Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
单元知识点精讲精练
词汇 释义 常见用法
rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物 作不可数名词，如：Throw the rubbish into the bin.（把垃圾扔进垃圾桶。）
fold v. 折叠；对折 fold sth.，如：Fold the paper in half.（把纸对折。）
sweep v. 扫；打扫 sweep sth.，过去式 swept，如：She swept the floor this morning.（她今天早上扫了地。）
floor n. 地板；地面 前常加介词 on，如：There is a ball on the floor.（地板上有个球。）
mess n. 杂乱；不整洁 in a mess（一团糟），如：Your room is in a mess.（你的房间乱七八糟。）
throw v. 扔；掷 throw sth.，过去式 threw，如：Don't throw stones.（别扔石头。）
neither adv. 两者都不；也不；pron. 两者都不 “neither + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”（某人也不……）；neither of + 复数名词（作主语时谓语用单数），如：Neither of them is right.（他们俩都不对。）
shirt n. 衬衫 可数名词，如：He wears a white shirt.（他穿着一件白衬衫。）
pass v. 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.（递给某人某物）；pass the exam（通过考试），如：Please pass me the book.（请把书递给我。）
borrow v. 借；借用 borrow sth. from sb.（向某人借某物），如：I borrow books from the library.（我从图书馆借书。）
lend v. 借给；借出 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.（把某物借给某人），如：Can you lend me your pen （你能把笔借给我吗？）
finger n. 手指 可数名词，如：He hurt his finger.（他弄伤了手指。）
hate v. 厌恶；讨厌 hate doing/to do sth.（讨厌做某事），如：I hate doing the dishes.（我讨厌洗碗。）
chore n. 杂务；乏味无聊的工作 常用复数，如：I have many chores to do.（我有很多家务要做。）
while conj. 当…… 的时候；然而；n. 一段时间 引导时间状语从句时，从句动词用延续性动词；表示对比；构成短语 for a while（一会儿），如：While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.（我看书时，我妹妹在看电视。）
snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐 可数名词，如：We often have snacks between meals.（我们常在两餐之间吃零食。）
stress n. 精神压力；心理负担；v. 强调 作名词时为不可数名词，如：Too much stress is bad for health.（压力太大对健康有害。）；作动词时表示强调，如：She stressed the importance of study.（她强调了学习的重要性。）
waste n. 浪费；垃圾；v. 浪费；滥用 a waste of（…… 的浪费）；waste sth. on sth.（在某事上浪费某物），如：It's a waste of time.（这是浪费时间。）
provide v. 提供；供应 provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.（为某人提供某物），如：Parents provide food for their children.（父母为孩子提供食物。）
anyway adv. 而且；加之；尽管如此；无论如何 用于句首或句中，如：It was raining, but we went out anyway.（下雨了，但我们还是出去了。）
depend v. 依靠；信赖 depend on（依靠；取决于），如：We can't depend on others.（我们不能依靠别人。）
develop v. 发展；壮大；开发；研制 现在分词 developing，过去式 / 过去分词 developed，如：Our country is developing fast.（我们国家发展很快。）
independence n. 独立 不可数名词，如：We should learn to live with independence.（我们应学会独立生活。）
fairness n. 公正性；合理性 不可数名词，如：We all hope for fairness.（我们都希望公平。）
since conj. 从…… 以后；自…… 以来；因为；既然；prep. 从…… 以后；自…… 以来 引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时；表示原因；作介词时后接时间点，如：Since you are here, you can help me.（既然你在这儿，你可以帮我。）
neighbor n. 邻居 可数名词，如：My neighbor is very kind.（我的邻居很友善。）
ill adj. 有病；不舒服 作表语，如：He is ill.（他病了。）
drop v. 落下；掉下；降低；放弃 过去式 / 过去分词 dropped，现在分词 dropping，如：The temperature dropped.（气温下降了。）
take out the rubbish：倒垃圾。
如：Remember to take out the rubbish before going to bed.（睡觉前记得倒垃圾。）
all the time：频繁；反复；一直。
如：The baby cries all the time.（这个婴儿一直哭。）
as soon as：一…… 就……，引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
如：I'll call you as soon as I get home.（我一到家就给你打电话。）
in order to：目的是；为了，后接动词原形，可位于句首或句中。否定形式为 in order not to。
如：He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.（他早起为了赶上第一班公交。）
depend on：依靠；信赖；取决于。
如：Our success depends on everyone's effort.（我们的成功取决于每个人的努力。）
take care of：照顾；照料，相当于 look after。
如：I can take care of myself.（我能照顾好自己。）
Could you please (not) do sth. ：用于礼貌地请求别人做（不做）某事，could 表示委婉语气，不是过去式。肯定回答：“Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.” 等；否定回答：“Sorry, I can't. I have to...” 等 。
