩日记——写下你感激的事情——会让你更清楚事情什么时候进展顺利。)”可知，写感恩日记会让你记得什么时候事情更顺利，C选项“You can apply this to your past, the present, and the future(你可以把它应用到你的过去、现在和未来)”讲述的是可以把心怀感激之情用到过去、现在和将来，与空后讲述的写感恩日记相关，且其中的this指代的内容为空前的内容一致。故选C项。
Passage 13
（22-23高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Why Do People Volunteer
Many people volunteer for social causes on a regular basis. While a few people receive happiness from their efforts, others learn from their actions. Every individual has different reasons on why he/she volunteers for campaigns and social activities. Here are some common reasons behind volunteering.
Satisfaction from giving back
Some people do not hold any selfish motives behind volunteering to help others. 1 , but have it with a purpose. Many of these people find it satisfactory to help needy individuals. This is due to their feeling of giving back to the society as a return to what they received. 2 .
Spending free time
There are individuals who can spare a lot of time that needs to be invested in a fruitful activity. 3 , they might be struck by the thought of volunteering. Thus, they go on to serve other people by offering their spare time.
Meeting new people
Volunteers are those people who love to meet new people and make friendships too. 4 . It is the same as people going to a community garden to find like-minded people.
Gaining new skills
5 Some people feel that volunteering for an activity in a particular environment can make them learn new concepts that can further be applied in their professional work environment. Thus, they acquire workplace experience when on volunteer visits.
A．Volunteers tend to be sociable
B．When they look for such an activity
C．Although such an activity is fruitful
D．They have a selfless concern toward people in need
E．Volunteering can also be done to obtain additional knowledge
F．They may be looking for other individuals with similar interests
G．Giving something to others provides them with pleasure and internal fulfillment
【答案】1. D 2. G 3. B 4. F 5. E
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了人们从事志愿服务的原因。
1. 根据上文“Some people do not hold any selfish motives behind volunteering to help others.(有些人在自愿帮助别人的背后没有任何自私的动机)”以及后文“but have it with a purpose(但也有目的)”可知，上文提到了有些人无私帮助别人，后文but表示转折，与本句构成转折，故D选项“他们对有需要的人有无私的关怀”符合语境，故选D。
2. 根据标题“Satisfaction from giving back(回馈带来的满足感)”以及上文“Many of these people find it satisfactory to help needy individuals. This is due to their feeling of giving back to the society as a return to what they received.(这些人中的许多人觉得帮助有需要的人是令人满意的。这是由于他们回馈社会的感觉，作为对他们所得到的回报)”可知，本句旨在说明回馈社会得到的回报：给予别人一些东西会给他们带来快乐和内心的满足。故G选项“给予别人一些东西会给他们带来快乐和内心的满足”符合语境，故选G。
3. 根据上文“There are individuals who can spare a lot of time that needs to be invested in a fruitful activity.(有些人可以把大量的时间投入到富有成效的活动中)”以及后文“they might be struck by the thought of volunteering(他们可能会被志愿服务的想法所打动)”可知，上文提到了有些人可以把大量的时间投入到富有成效的活动中，后文提到被志愿服务想法打动，推测本句是在说明他们寻找富有成效的活动，故B选项“当他们寻找这样的活动时”符合语境，故选B。
4. 根据上文“Volunteers are those people who love to meet new people and make friendships too.(志愿者是那些喜欢认识新朋友和交朋友的人)”以及后文“It is the same as people going to a community garden to find like-minded people.(这就像人们去社区花园寻找志同道合的人一样)”可知，上文提到志愿者是那些喜欢认识新朋友和交朋友的人，后文则说就像人们去社区花园寻找志同道合的人一样，说明志愿者寻找的是有相似兴趣的人，故F选项“他们可能在寻找其他有相似兴趣的人”符合语境，故选F。
5. 根据后文“Some people feel that volunteering for an activity in a particular environment can make them learn new concepts that can further be applied in their professional work environment. Thus, they acquire workplace experience when on volunteer visits.(有些人觉得在特定环境中做志愿者可以让他们学到新的概念，这些概念可以进一步应用到他们的专业工作环境中。因此，他们在志愿者访问中获得了工作经验)”可知，后文提到了志愿者可以学到新的概念，即获得额外的知识，故E选项“志愿服务也可以获得额外的知识”符合语境，故选E。
Passage 14
（22-23高一下·北京朝阳·期末）Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. 1
We firstly studied acts of kindness done for familiar people such as friends, classmates or family. 2 For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates. Across these experiments, we asked both the person performing a kind act and the one receiving it to fill out questionnaires (问卷).
Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts. 3 The receivers felt significantly better than the kind actors expected. The receivers also reliably rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
4 In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. 5
A．So why not choose kindness when we can
B．For another, it was clear that performers undervalued their impacts.
C．From one situation to the next, the specific acts of kindness differed.
D．We found that participants didn’t realize their positive impacts on strangers as well.
E．Our research also revealed one reason why people may not realize their actions’ impacts.
F．We compared the performers’ expectation of the receivers’ moods with their actual experiences.
G．It is because people performing kind acts undervalue how much receivers value their behaviour.
【答案】1. G 2. C 3. B 4. D 5. A
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍了行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利（Nicholas Epley）和作者进行了一系列研究，得出的结论是，友善的行为就像为某人买一杯咖啡一样简单，可以提升一个人的幸福感。
1. 上文“Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. (行为科学家尼古拉斯·埃普利（Nicholas Epley）和我进行了一系列研究，得出的结论是，友善的行为就像为某人买一杯咖啡一样简单，可以提升一个人的幸福感。日常生活为这种行为提供了许多机会，然而人们并不总是能抓住它们。)”指出友善的行为可以提升一个人的幸福感，但是人们在日常生活中并不总是能抓住机会表现出友善，空处承接上文，指出起原因，G项“这是因为表现善良的人低估了接受者对他们行为的重视程度。”符合，故选G。
2. 根据下文“For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates.(例如，在一个实验中，人们给朋友和家人写便条“仅仅是因为”。在另一个实验中，他们把纸杯蛋糕送给同事。)”可知，实验过程中，不同的情况善行是不同的，C项“从一个情况到下一个情况，具体的善行不同。”符合，引起下文，故选C。
3. 根据上文“Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts.(在我们的研究中，出现了几种强烈的模式。一方面，善意行为的表现者和接受者在这些善意行为之后都比正常情绪更加积极。)”中的For one可知，此处介绍了强烈模式中的一方面，空处应该是介绍另一方面，B项“另一方面，很明显表演者低估了他们的影响力。”符合，For one和For another相呼应，故选B。
4. 下文“In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.(在一个实验中，参与者在一个公园的溜冰场里，在一个寒冷的冬天给陌生人送热巧克力。再次，这种体验比执行者对接收者的期望更积极。虽然分发热巧克力的人认为这种行为相对较小，但是对于接受者来说却很重要。)”介绍实验发现参与者没有意识到他们对陌生人的积极影响，D项“我们发现参与者也没有意识到他们对陌生人的积极影响。”符合，故选D。
5. 上文“These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for, These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. (这些发现表明，当我们决定是否为别人做一件好事时，那些看起来微不足道的事情对于我们为之做事的人来说可能意义重大。这些温暖的行为可以改善我们自己的情绪健康，并照亮别人的一天。)”对文章进行了总结，指出了善行的重要意义，A项“所以为什么不在可以的时候选择善良呢？”承接上文，呼应我们要善行，故选A。
Passage 15
（22-23高一下·江西南昌·阶段练习）When people think about travelling around the world, they would never dream of going on foot. But Alexander Campbell, a 27-year-old man in Sydney, has begun a four-year hike to walk 40,000 kilometres across 30 countries and four continents. The trip will raise funds for the Fred Hollows Foundation(基金会). 1
Mr. Campbell loves long-distance hiking and started his journey from the Opera House in February and made his way through western Sydney to Penrith and onto the Blue Mountains.
“ 2 By the time I am in far north Queensland and the Northern Territory(领土) it wil专题-S322七选五 人教版必修三 题型特训
UNIT 2 Morals and Virtues
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高一下·山东临沂·期中）As is known to us all, honesty has always been a traditional virtue in China. Despite the passage of time, honesty has been passed down as a mainstream value. 1
A famous Chinese idiom (成语) , yinuo qianjin, tells such a story. In the early Western Han Dynasty (206 BC-AD 24) , a general named Ji Bu was known for being courageous and honest. Legend has it that whenever Ji made a promise, he would make an effort to keep it. 2 There was a saying widely spread: It is better to have a promise from Ji Bu than to get hundreds of ounces (盎司) of gold.
