体裁微解之阅读理解 说明文 导学案（含答案）-2025届高三英语二轮复习

专题一 阅读理解
体裁微解--说明文
【学习目标】
一、考点归纳
1.说明文通常是通过举例子、作比较、分类别、析结果、列数字和作引用等手段，具体描述一项研究或者介绍一项新产品、新技术，让读者了解信息，说明文通常不包含作者的个人观点。
题型特点 说明文内容解读
选材 实验报告、产品介绍、场馆介绍、社会现象分析，以及语言文化、人文地理、生物的生存状况等。
内容 用平实的语言客观解说事物、解释现象、提供信息，即说明一个事物，说明一项研究。
形式 总分式(事物说明文常用“总—分”式、“总—分—总”式结构)；递进式(事理说明文由浅入深、由表及里、由现象到本质，逐层递进，剖析事理)；并列式(文章各部分内容没有主次轻重之分)；对照式(通过两个事物的对照和比较说明其异同)。
语言 阅读理解主要考查考生对词汇和句式的掌握和运用情况。说明文因其生僻词汇多，句式复杂等特点，相对于其他体裁的文章来说难度更大。
命题 主要集中在细节理解题、推理判断题、主旨大意题或词汇猜测题。出题人经常在长难句上做文章。
2.易错易混点：通常，说明文第一段：介绍或阐述的事物。每个段落首尾句：说明文的每个段落通常有主旨句、支撑细节和总结句。因此标题题应优先定位到文章主旨句，看哪个选项和主旨句同义替换。如若无明显主旨句，需要看各段第一句，再合并概括文章主旨。
二、专题知识构造
语篇模式
①“问题—（分析）—解决措施—（解释）—（呼吁、评价或拓展）”
②“引出主题—解释主题—拓展主题”
③“新研究发现—解释新研究—（进一步实验论证）—研究结论及其评价、研究启示、未来研究方向”
④研究报告(22浙江6月)： 研究结果---研究方法---结论阐述----专家评议
⑤社会现象(22全国乙) ：提出现象----产生原因-----造成影响------人们看法----警告措施
⑥新品介绍 (21年新高考II卷)：提出现象-----产品功能------设计原理-----产品优缺点-----市场发展前景
⑦新做法新理论：提出新做法新理论------产生原因-----运行原理-----优缺点------评议前景
三、考点注释
1.命题方式：说明文阅读量大，生僻词汇多，句式结构复杂，题目往往涉及推理判断题和主旨大意题。因此，阅读这类文章时，应把握文章结构，弄清作者所要说明的事物；另外，考生在平时的学习中应多积累阅读词汇，提高分析长难句的能力。具体答题策略如下：
2.解题技巧 ------- 说明文的解题步骤
Step 1：寻找高频词，了解文章大意 Step 2：关注主题句，理清篇章结构
Step 3：仔细阅读题干，精准定位信息 Step 4：甄别选项，有效运用技巧
四、典例探究
典例1 　【2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D】
　（2024·新课标Ⅰ卷）In the race to document the species on Earth before they go extinct， researchers and citizen scientists have collected billions of records.Today， most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos， videos， and other digital records.Though they are useful for detecting shifts in the number and variety of species in an area， a new Stanford study has found that this type of record is not perfect.
　　“With the rise of technology it is easy for people to make observations of different species with the aid of a mobile application，” said Barnabas Daru， who is lead author of the study and assistant professor of biology in the Stanford School of Humanities and Sciences.“These observations now outnumber the primary data that comes from physical specimens （标本）， and since we are increasingly using observational data to investigate how species are responding to global change， I wanted to know： Are they usable？”
　　Using a global dataset of 1.9 billion records of plants， insects， birds， and animals， Daru and his team tested how well these data represent actual global biodiversity patterns.
　　“We were particularly interested in exploring the aspects of sampling that tend to bias （使有偏差） data， like the greater likelihood of a citizen scientist to take a picture of a flowering plant instead of the grass right next to it，” said Daru.
　　Their study revealed that the large number of observation-only records did not lead to better global coverage.Moreover， these data are biased and favor certain regions， time periods， and species.This makes sense because the people who get observational biodiversity data on mobile devices are often citizen scientists recording their encounters with species in areas nearby.These data are also biased toward certain species with attractive or eye-catching features.
