Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？知识点总结与练习（含答案解析） 人教版英语八年级下册

Unit 3 Could you please clean your room？知识点总结与练习
人教版英语八年级下册
一、重点词汇
（一）基础词汇
rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物
fold v. 折叠；对折
sweep v. 扫；打扫（过去式 swept，过去分词 swept）
floor n. 地板
mess n. 杂乱；不整洁
throw v. 扔；掷（过去式 threw，过去分词 thrown）
neither adv. & pron. 两者都不；也不
shirt n. 衬衫
pass v. 给；递；走过；通过
borrow v. 借；借用
lend v. 借给；借出
finger n. 手指
hate v. 厌恶；讨厌
chore n. 杂务；乏味无聊的工作
while conj. 当…… 的时候；然而
snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐
stress n. 精神压力；心理负担
waste n. 浪费；垃圾 v. 浪费；滥用
provide v. 提供；供应
anyway adv. 而且；加之；无论如何
depend v. 依靠；信赖
develop v. 发展；壮大
independence n. 独立
fairness n. 公正性；合理性
since conj. 从…… 以后；自…… 以来 prep. & adv. 从…… 以后；自…… 起
neighbor n. 邻居
ill adj. 有病；不舒服
drop v. 落下；掉下
（二）拓展词汇
independent adj. 独立的，其名词形式为 independence（独立）。
fair adj. 公平的；合理的，反义词为 unfair（不公平的；不合理的）。
二、短语归纳
take out the rubbish 倒垃圾
all the time 频繁；反复
as soon as 一…… 就……
in order to 目的是；为了
depend on 依靠；信赖
take care of 照顾；处理
三、词义辨析
（一）borrow /lend/keep
borrow 意为 “借；借用”，指从别人那里借入东西，常用结构为 “borrow sth. from sb.”，表示 “从某人那里借某物” 。例如：She always borrows pens from me.（她总是向我借钢笔。）
lend 意为 “借给；借出”，指把自己的东西借给别人，常用结构为 “lend sth. to sb.” 或 “lend sb. sth.”，表示 “把某物借给某人”。例如：I don't like to lend my TV set to Tom.（我不喜欢把我的电视机借给汤姆。）
keep 意为 “保存；借用（一段时间）”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，强调借的状态的持续 。例如：Tom, can I keep the book a little longer （汤姆，这本书我能多借一段时间吗？）
（二）while /when
while 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词必须是延续性动词，强调主句和从句的动作同时发生，从句常用进行时态。例如：While I was doing my homework last night, my parents were watching TV.（昨晚我在做作业的时候，我的父母在看电视。）；While children have fun, parents can take dance lessons on the beach.（孩子们玩耍的时候，父母们可以在海滩上参加舞蹈课。）
when 引导的时间状语从句中，谓语动词既可以是延续性动词，也可以是非延续性动词，从句动作可以和主句动作同时发生，也可以先后发生。例如：When I got home, my mother was cooking.（我到家时，妈妈正在做饭。）；When he comes, I will tell him the news.（他来的时候，我会告诉他这个消息。）
（三）neither /both/either
neither 表示 “两者都不”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；常构成 “neither...nor...” 结构，意为 “既不…… 也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”。例如：Neither car is exactly what she wants.（两辆汽车都不完全是她想要的。）；Neither he nor I am good at swimming.（他和我都不擅长游泳。）
both 表示 “两者都”，作主语时，谓语动词用复数形式；常构成 “both...and...” 结构，意为 “…… 和…… 都” 。例如：Both Tom and Jerry like reading.（汤姆和杰瑞都喜欢阅读。）
either 表示 “两者中的任何一个”，作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式；常构成 “either...or...” 结构，意为 “要么…… 要么……；或者…… 或者……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”。例如：Either you or he has to clean the classroom.（要么你要么他必须打扫教室。）
四、重点句型
Peter, could you please take out the rubbish 彼得，你能倒一下垃圾吗？
I do not understand why some parents make their kids help with housework and chores at home. 我不明白为什么有些父母让他们的孩子在家帮忙做家务。
For one week, she did not do any housework and neither did I. 整整一周，她没做任何家务，我也没做。
The minute I sat down in front of the TV, my mom came over. 我刚在电视机前坐下，妈妈就过来了。
I'll finish my homework while you help me with the dishes. 你帮我洗碗的时候，我会完成我的作业。