3 During the Qing Dynasty (1644-1911) , Li Daquan, a successful businessman in Shanxi province, was visited by a friend who came up with a new idea. In ancient China, carrying a large amount of cash was not only a heavy burden (负担) but could also put the owner in danger. His friend proposed that a draft (汇票) be issued to replace the real cash. This draft was not only a promise to pay, but also could be cashed everywhere. Li readily agreed and kept his word. The story soon got around, and Li’s honesty brought him a flood of customers and a good business. 4 Such is the beginning of the Chinese banking industry. His banking business finally expanded into 35 branches across the country. Rishengchang has been preserved and turned into a museum now.
In today’s China, the spirit of honesty is still well-respected. China selects national role models every year. 5
A．Everyone should try to be an honest person.
B．Honesty is priceless and honesty also brings creativity.
C．Such a virtue of honesty earned him a good popularity.
D．China is a famous country that values and respects honesty.
E．Li Daquan later set up China’s first draft bank, Rishengchang.
F．It is also shown in countless stories throughout China’s history.
G．Their stories are told across the country to promote the virtue of honesty.
Passage 2
（23-24高一下·安徽马鞍山·阶段练习）Dealing with school stress is something most students have to learn to do during the course of their education. 1 Here are some tips for you to beat school stress.
2 . Is there a certain person, or thing that’s causing you to feel stressed out An important tool in learning to deal with your stress is to find out more about what’s causing mon reasons for stress at school include homework, grades, the lack of sleep and bullying. If you are being bullied, talk to your parents and your teachers. 3 .
Ask for help. 4 , find someone to help you. Everyone has to ask for help at times. Asking for help doesn’t mean you’re not independent or clever. Instead, it’s a sign of real cleverness to know your limitations.
Practice thought-stopping. Sometimes feeling overwhelmed (不知所措) in a stressful situation leads to fast, or “racing” thoughts. If this happens to you, try a way named “thought-stopping”. 5 . You may try saying. “That’s enough of those thoughts for now. I will get busy and come back to this after lunch.”
A．Know the source of your stress
B．When you have stress, keep an objective attitude
C．Get to know the way your body experiences stress
D．If you don’t know how to deal with a stressful thing
E．They may try their best to help you solve the problem
F．However, many students still don’t know how to deal with it
G．This means stopping your thoughts and turning your attention to something else for a while
Passage 3
（22-23高一下·新疆喀什·期中）Much has been written about the wonders of the World Wide Web. There are countless articles telling us how the internet has made our lives more convenient. We no longer have to wait in line or carry cash around when we go shopping. We can download software whenever we need them. 1 People’s lives have been changed by online communities and social networks.
Jan Tchamani, an English teacher in Birmingham, UK, suddenly developed a serious illness and had to quit her job. At age 50, she stuck at home with only her computer to keep her company. After a while, she discovered that surfing the Internet could help her feel less lonely and bored. 2 She also joined an online group where she could talk about her problems and get support and advice from others.
She was so inspired by the people she met online that she decided to start an IT club.
3 A 59-year-old man learnt how to apply for work online and found a great job. Now that he works and can take care of himself. A 61-year-old woman who was living alone has started a small online company together with two friends. 4
Jan has started taking online classes to learn more about how to make society better. She believes that it is highly important to make sure that everyone has access to the Internet. 5
A．Her company has become quite successful.
B．Many people have been helped by the club.
C．And we benefit a great deal from the internet.
D．She and her friends now achieve a lot in the club.
E．She could listen to music, watch films, and explore the world.
F．Her next goal is to start a charity website to raise money for children in poor countries.
G．But the internet has done much more for people than simply make life more convenient.
Passage 4
（23-24高一下·河南新乡·期末）Life will always present challenges, but how you respond to them will lead your life’s tracks. To stay focused when you’re having a hard time, here are some things to keep in mind.
Reset your goals. Do you feel inspired by your life plan, or is it time for a new one Are your goals realistic 1 Taking a moment to pause and reflect will help ensure that your goals are attainable and will help grow your motivation.
2 Don’t be afraid to break your long-term goals into small steps to keep checking off along the way, and adjust the steps as you need. Having one goal is much harder to focus on than a few big goals or many small ones.
Remember what motivates you in the first place. Why do you start It doesn’t matter which motivation drives you. As long as it keeps you going, then it’s practical. Your motivation may look different compared to your friend’s, but that’s OK. 3
Take motivation from others. Talk to your friends or read a book to find inspiration. Be open-minded and learn how others find motivation. 4 Motivation comes from various sources, and listening to others might expand your view on how to gain it.
