Unit 1 What's the matter 知识点总结与练习（含答案） 人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 1 What's the matter 知识点总结与练习 人教版英语八年级下册
一、重点词汇
（一）基础词汇
matter n. 问题；事情
sore adj. 疼痛的；酸痛的
back n. 背部；腰背
throat n. 咽喉；喉咙
fever n. 发烧
lie v. 躺；平躺（过去式 lay，过去分词 lain）
rest v. & n. 放松；休息
cough v. & n. 咳嗽
X - ray n. X 光；X 射线
toothache n. 牙痛
headache n. 头痛
stomachache n. 胃痛；腹痛
foot n. 脚；足（复数形式 feet）
neck n. 颈；脖子
stomach n. 胃；腹部
mean v. 意思是；打算；意欲（过去式 / 过去分词 meant）
passenger n. 乘客；旅客
onto prep. 向；朝
trouble n. 问题；苦恼
hit v. （用手或器具）击；打（过去式 / 过去分词 hit）
herself pron. 她自己（反身代词）
knee n. 膝盖；膝
nosebleed n. 鼻出血
breathe v. 呼吸
sunburned adj. 晒伤的
ourselves pron. 我们自己（反身代词）
climber n. 登山者；攀登者
be used to 习惯于……；适应于……
risk n. & v. 危险；风险；冒险
accident n. （交通）事故；意外遭遇
situation n. 情况；状况
kilo n. 千克；公斤
rock n. 岩石
knife n. 刀（复数形式 knives）
cut v. 割；切（过去式 / 过去分词 cut）
blood n. 血
importance n. 重要性；重要
decision n. 决定；抉择
control n. & v. 限制；约束；管理
spirit n. 勇气；意志
death n. 死；死亡
nurse n. 护士
（二）拓展词汇
tooth n. 牙齿（复数形式 teeth），tooth 的形容词形式为 toothless（无牙的）
break v. （使）破；裂；碎；损坏（过去式 broke，过去分词 broken），名词形式为 break（休息；间歇）
sick adj. 生病的；有病的，同义词 ill，但 ill 一般作表语，sick 可作定语和表语
passenger 的动词形式为 pass（通过；经过；传递）
与 health 相关词汇：health n. 健康；healthy adj. 健康的；unhealthy adj. 不健康的；healthily adv. 健康地
二、词性转换
mean（动词） - meaning（名词，意思；含义）
important（形容词） - importance（名词，重要性）
decide（动词） - decision（名词，决定）
die（动词，死亡） - death（名词，死亡） - dead（形容词，死的） - dying（现在分词，垂死的）
we（主格） - us（宾格） - our（形容词性物主代词） - ours（名词性物主代词） - ourselves（反身代词）
she（主格） - her（宾格 / 形容词性物主代词） - hers（名词性物主代词） - herself（反身代词）
三、词义辨析
（一）hurt /pain/ache
hurt 可作及物动词和不及物动词，意为 “（使）疼痛；受伤；伤害”，主语可以是人也可以是物。例如：I hurt my leg yesterday.（我昨天伤到了我的腿。）；My stomach hurts.（我胃疼。）
pain 通常作名词，意为 “疼痛；痛苦”，可指身体上的疼痛，也可指精神上的痛苦。例如：I have a pain in my head.（我头疼。）；The death of his pet dog gave him a lot of pain.（他宠物狗的死让他很痛苦。）
ache 通常作后缀构成复合词，如 toothache（牙痛），stomachache（胃痛）等，指身体某部位持续的隐痛 。例如：I have a toothache and I need to see a dentist.（我牙痛，需要看牙医。）
（二）used to do sth. /be used to doing sth. /be used to do sth.