　　What can we do with the imperfect datasets of biodiversity？
　　“Quite a lot，” Daru explained.“Biodiversity apps can use our study results to inform users of oversampled areas and lead them to places — and even species — that are not well-sampled.To improve the quality of observational data， biodiversity apps can also encourage users to have an expert confirm the identification of their uploaded image.”
1．What do we know about the records of species collected now
A.They are becoming outdated. B.They are mostly in electronic form.
C.They are limited in number. D.They are used for public exhibition.
2．What does Daru's study focus on
A.Threatened species. B.Physical specimens.
C.Observational data. D.Mobile applications.
3．What has led to the biases according to the study
A.Mistakes in data analysis. B.Poor quality of uploaded pictures.
C.Improper way of sampling. D.Unreliable data collection devices.
4．What is Daru's suggestion for biodiversity apps
A.Review data from certain areas. B.Hire experts to check the records.
C.Confirm the identity of the users. D.Give guidance to citizen scientists.
技巧小结：研究发现类说明文结构
引出最新研究发现:介绍背景、引出成果或用强转折词 however、 but引出最新成果 →主旨题
说明研究发现:实验研究的目的、原理、方法、过程[列数据、作比较、例证 (举例的内容通常被修改设置为干扰项)、引用专家的话]、应用、意义→细节题、推理题
尾段总结或评述:存在的问题、专家评述、未来前景等→观点态度题
出题顺序与行文一致,不用读懂每句话
4类标志解研究发现类说明文
典例2
（2024·1月浙江卷）On September 7， 1991， the costliest hailstorm （雹暴） in Canadian history hit Calgary’s southern suburbs.As a result， since 1996 a group of insurance companies have spent about $2 million per year on the Alberta Hail Suppression Project.Airplanes seed threatening storm cells with a chemical to make small ice crystals fall as rain before they can grow into dangerous hailstones.But farmers in east-central Alberta — downwind of the hail project flights — worry that precious moisture （水分） is being stolen from their thirsty land by the cloud seeding.
　　Norman Stienwand， who farms in that area， has been addressing public meetings on this issue for years.“Basically， the provincial government is letting the insurance companies protect the Calgary-Edmonton urban area from hail，” Mr.Stienwand says， “but they’re increasing drought risk as far east as Saskatchewan.”
　　The Alberta hail project is managed by Terry Krauss， a cloud physicist who works for Weather Modification Inc.of Fargo， North Dakota.“We affect only a very small percentage of the total moisture in the air， so we cannot be causing drought，” Dr.Krauss says.“In fact， we may be helping increase the moisture downwind by creating wetter ground.”
　　One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell， a research scientist who just retired from the University of Oklahoma.“In 1999， I personally saw significant tornadoes （龙卷风） form from a seeded storm cell in Kansas，” Dr.Doswell says.“Does cloud seeding create killer storms or reduce moisture downwind？ No one really knows， of course， but the seeding goes on.”
　　Given the degree of doubt， Mr.Stienwand suggests， “it would be wise to stop cloud seeding.” In　practice， doubt has had the opposite effect.Due to the lack of scientific proof concerning their impacts， no one has succeeded in winning a lawsuit against cloud-seeding companies.Hence， private climate engineering can proceed in relative legal safety.
5.What does the project aim to do？（　　）
A.Conserve moisture in the soil. B.Prevent the formation of hailstones.
C.Forecast disastrous hailstorms. D.Investigate chemical use in farming.
6.Who are opposed to the project？（　　）
A.Farmers in east-central Alberta. B.Managers of insurance companies.
C.Provincial government officials. D.Residents of Calgary and Edmonton.
7.Why does Dr.Doswell mention the tornadoes he saw in 1999？（　　）
A.To compare different kinds of seeding methods.
B.To illustrate the development of big hailstorms.
C.To indicate a possible danger of cloud seeding.
D.To show the link between storms and moisture.
8.What can we infer from the last paragraph？（　　）
A.Scientific studies have proved Stienwand right.