Take a break. It’s perfectly fine to step away from whatever task you’re working on and take a short break. You can’t expect yourself to keep your motivation for eight hours straight. 5 This allows us to reset our minds, and be more efficient when we need to get back on track.
A．Start small.
B．Reward yourself for your efforts.
C．If not, then take the time to set them again.
D．As a result, having a rest is a good habit to practice.
E．Stick with whatever motivates you, and don’t forget it.
F．The methods they use might cause some motivation for you.
G．Sometimes, you don’t want to do things because of your mood.
Passage 5
（22-23高一下·陕西渭南·期末）Volunteering can, in fact, help you reduce stress, learn new skills, find new friends, and make a real difference in your new community. If you give it a try, it might open the door to a revolutionary time in your life. 1
You can make a real difference.
You are extremely lucky. You have clean water, clothing, footwear, food, and access to free education. 2 Use your skills to make a real difference in your community.
Do you like to read Consider teaching. Do you love animals Work at an animal shelter. Are you handy Volunteer to build houses and schools for the less fortunate.
3
When you volunteer, you will find the things that drive you and make your heart pound with excitement. It changes your view. And it can also help you realize what you are truly supposed to do in your life.
Volunteering is good for your mind and body.
Helping others and being useful can bring you high satisfaction and motivation. 4 The social contact aspect of volunteering can have a powerful effect on your overall well-being.
Volunteering brings happiness to your life.
5 It will help you appreciate the amazing, generous life you’ve been given, and it will help you grow as a person.
A．Volunteering gives you a sense of purpose.
B．Maybe it’s time to give back a little.
C．Volunteering will make you feel good.
D．These are the foundation for a healthy mind and body.
E．With that in mind, here are four reasons why you should volunteer.
F．Studies have found that working with animals can reduce stress and anxiety.
G．After all, nothing fights stress better than a real connection with a like-minded person.
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高一下·山西运城·开学考试）Volunteering offers great help to people in need, worthwhile causes, and the community, but the benefits can be even greater for you, the volunteer.
1 . Being a volunteer helps you make new friends and improve your social skills. Volunteering is a great way to meet new people, especially if you are new to an area. It develops your ties to the community, broadens your support network (人际关系网) and offers you chances to know people with common interests, neighbourhood resources (资源), and fun activities.
2 , others are shy and have a hard time meeting new people. Volunteering gives you the chance to practise and develop your social skills, since you are often meeting with a group of people with common interests.
Volunteering is good for your mind and body. 3 . Working with pets and other animals has also been shown to help you feel more relaxed and less anxious. Studies have found that older volunteers are likely to walk more, find it easier to complete everyday tasks, and have better thinking skills. 4 .
If you’re considering a new job, volunteering can help you get experience in your area of interest and meet people in the field. 5 , volunteering gives you the chance to practise important skills used in the workplace, such as teamwork, communication, problem solving, project planning, task management, and organization. You might feel more comfortable stretching (伸展) your wings at work once you’ve improved these skills in a volunteer position (职位) first.
A．Volunteering connects you to others
B．Volunteering increases self-confidence
C．While some people are naturally outgoing
D．Even if you’re not planning on changing your job
E．Volunteering can also cut the risk of heart problems
F．Nothing lessens stress better than a meaningful connection to another person
G．Many people volunteer in order to make time for hobbies outside of work
Passage 7
（22-23高一下·福建龙岩·期中）From now on, never spend your precious time thinking of reasons for your failures and shortcomings. 1 Only you have the power to make those seeds grow.
The seeds, and the power to grow them, are contained in the most awesome machine ever created: the human mind. 2 You are born a winner. You can be a success only if you make the right choice.
3 Your level of self-esteem (自尊) is always based on the degree of control that you are able to exercise over yourself，and thus over your life. People with low self-esteem are people who do not believe that they have any power, or responsibility for their lives. They are leaves tossed (摇摆) by the winds of chance blown about with any sudden change in the weather. You can control your life only to the degree that you believe that you are responsible for everything that happens in your life. Failures think that everything happens by accident and chance. 4
5 If we can identify the cause, we can control the effect. We are responsible for what we choose to think and believe. One generally rises to the level that one expects. We are responsible for setting our expectations. Our success is dependent upon our level of confidence.