五、语法聚焦：情态动词 could 的用法
could 为 can 的过去式，在表示请求许可时，could 比 can 语气更委婉、客气，常用于一般疑问句，其肯定回答常用 “Yes, you can.”，否定回答常用 “No, you can't.” 或 “Sorry, you can't.”。例如：Could you please open the window （你能打开窗户吗？） - Yes, I can.（是的，我能。）
could 不表示过去时态，而是用于现在时态的句子中，提出有礼貌的请求，回答时不能用 could，要用 can。例如：Could I borrow your book （我可以借你的书吗？） - Yes, you can.（是的，你可以。）
could 还可以用于虚拟语气，表达与事实不符的愿望或假设等，这里暂不详细阐述。
练习题
（一）词汇填空
Don't t______ the waste paper everywhere. We should keep the environment clean.
My mother asked me to f______ the clothes and put them away.
Please s______ the floor. It's very dirty.
He doesn't like doing c______ such as cleaning the bedroom.
We should try our best to d______ our hometown.
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
Could you please ______ (help) me with my English
Neither of them ______ (be) right.
He borrowed some money from me and ______ (not return) it yet.
While I ______ (walk) in the park, I met my old friend.
You should learn to be ______ (independence).
（三）单项选择
—Could I use your computer —______. I'm going to work on it.
A. Yes, you can B. No, you couldn't C. Sorry, you can't D. Yes, you could
She always borrows books ______ the library.
A. to B. from C. with D. for
______ I got home, my sister was doing her homework.
A. While B. When C. As soon as D. Since
Neither my father nor my mother ______ watching soap operas.
A. like B. likes C. liking D. to like
In order ______ get good grades, we should study hard.
A. to B. for C. of D. with
（四）句型转换
Could you please clean your room （作肯定回答）
Yes, ______ ______.
I can lend you my bike.（改为同义句）
I can ______ my bike ______ you.
She did some housework last night.（改为否定句）
She ______ ______ any housework last night.
He didn't come to school because he was ill.
（对划线部分提问） ______ ______ he come to school
Tom is good at math. Jim is good at math, too.（合并为一句）
______ Tom ______ Jim are good at math.
（五）阅读理解
Many children don't like doing chores, because they think it's boring. Some children think they just need to learn their subjects well and there is no need for them to do chores. But in fact, doing chores is good for children. Doing chores can help children learn some life skills. They can learn how to cook, clean and do other things. These skills will be helpful for them in their future life. Also, doing chores can help children understand the idea of fairness. When they do chores at home, they know their parents also do a lot of things for them. However, some parents never let their children do chores. They think their children are too young. But it's not a good idea. It's better to start doing chores when they are young.
Why don't many children like doing chores
A. Because they think it's interesting.
B. Because they think it's boring.
C. Because they think it's difficult.
D. Because they think it's easy.
What can children learn from doing chores
A. Some life skills. B. How to play games.
C. How to make friends. D. How to sing songs.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. All children like doing chores.