如：Could you please open the door （你能打开门吗？） -Sure.（当然可以。）
make sb. do sth.：使某人做某事，make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 。类似的词还有 let、have 。
如：My mother makes me clean my room.（我妈妈让我打扫房间。）
neither + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语：表示 “某人也不……”，用于前句为否定句的情况 。
“so + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 表示 “某人也……”，用于前句为肯定句的情况 。
如：He can't swim, and neither can I.（他不会游泳，我也不会。）；He can swim, and so can I.（他会游泳，我也会。）
the minute / the moment / the second：相当于 as soon as，引导时间状语从句，意为 “一…… 就……” 。
如：The minute I saw him, I knew he was angry.（我一看到他，就知道他生气了。）
while 引导的时间状语从句：强调主从句动作同时进行，从句中常用延续性动词，且常用进行时态 。
如：While I was doing my homework, my father was watching TV.（我做作业时，我爸爸在看电视。）
（一）情态动词 could 的用法
表示请求许可：could 用于提出请求，相较于 can，could 的语气更为委婉、客气，在口语中十分常用。
句型结构为 “Could you (please) (not) do sth. ”。
需要注意的是，回答时，肯定回答不能使用 “Yes, you could.”，而要用 “Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.” 等；
否定回答则常用 “Sorry, I can't. I have to...” 等 。
例如：Could you please lend me your pencil （你能把铅笔借给我吗？） -Sure.（当然可以。）
表示过去的能力：could 作为 can 的过去式，用于表达过去具备的能力，意思是 “能；会” 。
例如：She could dance well when she was young.（她年轻时跳舞跳得很好。）
用于虚拟语气：could 可用于虚拟语气中，表达与现在事实不符的假设、愿望或对现在情况的虚拟推测等 。在这种情况下，通常会与 if 引导的条件状语从句搭配使用。
例如：If I could have a superpower, I would choose to fly.（如果我能拥有一种超能力，我会选择飞行。），实际上 “我” 现在并没有超能力 。
（二）could 与其他情态动词的辨析
could 与 can：
在表示能力方面：can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力。
如：I can speak English now.（我现在会说英语。）；
I could play the piano when I was ten.（我十岁的时候会弹钢琴。）
在表示请求方面：can 较为直接，could 更委婉客气。
例如：Can you pass me the salt （你能把盐递给我吗？）语气比较平常；
Could you pass me the salt （您能把盐递给我吗？）语气更礼貌，更常用于正式场合或向不太熟悉的人提出请求 。
could 与 may/might：
表示可能性：may 表示 “也许，可能”，可能性比 could 稍大。
might 是 may 的过去式，也可用于现在时态表示比 may 更弱的可能性或更委婉的语气。
could 也可表示可能性，常出现在否定句和疑问句中。
如：It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。可能性相对较大）；
It could rain tomorrow, but I'm not sure.（明天有可能下雨，但我不确定。可能性稍弱）；
He might come to the party, but he's not sure yet.（他也许会来参加派对，但还不确定。语气更委婉，可能性也较弱）
3.表示请求许可：may 表示请求许可，通常用于正式场合或向长辈、上级请求；
could 用于请求许可，语气更委婉；
might 用于请求许可时，语气最为委婉，不过在实际使用中相对较少。
例如：May I use your phone （我可以用你的电话吗？正式用法）；
Could I use your phone （我能用下你的电话吗？更委婉）；
Might I borrow your book （我或许可以借你的书吗？语气极委婉）
—________ I have a look at your new watch
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
【答案】C
【解析】此处是请求许可，在正式场合向对方请求看新手表，用 May I... 句型比较合适。A 选项 Can I... 相对较为随意；B 选项 Could I... 更侧重于委婉请求；D 选项 Must 表示 “必须”，不符合语境，所以选 C。
He said he ________ come to the meeting, but he wasn't sure.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
【答案】D
【解析】根据 “he wasn't sure” 可知，此处表示较弱的可能性，且前面用了 said 是过去时态，might 是 may 的过去式，用于过去时态中表示可能性，所以选 D。could 虽然也可表示可能性，但在这里从语境和习惯搭配上，might 更合适。
It ________ be true. I can't believe it.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not
【答案】A
【解析】根据 “I can't believe it.” 可知说话者觉得事情不太可能是真的，语气较为强烈。在否定句中表示 “不可能” 常用 can't ，couldn't 语气相对较弱；may not 和 might not 表示 “可能不”，语气较弱，所以选 A。
（一）neither 的用法
作副词：“neither + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”，表示前面否定情况也适用于后者 。
如：He doesn't like apples, and neither does his sister.（他不喜欢苹果，他妹妹也不喜欢。）
作代词：“neither of + 可数名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 。
如：Neither of the books is interesting.（这两本书都没意思。）
neither... nor...：连接两个并列成分，意为 “既不…… 也不……” 。连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则” 。
如：Neither he nor I am going to the party.（他和我都不去参加派对。）
—I don't like rainy days.