In short, in all areas of your life, whether they are financial, physical, emotional, or spiritual, you are responsible. Once you recognize this, accept it, and firmly believe it, you are on the road to success.
A．Success is the result of hard work.
B．Success is a choice and not a chance.
C．Everything happens as a result of something.
D．Successful people realize that they are responsible.
E．Developing confidence is the only way to future success.
F．You cannot be successful without first developing your self- esteem.
G．Instead, realize that the seeds of success were planted within you when you were born.
Passage 8
（22-23高一下·河北张家口·期中）Volunteers make a significant difference in the lives of others. Often, they perform with the intention of helping those in need. 1 Certain activities can have therapeutic (治疗的) effects. From lowering stress to increasing self-confidence, volunteering offers many health benefits.
2 Volunteers perform important roles in their duties. They serve as greeters providing patient room information and directions and as Critical Care waiting room attendants. Outside of a healthcare setting, volunteers improve our beaches, parks, and other public services. Volunteers’ work is necessary to everyday processes, providing them with a sense of purpose.
Volunteering helps you meet others and develop new relationships. One of the best ways to make new friends and strengthen existing relationships is to take part in a shared activity. 3 Spending your time working as a volunteer also helps you expand your network and practice social skills with others.
Volunteering helps you develop a feeling of gratitude. This social emotion isn’t always the easiest to express due to inherent vulnerability (固有的脆弱性), but it can strengthen relationships with those closest to you. Volunteering allows you to take a step back to look at the bigger picture, which can help you realize never take life for granted and always be appreciative of what you have. 4
Volunteering may reduce stress levels. 5 By enjoying time spent in service to others, you will feel a sense of meaning and appreciation, both given and received, which can have a stress-reducing effect.
A．What do you hope to get out of volunteering
B．There are many organizations that actively seek volunteers.
C．It’s the little things you have that give you a sense of satisfaction.
D．Volunteering teaches valuable skills and gives a sense of purpose.
E．Volunteering may strengthen a person’s social networks to relieve stress.
F．But do you know that volunteering can benefit your own health as well
G．Volunteering is a great way to meet new people who share common interests with you.
Passage 9
（23-24高一下·江苏无锡·阶段练习）Whether you’re looking to lose a few pounds, spend more time at the gym or learn a language, turning bad habits into good ones is all about self-control. Some of us have more than others. And research shows that those with more self-control tend to be happier. But the problem is that we usually only get rewarded in the future. 1
Michael Inzlicht is a professor of psychology at the University of Toronto and a self-control researcher. He says that the ironic thing about self-control is that those who are really good at it don’t have to practice it. 2 When you love and desire something that tends to be better for you, like studying, working hard or exercising, for example, you don’t have to think about doing it. Inzlicht says that these types of individuals generally have what’s called “trait self-control” meaning it’s an aspect of their personality.
When it comes to improving self-control, Inzlicht says it’s difficult to change the personality that you’re born with. 3 A wide body of research shows that you can improve self-control for a particular behavior you want to change or a habit you’d like to develop. For example, Inzlicht says that when we get paid to make life changes, we’re more likely to make them. Some gyms will charge you a certain amount of money for a year-long membership and then give you a few cents back every time you come. 4
5 Part of failing at developing self-control is in getting frustrated at yourself for not changing overnight. If you’re building self-control in losing weight, for instance, don’t try switching to nothing but fruits and vegetables all at once because it’s too dramatic a change — not to mention unsustainable.
A．However, this doesn’t mean you can do nothing about it.
B．Another tip for success, says Inzlicht, is making gradual steps.
C．Even a small amount of money can encourage people to work out.
D．They can maintain the good habits all the time without much effort.
E．Thus, we are constantly weighing whether to wait or to have it right now.
F．Don’t be afraid of frustration, since it is necessary for your improvement.
G．Actually, self-control improvement can bring about benefits to all individuals.
Passage 10
（23-24高一下·四川成都·期中）The youth are like the early spring, the morning sun and the budding(萌芽的) flowers. There’s no denying that youth is the most valuable time of life. During this period of time, habits and interests that will continue for the rest of your life are formed and developed. 1 — so the earlier you cultivate (培养) the youth spirit, the more likely you will achieve success in life.
Be self-reliant and self-motivated. Sure, you might have parents and friends to help you, but ultimately, you must rely on yourself. 2 , which enables you to get through the challenges of life. No one can force you to get good grades or get an excellent job. 3 . Only you can be the author of your own life.