B. Doing chores is not good for children.
C. Some parents never let their children do chores.
D. Children should start doing chores when they are old.
What's the main idea of the passage
A. Children should study hard.
B. Children should do chores.
C. Parents should do chores.
D. Parents should help their children.
（六）书面表达
假如你是李华，你的朋友 Mike 最近总是因为家务事和父母闹矛盾。请你给他写一封邮件，谈谈你的看法，并给他一些建议。 要点提示：
理解父母，他们让你做家务是为你好；
和父母沟通，表达自己的想法；
主动帮助父母做一些力所能及的家务。 要求：
包含所有要点内容，可适当发挥；
语言表达准确，语意通顺、连贯；
词数：60 - 80 词。
答案及解析
（一）词汇填空
【答案】throw 【解析】根据 “不要到处…… 废纸，我们应该保持环境整洁” 及首字母 t，可知是不要乱扔，所以填 throw。
【答案】fold 【解析】“妈妈让我…… 衣服并收起来”，结合首字母 f，“fold the clothes” 表示叠衣服，因此填 fold。
【答案】sweep 【解析】“请…… 地板，它很脏”，sweep the floor 表示扫地，故此处填 sweep。
【答案】chores 【解析】“他不喜欢做……，比如打扫卧室”，chore 表示杂务，此处用复数形式，所以填 chores。
【答案】develop 【解析】“我们应该尽力…… 我们的家乡”，develop 表示发展，所以填 develop。
（二）用所给词的适当形式填空
【答案】help 【解析】could 是情态动词，后接动词原形，所以填 help。
【答案】is 【解析】neither of... 作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式，故填 is。
【答案】hasn't returned 【解析】根据 “yet” 可知用现在完成时，其结构为 “have/has + 过去分词”，主语是 he，否定形式为 hasn't returned，因此填 hasn't returned。
【答案】was walking 【解析】while 引导的时间状语从句常用进行时态，结合 met 可知用过去进行时，主语是 I，所以填 was walking。
【答案】independent 【解析】be 动词后接形容词，independence 的形容词形式是 independent，故填 independent。
（三）单项选择
【答案】C 【解析】根据 “I'm going to work on it.” 可知不能借给对方电脑，回答用 Sorry, you can't.，could 表示请求时，回答用 can 或 can't，所以 C 正确。
【答案】B 【解析】“borrow sth. from...” 表示 “从…… 借某物”，所以 B 正确。
【答案】B 【解析】get home 是非延续性动词短语，while 引导的从句谓语动词需是延续性的，排除 A；as soon as 表示 “一…… 就……”，since 表示 “自从”，不符合语境，when 引导的从句动作可以和主句动作先后发生，故 B 正确 。
【答案】B 【解析】“neither...nor...” 连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”，my mother 是第三人称单数，故用 likes，所以 B 正确。
【答案】A 【解析】“in order to do sth.” 表示 “为了做某事”，所以 A 正确。
（四）句型转换
【答案】I can 【解析】could 表示请求许可时，肯定回答用 “Yes, you can.”，此处是对自己提问，所以用 “Yes, I can.”。
【答案】lend; to 【解析】“lend sb. sth.” = “lend sth. to sb.”，表示 “把某物借给某人”。
【答案】didn't do 【解析】原句是一般过去时，改为否定句借助助动词 didn't，动词还原为 do。
【答案】Why didn't 【解析】对 because 引导的原因状语从句提问用 why，原句是一般过去时的否定句，故用 Why didn't。
【答案】Both; and 【解析】“Tom 和 Jim 都擅长数学”，“both...and...” 表示 “…… 和…… 都”。
（五）阅读理解
【答案】B 【解析】根据 “Many children don't like doing chores, because they think it's boring.” 可知，很多孩子不喜欢做家务是因为他们觉得无聊，所以 B 正确。
【答案】A 【解析】根据 “Doing chores can help children learn some life skills.” 可知，孩子们做家务能学到一些生活技能，所以 A 正确。
【答案】C 【解析】根据 “However, some parents never let their children do chores.” 可知，一些家长从不让孩子做家务，C 正确；A 选项与原文不符，很多孩子不喜欢做家务；B 选项与原文相悖，做家务对孩子有好处；D 选项错误，孩子应该从小开始做家务。
【答案】B 【解析】文章主要讲述了做家务对孩子的好处以及一些家长的错误做法，主旨是孩子应该做家务，所以 B 正确。
（六）书面表达（略）