(共14张PPT)
中考专题
完形填空之说明文
分析考情·确定目标
探究考法·突破考点
总结归纳·构建思维
目录
真题操练·提升能力
（2020·河北·中考真题）Whenever the exam season comes, stress（焦虑） may come along. Here are some 1 that helped me and my friends through this season.
When the stress of exams is really hitting me, I stop and take a walk. I usually borrow my neighbor's dog and 2 for about fifteen minutes. Many boys would simply choose to run for a while, or play ball games. Having some 3 drives away your stress easily most of the time.
And 4 you find music helpful, give it a go. Listening to your favorite songs will surely make you 5 . The best thing about this is that you don’t have to go 6 .
But if you are a book lover just like me， 7 a book you like for half an hour. Reading can take you to places you've 8 been. Putting yourself into a new world helps you forget your stress in this world for a little bit.
For sure, there's nothing better than laughing. Laughing is the best medicine. It can really keep 9 off your mind! Very often I call my best friend and we 10 our good times or something funny, and I'm feeling better before I know it.
Remember many others also face the problem of stress just like you, and it is not something that cannot be dealt with.
1．A．ways B．reasons C．habits D．results
2．A．walk B．jump C．stand D．sit
3．A．jokes B．sports C．tasks D．lessons
4．A．before B．until C．since D．if
5．A．lovely B．friendly C．happy D．sleepy
6．A．somewhere B．everywhere C．anywhere D．nowhere
7．A．copy B．write C．print D．read
8．A．ever B．never C．seldom D．always
9．A．worry B．pity C．surprise D．pain
10．A．think about B．talk about C．care about D．hear about
1．A 2．A 3．B 4．D 5．C 6．C 7．D 8．B 9．A 50．B
（2023·河北·中考真题）Some people have no interest in sports. They think that sports make them 11 and smell bad. They say, “Why waste time playing sports ” To these people, I politely say, “You have not discovered the 12 of sports!”
Let me share with you a basketball game I played two weeks ago. Our parents and friends were there to 13 us. A lot of people were watching. We all wanted to 14 the game in front of so many people.
The game was 15 over and we were one point behind. Our coach called us together and said, “Okay, this is it! Either we score now or the game is over. Let’s work hard to score. Even if we don’t score, 16 we know that we have tried our best. So, boys, don’t think too much. It doesn’t matter if we lose. Just do it.”
Well, in the last 17 of the game, we truly scored and two teams tied (打成平局)! We went into overtime (加时) and we lost in the end. But after the game, the coach hugged all of us. He told us that he was 18 because he had never seen a team try harder than us.
To be honest, I 19 a lot of pleasure in playing sports. It makes me happy and comfortable. That’s why I play sports whenever I get the chance. So my 20 is to choose a sport and keep doing it. Your body will thank you and your mind will be ready to work well.
11．A．lazy B．tired C．ugly D．stupid
12．A．price B．time C．fun D．level
13．A．call B．praise C．help D．cheer
14．A．win B．watch C．join D．report
15．A．suddenly B．nearly C．finally D．recently
16．A．at first B．at once C．at times D．at least
17．A．month B．week C．hour D．minute
18．A．brave B．active C．proud D．honest
19．A．feel B．face C．guess D．give
20．A．advice B．order C．action D．interest
11．B 12．C 13．D 14．A 15．B 16．D 17．D 18．C 19．A 20．A
题型 考查频次 真题分析 命题预测
完形填空 5年2考 （20、23年）
分析考情·确定目标
1.主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然。
2.说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多。既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句形结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
3.选项以考查实词为主，如名、动、形、副等。虚词考查连词和介词主要考查词义辨析。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多。
20年版
文本分析：话题“成长指导”。
考前缓解压力的几种方式。
考点分析：以实词为主（动2，形1， 名3，副词 2，动短 1），虚词为辅（连 1），突出词汇语境化”。
23年版
话题“人与自我”。
介绍自己对运动的喜爱以及自己的运动经历。
考点分析：以实词为主（动3，名3，形2，副1 ，副短1），虚词没有考查，突出词汇语境化”。
（1）分析文本特点，掌握解题策略
利用首句，明确说明对象。
分析说明文的结构模式，把握文本逻辑关系。
弄清说明顺序，熟悉逻辑衔接。
探究考法·突破考点
（2024·安徽·中考真题） Pets aren't just a fun member of the family. They are also good for your health and happiness.
