2025人教版中考英语 语法专项突破 专题二 动词 考点梳理+专题训练

2025人教版中考英语 语法专项突破 专题二 动词
课前知识梳理
考点感知
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. (2024 北京改编)— What did you do last Saturday, Tina
—I (go) to the nursing home and worked as a volunteer there.
(2024 北京改编)— Amy, you didn't answer my call yesterday evening. What were you doing
— Sorry, I didn't hear the ring. I (read) a book in my study.
3. 跨学科·物理》》(2024 江苏扬州改编) If salt is (spread) on to the ice, the freezing temperature will be lower than 0℃.
4.(2024 江苏苏州改编) As the host city, Suzhou will manage (make) the 2026 ISF Football World Cup a great success.
5. 体育赛事 》》(2024 成都改编) What exciting news! The 2025 World Games will (hold) in Chengdu.
6.(2024 安徽改编) The Shenzhou-17 team (hand) over their work to theShenzhou-18 team on April 28th.
7.(2024 四川广安改编) My sister Tina often (collect) litter with some volunteers in the park.
8. 一带一路 》》(2024 四川遂宁改编)—— Do you know anything about the One Belt One Road
— Yes, it has (be) over 10 years since it started.
9.(2024 广西改编) Listen! The birds (sing) in the tree now.
10.(2024 甘肃白银改编) No matter how many difficulties we have, I believe all problems can (solve) in the end.
11.— Where is Lucy
— She ( ask) to go to the teachers’ office by our Chinese teacher a moment ago.
Ⅱ.根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填入各题空白处。有一项为多余。
1.(2024 河北改编)—— Look! Is that girl Alice
— No, it be her. She is on a tour in Beijing now.
2.(2024 天津改编) It not be the only way to solve the problem. There are other choices.
3.(2024 福建改编) You must the traffic rules when riding a bike.
4.(2024 成都改编) Having an ice-cream in the hot summer be cool.
5.(2024 四川乐山改编) The composer who created Learn from the Role Model Lei Feng(《学习雷锋好榜样》) didn't the song would be enjoyed by many people for more than 60 years.
Ⅲ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
(2024天津)我们可以一起参加讨论。
We can the discussion together.
2.(2024陕西改编)如果你想乘坐公交车，地图小程序能告诉你选择哪一路车。
If you want to bus, map apps can tell you which one to choose.
3.(2024 重庆 B卷)我们应该学会照顾自己。
We should learn to ourselves.
4.(2024 安徽改编)开始时可能会遇到一些麻烦，但最后都会好起来的。
There can be some trouble at the beginning, but things will well in the end.
传统文化》》(2024 四川广元改编)春节期间，中国人通常会在家门口倒贴“福”字。
During the Spring Festival, Chinese people usually the Chinese character“福” upside down on the front door of a house.
考点梳理
考点一 动词词义辨析
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。
1.(2024江苏扬州一模改编) The forest lots of oxygen and helps cool the weather.
2. In the past, many rivers were seriously, but now they are cleaned up.
3. The teacher told us that the gravity on Mars only about three-eighths of that on Earth.
4. We are to make our city cleaner and more beautiful.
Ⅱ.根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填入各题空白处。
1. The soup a little salty, there is no need to add more salt.
2. This like a good idea.
3. She aims to a computer expert.
Ⅲ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.公司任命他为经理。
The company manager.
2.她昨天给我买了一件礼物。
She me a yesterday.
3.幸运的是，没有人受伤，但大火的烟直升到空中。
Luckily, no one was hurt, but the smoke from the fire straightly in the air.
