外研版（一年级起点）小升初英语语法：形容词与副词全解析及练习（含解析）

小升初英语语法：形容词与副词全解析及练习
1、定义及基本用法
形容词：主要用来修饰名词，说明事物或人的性质或特征，一般放在被修饰的名词之前。例如：a beautiful flower（一朵美丽的花），“beautiful” 是形容词，修饰 “flower”。
副词：主要用来修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或句子，表示时间、地点、程度、方式等概念 。例如：She runs fast.（她跑得很快），“fast” 是副词，修饰动词 “runs”。
2、形容词和副词的词形区别
许多副词是由形容词加 -ly 构成的，比如：quick（形容词，快速的） - quickly（副词，快速地）；careful（形容词，仔细的） - carefully（副词，仔细地）。但也有一些例外，如：fast 既是形容词也是副词，如：a fast car（一辆速度快的车，形容词）；He runs fast.（他跑得快，副词） 。
3、在句子中的位置区别
形容词位置：一般放在名词前作定语；放在系动词（如 be, look, smell, taste, sound, feel 等）后作表语。例如：It's a red apple.（作定语，红色的苹果）；The apple tastes sweet.（作表语，尝起来很甜） 。
副词位置：修饰动词时，通常放在动词之后；修饰形容词或其他副词时，放在它们之前；表示频率的副词（如 always, often, usually, sometimes, never 等），一般放在行为动词前，be 动词、助动词或情态动词之后。例如：He plays basketball well.（修饰动词 “plays”，放在其后）；She is very beautiful.（修饰形容词 “beautiful”，放在之前）；He always goes to school by bike.（“always” 放在行为动词 “goes” 前）。
4、形容词和副词的比较级与最高级
规则变化：单音节和部分双音节词，比较级一般加 -er，最高级加 -est，如：tall - taller - tallest；以不发音的 e 结尾的词，直接加 -r 或 -st，如：nice - nicer - nicest；以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的词，变 y 为 i，再加 -er 或 -est，如：happy - happier - happiest；部分双音节和多音节词，在词前加 more 构成比较级，加 most 构成最高级，如：beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful。
不规则变化：如 good/well - better - best；bad/badly - worse - worst；many/much - more - most 等。比较级用于两者之间的比较，结构为 “A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B”；最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较，结构为 “A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + 范围” 。
形容词和副词练习题
The flower smells ______ (sweet/sweetly).
She dances ______ (beautiful/beautifully).
He is a ______ (careful/carefully) boy.
The old man walks ______ (slow/slowly).
The music sounds ______ (wonderful/wonderfully).
Tom runs ______ (fast/fastly).
The soup tastes ______ (delicious/deliciously).
She speaks English ______ (fluent/fluently).
It's a ______ (heavy/heavily) box.
The rain is falling ______ (heavy/heavily).
The story is very ______ (interest/interesting).
He looks at me ______ (angry/angrily).
The girl is ______ (quiet/quietly).
He works ______ (hard/hardly).
The movie is ______ (excite/exciting).
She sings ______ (good/well).
The boy is ______ (lucky/luckily).
He writes ______ (neat/neatly).
The day is ______ (sun/sunny).
The wind is blowing ______ (strong/strongly).
The problem seems ______ (easy/easily).
They are ______ (happy/happily) children.
She plays the piano ______ (bad/badly).
The food smells ______ (terrible/terribly).
He is ______ (quick/quickly) at math.
The car is running ______ (smooth/smoothly).
The teacher is ______ (patient/patiently) with us.
The weather is ______ (cloud/cloudy).
She dresses ______ (pretty/prettily).
The boy is ______ (clever/cleverly).
He runs ______ (slow/slowly) than his brother.
The book is ______ (interesting/more interesting) than that one.
She speaks English ______ (good/better) than me.
This is the ______ (bad/worst) movie I have ever seen.
He works ______ (hard/harder) than before.
The weather today is ______ (nice/nicer) than yesterday.
She is ______ (beautiful/more beautiful) among the girls.
The story is ______ (funny/funnier) than I thought.
He drives ______ (careful/more carefully) than his friend.
This is the ______ (delicious/most delicious) cake I've ever tasted.
The girl dances ______ (graceful/more gracefully) than her sister.
He is ______ (tall/taller) of the two boys.
She sings ______ (loud/louder) than anyone else in the class.
The problem is getting ______ (serious/more serious).
He studies ______ (diligent/more diligently) than his classmates.
This is the ______ (expensive/most expensive) dress in the shop.
The boy is growing ______ (fast/faster) every day.
She plays tennis ______ (skillful/more skillfully) than her opponent.
The weather is becoming ______ (cold/colder) and ______ (cold/colder).
He is getting ______ (strong/stronger) and ______ (strong/stronger) after exercising.