People with pets are more likely（可能的） to be （1） ______ ....
Spending time with your pet helps you get （3） ______ .....
Having an animal in the family helps you learn new （6） ______ ，like how to teach them to understand orders，such as"Sit"or"Lie down"....
（1）分析文本特点，掌握解题策略
利用首句，明确说明对象。
分析说明文的结构模式(总-分；分-总；总-分-总等)，把握段落逻辑关系(并列、递进、因果等)。
弄清说明顺序，熟悉逻辑衔接次。
探究考法·突破考点
①Pets aren't just a fun member of the family. They are also good for your health and happiness.
②People with pets are more likely（可能的） to be （1） ______ ....
③Spending time with your pet helps you get （3） ______ .....
④Having an animal in the family helps you learn new （6） ______ ，like how to teach them to understand orders，such as"Sit"or"Lie down"....
①
② ③ ④
（1）分析文本特点，掌握解题策略
利用首句，明确说明对象。
分析说明文的结构模式，把握文本逻辑关系。
弄清说明顺序（空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序-发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序-从原因到结果、从主到次、递进或对比等），熟悉逻辑衔接。
探究考法·突破考点
逻辑关系 例词
让步和转折 but, however, yet, unfortunately, although, even though, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
因果关系 because, for, since, as,therefore, so, so…that, such…that,
in order that, because of, now that, as a result, for this reason等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, that is to say, as well as, the same…as等。
递进关系 then, besides, what is more, what’s worse, even worse等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance等。
（2024·四川·中考真题）Why do our teeth become sensitive （敏感的）？When you drink cold water，your teeth may have an uncomfortable feeling.If you've ever experienced this feeling，you may have sensitive （2） ______ .
2.A. noses C. feet D. eyes
（2）分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
利用复现，直接或间接找答案。
认真研读，根据上下文理解单词或短语。
用已学知识和已有经验，扫清词汇理解障碍。
B. teeth
探究考法·突破考点
（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In fact，most men in Australia call their friends something other than their real names.It is part of our culture to（3） ______ or make up names for those we know and love.For example，one of my friends is called Alex，but we call him Al. Another is named Jayson，but everyone knows him as Jase.
3.A. create C. borrow D. choose
（2）分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
利用复现，直接或间接找答案。
认真研读，根据上下文理解单词或短语。
用已学知识和已有经验，扫清词汇理解障碍。
B. shorten
探究考法·突破考点
（2024·山东·中考真题）There are over fifty different types of plastics.Many of them are used for packaging（包装）.Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable.When they are （2） ______ ，they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous.
2. B. heated C. bought D. used
（2）分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
利用复现，直接或间接找答案。
认真研读，根据上下文理解单词或短语。
用已学知识和已有经验，扫清词汇理解障碍。
A. burned
探究考法·突破考点
命题方向
中考对说明文的考查多为科普知识，动植物特性、自然现象和新产品、新工艺
介绍以及人文地理、风土人情等方面的说明文，文中解释性、定义性、说明性
的句子居多。既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句形结构、复合句的
关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。
解题要点
题型破解
完型填空
之说明文
1. 利用首句，明确说明对象。
2. 分析说明文的结构模式，把握文本逻辑关系。
解题策略
3. 弄清说明顺序，熟悉逻辑衔接。
1.利用复现，直接或间接找答案
2. 认真研读，根据上下文理解单词或短语。
3. 用已学知识和已有经验，扫清词汇理解障碍。
总结归纳·构建思维
（2024·呼市·中考真题）My name is Murray Wenzel.But my friends call me Muz，Muzza，Wenz or even Moon.Yes，I have lots of nicknames（昵称）.But in Australia，where I am from，that's quite（1） ______ .
In fact，most men in Australia call their friends something other than their（2） ______ names.It is part of our culture to（3） ______ or make up names for those we know and love.For example，one of my friends is called Alex，but we call him Al.（4） ______ is named Jayson，but everyone knows him as Jase.In Australia most men called William are（5） ______ Bill，while Jeremy is Jez，James is Jim and Joseph is Joey.