考点二 动词短语
类别 示例
动词+副词 add up 合计 come in 进入,进来 cut down 砍倒 come on 加油;快点 cut off 切断 cut up 切碎 eat up 吃光,吃完 fall behind 落在······后面 find out 发现;查明 get together 聚会,聚集 get up 起床 give away 分发;赠送 give back 归还,送回 give in 屈服 give up 放弃 go away 走开,离去 go on 继续 grow up 长大成人,成长 look ahead 向前看 look up 查找 look out 当心 pick up 拾起,捡起;接送 put off 推迟 put on 穿;戴上;上演;增加(体重)
put up 举起;张贴;搭建 stay up 熬夜 take up 占据;从事 take down 写下;记下 take in 吸入;吞入(体内) take off 脱下;起飞 turn down 声音调小;拒绝 turn in 上交 turn on 打开 turn off 关闭 wake up 唤醒,醒来
动词 + 介词 learn from 向……学习 agree with 赞同,同意(某人的看法) arrive at/ in 到达 ask for 请求;询问 belong to 属于 come from 来自…… deal with 处理;对付 depend on/ upon 依靠;依赖 get over 克服 get to 到达 go by 走过,经过 go over仔细检查;复习 laugh at 嘲笑…… look after 照顾 look at 看······,观看······ look for 寻找 look like 看起来像 stand for 代表(某事物);支持 stick to 坚持 talk about 谈论,议论 think about 考虑 think of 想起,想出;认为 wait for 等待
动词 + 副词 + 介词 add up to 加起来总计 catch up with 赶上 come up with 想出 get along with 相处 keep away from 远离 keep up with 跟上;和······保持联系 look forward to 盼望 look out of 朝 外看 make up of 由······组成,构成 run out of 耗尽
[注意]
对于“动词+副词”类的短语，如果是名词作宾语，那么这个名词既可以放在短语中间也可以放在短语的后面，但是如果是代词作宾语，则代词一定要放在短语中间。如：
He turned off all the lights when he left.当他离开时，他关掉了所有的灯。
He picked it up and gave it to me.他捡起它,然后把它交给了我。
针对训练
根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.(2024江苏无锡改编)我知道你很忙，我不会占用你太多的时间。
I know how busy you are and I won't too much of your time.
2.传统文化》》(2024 四川泸州改编)当你穿上马面裙，你会感受到中国传统服装的美。
When you Mamianqun (horse-face skirt), you will sense the beauty of China's traditional clothing.
3.(2024云南改编)学生们分组解决数学课上的难题。
The students worked in groups to the difficult problem in the math class.
4.(2024四川达州改编)——可可，我不明白这个词的意思。
——你最好在字典里查一下这个词。
—— Coco, I can't understand the meaning of this word.
—— You’ d better the word in your dictionary.
5.(2024江苏连云港改编)为了过上绿色生活，我们应该记得在离开房间时关灯。
To live a green life, we should remember to the lights when we leave a room.
6.(2024 贵州黔东南一模)去年，那位老人把自己所有的钱都捐给了贫困地区的人们。
The old man all his money to the people in poor areas last year.
7.(2024 甘肃白银改编)我爷爷为了健康决定戒烟。
My grandpa decided to smoking for his health.
8.(2024云南改编)我想成为一名宇航员，我希望我的梦想在未来能够实现。
I want to be an astronaut and I hope my dream will in the future.
9.结果是他跟这个案件无关。
It that he had nothing to do with the case.
10.凯特努力学习是为了不让父母失望。
Kate studies hard in order not to her parents .
11.钱学森拒绝了留美工作的机会并在他44岁的时候回国了。
Qian Xuesen the chance to stay in the United States and came back to China when he was 44.
考点三 情态动词
情态动词 意义及用法 例句
may 表示请求、许可，意思是“可以，可能”，其一般疑问句的否定回答为 can't 或 mustn't。 —— May I go out and play football — No, you can't/mustn't.
表 推 测，意思 是“可能”。 Mr. Li may be at home.
might may 的过去式，表示请求、许可，语气比may 更委婉。 Might I use your dictionary
Can (could) 表示能力，意思是“能，会”，否定形式为 can't(couldn't)。 Mike can speak a little Chinese. I could ride the bike when I was 6 years old.