答案解析
1.The flower smells sweet (sweet/sweetly). “smell” 是系动词，后接形容词作表语。
2.She dances beautifully (beautiful/beautifully). “dances” 是实义动词，用副词修饰。
3.He is a careful (careful/carefully) boy. 修饰名词 “boy” 用形容词。
4.The old man walks slowly (slow/slowly). “walks” 是实义动词，用副词修饰。
5.The music sounds wonderful (wonderful/wonderfully). “sounds” 是系动词，后接形容词。
6.Tom runs fast (fast/fastly). “fast” 既可以作形容词也可以作副词，这里修饰动词 “runs”。
7.The soup tastes delicious (delicious/deliciously). “tastes” 是系动词，接形容词。
8.She speaks English fluently (fluent/fluently). 修饰动词 “speaks” 用副词。
9.It's a heavy (heavy/heavily) box. 修饰名词 “box” 用形容词。
10.The rain is falling heavily (heavy/heavily). 修饰动词 “falling” 用副词。
11.The story is very interesting (interest/interesting). “is” 后接形容词，“interesting” 修饰物。
12.He looks at me angrily (angry/angrily). 修饰动词 “looks” 用副词。
13.The girl is quiet (quiet/quietly). “is” 后接形容词作表语。
14.He works hard (hard/hardly). “hard” 作副词修饰 “works”，“hardly” 意思是 “几乎不” 。
15.The movie is exciting (excite/exciting). “is” 后接形容词，“exciting” 修饰物。
16.She sings well (good/well). “sings” 是动词，用副词 “well” 修饰。
17.The boy is lucky (lucky/luckily). “is” 后接形容词。
18.He writes neatly (neat/neatly). 修饰动词 “writes” 用副词。
19.The day is sunny (sun/sunny). “is” 后接形容词。
20.The wind is blowing strongly (strong/strongly). 修饰动词 “blowing” 用副词。
21.The problem seems easy (easy/easily). “seems” 是系动词，接形容词。
22.They are happy (happy/happily) children. 修饰名词 “children” 用形容词。
23.She plays the piano badly (bad/badly). 修饰动词 “plays” 用副词。
24.The food smells terrible (terrible/terribly). “smells” 是系动词，接形容词。
25.He is quick (quick/quickly) at math. “is” 后接形容词。
26.The car is running smoothly (smooth/smoothly). 修饰动词 “running” 用副词。
27.The teacher is patient (patient/patiently) with us. “is” 后接形容词。
28.The weather is cloudy (cloud/cloudy). “is” 后接形容词。
29.She dresses prettily (pretty/prettily). 修饰动词 “dresses” 用副词。
30.The boy is clever (clever/cleverly). “is” 后接形容词。
31.He runs more slowly (slow/slowly) than his brother. 两者比较，用比较级，“slowly” 的比较级是 “more slowly”。
32.The book is more interesting (interesting/more interesting) than that one. 两者比较，“interesting” 是多音节词，比较级用 “more interesting”。
33.She speaks English better (good/better) than me. “good” 的比较级是 “better”。
34.This is the worst (bad/worst) movie I have ever seen. 三者及以上比较用最高级，“bad” 的最高级是 “worst”。
35.He works harder (hard/harder) than before. 两者比较，“hard” 的比较级是 “harder”。
36.The weather today is nicer (nice/nicer) than yesterday. “nice” 的比较级是 “nicer”。
37.She is the most beautiful (beautiful/more beautiful) among the girls. 三者及以上比较用最高级，“beautiful” 的最高级是 “the most beautiful”。
38.The story is funnier (funny/funnier) than I thought. “funny” 的比较级是 “funnier”。
39.He drives more carefully (careful/more carefully) than his friend. “carefully” 是多音节词，比较级用 “more carefully”。
40.This is the most delicious (delicious/most delicious) cake I've ever tasted. “delicious” 的最高级是 “the most delicious”。
41.The girl dances more gracefully (graceful/more gracefully) than her sister. “gracefully” 的比较级是 “more gracefully”。
42.He is the taller (tall/taller) of the two boys. 两者中较…… 的一个，用 “the + 比较级”。
43.She sings louder (loud/louder) than anyone else in the class. “loud” 的比较级是 “louder”。
44.The problem is getting more serious (serious/more serious). “serious” 的比较级是 “more serious”。
45.He studies more diligently (diligent/more diligently) than his classmates. “diligent” 的比较级是 “more diligently”。
46.This is the most expensive (expensive/most expensive) dress in the shop. “expensive” 的最高级是 “the most expensive”。
47.The boy is growing faster (fast/faster) every day. “fast” 的比较级是 “faster”。
48.She plays tennis more skillfully (skillful/more skillfully) than her opponent. “skillfully” 的比较级是 “more skillfully”。
49.The weather is becoming colder (cold/colder) and colder (cold/colder). “比较级 + and + 比较级” 表示 “越来越……”。
50.He is getting stronger (strong/stronger) and stronger (strong/stronger) after exercising. 同理，“strong” 的比较级 “stronger” 用于此结构。