—________. It makes me feel sad.
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So I do D. Neither I do
【答案】B
【解析】前句是否定句，表示 “我也不喜欢” 用 “Neither do I”，“So do I” 用于前句为肯定句的情况；“So I do” 表示 “的确如此”；“Neither I do” 表达错误，所以选 B。
Neither of the students ________ (be) late for school yesterday.
【答案】was
【解析】“Neither of + 复数名词” 作主语，谓语动词用单数，根据 “yesterday” 可知用一般过去时，所以填 was。
Neither my parents nor my sister ________ (like) action movies.
【答案】likes
【解析】“Neither... nor...” 连接两个主语，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”，“my sister” 是第三人称单数，所以用 likes。
（二）borrow、lend 与 keep 的区别
borrow：从别人那里借入，常用 “borrow sth. from sb.” 。
如：I borrowed a dictionary from my classmate.（我从同学那借了本字典。）
lend：把自己的东西借给别人，常用 “lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.” 。
如：She lent her bike to me.（她把自行车借给了我。）
keep：借一段时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用 。
如：You can keep the book for a week.（这本书你可以借一周。）
—Can I ________ your eraser Mine is lost.
—Sure. But you can't ________ it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. lend; borrow C. borrow; borrow D. lend; lend
【答案】A
【解析】第一空表示 “借入”，用 borrow；第二空表示 “借出”，用 lend，所以选 A。
—How long can I ________ this magazine
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
【答案】C
【解析】“How long” 提问一段时间，borrow 和 lend 是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用，keep 是延续性动词，所以选 C。
He ________ some money from his friend last week and hasn't returned it yet.
【答案】borrowed
【解析】根据 “from” 可知是 “借入”，且 “last week” 表明用一般过去时，所以填 borrowed。
（三）while 的用法
引导时间状语从句：主从句动作同时进行，从句动词为延续性动词，常用进行时态 。
如：While we were having dinner, the phone rang.（我们吃饭时，电话响了。）
作并列连词：表示对比，意为 “然而” 。
如：Some people like coffee, while others like tea.（有些人喜欢咖啡，而有些人喜欢茶。）
作名词：构成短语 “for a while”，意为 “一会儿” 。
如：Let's rest for a while.（我们休息一会儿吧。）
My mother was cooking ________ I was doing my homework.
A. while B. until C. since D. as soon as
【答案】A
【解析】此处表示两个动作同时进行，用 while 引导时间状语从句；until 表示 “直到”；since 表示 “自从；既然”；as soon as 表示 “一…… 就……”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
I like playing basketball, ________ my brother likes playing soccer.
A. when B. while C. because D. though
【答案】B
【解析】前后句表示对比，用 while 连接；when 引导时间状语从句；because 表示原因；though 表示让步，所以选 B。
Wait for me ________. I'll be back soon.
【答案】for a while
【解析】“for a while” 表示 “一会儿”，符合语境。
（四）as soon as 的用法
“as soon as” 引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 。
如：I'll tell him the news as soon as he comes back.（他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。）
I'll call you as soon as I ________ (arrive) at the airport.
【答案】arrive
【解析】as soon as 引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时 “I'll call”，从句要用一般现在时表示将来，主语是 I，所以动词用原形 arrive。
As soon as the rain ________ (stop), we'll go out to play.