用在疑问句中，表示征求意见, could 比can 的语气更委婉、客气。 Could you tell me something about your school
表推测，常用在否定句和疑问句中。 He can't be at home.He has gone to Japan.
can 用于一般现在时及一般过去时两种时态, be able to 可以用于各种时态。 He can spell these words. He has been able to draw pictures already.
must 表示义务、命令或要求，意思是“必须，应该”，否定 形 式 为mustn't,意思是“不准,不允许”，表示警告。 You must be careful next time.You mustn't take photos here.
表示推测，意为“必定”。 He must be in the room.
表示说话人的主观意愿。 I must go home now.
must引导的一般疑问句,肯定回答用 must,have to;否定回答用needn't 或 don't have to。 — Must I finish the homework today — No, you needn't/you don't have to.
need 表示必要性，多用于否定句或疑问句。 He needn't worry about it.
作实义动词，后接动词不定式。 I'm very tired and I need to have a rest.
should/ shouldn't 表示劝告或建议，意为“应该”，否定形式为shouldn't, 意为“不应该”。 Everyone should play a part in saving the earth.
表示征询意见，常用于疑问句中。 What should we remember to do during our exchange visit
针对训练
根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的情态动词填入各题空白处。每词限用一次。
第一组
1.(2024 江苏镇江改编) With the help of modern technology, now people enjoy the proudest moment when China's first astronaut Yang Liwei entered space.
2.(2024 江苏无锡改编) Shh...! This is a library. You keep your voice down.
3.(2024 四川泸州改编)— Rebecca, have you decided what to do this Saturday
— Not yet. I volunteer at the old people's home.
4. According to the traffic rules, children under 12 ride bicycles on the road.
5. The lovely boy ride the bike at the age of six.
6. I like to see a magic show in the evening.
第二组
1.(2024 山东菏泽改编)— Whose volleyball this
—— It be Lucy's. She loves volleyball.
2.(2024 吉林长春改编) Lili be at home She has gone to the farm to pick apples.
3.— Is Tony coming to the book show this Sunda
——I'm not sure. He come.
考点四 动词的时态
时态 基本结构&时间标志词 常见用法&例句
一般 现在时 结构 ①主语+ am/ is/ are ②主语+动词原形/动 词单三形式 1.表示现阶段经常性、习惯性的动作，常与频度副词连用。 例句: She usually cleans up her room.她经常打扫她的房间。 例句:I like doing sports.我喜欢锻炼。 2.表示普遍真理、客观存在、科学事实或格言警句。 例句: The sun rises from the east.太阳从东边升起。 3.主将从现。在时间、条件等状语从句中，从句用一般现在时表将来。 例句: The old woman will be happy if her son goes home. 如果老妇人的儿子能回家，她会感到开心。 4.表示按计划或安排好的将要发生的动作，用一般现在时表将来，但仅限于 start, begin, leave, go, come, arrive 等词。 例句: The meeting starts at three this afternoon. 会议今天下午三点开始。
标志词 1.频度副词： always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never, hardly ever 2. 频率词组: once a year, twice a month,three times a day等 3.其他词组： on Sundays, at/ on weekends, every day/ year