B.Private climate engineering is illegal in Canada.
C.The doubt about cloud seeding has disappeared.
D.Cloud-seeding companies will continue to exist.
四、训练检测
（2023·新课标Ⅰ卷）On March 7， 1907， the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases， the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors， those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate， and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together， they cancel each other out， resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors， then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If， for whatever reasons， people’s errors become correlated or dependent， the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist （转折） on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion， the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance， the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students， the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates？ Did they follow those least willing to change their minds？ This happened some of the time， but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently， the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together.” Somehow， these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error.
Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain， the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
1.What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about？
A.The methods of estimation. B.The underlying logic of the effect.
C.The causes of people’s errors. D.The design of Galton’s experiment.
2.Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if 　　　　.
A.the crowds were relatively small B.there were occasional underestimates
C.individuals did not communicate D.estimates were not fully independent
3.What did the follow-up study focus on？
A.The size of the groups. B.The dominant members.
C.The discussion process. D.The individual estimates.
4.What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies？
A.Unclear. B.Dismissive. C.Doubtful. D.Approving.
（2024·全国甲卷）“I didn’t like the ending，” I said to my favorite college professor.It was my junior year of undergraduate， and I was doing an independent study on Victorian literature.I had just finished reading The Mill on the Floss by George Eliot， and I was heartbroken with the ending.Prof.Gracie， with all his patience， asked me to think about it beyond whether I liked it or not.He suggested I think about the difference between endings that I wanted for the characters and endings that were right for the characters， endings that satisfied the story even if they didn’t have a traditionally positive outcome.Of course， I would have preferred a different ending for Tom and Maggie Tulliver， but the ending they got did make the most sense for them.
　　This was an aha moment for me， and I never thought about endings the same way again.From then on， if I wanted to read an ending guaranteed to be happy， I’d pick up a love romance.If I wanted an ending I couldn’t guess， I’d pick up a mystery （悬疑小说）.One where I kind of knew what was going to happen， historical fiction.Choosing what to read became easier.
　　But writing the end — that’s hard.It’s hard for writers because endings carry so much weight with readers.You have to balance creating an ending that’s unpredictable， but doesn’t seem to come from nowhere， one that fits what’s right for the characters.
　　That’s why this issue （期） of Writer’s Digest aims to help you figure out how to write the best ending for whatever kind of writing you’re doing.If it’s short stories， Peter Mountford breaks down six techniques you can try to see which one helps you stick the landing.Elizabeth Sims analyzes the final chapters of five great novels to see what key points they include and how you can adapt them for your work.
　　This issue won’t tell you what your ending should be — that’s up to you and the story you’re telling — but it might provide what you need to get there.
5.Why did the author go to Prof.Gracie？（　　）
A.To discuss a novel. B.To submit a book report.
C.To argue for a writer. D.To ask for a reading list.
6.What did the author realize after seeing Prof.Gracie？（　　）
A.Writing is a matter of personal preferences. B.Readers are often carried away by characters.
C.Each type of literature has its unique ending. D.A story which begins well will end well.
7.What is expected of a good ending？（　　）
A.It satisfies readers’ taste. B.It fits with the story development.
C.It is usually positive. D.It is open for imagination.
8.Why does the author mention Peter Mountford and Elizabeth Sims？（　　）
A.To give examples of great novelists. B.To stress the theme of this issue.
C.To encourage writing for the magazine. D.To recommend their new books.
（2024·全国甲卷）Animals can express their needs using a lot of ways.For instance， almost all animals have distinct vocals （声音） that they rely on to either ask for help， scare away any dangerous animals or look for shelter.But cats are special creatures who possess amazing vocalization skills.They are able to have entire conversations with humans using meows and you’re able to interpret it.If a pet cat is hungry， it will keep meowing to attract attention and find food.However， when a cat is looking for affection， they tend to produce stretched and soft meows.Meowing starts as soon as a baby cat is brought to life and uses it to get the mother’s attention and be fed.