Sometimes we use the person's（6） ______ in his or her nickname，like my friend Karl Schussig who we call Schuzza.
Sometimes we join them together，like my friend Troy Cassels being called TC.
And we sometimes（7） ______ a new name for our friends. My friend Nathan's nickname is "Prez"，（8） ______ when we first met he joked that I should call him "Mr President".
Even more interesting is when we are given opposite nicknames .For example，a man with red hair will be known as Bluey，and a（9） ______ man will be called Shorty.
Most of my friends call me Muz，but those who I play football with call me Moon.So，I have different names（10） ____ who I am talking to.
41.A. positive B. simple C. common D. close
42.A. real B. funny C. active D. small
43.A. create B. shorten C. borrow D. choose
44.A. Other B. Others C. The other D. Another
45.A. popular with B. famous for C. known as D. similar to
46.A. new name B. first name C. given name D. family name
47.A. turn on B. make up C. look up D. set out
48.A. yet B. but C. because D. however
49.A. tall B. strong C. fat D. short
50.A. looking after B. listening to C. agreeing with D. depending on
1. C、2. A、3. B、4. D、5. C、6. D、7. B、8. C、9. A、10. D
真题操练·提升能力
Have a bright future!专题01 完形填空
考情透视·目标导航
（2020·河北·中考真题）Whenever the exam season comes, stress（焦虑） may come along. Here are some 1 that helped me and my friends through this season.
When the stress of exams is really hitting me, I stop and take a walk. I usually borrow my neighbor's dog and 2 for about fifteen minutes. Many boys would simply choose to run for a while, or play ball games. Having some 3 drives away your stress easily most of the time.
And 4 you find music helpful, give it a go. Listening to your favorite songs will surely make you 5 . The best thing about this is that you don’t have to go 6 .
But if you are a book lover just like me， 7 a book you like for half an hour. Reading can take you to places you've 8 been. Putting yourself into a new world helps you forget your stress in this world for a little bit.
For sure, there's nothing better than laughing. Laughing is the best medicine. It can really keep 9 off your mind! Very often I call my best friend and we 10 our good times or something funny, and I'm feeling better before I know it.
Remember many others also face the problem of stress just like you, and it is not something that cannot be dealt with.
1．A．ways B．Reasons C．habits D．results
2．A．walk B．jump C．stand D．sit
3．A．jokes B．sports C．tasks D．lessons
4．A．before B．until C．since D．if
5．A．lovely B．friendly C．happy D．sleepy
6．A．somewhere B．everywhere C．anywhere D．nowhere
7．A．copy B．write C．print D．read
8．A．ever B．never C．seldom D．always
9．A．worry B．pity C．surprise D．pain
10．A．think about B．talk about C．care about D．hear about
（2023·河北·中考真题）Some people have no interest in sports. They think that sports make them 11 and smell bad. They say, “Why waste time playing sports ” To these people, I politely say, “You have not discovered the 12 of sports!”
Let me share with you a basketball game I played two weeks ago. Our parents and friends were there to 13 us. A lot of people were watching. We all wanted to 14 the game in front of so many people.
The game was 15 over and we were one point behind. Our coach called us together and said, “Okay, this is it! Either we score now or the game is over. Let’s work hard to score. Even if we don’t score, 16 we know that we have tried our best. So, boys, don’t think too much. It doesn’t matter if we lose. Just do it.”
Well, in the last 17 of the game, we truly scored and two teams tied (打成平局)! We went into overtime (加时) and we lost in the end. But after the game, the coach hugged all of us. He told us that he was 18 because he had never seen a team try harder than us.
To be honest, I 19 a lot of pleasure in playing sports. It makes me happy and comfortable. That’s why I play sports whenever I get the chance. So my 20 is to choose a sport and keep doing it. Your body will thank you and your mind will be ready to work well.