【答案】stops
【解析】同理，主句是一般将来时 “we'll go”，从句用一般现在时，主语 “the rain” 是第三人称单数，所以 stop 要加 s，填 stops。
My parents will buy me a new bike as soon as I ________ (get) good grades.
【答案】get
【解析】主句是一般将来时 “My parents will buy”，从句用一般现在时，主语 “I” 是第一人称，所以用 get。
（一）、词汇运用（每题 1 分，共 10 分）
Don't ________ (扔) the waste paper everywhere.
【答案】throw
【解析】“扔” 用 throw，Don't 后接动词原形。
Could you please ________ (折叠) the clothes
【答案】fold
【解析】“折叠” 是 fold，Could you please 后接动词原形。
She is ________ (扫) the floor in the living room.
【答案】sweeping
【解析】“扫” 是 sweep，根据 “is” 可知用现在进行时，填 sweeping。
There is too much ________ (垃圾) in the street.
【答案】rubbish
【解析】“垃圾” 用 rubbish，不可数名词。
I ________ (讨厌) eating carrots.
【答案】hate
【解析】“讨厌” 是 hate，此处陈述事实用一般现在时，主语是 I，动词用原形。
He often ________ (借) books from the library.
【答案】borrows
【解析】“借（入）” 用 borrow，根据 “often” 可知用一般现在时，主语 “He” 是第三人称单数，动词用 borrows。
Please ________ (递) me the salt.
【答案】pass
【解析】“递” 是 pass，Please 后接动词原形。
My sister likes eating ________ (小吃) like ice - cream.
【答案】snacks
【解析】“小吃” 是 snack，此处用复数形式 snacks。
We should learn to be ________ (独立的) when we grow up.
【答案】independent
【解析】“独立的” 是 independent。
Parents should ________ (提供) a good environment for their children.
【答案】provide
【解析】“提供” 是 provide，should 后接动词原形。
（二）、短语翻译（每题 2 分，共 10 分）
倒垃圾 ____________
【答案】take out the rubbish
一…… 就…… ____________
【答案】as soon as
依靠；取决于 ____________
【答案】depend on
照顾；照料 ____________
【答案】take care of /look after
为了 ____________
【答案】in order to
（三）、单项选择（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
—Could you please clean your room
—________. I'll do it right now.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Sure D. Sorry
【答案】C
【解析】Could you please... 的肯定回答常用 “Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.” 等，A 选项 “Yes, I could” 回答错误；B 选项 “No, I couldn't” 是错误的否定回答形式；D 选项 “Sorry” 不符合后面 “I'll do it right now” 的语境，所以选 C。
My father was watching TV ________ my mother was cooking dinner.
A. while B. until C. since D. as soon as
【答案】A
【解析】此处表示两个动作同时进行，用 while 引导时间状语从句；until 表示 “直到”；since 表示 “自从；既然”；as soon as 表示 “一…… 就……”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
Neither Tom nor his classmates ________ to the party last night.
A. was invited B. were invited C. is invited D. are invited
【答案】B
【解析】“Neither... nor...” 连接两个主语，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则”，“his classmates” 是复数，且根据 “last night” 可知用一般过去时的被动语态，所以选 B。
—How long can I ________ this book
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
【答案】C
【解析】“How long” 提问一段时间，borrow 和 lend 是非延续性动词，不能和一段时间连用，keep 是延续性动词，所以选 C。
I'll go to visit my grandparents ________ the summer holidays start.
A. as soon as B. while C. until D. before
【答案】A
【解析】此处表示 “暑假一开始就去看望祖父母”，用 as soon as 引导时间状语从句，while 强调两个动作同时进行；until 表示 “直到”；before 表示 “在…… 之前”，均不符合语境，所以选 A。
My mother asked me to help her ________ the housework.
A. with B. to C. for D. in
【答案】A
【解析】help sb. with sth. 是固定搭配，表示 “帮助某人做某事”，所以选 A。
He lives alone, but he doesn't feel ________ because he has many friends.
A. alone B. lonely C. along D. long
【答案】B
【解析】alone 表示 “独自”，强调客观状态；lonely 表示 “孤独的”，强调主观感受；along 是 “沿着”；long 是 “长的”。此处表示主观感受 “不感到孤独”，所以选 B。
You should ________ your parents instead of depending on them all the time.
