2025届高考语法填空学案（九）省略与替代专项突破（含解析）

学案名称 高考语法填空学案（九）省略与替代专项突破
使用时间 _____年_____月_____日 建议课时 2课时
学习目标 1. 掌握代词it/that/one的替代功能及其在语境中的使用规则。 2. 理解上下文省略的逻辑，能够准确判断省略部分的内容。 3. 熟悉代词指代一致性的规则，避免指代不清或混淆。。
重难点 重点：代词it/that/one的替代功能，上下文省略的逻辑判断。 难点：代词指代一致性的复杂语境分析，省略部分的还原与填空。
课堂导入 问题引导： 阅读句子： "I bought a new phone, and my brother bought ___ too." 提问： 为什么填“one”而不是“it”或“that”？ 代词“one”在此处的替代功能是什么？ 目标：通过实例引发思考，引导学生理解省略与替代的核心逻辑。
自学学案与课堂互动部分学案 备注与笔记
知识点1：代词it/that/one的替代功能 定义：代词用于替代前文提到的名词或内容，避免重复。 it：替代特定名词（通常为单数可数名词或不可数名词），指代明确。 例：I bought a book, and I lent it to my friend. （替代“book”） that：替代前文提到的内容，常用于比较结构中，指代明确且正式。 例：The weather here is better than that in my hometown. （替代“weather”） one：替代泛指的单数可数名词，指代不明确。 例：I need a pen. Do you have one （替代“a pen”） 常见错误： 混淆it与one的替代功能（如误用“it”替代泛指名词）。 填空练习（学生自主完成）： I lost my keys, and I can’t find ___ anywhere. The climate in the south is warmer than ___ in the north. She wants a new laptop, but she can’t afford ___. 知识点2：上下文省略的逻辑 定义：在上下文中，为避免重复而省略某些成分，需根据语境还原省略部分。 并列句中的省略： 例：Tom likes apples, and Mary ___ bananas. 比较结构中的省略： 例：She runs faster than I ___. 从句中的省略： 例：If you need help, just let me know ___ you do. 常见错误：
忽略省略部分的逻辑还原（如误填“likes”为“like”）。 填空练习： 4. John can play the piano, and his sister ___ the violin. 5. He works harder than his colleagues ___. 6. If you don’t like the movie, just say ___ you don’t. 知识点3：代词指代一致性 定义：代词需与其指代的名词在数、性、人称上保持一致，且指代明确。 单复数一致： 例：The students handed in their assignments. （“their”指代“students”） 性别一致： 例：Mary said she would come. （“she”指代“Mary”） 指代明确： 例：Tom told John that he was late. （“he”指代不明确，需根据上下文判断） 常见错误： 指代不清（如误用“he”指代多个男性名词）. 填空练习： 7. The teacher asked the students to submit ___ homework on time. 8. Sarah and her sister went shopping, and ___ bought a new dress. 9. The dog wagged ___ tail when it saw its owner. 【对比性练习】 1. it vs. one： I need a pen. Do you have ______ （泛指or特指？） I bought a pen, and I lost ______. （泛指or特指？） 2. 省略逻辑： She can swim, and he can ___ too. She swims faster than he ___. 【课堂内容回顾】请梳理本节课的疑难知识点，以便巩固训练课时进行训练与巩固 学生15分钟根据学案内容进行预习 教师30分钟讲解并且与学生进行互动
巩固训练学案 备注与笔记
【知识框架搭建】请同学们搭建本节课的知识框架 【巩固训练】 单句语法填空（15题） I bought a new car, and my friend bought ___ too. The weather in Beijing is colder than ___ in Shanghai. She wants a new phone, but she can’t afford ___. John can play the guitar, and his brother ___ the drums. He runs faster than his teammates ___. If you don’t like the book, just say ___ you don’t. The students handed in ___ assignments before the deadline. Sarah and her sister went to the park, and ___ enjoyed the fresh air. The cat wagged ___ tail when it saw its owner. I need a laptop. Do you have ___ I can borrow The cake tastes better than ___ I made last week. She likes coffee, and he ___ tea. The teacher asked the students to finish ___ homework by tomorrow. Tom and Jerry are friends, and ___ often play together. The book is interesting, but I don’t have time to read ___. 单句语法填空·拔高练习 The climate in the mountains is cooler than ___ in the plains. She wants a new dress, but she can’t find ___ she likes. If you need help, just let me know ___ you do. The teacher asked the students to submit ___ assignments, but some of ___ forgot. The dog wagged ___ tail, and the cat flicked ___ as well. 语篇语法填空（10空） 阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。 John and his friends went on a hiking trip last weekend. They brought all the necessary equipment, but John forgot 1 (bring) his water bottle. Luckily, one of his friends had an extra 2 and lent it to him. During the hike, the weather was perfect, and the scenery was even better than 3 they had seen before. John took many photos, and his friends 4 too. When they reached the top, they felt a sense of accomplishment that 5 (be) hard to describe. After the hike, they decided to have a picnic. John offered to share his sandwiches, but his friends said 6 had brought 7 own food. They all enjoyed the meal, and 8 agreed that it was one of the best trips they had ever taken. On the way back, John realized that he had left his camera at the picnic spot. He asked his friends if 9 had seen it, but no one had. Fortunately, one of them remembered 10 (see) it near the tree and helped him find it. 【检查目标是否达成】 深入理解省略与替代的核心规则，辨析易错点（ ） 在单句与语篇中灵活应用 （ ） 强化语法填空实战能力。 （ ） 本节课结束后，教师会下发巩固训练学案的答案，有疑问的同学，可以对照解析进行进一步修改。祝同学们学习顺利！ 请同学们完成后进行小组讨论。请有展示任务的同学在黑板上书写你的答案。 拔高练习部分，难度较大。请英语A层级完成，其余同学可选做。
答案与解析（教师注意保留此部分）
单句语法填空
one
解析：替代泛指名词“a new car”，用“one”。
that
解析：替代前文提到的“weather”，用“that”。
one
解析：替代泛指名词“a new phone”，用“one”。
can
解析：并列句省略“play”，需补全助动词“can”。
do
解析：比较结构省略“run”，需补全助动词“do”。
that
解析：宾语从句省略“if”，需补全连词“that”。
their
解析：代词指代“students”，用“their”。
they
解析：代词指代“Sarah and her sister”，用“they”。
its
解析：代词指代“the cat”，用“its”。
one
解析：替代泛指名词“a laptop”，用“one”。
the one
解析：替代特指名词“the cake”，用“the one”。
likes
解析：并列句省略“likes”，需补全动词。
their
解析：代词指代“students”，用“their”。
they
解析：代词指代“Tom and Jerry”，用“they”。
it
解析：替代特指名词“the book”，用“it”
单句语法填空·拔高训练
that
解析：替代前文提到的“climate”，用“that”。
one
解析：替代泛指名词“a dress”，用“one”。
if
解析：条件从句省略“if”，需补全连词。
their; them
解析：代词指代“students”，用“their”和“them”。
its; its
解析：代词指代“the dog”和“the cat”，用“its”
语篇语法填空
to bring
解析：固定搭配“forget to do”。
one
解析：替代泛指名词“a water bottle”，用“one”。
what
解析：宾语从句引导词，指代“the scenery”。
did
解析：并列句省略“took photos”，需补全助动词“did”。
was
解析：主语“sense”为单数，谓语用单数形式。
they
解析：代词指代“friends”，用“they”。
their
解析：代词指代“friends”，用“their”。
they
解析：代词指代“John and his friends”，用“they”。
anyone
解析：否定句中用“anyone”。
seeing
解析：固定搭配“remember doing”。