　　Cats have many heightened senses， but their sense of smell is quite impressive.They use their noses to assess their environment and look out for any signs of danger.They will sniff out specific areas before they choose a place to relax.However， another way the cats are able to distinguish between situations is by looking for familiar smells.Your cat will likely smell your face and store the smell in its memory and use it to recognize you in the future.That’s why most pet cats are able to tell immediately if their owners were around any other cats， which they don’t usually like.
　　Dogs are known for their impressive fetching habit， but cats take this behavior up a notch.Many cats will find random objects outside and bring them to their owners.This is a very old habit that’s been present in all kinds of predators （食肉动物）.Cats bring gifts for their owners to show they love you.These adorable little hunters are just doing something that it’s been in their nature since the beginning of time.So just go along with it！
9.What can be learned about cats’ meowing from the first paragraph？（　　）
A.It’s a survival skill. B.It’s taught by mother cats.
C.It’s hard to interpret. D.It’s getting louder with age.
10.How does a pet cat assess different situations？（　　）
A.By listening for sounds. B.By touching familiar objects.
C.By checking on smells. D.By communicating with other cats.
11.Which best explains the phrase “take ...up a notch” in paragraph 3？（　　）
A.Perform appropriately.　　 B.Move faster.
C.Act strangely. D.Do better.
12.What is a suitable title for the text？（　　）
A.Tips on Finding a Smart Cat B.Understanding Your Cat’s Behavior
C.Have Fun with Your Cat D.How to Keep Your Cat Healthy
【预习要求】
通过预习明确说明文特点。2. 通过预习掌握说明文解题策越。
体裁微解--说明文学案答案
典例1
参考译文
为了在地球上的物种灭绝之前记录它们，研究人员和公民科学家已经收集了数十亿条记录。今天，大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式出现。尽管它们在探测一个地区物种数量和种类的变化方面很有用，但斯坦福大学的一项新研究发现，这种记录并不完美。
该研究的主要作者、斯坦福大学人文与科学学院生物学助理教授巴纳巴斯·达鲁说：“随着科技的兴起，人们借助移动应用程序很容易观察到不同的物种。”“这些观察结果现在超过了来自物理标本的原始数据，而且由于我们越来越多地使用观察数据来研究物种如何应对全球变化，我想知道：它们有用吗？”
Daru和他的团队使用了一个包含19亿条植物、昆虫、鸟类和动物记录的全球数据集，测试了这些数据在多大程度上代表了实际的全球生物多样性模式。
达鲁说：“我们特别感兴趣的是探索采样中容易产生数据偏差的方面，比如公民科学家更有可能拍摄开花植物的照片，而不是它旁边的草。”
他们的研究表明，大量的观测记录并没有带来更好的全球覆盖。此外，这些数据是有偏见的，倾向于某些地区、时间段和物种。这是有道理的，因为在移动设备上获得观察生物多样性数据的人通常是公民科学家，他们记录了他们在附近地区与物种的接触。这些数据也偏向于某些具有吸引人或引人注目特征的物种。
对于不完善的生物多样性数据集，我们能做些什么？
“很多，”大如解释说。“生物多样性应用程序可以使用我们的研究结果来告知用户样本过多的地区，并将他们引导到样本不足的地方，甚至是物种。为了提高观测数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序还可以鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图像的身份。”
【2024·新高考全国卷Ⅰ阅读D】 本文的结构：