11．A．lazy B．tired C．ugly D．stupid
12．A．price B．time C．fun D．level
13．A．call B．praise C．help D．cheer
14．A．win B．watch C．join D．report
15．A．suddenly B．nearly C．finally D．recently
16．A．at first B．at once C．at times D．at least
17．A．month B．week C．hour D．minute
18．A．brave B．active C．proud D．honest
19．A．feel B．face C．guess D．give
20．A．advice B．order C．action D．interest
题型 考查频次 真题分析 命题预测
完形填空 2考 （20、23年） 20年版 文本分析：话题“成长指导”。 考前缓解压力的几种方式。 考点分析：以实词为主（动2，形1， 名3，副词 2，动短 1），虚词为辅（连 1），突出词汇语境化”。 1.主题语境包含人与社会、人与自我、人与自然。 2.说明文具有与自己特点相适应的说明方法，因此说明文结构复杂，专业术语多。既考查词语搭配、近义词辨异、动词时态、句形结构、复合句的关联和习惯用法等，又考查了逻辑推理和事理推断能力。 3.选项以考查实词为主，如名、动、形、副等。虚词考查连词和介词主要考查词义辨析。对动词、名词和形容词的考查最多。
23年版 话题“人与自我”。 介绍自己对运动的喜爱以及自己的运动经历。 考点分析：以实词为主（动3，名3，形2，副1 ，副短1），虚词没有考查，突出词汇语境化”。
考点突破·考法探究
（1）分析文本特点，掌握解题策略
利用首句，明确说明对象。
（2024·安徽·中考真题） Pets aren't just a fun member of the family. They are also good for your health and happiness.
People with pets are more likely（可能的） to be （1） ______ ....
Spending time with your pet helps you get （3） ______ .....
Having an animal in the family helps you learn new （6） ______ ，like how to teach them to understand orders，such as"Sit"or"Lie down"....
分析说明文的结构模式(总-分；分-总；总-分-总等)，把握段落逻辑关系(并列、递进、因果等)。
①Pets aren't just a fun member of the family. They are also good for your health and happiness.
②People with pets are more likely（可能的） to be （1） ______ ....
③Spending time with your pet helps you get （3） ______ .....
④Having an animal in the family helps you learn new （6） ______ ，like how to teach them to understand orders，such as"Sit"or"Lie down"....
弄清说明顺序（空间顺序-从上到下、从外到内、从左到右、从远到近、从中间到四周、从整体到部分；时间顺序-发生、发展、消亡的过程；逻辑顺序-从原因到结果、从主到次、递进或对比等），熟悉逻辑衔接。
逻辑关系 例词
让步和转折 but, however, yet, unfortunately, although, even though, instead of, rather than, not…but等。
因果关系 because, for, since, as,therefore, so, so…that, such…that, in order that, because of, now that, as a result, for this reason等。
并列关系 and, or, neither…nor, either…or, not only…but also, that is to say, as well as, the same…as等。
递进关系 then, besides, what is more, what’s worse, even worse等。
总分关系 such as, for example, for instance等。
（2）分析命题规律，掌握解题策略
1. 利用复现，直接或间接找答案。
（2024·四川·中考真题）Why do our teeth become sensitive （敏感的）？When you drink cold water，your teeth may have an uncomfortable feeling.If you've ever experienced this feeling，you may have sensitive （2） ______ .
A. noses B. teeth C. feet D. eyes
认真研读，根据上下文理解单词或短语。
（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）In fact，most men in Australia call their friends something other than their real names.It is part of our culture to（3） ______ or make up names for those we know and love.For example，one of my friends is called Alex，but we call him Al. Another is named Jayson，but everyone knows him as Jase.
A. create B. shorten C. borrow D. choose
3. 用已学知识和已有经验，扫清词汇理解障碍。
(2024·山东·中考真题）There are over fifty different types of plastics.Many of them are used for packaging（包装）.Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable.When they are （2） ______ ，they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous.
2. A. burned B. heated C. bought D. used
真题操练·提升能力
（2024·呼市·中考真题）My name is Murray Wenzel.But my friends call me Muz，Muzza，Wenz or even Moon.Yes，I have lots of nicknames（昵称）.But in Australia，where I am from，that's quite（1） ______ .
In fact，most men in Australia call their friends something other than their（2） ______ names.It is part of our culture to（3） ______ or make up names for those we know and love.For example，one of my friends is called Alex，but we call him Al.（4） ______ is named Jayson，but everyone knows him as Jase.In Australia most men called William are（5） ______ Bill，while Jeremy is Jez，James is Jim and Joseph is Joey.