4 . Train yourself to be strong when times get tough. Anything worth doing isn’t easy. Tell yourself that you can make it whatever obstacles (障碍) stand in your way as long as you won’t give up. After all the trials and errors, you will thank perseverance for guiding you to success.
Work hard. As Albert Einstein once put it, “Genius is one percent inspiration, ninety-nine percent perspiration (汗珠).” Young and talented as you are, without diligence, you can hardly bring out your potentials. As a result, don’t waste time admiring others’ success or daydreaming. 5 .
In conclusion, the prime of youth, the most vibrant and energetic period in life, is also the most fleeting (转瞬即逝的). Let’s capture the spirit of youth and turn our dreams into reality.
A．Be persevering
B．Be brave
C．It is really significant to cherish it
D．Instead, go all out and see how far you can go
E．Those responsibilities are yours and yours alone
F．However, it’s a relatively brief period in one’s life
G．It builds your character and makes you independent
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（22-23高一下·浙江温州·期末）Every day, we face a series of opportunities to do the right thing. Sometimes we seize(抓住) those moments; other times, we don’t. 1 And what drives some people to take the moral high ground
Jessie Sun interviewed 952 people about the motivations(动机) for moral behavior and the changes they wished to make in their lives in order to become more morally good.
When we think about morals, we often think about making “personal sacrifices(牺牲)” for the greater good. In Sun’s study, she found that nearly half of the participants said they were most encouraged to become more moral for themselves. 2 And fewer participants said that they most wanted to benefit friends and people in general.
Moreover, many people believe that acting more morally—for example, being more thoughtful, more open-minded—would increase their own well-being. The more they believed that their moral change would have positive results for themselves, the more they reported being encouraged to make that change. 3 That was the most surprising finding in the study.
4 Interestingly, participants generally expected possible harms to themselves and others if they were honest. You can imagine that some people regularly tell white lies to save other people’s feelings, and they believe it would be hurtful if they were honest.
Researchers also asked people about the things they’d like to improve about themselves. If they’re extremely shy, they usually want to become more comfortable in social situations. But if they aren’t especially honest or thoughtful, they usually won’t improve those aspects of their lives on purpose. 5
A．How can we become more moral
B．So, why do we make these choices
C．Being moral just isn’t what most people consider first.
D．Being moral means different things to different people.
E．But people see some disadvantages of being moral, too.
F．In short, many people want to become more moral for their own benefits.
G．Sixteen percent said that they most wanted to become more moral for their family.
Passage 12
（22-23高一下·重庆·阶段练习）How can positive psychology help in trying times
“Positive psychology is not about denying difficult emotions. It’s about opening to what is happening here and now, and cultivating and enjoying the good in your life,” says Ron Siegel, assistant professor of psychology at Harvard Medical School.
Growing evidence suggests that positive psychology techniques can indeed be valuable in times of stress, grief, or other difficulties. 1 . Here are three positive psychology practices you can try.
Be more mindful
Mindfulness is the practice of purposely focusing your attention on the present moment and accepting it without judgement. 2 . Formal mindfulness-based stress reduction programs have been shown to help reduce physical and psychological symptoms in people facing a variety of challenges, including cancer and chronic pain.
3
Research suggests that people who volunteer their time tend to be happier than those who don’t. 4 . Try this exercise: When you have a free afternoon, flip a coin. Heads, do something for yourself. Tails, do something to help your community or another person. Notice how you feel at the time and in the hours and days that follow.
Practice gratitude
Gratitude is a thankful appreciation for what you receive, whether tangible or intangible. With gratitude, you acknowledge the goodness in your life. 5 .Our brains are wired to take note of when things go wrong. But keeping a gratitude journal — writing down things you’re thankful for — makes you more aware of when things go right.
A．Spend time wisely
B．Share some kindness
C．You can apply this to your past, the present, and the future
D．They may also help you recover more rapidly after unpleasant events
E．Those who give charitable donations may even get a small mood boost
F．Positive psychology focused mainly on pursuing rewarding experiences
G．Learning to live more in the present is especially helpful when the future is uncertain
Passage 13
（22-23高一下·四川绵阳·期末）Why Do People Volunteer
Many people volunteer for social causes on a regular basis. While a few people receive happiness from their efforts, others learn from their actions. Every individual has different reasons on why he/she volunteers for campaigns and social activities. Here are some common reasons behind volunteering.
