八年级英语下册
Unit7重要知识点
一、常考单词
square /skwe (r)/n. 平方;正方形;广场,如:Tiananmen Square is one of the largest squares in the world.(天安门广场是世界上最大的广场之一。)还可以表示数学概念 “平方”,The room is 15 square meters.(这个房间 15 平方米。)
meter / mi t (r)/(美)n. 米;公尺,如:The bridge is 200 meters long.(这座桥长 200 米。)在英式英语中常拼写为 “metre”。
deep /di p/adj. 深的;纵深的,如:The river is very deep.(这条河很深。)其副词形式为 deeply,常用来表示抽象意义上的 “深深地”,如:I was deeply moved by the story.(我被这个故事深深地感动了。)
desert / dez t/n. 沙漠,如:The Sahara Desert is the largest hot desert in the world.(撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大的热沙漠。)也可作动词,意为 “抛弃;遗弃”,如:He deserted his wife and children.(他抛弃了他的妻子和孩子。)
population / p pju le n/n. 人口;人口数量,常与 large, small 等词搭配描述人口多少,如:China has a large population.(中国人口众多。)询问人口数量时常用 What's the population of... 句型,如:What's the population of this city (这座城市的人口是多少?)
Asia / e /n. 亚洲,如:China is in Asia.(中国在亚洲。)其形容词形式为 Asian / e n/ ,表示 “亚洲的;亚洲人的”,如:Asian culture is very rich.(亚洲文化非常丰富。)
tour /t (r)/n. & v. 旅行;旅游,如:We are going on a tour of Europe.(我们即将进行一次欧洲之旅。)其名词形式 tourist / t r st/ 意为 “旅行者;观光者”,如:There are many tourists visiting the Great Wall every day.(每天都有很多游客参观长城。)
tourism / t r z m/n. 旅游业;观光,如:Tourism is an important industry in this area.(旅游业是这个地区的重要产业。)
wall /w l/n. 墙,如:The Great Wall is one of the greatest wonders in the world.(长城是世界上最伟大的奇迹之一。)
amazing / me z /adj. 令人大为惊奇的;令人惊喜(或惊叹)的,用来修饰事物,如:The view from the top of the mountain is amazing.(山顶的景色令人惊叹。)其动词形式为 amaze / me z/ ,意为 “使惊奇;使惊愕”,如:Her progress amazed everyone.(她的进步让每个人都感到惊讶。)
ancient / e n nt/adj. 古代的;古老的,如:ancient history(古代历史),ancient buildings(古建筑)。
protect /pr tekt/v. 保护;防护,常见搭配 protect...from/against... 保护…… 免受……,如:Sunglasses can protect your eyes from the sun.(太阳镜可以保护你的眼睛免受阳光伤害。)
wide /wa d/adj. 宽的;宽阔的,如:The road is 10 meters wide.(这条路宽 10 米。)其副词形式为 widely,意为 “广泛地;普遍地”,如:English is widely used around the world.(英语在全世界被广泛使用。)
achieve / t i v/v. 达到;完成;成功,如:He finally achieved his dream of becoming a doctor.(他最终实现了成为一名医生的梦想。)其名词形式为 achievement / t i vm nt/ ,意为 “成就;成绩”,如:His achievements in science are remarkable.(他在科学方面的成就非常显著。)
southwestern / sa θ west n/adj. 西南的;西南部的,如:the southwestern part of China(中国的西南部)。
thick /θ k/adj. 厚的;浓的,如:The ice on the lake is very thick.(湖面上的冰很厚。)
include / n klu d/v. 包括;包含,如:The price includes breakfast.(这个价格包括早餐。)其现在分词形式 including 常作为介词使用,意为 “包括”,如:There are many fruits, including apples, bananas and oranges.(有很多水果,包括苹果、香蕉和橙子。)
freezing / fri z /adj. 极冷的;冰冻的,如:It's freezing outside.(外面冷极了。)动词形式为 freeze /fri z/ ,意为 “结冰;(使)冻结”,如:Water freezes at 0℃.(水在 0 摄氏度时结冰。)
condition /k n d n/n. 条件;状况,常见短语 in good condition 状况良好,如:The old car is still in good condition.(这辆旧车状况仍然良好。)
take in:吸入;吞入(体内),如:We need to take in enough oxygen.(我们需要吸入足够的氧气。)还可以表示 “理解;领会;收留” 等含义,如:I can't take in what you said.(我不理解你说的话。)
