词性的变化
① v. - n. + - tion, -sion, -ure, -ment, -y, -al, -ing, -ce, -age, -son,
-our, -th, -ve, ief, -tive, -ss
inspire - imagine - celebrate - apply - communicate - starve - impress - achieve - develop - entertain - compare - marry - suffer - appear - deliver - succeed - survive - fail - assume - satisfy - press - lose - resist - store - initiate { accept - adapt - expand - admire - fish - recognize - reduce - prepare - explore - expect - hesitate - explain - decide - admit - accomplish - amuse - agree - expose - exist - begin - discover - behave - apologize - serve - relieve - believe - compete - treat - choose - guide - declare - establish - excite - attend - criticize - mix - pursue - recommend - organize - separate - appreciate - describe - attract - act - explode - argue - announce - amaze - enjoy - please - grow - warn - recover - refer - arrive - tolerate - conclude - combine - create { think - employ - invest - limit - determine - consume - extend - form - feel - submit - permit -
① v.- n.(人) + -er, -or, -ant, -ess, -ee, -ist, -ar, -tive
beg - （乞丐） act - （男演员）； produce - initiate - entertain - cycle - serve - （仆人） （女演员） host - （女主人） visit - instruct - climb - write - （作家） attend - （服务员） play - represent - employ { scan - （扫描仪）
wait - （服务员，侍者）； （女服务员）
type { criticize - donate - detect - compete - (竞争者）
② n. - n.（人） + -ist, -ian
art - science - history -
③ adj. - n.（人） + -er
foreign -
adj. - n. + -y. -ry, -ty, -cy, -th, -ce, -dom, -ness, -er
difficult - curious - responsible - different - deep - ill - important - fluent - absent - abundant - accurate - kind - secure - beautiful - resistant - minor - brave - able - possible - wide - wise - happy - elegant - short - balanced - safe - comfortable - angry - wealthy - efficient - simple - rich - anxious - flexible - true - long - high - patient - honest - confident - young - major - lonely - free - strong - legal - sick - visible -
① n. - adj. + -al, -ful, -ern, -t, -ly, -ble, -y, -ous, -ish, -ed, -ic, -ar, -ive, ate
person - south - reason - sickness - loneliness - pain - innocence - anger - society - self - significance - nature - detail - rain - medicine - popularity - science - face - taste - caution - humor - honor { hero - globe - extension - history { wind - harmony - beauty- politeness- meaning- danger- ability- responsibility- friend- courage- gold - intelligence- fashion- nation- concern- snow- music- equality- optimism - effect - benefit - religion - influence - essence - competition - remark - mud - planet - day - passion - east- illness- difference- peace- success- silence- hunger- culture- fool - violence- comfort- profession- sun- cloud- similarity- energy- race - impression - juice - talent - space - finance - spirit - system - mess - memory - adventure -
② v. - adj. + -tive, -able, -ing, -ed, -ous
act- object- compare- value- amaze { shock { help- count - compete - use - ache - alternate - visit - fall{ attract - enjoy- expand - believe- excite { astonish { hope - care { afford - harm - sustain - affect - wind - recognize - create - rely - inform - bear - interest { differ - thank - please - / / impress - close - infect - exist - share - manage -
5. ① adj. - adv. + -ly
true - gentle - probable - horrible- main- sure - firm- extreme - considerate - common - whole - entire - actual - lucky - simple - eventual - heavy - steady - basic - considerable - full - definite - rare - happy - possible - terrible - necessary - final - rude - close - specific - symbolic - absolute - accurate -
② n./v. — adv.