A. look after B. take care C. be independent of D. depend of
【答案】C
【解析】look after 是 “照顾”；take care 后需加 of 才表示 “照顾”；depend of 表达错误；be independent of 表示 “独立于，不依赖”，符合语境，所以选 C。
________ you are here, you can help me with my English.
A. Since B. While C. Until D. Though
【答案】A
【解析】since 表示 “既然”，引导原因状语从句；while 表示 “当…… 时候；然而”；until 表示 “直到”；though 表示 “尽管”。此处表示原因 “既然你在这儿”，所以选 A。
—I can't play the guitar.
—________. Let's learn it together.
A. So can I B. So I can C. Neither I can D. Neither can I
【答案】D
【解析】前句是否定句，表示 “我也不会”，用 “Neither + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 结构，所以选 D。A 选项 “So can I” 用于前句为肯定句的情况；B 选项 “So I can” 表示 “的确如此”；C 选项 “Neither I can” 表达错误。
（四）、句型转换（每题 2 分，共 10 分）
Could you please open the window （作肯定回答）
—Sure, ________ ________.
【答案】I can
I can lend you my bike.（同义句转换）
I can ________ my bike ________ you.
【答案】lend; to
【解析】lend sb. sth. = lend sth. to sb. ，所以填 lend; to。
He didn't go to school yesterday. I didn't go to school yesterday, either.（合并为一句）
He didn't go to school yesterday, and ________ ________ I.
【答案】neither did
【解析】表示 “某人也不……”，前句是否定句，用 “neither + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 结构，前句用的是一般过去时，助动词用 did，所以填 neither did。
She will call you as soon as she arrives in Beijing.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ she call you
【答案】When will
【解析】对 “as soon as she arrives in Beijing” 时间状语提问，用 when，原句是一般将来时，所以特殊疑问句用 When will she call you
My mother makes me clean my room every day.（改为被动语态）
I ________ ________ to clean my room every day by my mother.
【答案】am made
【解析】主动语态变被动语态，原句中 make sb. do sth. 变为 be made to do sth. ，主语是 I，be 动词用 am，所以填 am made。
（五）完形填空（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
Dear Sir or Madam,
I don't like doing chores. But I have 1 choice but to do them because doing chores is a rule in our family. When I come back from school, my mom 2 says, “Could you take out the rubbish ” or “Could you help me 3 cooking ” I know she's just trying to make me 4 and teach me how to 5 myself. But 6 does she make me do all the housework Oh, I know I am the oldest and I 7 do the chores. But it's not 8 for me. My sister should do them, too.
Yesterday I did all the chores again. My parents went to visit my aunt with my sister in the morning. They left me 9 at home because I had to do my homework. When I finished my homework, I found it was really a 10 at home. They didn't do any chores. So I cleaned the rooms, 11 the dishes and watered the garden. Oh, I must look like a(n) 12 .
What should I do I hate doing chores all alone. Could you give me 13 advice, please
Yours,
John
A. no B. some C. every D. any
A. never B. hardly C. always D. almost
A. about B. in C. for D. with
A. more satisfied B. more creative C. more enjoyable D. more independent
A. take after B. run out of C. take care of D. get into
A. what B. why C. where D. how
A. should B. could C. would D. may
A. hard B. fair C. much D. heavy
A. alone B. sick C. quiet D. worried
A. job B. matter C. problem D. mess
A. bought B. made C. carried D. washed
A. cook B. doctor C. servant D. actor
A. some B. an C. any D. many
【答案】
A 。固定搭配 have no choice but to do sth. ，意为 “别无选择只能做某事” ，所以选 A。
C 。根据上文提到家里有做家务的规定，可知妈妈总是让他做家务，always “总是” ，符合语境，选 C。never “从不” ；hardly “几乎不” ；almost “几乎” 。
D 。help sb. with sth. “帮助某人做某事” ，是固定短语，所以选 D。
D 。妈妈让他做家务是为了让他更独立，more independent “更独立的” ，符合语境，选 D。more satisfied “更满意的” ；more creative “更有创造力的” ；more enjoyable “更愉快的” 。
C 。学会照顾自己，take care of “照顾” ，符合语境，选 C。take after“与…… 相像” ；run out of “用完” ；get into“进入；陷入” 。
B 。此处表示他不理解为什么妈妈让他做所有家务，用 why “为什么” ，选 B。
A 。他认为自己是最大的，所以应该做家务，should “应该” ，选 A。could “能够” ；would “将会” ；may “可能” 。
B 。他觉得妹妹也应该做家务，只让他做不公平，fair “公平的” ，选 B。hard “困难的” ；much “许多” ；heavy “重的” 。
A 。leave sb. alone “让某人独自待着” ，符合语境，选 A。sick “生病的” ；quiet “安静的” ；worried “担心的” 。
D 。根据后文 “They didn't do any chores.” 可知家里一团糟，in a mess “一团糟” ，选 D。job “工作” ；matter “事情” ；problem “问题” 。
D 。wash the dishes “洗碗” ，是固定短语，选 D。bought “买” ；made “制作” ；carried “搬运” 。
C 。他做了所有家务，感觉自己像个仆人，servant “仆人” ，选 C。cook “厨师” ；doctor “医生” ；actor “演员” 。
A 。希望得到对方的建议，在表示请求的疑问句中，用 some 表示 “一些” ，选 A。an 修饰可数名词单数；any 用于否定句和疑问句，但此处用 some 更合适；many 修饰可数名词复数。
（六）阅读理解（每题 2 分，共 10 分）
In the United States, teenagers can only get a full - time job if they are 16 years old or older. But there are things that the younger teenagers can do to make some money. Here are a few ideas.