一般 过去时 结构 ①主语+ was/ were ②主语+动词过去式 1.表示过去某个时间里所发生的动作或存在的状态。 例句: We went to the shopping mall last week. 我们上周去了商场。 2.表示过去经常性或习惯性的动作,常与 always, usually, often,sometimes, never等频度副词连用。 例句: He always took the time to explain things to me clearly whenever I couldn't understand anything. 每当我有什么不明白的地方,他总是花时间给我解释清楚。 3.在since 引导的时间状语从句中，主句用现在完成时，从句用一般过去时。 例句: She has worked in the city since she graduated from university. 她从大学毕业后就一直在这个城市工作。 4.有些句子中没有明确表示过去的时间状语，但实际上是指过去发生的动作或存在的状态，应当用一般过去时。 例句: What was the final score 最终比分是多少 (说话时比分已经出来了)
标志词 1. ago; 2. yesterday; 3. last night/ week/month; 4. just now, in the past, in + 过去年份等； 5. at the age of …,used to ...; 6. one day, long long ago, once upon a time
一般 将来时 结构 ①主语 + will/ shall +动词原形(表示对未来事实或将来的预测) ②主语+ be going to +动词原形(表示打算、计划、愿意做某事，也可用来表示自然现象) ③主语 + be + doing (动词现在分词) 1.表示将来发生的动作或存在的状态。 例句: Some scientists believe that there will be more robots in the future.一些科学家相信未来会有更多的机器人。 2. be going to +动词原形，表示计划、打算做某事，表示已决定的、很可能发生的事，或有某种迹象表明要发生的事。 例句: He is going to take a travel next week. 他打算下周去旅行。 3. be doing,表示将来,常用于这种结构的动词有 go, come, leave,stay, start, begin等,表示即将发生或安排好要做的事情。 例句: He is coming. 他来了。 4. “be about to+动词原形”和“be to +动词原形”结构,表示即将发生的动作。 例句: William and Lucy are to be married in August. 威廉和露西将在八月份结婚。 He calls at an inopportune moment, when we are about to go out.他 打来得真不是时候，我们正准备外出。 5.表示某种必然的趋势。 例句: Fish will die without water.鱼没有水会死。 6.祈使句+and/or+含有将来时的句子。 例句: Hurry up, or we will miss the bus. 快点，否则我们会错过公交车。 7.主将从现。用在由 if, unless, as soon as, when, once, until 等引导的时间状语和条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表将来。 例句: We will hang out, if it doesn't rain tomorrow. 如果明天不下雨，我们就出去玩。
标志词 1. tomorrow, soon,later, tonight; 2. next week/ month; 3. in a week, in +将来 年份, in +一段 时间； 4. one day, in the(near) future
现在 进行时 结构 主语 + am/ is/ are +动 词现在分词 1.表示说话人说话时正在进行的动作。 例句: The students are listening to the teacher. 学生们正在听老师讲课。 2.表示现阶段正在进行的动作或持续的状态。 例句:I'm reading a history book this month. 我这个月正在读一本历史书。 3.表示计划或安排好的将来要做的事情。 例句: Laura is flying to Hong Kong tomorrow. 劳拉明天乘飞机去香港。 4. go, come, leave, fly, start, arrive, meet, move, begin, stop等动词用现在进行时表将来。 例句: Keep calm, please! I'm arriving. 请保持冷静！我马上就到了。
标志词 1. now, right now; 2. at present, at this time, at the/ this moment等; 3. these days; 4. when, while; 5. Look! / Listen!