used to do sth. 表示 “过去常常做某事（现在不做了）”。例如：I used to go to school by bike, but now I take the bus.（我过去常常骑自行车上学，但现在我坐公交车。）
be used to doing sth. 表示 “习惯于做某事”，其中 to 是介词，后接动词 - ing 形式。例如：My father is used to getting up early.（我父亲习惯早起。）
be used to do sth. 表示 “被用来做某事”，是被动语态结构。例如：Wood is used to make paper.（木材被用来造纸。）
四、重点句型
What's the matter = What's wrong = What's the trouble （怎么了？）
I have a headache.（我头痛。）
She has a stomachache. She should lie down and rest.（她胃痛。她应该躺下休息。）
Do you have a fever （你发烧吗？）
Lie down and rest.（躺下休息。）
Drink some hot tea with honey.（喝一些加蜂蜜的热茶。）
That doesn't sound too bad.（听起来不太严重。）
What should she do （她该怎么办呢？）
She should take her temperature.（她应该量一下体温。）
Should I put some medicine on it （我应该在上面敷些药吗？）
The driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.（司机看见一位老人躺在路边。）
A woman was shouting for help.（一位女士正在呼救。）
He got off and asked the woman what happened.（他下车问那个女士发生了什么事。）
But to his surprise, they all agreed to go with him.（但令他惊讶的是，他们都同意和他一起去。）
Thanks to Mr. Wang and the passengers, the man was saved by the doctors in time.（多亏了王先生和乘客们，那个人被医生及时救了。）
You need to take breaks away from the computer.（你需要离开电脑休息一下。）
I think you should lie down and rest. If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow, then go to a doctor.（我认为你应该躺下休息。如果你的头和脖子明天还疼，那就去看医生。）
Aron loves mountain climbing and doesn't mind taking risks.（阿伦热爱登山，并且不介意冒险。）
There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.（有很多次阿伦因为意外几乎失去生命。）
On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.（2003 年 4 月 26 日，他在犹他州登山时发现自己处于非常危险的境地。）
In this book, Aron tells of the importance of making good decisions, and of being in control of one's life.（在这本书中，阿伦讲述了做出正确决定以及掌控自己生活的重要性。）
五、语法聚焦：情态动词 should 的用法
should 的基本用法：should 为情态动词，没有人称和数的变化，后接动词原形，表示 “应该；应当” ，常用于提出建议、劝告、义务或责任等。例如：You should study hard.（你应该努力学习。）
should 的否定形式：should not，缩写为 shouldn't，表示 “不应该”。例如：You shouldn't eat too much junk food.（你不应该吃太多垃圾食品。）
should 的一般疑问句：将 should 提到主语之前。其肯定回答用 “Yes, 主语 + should.”，否定回答用 “No, 主语 + shouldn't.”。例如：
—Should I go to the party （我应该去参加派对吗？）
—Yes, you should. / No, you shouldn't.（是的，你应该去。/ 不，你不应该去。）
六、练习题
（一）词汇填空
I have a t______ and I can't speak loudly.
She has a f______ and she needs to see a doctor.
The old man fell down and h______ his leg.
We should take a b______ after studying for a long time.
The climber lost his life because of the terrible a______.
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
You should ______ (drink) more water.
She has a headache and she ______ (need) to lie down and rest.
The driver expected the passengers ______ (help) him move the old man onto the bus.
Aron used a knife ______ (cut) off half his right arm.
We enjoyed ______ (we) at the party last night.
（三）单项选择
—What's ______ matter with you
—I have ______ toothache.
A. a; the B. the; / C. /; a D. the; a
You ______ eat too much junk food. It's bad for your health.
A. should B. shouldn't C. need D. needn't
He saw an old man ______ on the ground and he helped him stand up.
A. lie B. lying C. to lie D. lies
The doctor asked me ______ more fruit and vegetables.
A. eat B. eating C. to eat D. ate
We should learn from Aron's ______ of never giving up.
A. spirit B. decision C. importance D. situation
（四）句型转换
I have a headache.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ with you
She should take some medicine.（改为一般疑问句）
______ she ______ any medicine
The man was saved by the doctors in time.（对划线部分提问）
______ ______ the man saved by in time
He hurt his leg.（改为否定句）
He ______ ______ his leg.
They got up early so that they could catch the early bus.（改为同义句）
They got up early ______ ______ to catch the early bus.
（五）阅读理解
Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing. As a mountain climber, Aron is used to taking risks. This is one of the exciting things about doing dangerous sports. There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents. On April 26, 2003, he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
On that day, Aron's arm was caught under a 360 - kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains. Because he could not free his arm, he stayed there for five days and hoped that someone would find him. But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life. He was not ready to die that day. So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm. Then, with his left arm, he bandaged himself so that he would not lose too much blood. After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help.