1～4.BCCD
第32题是细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Today, most records of biodiversity are often in the form of photos, videos, and other digital records.”可知，现在大多数生物多样性的记录通常以照片、视频和其他数字记录的形式存在。
[技巧点拨1]　同义替换表达：文中的digital“数字的”和选项中的electronic“电子的”是同一范畴词；文中的in the form of和选项中的in...form是同义短语。
第33题是细节理解题。根据第二段中的“we are increasingly using observational data...Are they usable？”和第三段内容可知，达鲁研究聚焦的是观察数据。
[技巧点拨2]　关注中心词：第二、三段的中心词就是observational data。
第34题是推理判断题。根据第四段中的“We were particularly interested...instead of the grass right next to it” 和第五段内容可推知，不当的采样方式会导致收集到的数据产生偏差。
[技巧点拨3]　关注信号词particularly interested in、tend to、instead of；分析段际关系：注意第四段和第五段之间的联系。
第35题是细节理解题。根据最后一段中的“Biodiversity apps can use...their uploaded image.”可知，为了改善观察数据的质量，生物多样性应用程序鼓励用户让专家确认他们上传的图片；根据第五段中的“the people who get...citizen scientists”可知，这里的用户指代的是公民科学家。
[技巧点拨4]　关注信号词：第五、七段的信号词就是citizen scientists和expert、confirm。
典例2
（2024·1月浙江卷）
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了加拿大艾伯塔地区的防雹干预计划，以及不同相关方对该计划的不同态度。
5.解析：B　细节理解题。根据第一段第三句可知，飞机通过向有威胁性的风暴云播撒一种化学物质，使得小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前先变成雨落下，即这一计划旨在防止冰雹的形成。
6. 解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知，Alberta中东部的农民担心播云会带走他们干旱土地中的宝贵水分，即艾伯塔省中东部的农民是反对这一计划的。
7.解析：C　目的意图题。根据第四段第一句中的One doubter about the safety of cloud seeding is Chuck Doswell可知，Doswell博士对播云的安全性持怀疑态度。接着他提到1999年目睹的由一个已经被播撒了化学物质的风暴单体形成的巨大龙卷风。随后他又提出疑问：怀疑播云会产生致命的风暴或减少下风处的水分。由此推断，Doswell博士提到1999年的龙卷风是为了表明播云可能存在的风险。
8.解析：D　推理判断题。根据文章末句可知，私营的气候工程公司可以在相对合法的安全环境中继续进行下去，也就是这些公司会继续存在下去。
译文：cloud seeding：人工增雨 1991年9月7日，加拿大历史上损失最大的冰雹袭击了卡尔加里的南郊。因此，自1996年以来，一组保险公司每年在艾伯塔省冰雹抑制项目上花费约200万美元。飞机在有威胁的风暴细胞中播撒一种化学物质，使小冰晶在变成危险的冰雹之前像雨一样落下。但是阿尔伯塔省中东部的农民——冰雹项目飞行的顺风——担心宝贵的水分正在被云播从他们干旱的土地上偷走。
Norman Stienwand是该地区的农场主，多年来一直在公开会议上就这个问题发表演讲。“基本上，省政府让保险公司保护卡尔加里-埃德蒙顿市区免受冰雹的影响，”斯蒂恩万德说，“但他们却增加了远至萨斯喀彻温省东部地区的干旱风险。”
艾伯塔省冰雹项目由特里·克劳斯（Terry Krauss）管理，他是北达科他州法戈市人工影响天气公司（Weather Modification inc .）的云物理学家。克劳斯博士说：“我们只影响了空气中水分总量的很小一部分，所以我们不可能造成干旱。”“事实上，我们可能会通过创造更湿润的地面来帮助增加下风的湿度。”
查克·多斯韦尔（Chuck Doswell）是一位刚刚从俄克拉何马大学退休的研究科学家，他对人工降雨的安全性持怀疑态度。“1999年，我亲眼看到堪萨斯州的一个种子风暴细胞形成了巨大的龙卷风，”多斯韦尔博士说。“人工降雨会制造致命风暴还是减少顺风处的水分？”当然，没有人真正知道，但是人工增雨还在继续。”
考虑到质疑的程度，斯汀万德建议，“停止人工降雨将是明智的。”在实践中，怀疑产生了相反的效果。由于缺乏有关其影响的科学证据，没有人成功地赢得了对人工降雨公司的诉讼。因此，私人气候工程可以在相对合法的安全条件下进行。
三：训练检测
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。作者介绍了针对“群体智慧”效应的各项研究，指出群体讨论的结果比个人思考的结果更准确。
1.解析：B　段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知，本段解释了“群体智慧”效应的基本逻辑。