时态 基本结构&时间标志词 常见用法&例句
过去 进行时 结构 主语 + was/ were + 动词现在分词 1.表示过去某个时刻正在进行的动作。 例句:I was watching TV at nine last night. 昨天晚上九点我正在看电视。 2.表示两个过去的动作同时进行。 ①When 引导的时间状语从句中，从句用一般过去时，主句用过去进行时，表示一个动作发生时，另一个动作正在进行。 例句: When he called me, I was having dinner. 当他给我打电话时，我正在吃晚饭。 ②While 引导的时间状语从句中，主句与从句均用过去进行时，表示两个动作在某一时刻同时进行。 例句:I was doing my homework while my sister was watching TV.当我妹妹在看电视时，我在做作业。 3.过去进行时常和 always 等频度副词连用，表示过去频繁发生的习惯性动作，此时的过去进行时带有一定的感彩。 例句: Alice was always changing her mind. 爱丽丝总是改变主意。(表示抱怨)
标志词 1. then; 2. at that time, at ten yesterday, at this time yesterday 等; 3. when/ while 引导的表示过去时间状语的从句。
现在 完成时 结构 主语 + have/ has + 动词过去分词 1.已完成用法：表示过去发生的动作或已经完成的某一动作对现在造成的影响或结果。 例句:— Have you had your lunch yet 你吃过午饭了吗 — Yes, I have. I' ve just had it.是的,吃过了。我刚吃完。 2.未完成用法：表示从过去开始持续到现在的动作或状态，也许还要持续下去，常和 for， since 连用，表示持续的动作或状态，注意动词必须为延续性动词。如果动词是短暂性的，需转换为相应的延续性动词。(见补充与拓展表格) 例句: He has kept my dictionary for two days. 他拿着我的字典已经两天了。 3.特殊用法： (1) have gone to“去了某地”(强调去了,还未回来) have been to“去过某地”(强调去过,已经回来) have been in“在······待······;已经在某地”(强调一直待在某地,常与表示一段时间的时间状语连用)。 例句: Mary has gone to Hong Kong. 玛丽去香港了。(现在还没回来) Mary has been to Hong Kong twice. 玛丽去过香港两次。(现在已经回来了) Mary has been in Hong Kong for two years. 玛丽已经在香港待了两年了。 (2)短暂性动词(瞬间动词)可用于完成时，但不能与时间段(for，since)连用，如果句中有时间段，需要将短暂性动词转换为延续性动词。
标志词 1. already, ever, before,never, just, yet, still; 2. recently, lately, so far, up to/ till now; 3. in the past/ last three years; 4. since 1998, since +时间点； 5. for three years, for+一段时间
补充与拓展
1.现在完成时中常见的非延续性动词与延续性动词。
非延续性动词 延续性动词
come be here
go be there
begin/ start be on
finish be over
close be closed
open be open
leave be away
die be dead
marry be married
join be in
arrive/ reach be
buy have
borrow keep
lose not have
put on wear
wake up be awake
fall asleep be asleep
catch a cold have a cold
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 北京改编)A lot of people in China (travel) by high-speed train every year.
2.(2024 山东济宁改编)I am going (cook) a meal for Dad on Father's Day.
3.(2024 江苏扬州) Elena (drop) the novel she was reading on the desk and looked out the window.
4. 团队合作)》》(2024 江 苏 常 州 改 编 ) The teacher often ( encourage)students to work closely with each other.
5.(2024 四川雅安改编) All the students (have) a P. E. lesson on the playground now.
6.(2024 甘肃临夏) Peter (have)supper with his parents yesterday when the phone rang.
7.(2024 江苏南京二模改编) How time flies! Our junior high (come) to an end.
8.(2024 贵州黔东南二模改编)Confucius was a famous educator. His ideas (influence) many people.
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.(2024江苏镇江改编)到目前为止，一些方言已经使用了数千年。它们充满了当地的色彩。
So far, some of the dialects in use for thousands of years. They are full of local color.
2.(2024福建改编)昨天我看到小王时，他正在帮助一位老人过马路。
When I saw Xiao Wang yesterday, he an old man cross the road.
3. 跨学科·地理 >地球绕着太阳转。
The earth the sun.
4.如果你不抓紧赶上大家，你就会落在我们后面。
If you don't catch up, you behind us.
5.桑迪自从参加了那部电影的试演，就痴迷于表演。
Sandy has been crazy about acting since she for that film.
6.以前，李华在背诵长诗时总是很困难。
In the past, Li Hua always in reciting long poems.
7.史密斯先生来中国半年了，他已经适应了这里的生活。
Mr. Smith has China for half a year and he has been used to the life here.
8.我的父母总是把我和别的孩子比较。
My parents are always me other children.
9.(2024 江苏无锡三模)我想知道这本书他借多久了。
I wonder how long he the book.