Parents with young children sometimes want to go out for dinner or to the movies, but they don't want to leave their children at home alone. So, they ask a teenager to take care of their children when they are out. If the children go to bed early, the teenager can do some of his or her homework!
Some people have a dog, but they don't have time to take it for a walk. Dogs need a lot of exercise! So some teenagers work as dog walkers. It's a good idea — they can make money and stay outside in the fresh air. They get some exercise, too!
Teenagers can deliver newspapers. They usually ride a bike around a neighborhood and leave a newspaper at each house. Normally, they do this before school in the morning. Teenagers can also work at home on their computers to send e - mails and messages for a company.
Some schools pay teenagers to take care of young children in the after - school care center. It is like a baby - sitting job, but it is different. These teenagers can get money for doing their homework!
When can American teenagers get a full - time job
A. At the age of 14. B. At the age of 15. C. At the age of 16. D. At the age of 13.
What does the underlined word “deliver” mean in Chinese
A. 编辑 B. 递送 C. 收集 D. 制作
What can a 13 - year - old American teenager do to make some money
A. Work at a company. B. Work as a dog walker.
C. Get a full - time job. D. Work in the after - school care center.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Dogs don't need a lot of exercise.
B. Teenagers can make money and get some exercise by walking dogs.
C. Teenagers can't do their homework in their free time.
D. Teenagers can get money for doing nothing.
What is the passage mainly about
A. How to find a job. B. How to make money.
C. How to take care of children. D. How to be a dog walker.
【答案】
C 。根据第一段第一句 “In the United States, teenagers can only get a full - time job if they are 16 years old or older.” 可知，美国青少年 16 岁或 16 岁以上才能获得全职工作，选 C。
B 。根据 “They usually ride a bike around a neighborhood and leave a newspaper at each house.” 可知，青少年是骑自行车在社区里把报纸送到每家每户，所以 deliver 是 “递送” 的意思，选 B。
B 。13 岁的青少年不能获得全职工作，不能在公司工作，也不能在课后托管中心工作，根据第三段可知可以当遛狗员，选 B。
B 。根据第三段 “So some teenagers work as dog walkers. It's a good idea — they can make money and stay outside in the fresh air. They get some exercise, too!” 可知，青少年遛狗可以赚钱还能得到锻炼，B 正确；A 选项与原文 “Dogs need a lot of exercise!” 不符；C 选项文中未提及青少年不能在空闲时间做作业；D 选项与原文不符，青少年是通过劳动赚钱。
B 。文章主要讲述了美国青少年在 16 岁以下时可以通过哪些方式赚钱，所以主要是关于如何赚钱，选 B。Unit 3 Could you please clean your room
单元知识点精讲精练
词汇 释义 常见用法
rubbish n. 垃圾；废弃物 作不可数名词，如：Throw the rubbish into the bin.（把垃圾扔进垃圾桶。）
fold v. 折叠；对折 fold sth.，如：Fold the paper in half.（把纸对折。）
sweep v. 扫；打扫 sweep sth.，过去式 swept，如：She swept the floor this morning.（她今天早上扫了地。）