succeed /s k si d/v. 实现目标;成功,常见搭配 succeed in doing sth. 成功做某事,如:He succeeded in passing the exam.(他成功通过了考试。)其名词形式为 success /s k ses/ ,形容词形式为 successful /s k sesfl/ ,副词形式为 successfully /s k sesf li/ 。
challenge / t l nd /n. 挑战;考验;v. 向…… 挑战,如:The climb up the mountain is a great challenge.(攀登这座山是一项巨大的挑战。);He challenged me to a game of chess.(他向我挑战下一盘棋。)
in the face of:面对(问题、困难等),如:We should be brave in the face of difficulties.(我们在面对困难时应该勇敢。)
achieve one's dream:实现某人的梦想,如:With hard work, he achieved his dream of becoming a famous singer.(通过努力,他实现了成为一名著名歌手的梦想。)
force /f s/v. 强迫;迫使,常见搭配 force sb. to do sth. 强迫某人做某事,如:The boss forced the workers to work overtime.(老板强迫工人加班。)也可作名词,意为 “力量;武力”,如:the force of nature(自然的力量)。
nature / ne t (r)/n. 自然界;大自然,如:We should protect nature.(我们应该保护大自然。)其形容词形式为 natural / n t r l/ ,意为 “自然的;天然的”,如:natural resources(自然资源)。
ocean / n/n. 大海;海洋,如:the Pacific Ocean(太平洋)。
weigh /we /v. 称…… 的重量;量体重;重达,如:He weighed the fish.(他称了鱼的重量。);How much do you weigh (你体重多少?);The box weighs 5 kilograms.(这个箱子重 5 千克。)其名词形式为 weight /we t/ ,意为 “重量;分量”,如:What's the weight of this package (这个包裹的重量是多少?)
二、重点短语
as big as:和…… 一样大,用于比较事物的大小,如:This box is as big as that one.(这个箱子和那个箱子一样大。)
one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数:最…… 之一,如:The Great Wall is one of the most famous places of interest in the world.(长城是世界上最著名的名胜古迹之一。)
feel free to do sth.:随便做某事;随意做某事,如:Feel free to ask me any questions.(有任何问题都可以随意问我。)
almost / lm st/adv. 几乎;差不多,如:It's almost time to go to school.(差不多该上学了。)
in the world:在世界上,如:What's the highest mountain in the world (世界上最高的山是什么?)
even though/even if:虽然;尽管;即使,引导让步状语从句,如:Even though/Even if it rains tomorrow, we will still go for a picnic.(即使明天下雨,我们仍然会去野餐。)
at birth:出生时,如:The baby weighed only 3 kilograms at birth.(这个婴儿出生时只有 3 千克重。)
up to:多达;直到;取决于,如:The number of students in our class is up to 50.(我们班的学生人数多达 50 人。);I'll wait up to three hours.(我会等长达三个小时。);It's up to you to decide.(由你来决定。)
walk into:走路时撞着;走进,如:He wasn't looking and walked into a tree.(他没看路,撞到了一棵树上。);She walked into the classroom.(她走进了教室。)
fall over:绊倒,如:He fell over a stone and hurt his knee.(他被一块石头绊倒,伤到了膝盖。)
or so:大约;左右,用于数字后表示大概的数量,如:There are 20 students or so in the classroom.(教室里大约有 20 个学生。)
die from:死于……(主要指外部原因,如事故、创伤等),如:He died from a car accident.(他死于一场车祸。)
cut down:砍倒;削减,如:They cut down many trees in the forest.(他们砍倒了森林里的许多树。);We should cut down our expenses.(我们应该削减开支。)
endangered / n de nd d/adj. 濒危的,如:Pandas are endangered animals.(熊猫是濒危动物。)
research / ri s t /n. & v. 研究;调查,如:He is doing research on wild animals.(他正在研究野生动物。)
wild /wa ld/adj. 野生的;野的;疯狂的;激动的,如:There are many wild animals in the forest.(森林里有很多野生动物。)
government / ɡ v nm nt/n. 政府,如:The government is taking measures to protect the environment.(政府正在采取措施保护环境。)
set up:建立;设立,如:They set up a new school in the village.(他们在村里建了一所新学校。)
protect...from:保护…… 不受……(危害等),如:We should protect the children from danger.(我们应该保护孩子们免受危险。)