Sometimes we use the person's（6） ______ in his or her nickname，like my friend Karl Schussig who we call Schuzza.
Sometimes we join them together，like my friend Troy Cassels being called TC.
And we sometimes（7） ______ a new name for our friends.My friend Nathan's nickname is "Prez"，（8） ______ when we first met he joked that I should call him "Mr President".
Even more interesting is when we are given opposite nicknames.For example，a man with red hair will be known as Bluey，and a（9） ______ man will be called Shorty.
Most of my friends call me Muz，but those who I play football with call me Moon.So，I have different names（10） ____ who I am talking to.
1.A. positive B. simple C. common D. close
2.A. real B. funny C. active D. small
3.A. create B. shorten C. borrow D. choose
4.A. Other B. Others C. The other D. Another
5.A. popular with B. famous for C. known as D. similar to
6.A. new name B. first name C. given name D. family name
7.A. turn on B. make up C. look up D. set out
8.A. yet B. but C. because D. however
9.A. tall B. strong C. fat D. short
10.A. looking after B. listening to C. agreeing with D. depending on专题01 完形填空之说明文
（一）
（2024·内蒙古·中考真题）Why do our teeth become sensitive （敏感的）？When you drink cold water，your teeth may have a（n）（ 1） ______ feeling.If you've ever experienced this feeling，you may have sensitive （2） ______ .Actually，millions of people around the world （3） ______ this common problem.
People with sensitive teeth may have feelings of pain when they （4） ______ or drink something cold，hot，sour or sweet.Sometimes even a deep （5） ______ of cold air can make you experience pain.
Scientists have found that some reasons can （6） ______ you to have sensitive teeth. （7） ______ ，brushing your teeth too hard can hurt the enamel （牙釉质） on your teeth.Foods that are acidic （酸性的），such as lemons and tomatoes，can also （8） ______ enamel over time.
There are a number of ways to help to reduce the pain （9） ______ your teeth are sensitive.It will be helpful to use a soft toothbrush and to brush your teeth carefully and （10） ______ .Watching what you eat and drink can help，too.
1.A. uncomfortable B. unfair C. hot D. funny
2.A. noses B. teeth C. feet D. eyes
3.A. choose B. control C. doubt D. share
4.A. eat B. buy C. cook D. steal
5.A. love B. fear C. breath D. memory
6.A. expect B. cause C. require D. advise
7.A. At last B. For example C. However D. Instead
8.A. touch B. catch C. hurt D. become
9.A. if B. before C. unless D. until
10.A. heavily B. loudly C. silently D. softly
【答案】A、B、D、A、C、B、B、C、A、D
【解析】（1）考查形容词。句意：当你喝冷水时，你的牙齿可能会有一种不舒服的感觉。uncomfortable不舒服的；unfair不公平的；hot热的；funny有趣的。根据"When you drink cold water，your teeth may have"（当你喝冷水时，你的牙齿可能会有）可知喝冷水的时候，牙齿会不舒服。故选A。
（2）考查名词。句意：如果你曾经经历过这种感觉，你可能有敏感的牙齿。noses鼻子；teeth牙齿；feet脚；eyes眼睛。根据"When you drink cold water，your teeth may have"（当你喝冷水时，你的牙齿可能会有）可知喝冷水的时候，牙齿会不舒服，那么你有敏感的牙齿。故选B。