What is Aron interested in
A. Swimming. B. Mountain climbing. C. Running. D. Cycling.
What happened to Aron on April 26, 2003
A. He lost his way.
B. He broke his leg.
C. His arm was caught under a rock.
D. He fell off the mountain.
Why did Aron cut off half his right arm
A. Because he wanted to save his life.
B. Because he wanted to be famous.
C. Because he liked to do that.
D. Because he wanted to help others.
What did Aron do after cutting off his arm
A. He fell asleep.
B. He climbed down the mountain to find help.
C. He waited for someone to help him.
D. He called his friends for help.
（六）书面表达
假如你叫李华，你的好朋友 Tom 最近身体不舒服。请你给他写一封电子邮件，给他一些保持健康的建议。
要点提示：
每天做运动；
多吃蔬菜和水果；
早睡早起，保证充足的睡眠；
保持愉快的心情。
要求：
包含所有要点内容，可适当发挥；
语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯；
词数：60 - 80 词。
答案及解析
（一）词汇填空
throat 解析：根据 “不能大声说话” 可知是喉咙有问题，故填 throat。
fever 解析：“have a fever” 表示 “发烧”，根据 “需要看医生” 可知是发烧了，所以填 fever。
hurt 解析：“fall down”（摔倒），结合首字母 h，可知是伤到了腿，hurt 的过去式还是 hurt，故填 hurt。
break 解析：“take a break” 表示 “休息一下”，长时间学习后应该休息，所以填 break。
accident 解析：根据 “登山者失去了生命” 以及 “terrible”，可知是因为严重的事故，故填 accident。
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
drink 解析：should 是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以填 drink。
needs 解析：主语 she 是第三人称单数，一般现在时中，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，need 的第三人称单数是 needs，故填 needs。
to help 解析：“expect sb. to do sth.” 表示 “期望某人做某事”，所以填 to help。
to cut 解析：“use sth. to do sth.” 表示 “用某物做某事”，所以填 to cut。
ourselves 解析：“enjoy oneself” 表示 “玩得开心”，主语是 we，反身代词用 ourselves，故填 ourselves。
（三）单项选择
D 解析：“What's the matter with sb.” 表示 “某人怎么了”，固定句型；“have a toothache” 表示 “牙痛”，固定短语，所以选 D。
B 解析：根据 “对健康有害” 可知是不应该吃太多垃圾食品，shouldn't 表示 “不应该”，所以选 B。
B 解析：“see sb. doing sth.” 表示 “看见某人正在做某事”，强调动作正在进行，这里指看见老人正躺在地上，所以选 B。
C 解析：“ask sb. to do sth.” 表示 “要求某人做某事”，所以选 C。
A 解析：根据 “never giving up”（永不放弃）可知是学习阿伦的精神，spirit 表示 “精神；意志”，所以选 A。
（四）句型转换
What's wrong 解析：对 “have a headache” 提问，用 “What's wrong with you”，表示 “你怎么了”。
Should; take 解析：含有 should 的句子改为一般疑问句，把 should 提到句首，some 在疑问句中改为 any，所以是 Should she take any medicine。
Who was 解析：对 “the doctors” 提问，用 who，原句是一般过去时的被动语态，所以是 Who was the man saved by in time。
didn't hurt 解析：原句是一般过去时，改为否定句时，借助助动词 didn't，后面动词用原形 hurt。
in order 解析：“so that”（以便；为了）引导目的状语从句，可转换为 “in order to”（为了），后接动词原形，所以填 in order。
（五）阅读理解
B 解析：根据 “Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.” 可知，阿伦对登山感兴趣，所以选 B。
C 解析：根据 “On that day, Aron's arm was caught under a 360 - kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself in the mountains.” 可知，2003 年 4 月 26 日，阿伦的手臂被一块岩石压住了，所以选 C。
A 解析：根据 “he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life...So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.” 可知，阿伦砍掉自己的右臂是为了自救，所以选 A。
B 解析：根据 “After that, he climbed down the mountain to find help.” 可知，阿伦砍掉手臂后，下山寻求帮助，所以选 B。
（六）书面表达（参考范文）
Dear Tom,
I'm sorry to hear that you are not feeling well. Here are some suggestions to help you keep healthy. First, do sports every day. It can make you stronger and healthier. Second, eat more vegetables and fruits. They are full of vitamins which are good for your body. Third, go to bed early and get up early to ensure enough sleep. Last but not least, try to keep a happy mood.
I hope you will get well soon.
Best regards,
Li Hua