考点五 动词的语态
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
主动语态 被动语态
一般 现在时 do/ does am/ is/ are + done We clean the classroom every day. 我们每天打扫教室。 The classroom is cleaned by us every day.教室每天被我们打扫。
一般 过去时 did was/ were + done He wrote the book. 他 写 的这本书。 The book was written by him. 这本书是他写的。
时态 主动语态 被动语态 例句
主动语态 被动语态
一般 将来时 will/ shall/ be going to + do will/ shall/ be going to + be done They will plant trees tomorrow. 他 们明天将要植树。 Trees will be planted by themtomorrow.明天树将要被他们种植。
含有情态动词 can/ may/ must/ should + do can/ may/ must/ should + be done We shouldn't throw waste paper here.我们不应该把废纸扔在这儿。 Waste paper shouldn't be thrown here.废纸不应该被扔在这儿。
补充与拓展
1.常见主动语态变被动语态的特殊情况
主动语态中有些感官动词,如 hear, see, watch,notice等,和使役动词,如 make, let等,后用不带 to 的不定式作宾语补足语，变为被动语态时，要把不定式符号 to 还原。
例句: hear/ see sb. do sth.
→sb. be heard/ seen to do sth.
make sb. do sth.→sb. be made to do sth.
2.使用被动语态的情况
(1)不知道动作的执行者是谁；
例句: Rice is grown in the south of China.
水稻在中国南方种植。
(2)没有必要指出动作的执行者；
例句: Smoking isn't allowed in the gas station.加油站不允许吸烟。
(3)需要强调或突出动作的承受者；
例句: Your work must be finished today.
你(们)的工作今天必须完成。
(4)出于礼貌措辞等原因而不愿意说出动作的执行者；
例句: My glass was broken this morning.
我的玻璃杯今天早上被摔碎了。
(5)动作的发出者不是人；
例句: Many houses were washed away by the floods.许多房屋被洪水冲走了。
(6)主动结构表示被动意义的情况；
①动词 open, read, sell, write, lock, cut, burn等词作不及物动词，且主语为物时；
例句: This kind of pen writes very smoothly.
这种钢笔写起来很流畅。
②某些系动词(如 smell, look, taste, feel, sound等)描述某物特性时；
例句: Mooncakes taste delicious.
月饼尝起来很美味。
③be worth doing中, doing表示被动意义;
例句: This book is worth reading.
这本书值得一读。
④need/ require + doing相当于 need/ require to be done。
例句: Your car needs washing. = Your car needs to be washed.你的汽车需要清洗了。
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1. 文化自信》》(2024 北京改编) Chinese is (speak) by more and more people around the world these days.
2. 著名人物》》(2024 天津改编) Lao She wrote many plays and he was (name) “the People's Artist”.
3.(2024 广东广州改编)A lot of fun games will be (hold) on the Sports Day in our school next week.
4.(2024 山东滨州三模改编) The students all wonder if the English Festival will be (cancel) if there is a heavy snow next week.
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.(2024贵州黔东南二模)如果你将原图发到群聊里，你的家庭地址将被泄露。
If you post original photos to the group chats,your home address will be .
2.我的同学每年都给贫困地区的孩子们送新衣服和新鞋子。
New clothes and shoes children in poor areas by my classmates every year.
3.很多父母在几天前受邀去观看他们孩子的表演。
Many parents to watch their kids' performances a few days ago.
4.(2024 山东枣庄一模)一切都值得尝试，只要你倾注全力。
Everything is as long as you put your effort in it.
考点六 动词的非谓语形式
1.动词不定式
(1)构成:
①基本形式:a. to +动词原形;b.省略 to 的不定式
②否定形式: not(to) do sth.