（3）考查动词。句意：实际上，全世界有数百万人共同拥有这个普遍问题。choose选择；control控制；doubt怀疑；share分享。根据"this common problem."（这个普遍问题）可知是有同样的问题，share符合语境。故选D。
（4）考查动词。句意：有敏感牙齿的人在吃或喝冷的、热的、酸的或甜的东西时可能会感到疼痛。eat吃；buy买；cook烹饪；steal偷。根据"or drink something cold，hot，sour or sweet."（或喝冷的、热的、酸的或甜的东西时）可知是吃或者喝冷、热、酸或甜的东西。故选A。
（5）考查名词。句意：有时即使是一口深深的呼吸冷空气也会让你感到疼痛。love爱；fear恐惧；breath呼吸；memory记忆。根据"of cold air can make you experience pain."（冷空气也会让你感到疼痛）可知是呼吸冷空气会让你感到疼痛。故选C。
（6）考查动词。句意：科学家发现，一些原因可以导致你有敏感的牙齿。expect期望；cause导致；require需要；advise建议。根据"some reasons can ...you to have sensitive teeth"（一些原因可以......你有敏感的牙齿）可知有一些原因会造成你有敏感的牙齿。故选B。
（7）考查短语。句意：例如，刷牙太用力可能会伤害牙齿上的牙釉质。At last最后；For example例如；However然而；Instead相反。根据"brushing your teeth too hard..."（刷牙太用力）可知此处是举例说明让你有敏感牙齿的原因。故选B。
（8）考查动词。句意：像柠檬和番茄这样的酸性食物，随着时间的推移也可以磨损牙釉质。touch触摸；catch捕捉；hurt伤害；become成为。根据"Foods that are acidic （酸性的），such as lemons and tomatoes，can also ...enamel over time."（像柠檬和番茄这样的酸性食物，随着时间的推移也可以......牙釉质。）可知酸性的食物也会伤害牙釉质。故选C。
（9）考查连词。句意：如果你的牙齿敏感，有很多方法可以帮助减轻疼痛。if如果；before在……之前；unless除非；until直到。后句是前句的肯定条件，用if引导条件状语从句。故选A。
（10）考查副词。句意：使用软毛牙刷，并且仔细且轻柔地刷牙会很有帮助。heavily沉重地；loudly大声地；silently默默地；softly轻轻地。根据"brush your teeth carefully and"（且仔细地刷牙会）可知要认真地轻柔地刷牙。故选D。
本文主要介绍了牙齿敏感的原因以及一些应对方法。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
（二）
（2024·安徽·中考真题Traditional Chinese medicine （TCM） is magic to me.My interest in it came from my （1） ______ .Years ago，I often had headaches，and my life was seriously influenced.I （2） ______ many different methods.However，none of them （3） ______ .Luckily，I met with a doctor of TCM during my trip in China.He advised me to take some Chinese medicine.So I did.To my surprise，my （4） ______ was gone within a week.
Later，I found that TCM could be of great help to some （5） ______ lasting for a long time，such as sleeping problems or physical pains.The （6） ______ methods in TCM also took my wife's interest.With her （7） ______ ，I'm running a website to introduce TCM.I want to help people understand that if they have some （8） ______ problems，they can try TCM.
All these experiences with TCM led me to （9） ______ ancient Chinese philosophy（哲学），for many of TCM ideas，such as yin and yang，and qi，were （10） ______ inspired（启发） by it.Since then，I have stepped onto the road to learning about Chinese culture.
1.A. habit B. education C. service D. experience
2.A. reported B. tried C. kept D. taught
3.A. worked B. started C. failed D. appeared
4.A. wealth B. courage C. chance D. pain
5.A. illnesses B. hobbies C. projects D. abilities
6.A. expensive B. helpful C. social D. blind
7.A. check B. worry C. support D. doubt
8.A. health B. food C. family D. job
9.A. drop B. write C. study D. create
10.A. recently B. rapidly C. suddenly D. directly
【答案】D、B、A、D、A、B、C、A、C、D
【解析】（1）考查名词。句意：多年前，我经常头痛，生活受到严重影响。habit习惯；education教育；service服务；experience经历。根据"Years ago，I often had headaches，and my life was seriously influenced"（几年前，我经常头痛，我的生活受到严重影响）以及下文可知，这是介绍作者的经历，故选D。