floor n. 地板；地面 前常加介词 on，如：There is a ball on the floor.（地板上有个球。）
mess n. 杂乱；不整洁 in a mess（一团糟），如：Your room is in a mess.（你的房间乱七八糟。）
throw v. 扔；掷 throw sth.，过去式 threw，如：Don't throw stones.（别扔石头。）
neither adv. 两者都不；也不；pron. 两者都不 “neither + be / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”（某人也不……）；neither of + 复数名词（作主语时谓语用单数），如：Neither of them is right.（他们俩都不对。）
shirt n. 衬衫 可数名词，如：He wears a white shirt.（他穿着一件白衬衫。）
pass v. 给；递；走过；通过 pass sb. sth. = pass sth. to sb.（递给某人某物）；pass the exam（通过考试），如：Please pass me the book.（请把书递给我。）
borrow v. 借；借用 borrow sth. from sb.（向某人借某物），如：I borrow books from the library.（我从图书馆借书。）
lend v. 借给；借出 lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.（把某物借给某人），如：Can you lend me your pen （你能把笔借给我吗？）
finger n. 手指 可数名词，如：He hurt his finger.（他弄伤了手指。）
hate v. 厌恶；讨厌 hate doing/to do sth.（讨厌做某事），如：I hate doing the dishes.（我讨厌洗碗。）
chore n. 杂务；乏味无聊的工作 常用复数，如：I have many chores to do.（我有很多家务要做。）
while conj. 当…… 的时候；然而；n. 一段时间 引导时间状语从句时，从句动词用延续性动词；表示对比；构成短语 for a while（一会儿），如：While I was reading, my sister was watching TV.（我看书时，我妹妹在看电视。）
snack n. 点心；小吃；快餐 可数名词，如：We often have snacks between meals.（我们常在两餐之间吃零食。）
stress n. 精神压力；心理负担；v. 强调 作名词时为不可数名词，如：Too much stress is bad for health.（压力太大对健康有害。）；作动词时表示强调，如：She stressed the importance of study.（她强调了学习的重要性。）
waste n. 浪费；垃圾；v. 浪费；滥用 a waste of（…… 的浪费）；waste sth. on sth.（在某事上浪费某物），如：It's a waste of time.（这是浪费时间。）
provide v. 提供；供应 provide sth. for sb. = provide sb. with sth.（为某人提供某物），如：Parents provide food for their children.（父母为孩子提供食物。）
anyway adv. 而且；加之；尽管如此；无论如何 用于句首或句中，如：It was raining, but we went out anyway.（下雨了，但我们还是出去了。）
depend v. 依靠；信赖 depend on（依靠；取决于），如：We can't depend on others.（我们不能依靠别人。）
develop v. 发展；壮大；开发；研制 现在分词 developing，过去式 / 过去分词 developed，如：Our country is developing fast.（我们国家发展很快。）
independence n. 独立 不可数名词，如：We should learn to live with independence.（我们应学会独立生活。）
fairness n. 公正性；合理性 不可数名词，如：We all hope for fairness.（我们都希望公平。）
since conj. 从…… 以后；自…… 以来；因为；既然；prep. 从…… 以后；自…… 以来 引导时间状语从句，主句常用现在完成时；表示原因；作介词时后接时间点，如：Since you are here, you can help me.（既然你在这儿，你可以帮我。）
neighbor n. 邻居 可数名词，如：My neighbor is very kind.（我的邻居很友善。）
ill adj. 有病；不舒服 作表语，如：He is ill.（他病了。）
drop v. 落下；掉下；降低；放弃 过去式 / 过去分词 dropped，现在分词 dropping，如：The temperature dropped.（气温下降了。）
take out the rubbish：倒垃圾。
如：Remember to take out the rubbish before going to bed.（睡觉前记得倒垃圾。）
all the time：频繁；反复；一直。
如：The baby cries all the time.（这个婴儿一直哭。）
as soon as：一…… 就……，引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来。
如：I'll call you as soon as I get home.（我一到家就给你打电话。）
in order to：目的是；为了，后接动词原形，可位于句首或句中。否定形式为 in order not to。
如：He gets up early in order to catch the first bus.（他早起为了赶上第一班公交。）
depend on：依靠；信赖；取决于。
如：Our success depends on everyone's effort.（我们的成功取决于每个人的努力。）