2.解析：D　推理判断题。根据第二段中的In more technical terms， the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent.和第三段中的when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion ...independent individuals可知，Navajas的研究发现，即使团队成员的估计不是完全独立的，估计的平均准确度也可以提高。
3.解析：C　细节理解题。根据第四段内容可知，后续研究主要关注小组成员在讨论中的行为。研究人员发现，大多数情况下，小组成员表示他们“分享观点并共同推理”。因此，后续研究的重点是小组讨论的过程。
4.解析：D　观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可知，尽管Navajas的研究有局限性，但是对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。由此判断，作者对Navajas的研究持赞同的态度。
译文：1907年3月7日，英国统计学家弗朗西斯·高尔顿（Francis Galton）发表了一篇论文，阐述了后来被称为“群体智慧”的效应。他进行的估计实验表明，在某些情况下，大量独立估计的平均值可能相当准确。
这种效应利用了这样一个事实：当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人倾向于高估，有些人倾向于低估。当足够多的这些误差被平均在一起时，它们就会相互抵消，从而得到更准确的估计。如果人们是相似的，并且倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误就不会相互抵消。用更专业的术语来说，群体智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。无论出于何种原因，如果人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降。
但是，由华金·纳瓦加斯领导的一项新研究为这一经典现象提供了一个有趣的转折。这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步分成更小的群体并允许进行讨论时，这些群体的平均值比同样数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从4个5人的讨论小组中得到的平均值比从20个独立个体中得到的平均值要准确得多。
在对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。他们是否倾向于相信那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人了吗？这种情况有时会发生，但不是主要的反应。最常见的是，这些小组报告说他们“分享论点，一起推理”。不知何故，这些论证和推理导致了错误的全面减少。
虽然纳瓦哈人领导的研究有局限性，还有许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。
（2024·全国甲卷）
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章围绕文学作品结尾的创作展开，指出不同类型的文学作品的结尾有不同的特点，好的结尾要符合故事发展等。
5.解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段首句、第三句和第四句可知，作者刚读完《弗洛斯河上的磨坊》，她告诉教授自己不喜欢这部小说的结尾，而教授让作者抛开个人喜好，好好思考一下这部小说，即作者去找Gracie教授是为了讨论一部小说。
6.解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，从那时起，如果作者想读到幸福的结局，她就会选一部爱情小说。如果想要一个猜不到的结局，她会选择悬疑小说。如果想要大概猜到故事的发展，她会选择历史小说。由此推断，每一种文学类型都有其独特的结尾。
7.解析：B　推理判断题。根据第三段最后一句可知，结局不能是凭空而来的，它需要适合角色。由此推断，好的结尾要符合故事的发展。
8.解析：B　目的意图题。倒数第二段首句提到这就是为什么本期《作者文摘》旨在帮助你弄清楚如何为你正在写的任何一种文本写出最好的结局。接着作者以Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims为例说明本期《作者文摘》具体会介绍哪些技巧。由此可知，作者提及Peter Mountford和Elizabeth Sims是为了强调本期杂志的主题。
（2024·全国甲卷)
语篇解读：本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了猫的习性。它们的叫声特别，能与人类交流，嗅觉敏锐，能识别主人，许多猫将在外面找到的物品带给主人来表达爱意。
9.解析：A　细节理解题。根据第一段第四句至段尾可知，猫用喵喵叫和人对话。如果一只宠物猫饿了，它会不停地喵喵叫以吸引注意力并找到食物。喵喵叫从小猫一出生就开始了，小猫用它来吸引猫妈妈的注意并被喂食，即喵喵叫是猫的生存技能。
10.解析：C　推理判断题。根据第二段第二至四句可知，猫用鼻子评估环境并留心任何危险迹象。它们能够区分不同环境的另一种方法是寻找熟悉的气味。由此推断，猫通过检查气味来评估不同的环境。
11.解析：D　词义猜测题。画线短语前提到狗以其令人印象深刻的取物习惯而闻名，下文介绍了猫的行为，它们会将在外面找到的物品带到主人身边以表达它们的爱意。因此画线短语所在部分表明猫将这种行为提升了一个档次，它们在取物方面做得更好。
12.解析：B　标题归纳题。第一段介绍了猫惊人的发声技能；第二段介绍了猫的嗅觉灵敏，能够区分不同的环境；第三段介绍了猫令人印象深刻的取物习惯，这些都属于对猫的行为的介绍。因此，B项（理解你的猫的行为）概括了文章内容，适合作文章标题。