（2）考查动词。句意：我尝试了许多不同的方法。reported报告；tried尝试；kept保持；taught教。根据"...many different methods.However，none of them "（......许多不同的方法。然而，他们都没有）可知，作者尝试了很多不同的方法治疗头痛，故选B。
（3）考查动词。句意：然而，它们都不起作用。worked起作用；started开始；failed失败；appeared出现。根据"However，none of them..."（然而，他们都没有......）可知，这些方法都不起作用，故选A。
（4）考查名词。句意：令我惊讶的是，我的疼痛在一周内消失了。wealth财富；courage勇气；chance机会；pain痛苦。根据"He advised me to take some Chinese medicine."（他建议我吃一些中药。）可知，作者看了中医后，头痛消失了，故选D。
（5）考查名词。句意：后来，我发现中医对一些长期的疾病有很大的帮助，比如睡眠问题或身体疼痛。illnesses疾病；hobbies爱好；projects项目；abilities能力。根据"such as sleeping problems or physical pains"（如睡眠问题或身体疼痛）可知，这些都属于长期疾病，故选A。
（6）考查形容词。句意：中医有用的方法也引起了我妻子的兴趣。expensive昂贵的；helpful有帮助的；social社会的；blind盲的。根据"took my wife's interest"（引起了我妻子的兴趣）结合上文介绍作者的头痛在中医的帮助下治好了可知，这种方法是有用的，故选B。
（7）考查动词。句意：在她的支持下，我经营了一个介绍中医的网站。check检查；worry担心；support支持；doubt怀疑。根据"took my wife's interest"（引起了我妻子的兴趣）可知，作者的妻子支持作者，故选C。
（8）考查名词。句意：我想帮助健康的人明白，如果他们有问题，他们可以尝试中医。health健康；food食物；family家庭；job工作。根据"they can try TCM"（他们可以试试中医）可知，有健康问题可以尝试中医，故选A。
（9）考查动词。句意：所有这些中医的经历促使我学习中国古代哲学，因为中医的许多思想，如阴阳和气，都是直接受到它的启发。drop掉落；write写；study学习；create创造。根据"ancient Chinese philosophy （哲学）"（中国古代哲学）可知，作者开始学习中国古代哲学，故选C。
（10）考查副词。句意：所有这些中医的经历促使我学习中国古代哲学，因为中医的许多思想，如阴阳和气，都是直接受到它的启发。recently最近；rapidly快速地；suddenly突然地；directly直接地。根据"for many of TCM ideas，such as yin and yang，and qi，were ...inspired（启发） by it."（因为中医的许多观点，如阴阳和气，都是...受其启发。）可知，中医的许多思想都会直接受到中国古代哲学的启发，故选D。
短文主要讲述了作者因长期头痛尝试多种方法无效后，通过中医治疗一周内痊愈的经历。这激发了作者对中医的兴趣，并发现中医对于一些长期问题如睡眠障碍或身体疼痛有很大帮助。作者和他的妻子对此深感兴趣，并开设了一个网站来介绍中医。这些经历促使作者深入研究中国古代哲学，因为中医的许多理念都源自于此，从而开启了他学习中国文化的道路。
首先通读全文，了解文章大意，紧紧抓住上下文语境所提供的信息，然后明确词意，结合所学语法，运用排除法逐一选出答案，最后再通读全文核对答案。
（三）
（2024·山东·中考真题）There are over fifty different types of plastics.Many of them are used （1） ______ packaging（包装）.Most plastics do not break down and a lot of them are not recyclable.When they are （2） ______ ，they can pollute the air and make it very dangerous.
One of the most popular plastics used in making bottles is called PET.This can be recycled.Plastics （3） ______ PET need to be labeled so they can be collected easily for recycling.In America，PET is recycled and used to make （4） ______ things，such as flowerpots and milk crates.In Germany some bottles are made from a type of plastic which breaks down in strong （5） ______ or when buried，（6） ______ this is expensive and the bottles might break while they are being used.
Nearly all the things you buy from the supermarket are wrapped in something. （7） ______ fruit and vegetables are wrapped in plastic or in plastic bags.When we use these things，we usually （8） ______ the packaging.Packaging keeps food （9） ______ .It protects the food and also gives us information about the product.But is it all necessary？If you add up all the packaging，it comes to a lot.
Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic.You'd better （10） ______ your old plastic containers for keeping things.
