学案名称 高考语法填空学案(七)主谓一致和倒装结构专项突破
使用时间 _____年_____月_____日 建议课时 2课时
学习目标 1. 掌握主谓一致的三大原则(语法一致、概念一致、就近一致)。 2. 理解倒装结构的类型(部分倒装、完全倒装)及其使用场景。 3. 能够在复杂句式中准确判断主谓一致与倒装结构的适用性。
重难点 重点:语法一致中的插入语处理、概念一致的集合名词判断、就近一致的连词选择。 难点:形式与意义不一致的名词(如集合名词、学科名词)、否定词前置的倒装结构。
课堂导入 问题引导: 阅读句子: "The committee, along with the manager, ___ (be) discussing the proposal now." 提问: 为什么填“is”而不是“are”? 插入语如何影响主谓一致? 目标:通过实例引发思考,引导学生理解主谓一致的核心逻辑。
自学学案与课堂互动部分学案 备注与笔记
知识点1:主谓一致-语法一致 定义:主语与谓语动词在形式上保持单复数一致。 单数主语:不可数名词、动名词短语、不定式、从句作主语时,谓语用单数。 例:Reading novels ___ (be) my favorite hobby. 例:What he said ___ (be) true. 复数主语:用and或both...and连接的并列主语,谓语用复数。 例:Both the teacher and the students ___ (be) in the classroom. 插入语不影响主谓一致:as well as, with, along with等结构后的名词不视为并列主语。 例:The CEO, together with his assistants, ___ (be) attending the meeting. . 填空练习(学生自主完成): The bread and butter ___ (be) served for breakfast. Each of the students ___ (have) a unique talent. The number of participants ___ (be) increasing rapidly. 知识点2:主谓一致-概念一致(意义一致) 定义:主谓一致需根据主语的实际意义判断单复数。 集合名词(family, team, class等): 强调整体时用单数,强调个体时用复数。 例:The team ___ (be) practicing on the field. (强调整体) 例:The team ___ (be) arguing about the strategy. (强调个体) 形式单数,意义复数:people, police, cattle等词谓语用复数。 例:The police ___ (be) searching for the suspect. 形式复数,意义单数:news, physics, economics等学科名词谓语用单数。 例:Physics ___ (be) a challenging subject. (答案:is) “the + 形容词”:指一类人用复数,指抽象概念用单数。 例:The poor ___ (need) more support. 例:The unknown ___ (be) always fascinating. 填空练习: 4. The family ___ (be) planning a trip to Europe. 5. Twenty miles ___ (be) a long distance to walk. 6. The old ___ (be) respected in our society. 知识点3:主谓一致-就近一致 定义:谓语动词与最近的主语保持一致,适用于or, either...or, neither...nor, not only...but also等连词连接的并列主语。 例:Neither the teacher nor the students ___ (be) satisfied. (答案:are) 例:Either the manager or his assistants ___ (be) responsible. (答案:are) 特殊结构: more than one/many a + 单数名词:谓语用单数。 例:Many a student ___ (have) failed the exam. 分数/百分数 + of + 名词:谓语由of后的名词决定。 例:Two-thirds of the land ___ (be) fertile. 例:Half of the students ___ (be) absent. 填空练习: 7. Not only the teacher but also the students ___ (be) excited. 8. One and a half apples ___ (be) left on the table. 9. Three-quarters of the water ___ (have) been polluted. 知识点4:倒装结构 1. 完全倒装:谓语动词全部提到主语前。 ①以now, then, here, there, in, on, out, up, down, off, away等副词开头,谓语多为表示移动的动词,主语为名词。 Now comes you turn. 特别提示:如果主语为人称代词,则主谓不倒装。 Here you are.给你这个。 ②表示地点的介词短语(如in front of,under等)位于句首,谓语动词多为表“有”的动词,如be, lie, stand, sit, exist。 Opposite the street lives an old man. ③表语置于句首,倒装结构为“表语+连系动词+主语”。如: Present at the meeting are leaders, teachers and students.(表语为形容词) Gone are the days when he lived poorly.(表语为过去分词) 例:In the corner ___ (stand) a tall bookshelf. 例:Here ___ (come) the bus. 2. 部分倒装:部分倒装是是指把谓语动词的一部分,如助动词或情态动词或者系动词放在主语之前。 ①only+状语(副词/介词短语/状语从句等)放在句首(重要写作句式) Only in this way can we learn English well.只有用这种方法我们才能学好英语。 ②so/such + be(助动词/情态动词)+主语,常用于so/such...that太...以至于,结果状语从句中。(重要写作句式) So hard has he worked that he will certainly pass the exam.他学习如此努力,一定会通过考试的。 ③含有否定意义的副词,连词或介词短语位于句首时,句子部分倒装,例如never, no, seldom, little, hardly, barely, scarcely, no sooner, rarely, nowhere, not until, not only, at no time(决不), by no means(决不), in no way(决不), in no case(在任何情况下都不), on no condition(在任何情况下都不), under no circumstances(在任何情况下都不)等。 Seldom did he go to see a film.他很少去看电影。 ④虚拟语气的省略倒装 Should you go, I would accompany you. ⑤as/though(虽然,尽管)引导的让步状语从句中,通常把从句中的表语,状语或谓语动词提前,as必须倒装,though可以倒装,也可以不倒装。 Child as he is, he can speak several languages.虽然他是个孩子,但他能说好几种语言。 特别提示:not only...but also(不仅...而且), no sooner...than(一...就), hardly/scarcely...when(一...就)结构中,后半句不倒装。 例:Never ___ (have) I seen such a beautiful sunset. 例:Only after the storm ___ (do) the sun reappear. 【对比性练习】 主谓一致: The committee ___ (be) discussing the proposal. The committee ___ (be) divided in their opinions. 倒装结构: Hardly ___ (have) we arrived when the rain started. We ___ (hardly arrive) when the rain started. 【课堂内容回顾】请梳理本节课的疑难知识点,以便巩固训练课时进行训练与巩固 学生15分钟根据学案内容进行预习 教师30分钟讲解并且与学生进行互动