Satisfaction from giving back
Some people do not hold any selfish motives behind volunteering to help others. 1 , but have it with a purpose. Many of these people find it satisfactory to help needy individuals. This is due to their feeling of giving back to the society as a return to what they received. 2 .
Spending free time
There are individuals who can spare a lot of time that needs to be invested in a fruitful activity. 3 , they might be struck by the thought of volunteering. Thus, they go on to serve other people by offering their spare time.
Meeting new people
Volunteers are those people who love to meet new people and make friendships too. 4 . It is the same as people going to a community garden to find like-minded people.
Gaining new skills
5 Some people feel that volunteering for an activity in a particular environment can make them learn new concepts that can further be applied in their professional work environment. Thus, they acquire workplace experience when on volunteer visits.
A．Volunteers tend to be sociable
B．When they look for such an activity
C．Although such an activity is fruitful
D．They have a selfless concern toward people in need
E．Volunteering can also be done to obtain additional knowledge
F．They may be looking for other individuals with similar interests
G．Giving something to others provides them with pleasure and internal fulfillment
Passage 14
（22-23高一下·北京朝阳·期末）Nicholas Epley, a behavioural scientist, and I conducted a series of studies and concluded that kind acts as simple as buying a cup of coffee for someone can promote a person’s happiness. Everyday life affords many opportunities for such actions, yet people do not always catch them. 1
We firstly studied acts of kindness done for familiar people such as friends, classmates or family. 2 For instance, in one experiment, people wrote notes to friends and family “just because”. In another, they gave cupcakes away to workmates. Across these experiments, we asked both the person performing a kind act and the one receiving it to fill out questionnaires (问卷).
Across our studies, several strong patterns appeared. For one, both performers and receivers of the acts of kindness were in more positive moods than normal after these kind acts. 3 The receivers felt significantly better than the kind actors expected. The receivers also reliably rated these acts as “bigger” than the people performing them did.
4 In one experiment, participants at an ice-skating rink (溜冰场) in a public park gave away hot chocolate to people they didn’t know on a cold winter day. Again, the experience was more positive than the performers expected for the receivers. Although the people giving out the hot chocolate saw the act as relatively small, it really mattered to the receivers.
These findings suggest that what might seem small when we are deciding whether or not to do something nice for someone else could matter a great deal to the person we do it for. These warm acts can improve our own emotional health and brighten the day of another person. 5
A．So why not choose kindness when we can
B．For another, it was clear that performers undervalued their impacts.
C．From one situation to the next, the specific acts of kindness differed.
D．We found that participants didn’t realize their positive impacts on strangers as well.
E．Our research also revealed one reason why people may not realize their actions’ impacts.
F．We compared the performers’ expectation of the receivers’ moods with their actual experiences.
G．It is because people performing kind acts undervalue how much receivers value their behavior.
Passage 15
（22-23高一下·江西南昌·阶段练习）When people think about travelling around the world, they would never dream of going on foot. But Alexander Campbell, a 27-year-old man in Sydney, has begun a four-year hike to walk 40,000 kilometres across 30 countries and four continents. The trip will raise funds for the Fred Hollows Foundation(基金会). 1
Mr. Campbell loves long-distance hiking and started his journey from the Opera House in February and made his way through western Sydney to Penrith and onto the Blue Mountains.
“ 2 By the time I am in far north Queensland and the Northern Territory(领土) it will be winter, which is a good season to visit. Once I get to Nepal and India I won’t be able to go through those countries in winter,” he said.
3 Then he sets up camp. He said the longest he has ever walked in a day was about 74 kilometres. The rough schedule will see him walk for four years. Along the way, he may get injured, suffer from severe weather or get tired of walking. In this case, he’ll simply stop for a while.
4 Apart from his savings, he also got support from Australian Geographic. As for travels between continents, he said he’d love to go by boat rather than by plane.
He chose the Fred Hollows Foundation because he wanted to raise money for a charity that worked in the countries he was travelling through. 5 There are currently 43 million people in the world living with blindness. Asia, where Mr. Campbell’s journey will cross, has the largest number of people with blindness in the world.
A．Mr. Campbell saved up before his journey.
B．On average he walks about 40 to 50 kilometres daily.
C．I must plan when to go to countries in the best seasons.
D．He’s on the national trail and will cut across to Darwin.
E．By now he has raised more than $5, 500 for the Foundation.
F．The foundation treats and prevents blindness across the world.
G．He has to look at different hiking trails to choose the correct one.