surprise - excite{ admit -
hurry - increase -
6. - v. + en-, -en, -ify, ize/ -ise
less- simple- clarity- fright- deep - fast - large - worse - class - pure - strength - tight - rich - apology - loose - identity - beauty - broad - sharp - able - familiar -
courage - memory - human - recognition - industrial - minimum - popular - sick - energy - maximum - justice -
7. 比较级，最高级
good/well- - many/much- - far ｛ - bad/ badly - - little - -
8. 反义词: + dis-, un-, mis-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, less
agree- appear - fortunate- comfort- useful- accurate- legal- regular - believe - (adj. ) forget- (adj.) visible - count - like｛ happy - fortune - careful - sleepy - polite - expensive - healthy - speech - depend- (adj.) self - end - understand - clear - comfortable - hopeful - active - possible - important - expected - belief - correct - considerable - considerate -
辅元辅（双写尾字母） + -ed, -able, -er, -ing
admit - - commit - - refer - - regret - - equip - - scan - - let- scan - permit - - stop - - occur - - emit - - plan - - plan - begin - forget - （反义词）
10. 名词复数：
phenomenon (n.) - criterion { quiz - datum {词性的变化
① v. - n. + - tion, -sion, -ure, -ment, -y, -al, -ing, -ce, -age, -son,
-our, -th, -ve, ief, -tive, -ss
inspire - inspiration imagine - imagination celebrate - celebration apply - application communicate -communication starve - starvation impress - impression achieve - achievement develop - development entertain - entertainment compare - comparison marry - marriage suffer - suffering appear - appearance deliver - delivery succeed - success survive - survival fail - failure assume - assumption satisfy - satisfaction press - pressure lose - loss resist - resistance store - storage initiate { initiative;initiation accept - acceptance adapt - adaptation expand - expansion admire- admiration fish -fishing recognize - recognition reduce - reduction prepare - preparation explore - exploration expect - expectation hesitate - hesitation explain - explanation decide - decision admit - admission accomplish - accomplishment amuse - amusement agree - agreement expose - exposure exist - existence begin - beginning discover - discovery behave - behaviour apologize - apology serve - service relieve - relief believe - belief compete - competition treat - treatment choose - choice guide - guidance declare - declaration establish - establishment excite - excitement attend - attendance criticize - criticism mix -mixture pursue -pursuit recommend-recommendation organize - organization separate - separation appreciate - appreciation describe - description attract - attraction act - action explode - explosion argue - argument announce - announcement amaze - amazement enjoy - enjoyment please - pleasure grow - growth warn - warning recover - recovery refer - reference arrive - arrival tolerate - tolerance conclude - conclusion combine - combination create {creation; creativity think - thought employ - employment invest - investment limit - limitation determine - determination consume - consumption extend - extension form - formation feel -feeling submit - submission permit - permission
① v.- n.(人) + -er, -or, -ant, -ess, -ee, -ist, -ar, -tive
beg - beggar （乞丐） act - actor （男演员）； produce - producer initiate - initiator entertain - entertainer cycle - cyclist serve - servant（仆人） actress （女演员） host - hostess（女主人） visit - visitor instruct - instructor climb - climber write - writer （作家） attend - attendant（服务员） play - player represent - representative employ {employer; employee scan - scanner（扫描仪）
wait - waiter （服务员，侍者）； waitress （女服务员）
type {typist(打字员)；typer(打字机) criticize - critic donate - donor detect - detective compete - competitor
② n. - n.（人） + -ist
art - artist science - scientist history -historian
③ adj. - n.（人） + -er
foreign - foreigner
adj. - n. + -y. -ry, -ty, -cy, -th, -ce, -dom, -ness, -er
difficult - difficulty curious - curiosity responsible - responsibility different - difference deep - depth ill - illness important - importance fluent - fluency absent - absence abundant - abundance accurate - accuracy kind - kindness secure - security beautiful - beauty resistant - resistance minor -minority brave - bravery able - ability possible - possibility wide - width wise - wisdom happy - happiness elegant - elegance short - shortage balanced - balance safe - safety comfortable - comfort angry - anger wealthy - wealth efficient - efficiency simple - simplicity rich - richness anxious - anxiety flexible - flexibility true - truth long - length high - height patient - patience honest - honesty confident - confidence young - youth major - majority lonely - loneliness free - freedom strong - strength legal - legality sick - sickness visible - visibility
① n. - adj. + -al, -ful, -ern, -t, -ly, -ble, -y, -ous, -ish, -ed, -ic, -ar, -ive, -ate