巩固训练学案 备注与笔记
【知识框架搭建】请同学们搭建本节课的知识框架 【巩固训练】 单句语法填空(15题) The CEO, as well as his team, ___ (be) attending the conference. Each of the candidates ___ (have) submitted their applications. The news about the election ___ (be) spreading rapidly. Either the director or the actors ___ (be) responsible for the script. Neither the book nor the magazine ___ (be) available in the library. The majority of the students ___ (be) in favor of the new policy. Many a student ___ (have) struggled with this assignment. Twenty dollars ___ (be) not enough to buy the textbook. The police ___ (be) investigating the case thoroughly. Not only the teacher but also the students ___ (be) excited about the field trip. Three-fifths of the population ___ (be) employed in agriculture. The elderly ___ (need) more social support. Here ___ (come) the guests we’ve been expecting. Never ___ (have) I encountered such a complex problem. Only after the meeting ___ (do) he understand the urgency. 单句语法填空·拔高练习 The committee, along with external advisors, ___ (be) finalizing the report. Not until the deadline approached ___ (do) the team ___ (submit) their proposal. More than one employee ___ (have) raised concerns about the policy. The number of participants, despite the challenges, ___ (be) steadily increasing. Under no circumstances ___ (should) confidential data ___ (be) disclosed. 语篇语法填空(10空) 阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 The importance of teamwork 1 (be) evident in modern organizations. Not only 2 (do) it 3 (enhance) productivity, but it also 4 (foster) innovation. However, effective teamwork requires clear communication. 5 (Hardly) 6 (have) the project begun when issues arose. The manager, along with the team, 7 (be) determined to resolve them. 8 (Only) after weeks of collaboration 9 (do) they 10 (achieve) their objectives. 【检查目标是否达成】 深入理解主谓一致与倒装结构的复杂规则( ) 在单句与语篇中灵活应用 ( ) 强化语法填空实战能力。 ( ) 本节课结束后,教师会下发巩固训练学案的答案,有疑问的同学,可以对照解析进行进一步修改。祝同学们学习顺利! 请同学们完成后进行小组讨论。请有展示任务的同学在黑板上书写你的答案。 拔高练习部分,难度较大。请英语A层级完成,其余同学可选做。
答案与解析(教师注意保留此部分)
单句语法填空
is
解析:插入语“as well as his team”不影响主谓一致,主语“CEO”为单数。
has
解析:主语“each”为单数,谓语用单数形式。
is
解析:主语“news”为不可数名词,谓语用单数形式。
are
解析:就近原则,谓语与“actors”保持一致。
is
解析:就近原则,谓语与“magazine”保持一致。
are
解析:主语“majority”强调个体,谓语用复数。
has
解析:“many a + 单数名词”谓语用单数。
is
解析:表示金额的复数名词作主语,谓语用单数。
are
解析:集合名词“police”意义为复数,谓语用复数。
are
解析:就近原则,谓语与“students”保持一致。
is
解析:主语“population”为不可数名词,谓语用单数。
need
解析:“the + 形容词”指一类人,谓语用复数。
come
解析:完全倒装,主语“guests”为复数,谓语用复数。
have
解析:否定词“never”前置,句子需部分倒装。
did
解析:“only”前置,句子需部分倒装
单句语法填空·拔高训练
is
解析:插入语“along with external advisors”不影响主谓一致,主语“committee”为单数。
did; submit
解析:“not until”前置,句子需部分倒装。
has
解析:“more than one + 单数名词”谓语用单数。
is
解析:主语“number”为单数,谓语用单数。
should; be
解析:否定词“under no circumstances”前置,句子需部分倒装。
语篇语法填空
is
解析:主语“importance”为单数,谓语用单数。
does
解析:否定词“not only”前置,句子需部分倒装。
enhance
解析:谓语动词原形与“does”搭配。
fosters
解析:主语“it”为单数,谓语用单数。
Hardly
解析:否定词“hardly”前置,句子需部分倒装。
had
解析:部分倒装结构,助动词“had”提前。
is
解析:主语“manager”为单数,谓语用单数。
Only
解析:“only”前置,句子需部分倒装。
did
解析:部分倒装结构,助动词“did”提前。
achieve
解析:谓语动词原形与“did”搭配。