in the future:在未来,如:I hope to be a scientist in the future.(我希望将来成为一名科学家。)
三、语法知识
形容词和副词的比较级和最高级
构成规则:一般情况下,单音节词和部分双音节词在词尾加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。如:tall - taller - tallest,short - shorter - shortest 。
以不发音的 e 结尾的单音节词和部分双音节词,在词尾加 -r 构成比较级,加 -st 构成最高级。如:nice - nicer - nicest,large - larger - largest 。
重读闭音节词,末尾只有一个辅音字母,先双写这个辅音字母,再加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。如:big - bigger - biggest,hot - hotter - hottest 。
以 “辅音字母 + y” 结尾的双音节词,先把 y 改为 i,再加 -er 构成比较级,加 -est 构成最高级。如:easy - easier - easiest,happy - happier - happiest 。
多音节词和部分双音节词,在词前加 more 构成比较级,加 most 构成最高级。如:beautiful - more beautiful - most beautiful,interesting - more interesting - most interesting 。
用法:比较级用于两者之间的比较,表示 “更……”,常用结构为 “A + 动词 + 比较级 + than + B” 。如:He is taller than his brother.(他比他哥哥高。)最高级用于三者或三者以上的比较,表示 “最……”,常用结构为 “A + 动词 + the + 最高级 + in/of + 比较范围” 。如:She is the tallest girl in her class.(她是她班上最高的女孩。)修饰比较级的词有 much, a little, even, far 等,表示程度的加深或减弱。如:This book is much more interesting than that one.(这本书比那本书有趣得多。)
同级比较
as...as:意为 “和…… 一样”,表示两者在某方面程度相同,中间用形容词或副词的原级。如:He runs as fast as I.(他跑得和我一样快。)其否定形式为 not as/so...as ,表示 “不如……”,如:This box is not as/so heavy as that one.(这个箱子不如那个箱子重。)
the same as:意为 “和…… 相同;与…… 一致”,强调两者在性质、特征等方面相同。如:Your book is the same as mine.(你的书和我的一样。)
四、写作归纳
写作话题
地理与自然类:描述著名的山脉、河流、沙漠、海洋等自然景观,像珠穆朗玛峰、长江、撒哈拉沙漠等。
运用 “square”“meter”“deep”“desert”“population”“tour” 等单词和 “as big as”“one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数” 等短语,如 “Qomolangma is one of the most famous mountains in the world. It is about 8,848.86 meters high. The area around it is very cold and the air is very thin.” 。
动物保护类:以濒危动物为主题,讲述它们的生存现状、面临的威胁以及保护措施。涉及 “endangered”“research”“wild”“government”“protect...from” 等词汇,如 “Pandas are endangered animals. The government is doing a lot of research to protect them from losing their living places.” 。
个人梦想与成就类:分享自己的梦想以及为实现梦想所付出的努力和取得的成就,可运用 “achieve”“achieve one's dream”“succeed”“succeed in doing sth.” 等,如 “Since I was young, I have dreamed of becoming a scientist. I worked hard every day and finally succeeded in getting good grades in science. I believe I will achieve my dream in the future.” 。
常用句型
开头引入:Have you ever been to... (你曾经去过…… 吗?),如:Have you ever been to the Sahara Desert (你曾经去过撒哈拉沙漠吗?)Do you know... (你知道…… 吗?),如:Do you know the highest mountain in the world (你知道世界上最高的山吗?)Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about...(如今,越来越多的人关注……),如:Nowadays, more and more people are concerned about the environment and the protection of wild animals.(如今,越来越多的人关注环境和野生动物的保护。)
描述事物特征:It is + 形容词 + (for sb.) to do sth.((对某人来说)做某事是…… 的),如:It is difficult for us to climb Qomolangma.(对我们来说攀登珠穆朗玛峰是困难的。)
...is one of the + 形容词最高级 + 可数名词复数 + in/of...(…… 是…… 中最…… 之一),如:The Yangtze River is one of the longest rivers in the world.(长江是世界上最长的河流之一。)