person - personal south - southern reason - reasonable sickness - sick loneliness -lonely pain -painful innocence -innocent anger -angry society -social self - selfish significance -significant nature -natural detail -detailed rain - rainy medicine -medical popularity -popular science -scientific face -facial taste -tasty caution -cautious humor - humorous honor{honorable;honored hero -heroic globe -global extension -extensive history {historical; historic wind -windy harmony -harmonious beauty-beautiful politeness-polite meaning- meaningful;meaningless danger-dangerous ability-able responsibility-responsible friend-friendly courage-courageous gold - golden intelligence-intelligent fashion-fashionable nation-national concern-concerned snow-snowy music-musical equality-equal optimism - optimistic effect -effective benefit -beneficial religion -religious influence -influential essence -essential competition -competitive remark -remarkable mud -muddy planet -planetary day -daily passion - passionate east-eastern illness-ill difference-different peace-peaceful success-successful silence-silent hunger-hungry culture-cultural fool - foolish violence-violent comfort-comfortable profession-professional sun-sunny cloud-cloudy similarity-similar energy-energetic race -racial impression -impressive juice -juicy talent -talented space -spacious finance -financial spirit -spiritual system -systematic mess -messy memory -memorable adventure -adventurous
② v. - adj. + -tive, -able, -ing, -ed, -ous
act-active object- objective compare-comparable value-valuable amaze {amazed; amazing shock {shocked;shocking help-helpful count - countable compete -competitive use -useful ache -aching alternate - alternative visit -visiting fall{fallen;falling attract - attractive enjoy- enjoyable expand - expansive believe-believable excite {excited;exciting astonish {astonished;astonishing hope - hopeful care {careful;caring afford - affordable harm -harmful sustain -sustainable affect - affective wind - winding recognize- recognized create - creative rely - reliable inform -informative;informed bear -bearable interest {interested;interesting differ -different thank -thankful please -pleased/pleasing/pleasant impress -impressive close - closed infect -infectious exist -existing share -shared manage -manageable
① adj. - adv. + -ly
true -truly gentle - gently probable - probably horrible-horribly main-mainly sure - surely firm-firmly extreme -extremely considerate -considerately common -commonly whole -wholly entire -entirely ② n./v. — adv. actual - actually lucky - luckily simple -simply eventual -eventually heavy -heavily steady - steadily basic -basically considerable -considerably full -fully definite -definitely rare -rarely happy - happily possible - possibly terrible -terribly necessary -necessarily final -finally rude -rudely close -closely specific -specifically symbolic -symbolically absolute -absolutely accurate -accurately
surprise- surprisingly excite{excitedly;excitingly admit -admittedly
hurry - hurriedly increase -increasingly
- v. + en-, -en, -ify, ize/ -ise
less-lessen simple-simplify clarity-clarify fright-frighten deep - deepen fast -fasten large -enlarge worse -worsen class -classify pure -purify strength -strengthen tight -tighten rich -enrich apology -apologize loose -loosen identity -identify beauty -beautify broad -broaden sharp -sharpen able -enable familiar -familiarize
courage -encourage memory -memorize human -humanize recognition -recognize industrial -industrialize minimum -minimize popular -popularize sick -sicken energy -energized maximum -maximize justice -justify
7.比较级，最高级
good/well- better - best many/much- more - most far ｛farther - farthest(表具体的距离) / bad/ badly - worse - worst little - less - least further - furthest(表抽象的距离)
8. 反义词: + dis-, un-, mis-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, less
agree-disagree appear -disappear fortunate-unfortunate comfort-discomfort useful-useless accurate-inaccurate legal-illegal regular -irregular believe -unbelievable(adj. ) forget-unforgettable (adj.) visible -invisible count -countless like｛dislike;unlike happy -unhappy fortune -misfortune careful -careless sleepy -sleepless polite -impolite expensive -inexpensive healthy -unhealthy speech -speechless depend-independent (adj.) self -selfless end -endless understand -misunderstand clear -unclear comfortable -uncomfortable hopeful -hopeless active -inactive possible -impossible important -unimportant expected -unexpected belief -disbelief correct -incorrect considerable -inconsiderable considerate -inconsiderate
9. 辅元辅（双写尾字母） + -ed, -able, -er, -ing
admit- admitted -admitted commit- committed -committed refer -referred- referred regret- regretted- regretted equip- equipped- equipped scan- scanned-scanned let- letting scan- scanner permit- permitted- permitted stop- stopped- stopped occur- occurred- occurred emit- emitted- emitted plan- planned- planned plan- planning begin- beginning forget- unforgettable（反义词）
10. 名词复数：
phenomenon (n.) -phenomena(复数) criterion {criteria;criterions quiz -quizzes datum {data;datums