(2)不定式的功能和用法
功能 用法 例句
作主语 谓语动词用第三人称单数；为保持句子平衡，常用 it 作形式主语，将真正的主语——动词不定式后置。 It's good for you to take exercise. 对 你 而 言 锻 炼 是 有益的。
作宾语 ①及物动词+动词不定式 ②宾语后有宾语补足语，常用 it 作形式宾语，而将真正的宾语后置。 I decide to finish my homework first. 我 决 定 先 完 成 我 的作业。 She finds it difficult to finish the job by herself.她发现独自完成这项工作很困难。
作状语 表目的，常见的短语: in order to, so as to, only to do等。 He went to the library to borrow some books. 他去图书馆借了几本书。
表结果，常见短语：enough to do sth.,too ... to do sth. ,so … as to 等。 Paul is too excited to say anything. 保罗激动得说不出话。
表原因 I'm sorry to hear that your mother is ill. 听说你妈妈生病了我很难过。
作宾 语补 足语 “动词 +宾语 +不定式”结构中，不定式做宾语补足语。与宾语有逻辑上的主谓关系，宾语补足语一般为宾语所做的动作。 My English teacher advises us to remember English words every day.我的英语老师建议我们每天都要记单词。
补充与拓展
1.常见接不定式作宾语的动词(v. + to do sth.)
want 想要 forget忘记
refuse 拒绝 need 需要
try 尝试 learn 学习
like 喜欢 agree 同意
help 帮助 hope/ wish希望
decide决定 begin/ start 开始
choose 选择 expect 期待
fail 失败 afford 负担得起
manage 设法做到 plan 计划
prepare 准备 promise 承诺
2.常见接动词不定式作宾语补足语的动词(v.+ sb. + to do sth.)
advise 建议 allow 允许
ask 问 expect期待
remind 提醒 encourage 鼓励
invite 邀请 order命令
teach 教 tell 告诉
want想要 warn 警告
wish 希望 would like 想要
persuade 劝告 force 强迫
根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
3.疑问词+不定式
不定式可以和疑问代词 who, what, which 以及疑问副词 when, how, where连用构成不定式短语，在句中充当主语、宾语、表语等成分。
例句：
①When to go to Beijing hasn't been decided yet.
什么时候去北京还没定下来。(作主语)
②I haven't decided when to leave for Beijing.
我还没决定什么时候去北京。(作宾语)
③My question is how to go to Beijing.
我的问题是如何去北京。(作表语)
4.使用动词不定式的主要句型
(1) It takes/ took sb. some time to do sth.
某人花费多长时间做某事
(2) It's time to do sth. = It's time for sth.
是做某事的时候了
(3) It's one's turn to do sth.
轮到某人做某事
(4) It is + adj. +(for sb. ) to do sth.
做某事(对某人来说)……
(5) find/ think/ feel it + adj. + to do sth. 发现/认为/感到做某事……
(6) prefer to do sth. rather than do sth. 宁愿做某事而不愿做某事
(7) too... to...太……以致于不能……
(8) adj. + enough+ to do sth.
足够/足以……做某事
2.动词的-ing 形式
(1)构成:①肯定形式:动词原形+-ing;
②否定形式: not+v.-ing
(2)句法功能
功能 例句
主语 动词的-ing形式在句中作主语时，谓语动词用单数。 Skating on the thin ice is dangerous.
宾语 I finished doing my homework.
表语 The nurse's job is looking after the patients.
定语 She is reading in the reading room.
宾语补足语 He kept the machine running for ten hours.
状语 They went out of the classroom, talking and laughing.
特例清单
1.英语中一些词(组)后常跟动名词作宾语，初中阶段这类词(组)有: finish(完成), mind(介意), be worth(值得), be busy(忙于), practice(练习), have fun(玩得高兴), feel like(想要), be used to(习惯于), consider(考虑), enjoy(喜欢)。
2.几组动词接不定式及动名词辨析：
(1) stop doing sth.停止做某事
stop to do sth.停止、中断做某事后去做另一件事
(2) forget doing sth.忘记做过某事(事情已做)
forget to do sth.忘记要去做某事(事情没做)
(3) remember doing sth.记得做过某事(事情已做)
remember to do sth.记着去做某事(事情没做)
(4) try doing sth.尝试着去做某事
try to do sth.设法或努力去做某事
(5) regret doing sth.对做过的事情感到遗憾、后悔(已做)
regret to do sth.对要做的事感到遗憾(未做)
(6) mean doing sth.意味着做某事
mean to do sth.打算做某事
3.动词的-ed形式
(1)句法功能
功能 例句
作表语 We were delighted to receive your email.