31.A. at B. on C. to D. for
32.A. burnt B. heated C. bought D. used
33.A. as B. by C. like D. with
34.A. dry B. new C. heavy D. natural
35.A. wind B. smell C. storm D. sunlight
36.A. Or B. So C. But D. And
37.A. Yet B. Even C. Still D. Always
38.A. put up B. pick up C. give away D. throw away
39.A. warm B. clear C. fresh D. delicious
40.A. reuse B. return C. repair D. reduce
【答案】D、A、C、B、D、C、B、D、C、A
【解析】（ 1 ）考查介词。句意：他们很多都用来包装。A 在，B 在...上面，C朝，向。结合空缺处，可知需要用固定搭配be used for doing sth，表示"被用来做某事"，即用for。故选D。
（2）考查动词。句意：大多数塑料不会分解，而且很多塑料不可回收。当它们被烧毁时，它们会污染空气，使空气变得非常危险。A燃烧，B加热，C买，D用。结合后文they can pollute the air（它们会污染空气），可知是当塑料被燃烧时，用动词burn，结合空缺处，需要用被动语态，结构是be done，所以用burn的过去分词，即burnt。故选A。
（3）考查介词。句意：用来做瓶子的最受欢迎之一的塑料叫做PET，它可以被回收利用。像PET这样的塑料需要贴上标签，这样就可以很容易地收集起来进行回收利用。A作为，B在...旁边，C像，D和。结合空缺处，可知它和后面的PET都是修饰前面的Plastics ，需要用一个介词，表示"像"，即like。故选C。
（4）考查形容词。句意：在美国，PET 被回收并用于制造新的东西，如花盆和牛奶箱。A干的，B新的，C重的，D自然的。根据后文such as flowerpots and milk crates（如花盆和牛奶箱），可知PET回收后可以用于创造"新的"东西，即用new，故选B。
（5）考查名词。句意：在德国，有些瓶子是由一种塑料制成的，这种塑料在强烈的阳光下或者埋在地下时会分解，但是这种塑料很贵，而且在使用时瓶子可能会破裂。A风，B味道，C暴风雨，D阳光。根据后文提到when buried（当埋在地下时候），this is expensive（这种塑料很贵），可知它是在强烈的阳光下或者埋在地下时会分解，用sunlight。故选D。
（6）考查连词。句意：在德国，有些瓶子是由一种塑料制成的，这种塑料在强烈的阳光下或者埋在地下时会分解，但是这种塑料很贵，而且在使用时瓶子可能会破裂。A或者，B因此，C但是，D和。前文提到breaks down in strong sunlight or when buried（这种塑料在强烈的阳光下或者埋在地下时会分解），结合后文this is expensive and the bottles might break while they are being used.（它很贵而且在使用时瓶子可能会破裂），可知需要一个连词，表示转折，用but，故选C。
（7）考查副词。句意：几乎你从超市买的所有东西都包在某种东西里。甚至水果和蔬菜也用塑料袋或塑料袋包装。A还，B甚至，C仍然，D一直。结合空缺处及其语境，可知需要用一个副词，表示"甚至"，用even。故选B。
（8）考查动词短语。句意：当我们使用这些东西，我们通常会扔掉包装。A张贴，B接人，C捐赠，D扔掉。结合空缺处与语境，可知需要用固定的动词短语throw away ，表示"扔掉"。故选D。
（10）考查形容词。句意：包装让食物保持新鲜。A温暖的，B清晰的，C新鲜的，D美味的。结合后文It protects the food （它保护了食物），可知空缺处需要一个形容词，表示"新鲜的"，用fresh。故选C。
（10）考查动词。句意：你最好重新利用你的旧塑料容器来保存东西。A重复使用，B返还，C修理，D减少。根据前文Try not to buy things that use a lot of plastic（尽量不要去买那些要用很多塑料袋的东西），可知空缺处需要一个动词，表示"重复使用"，即用reuse。故选A。
短文主要讨论了塑料的种类、用途和环境问题。提到超过五十种不同类型的塑料，很多用于包装，而且大多数塑料不易分解且不可回收。PET是可回收的塑料之一，用于制作瓶子等。在美国，回收的PET被用来制造花盆和牛奶箱等物品。德国一些瓶子使用一种在特定条件下会分解的塑料，但成本高且使用时可能破裂。超市几乎所有商品都用塑料包装，包括水果和蔬菜。包装可以保护食物并提供产品信息，但是否都有必要值得思考。最后建议减少购买使用大量塑料的商品，并重复使用旧塑料容器。