作定语 She had a pleased look on her face.
作宾语补足语 We all wished the problem settled.
作状语 Mr. Smith, deeply moved, thanked him again and again.
(2)动词的-ing形式与动词的-ed形式作定语和作表语时的区别
①作定语时，动词的-ing形式与被修饰词之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与被修饰词之间是被动关系。
如:a moving story 一个感人的故事
the moved people 被感动的人
②作表语时，动词的-ing形式与主语之间是主动关系，而动词的-ed形式与主语之间是被动关系。
如: The job was interesting.这份工作很有趣。
He was interested in the job.他对这份工作感兴趣。
针对训练
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.(2024 江苏宿迁改编) By reading the public signs, he had no difficulty in (find)the shopping mall.
2.(2024 黑龙江绥化改编) My little brother suggested (go) for a walk.
3. Father had his car (repair) in the 4Sshop last week.
4. (eat) too much sweet food will make people get fat.
5. Our government has done a lot to protect the environment. Lots of ( pollute)rivers are much cleaner now.
6. He spoke louder to make himself (hear).
7. Loving nature is (love) ourselves.
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.(2024江苏无锡一模改编)由于事情太多，他已经习惯了熬夜到很晚。
He has been used to late because of too much work.
2.我们要避免过多依赖手机。
We should avoid mobile phones too much.
3.要记得对帮助过你的人心存感激。
be thankful to the people who have helped you.
4.据说那些从月球上带回来的岩石下周将在科技馆被展览。
It's the rocks which were brought back from the moon would be on show in the science museum next week.
5.在国外学习的青少年在上第一堂课时可能会发现一些令人惊讶的事情。
Teenagers may find something surprising when they have the first class.
6.(2024甘肃定西一模)不要买任何象牙制造的东西。
中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
Don't buy anything ivory.21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
参考答案
考点感知
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.went 2.spread 3.to make 4.be held 5. handed 6.collects
5.been 6.are singing 7. be solved 8. was asked
Ⅱ.根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填入各题空白处。有一项为多余。
1.can't 2.may 3.follow 4. must 5. expect
Ⅲ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.join in 2.take a 3.look after / care for 4. turn out 5. put up
考点梳理
考点一
Ⅰ.根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词并用其正确形式填空。
1.produces 2.polluted 3.is 4.trying
Ⅱ.根据语境，从方框中选择恰当的单词填入各题空白处。
1.tastes 2.seems 3.become
Ⅲ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.appointed him 2. bought gift 3.rose up
考点二
1.take up 2.put on 3.work out 4.look up 5.turn off 6. gave away 7.give up
8.come true 9.out turned 10. let down 11.turned down
考点三
第一组
1.can 2. should 3.may 4.mustn't 5.could 6.would
第二组
1.must 2.can't 3.may
考点四
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.travel 2. to cook 3.dropped 4.encourages 5.are having 6.was having 7.is coming 8.have influenced
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.have been 2.was helping 3.moves round 4.will fall 5.tried out
6.had difficulty 7. been in 8.comparing with 10. has kept
考点五
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.spoken 2.named 3.held 4.cancelled
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.given away 2. are sent 3.were invited 4.worth trying
考点六
Ⅰ.根据语境，在各题空白处填入括号内单词的正确形式。
1.finding 2.going 3.repaired 4.Eating 5.polluted 6.heard 7.loving
Ⅱ.根据中文意思，补全英语译文。(每空限填一词，缩写算一词)
1.staying up 2.depending on 3.Remember to 4.said that 5.studying abroad 6.made of