take care of：照顾；照料，相当于 look after。
如：I can take care of myself.（我能照顾好自己。）
Could you please (not) do sth. ：用于礼貌地请求别人做（不做）某事，could 表示委婉语气，不是过去式。肯定回答：“Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.” 等；否定回答：“Sorry, I can't. I have to...” 等 。
如：Could you please open the door （你能打开门吗？） -Sure.（当然可以。）
make sb. do sth.：使某人做某事，make 后接不带 to 的动词不定式作宾语补足语 。类似的词还有 let、have 。
如：My mother makes me clean my room.（我妈妈让我打扫房间。）
neither + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语：表示 “某人也不……”，用于前句为否定句的情况 。
“so + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语” 表示 “某人也……”，用于前句为肯定句的情况 。
如：He can't swim, and neither can I.（他不会游泳，我也不会。）；He can swim, and so can I.（他会游泳，我也会。）
the minute / the moment / the second：相当于 as soon as，引导时间状语从句，意为 “一…… 就……” 。
如：The minute I saw him, I knew he was angry.（我一看到他，就知道他生气了。）
while 引导的时间状语从句：强调主从句动作同时进行，从句中常用延续性动词，且常用进行时态 。
如：While I was doing my homework, my father was watching TV.（我做作业时，我爸爸在看电视。）
（一）情态动词 could 的用法
表示请求许可：could 用于提出请求，相较于 can，could 的语气更为委婉、客气，在口语中十分常用。
句型结构为 “Could you (please) (not) do sth. ”。
需要注意的是，回答时，肯定回答不能使用 “Yes, you could.”，而要用 “Yes, sure. / Of course. / No problem.” 等；
否定回答则常用 “Sorry, I can't. I have to...” 等 。
例如：Could you please lend me your pencil （你能把铅笔借给我吗？） -Sure.（当然可以。）
表示过去的能力：could 作为 can 的过去式，用于表达过去具备的能力，意思是 “能；会” 。
例如：She could dance well when she was young.（她年轻时跳舞跳得很好。）
用于虚拟语气：could 可用于虚拟语气中，表达与现在事实不符的假设、愿望或对现在情况的虚拟推测等 。在这种情况下，通常会与 if 引导的条件状语从句搭配使用。
例如：If I could have a superpower, I would choose to fly.（如果我能拥有一种超能力，我会选择飞行。），实际上 “我” 现在并没有超能力 。
（二）could 与其他情态动词的辨析
could 与 can：
在表示能力方面：can 表示现在的能力，could 表示过去的能力。
如：I can speak English now.（我现在会说英语。）；
I could play the piano when I was ten.（我十岁的时候会弹钢琴。）
在表示请求方面：can 较为直接，could 更委婉客气。
例如：Can you pass me the salt （你能把盐递给我吗？）语气比较平常；
Could you pass me the salt （您能把盐递给我吗？）语气更礼貌，更常用于正式场合或向不太熟悉的人提出请求 。
could 与 may/might：
表示可能性：may 表示 “也许，可能”，可能性比 could 稍大。
might 是 may 的过去式，也可用于现在时态表示比 may 更弱的可能性或更委婉的语气。
could 也可表示可能性，常出现在否定句和疑问句中。
如：It may rain tomorrow.（明天可能会下雨。可能性相对较大）；
It could rain tomorrow, but I'm not sure.（明天有可能下雨，但我不确定。可能性稍弱）；
He might come to the party, but he's not sure yet.（他也许会来参加派对，但还不确定。语气更委婉，可能性也较弱）
3.表示请求许可：may 表示请求许可，通常用于正式场合或向长辈、上级请求；
could 用于请求许可，语气更委婉；
might 用于请求许可时，语气最为委婉，不过在实际使用中相对较少。
例如：May I use your phone （我可以用你的电话吗？正式用法）；
Could I use your phone （我能用下你的电话吗？更委婉）；
Might I borrow your book （我或许可以借你的书吗？语气极委婉）
—________ I have a look at your new watch
—Sure. Here you are.
A. Can B. Could C. May D. Must
He said he ________ come to the meeting, but he wasn't sure.
A. can B. could C. may D. might
It ________ be true. I can't believe it.
A. can't B. couldn't C. may not D. might not
（一）neither 的用法
作副词：“neither + be 动词 / 助动词 / 情态动词 + 主语”，表示前面否定情况也适用于后者 。
如：He doesn't like apples, and neither does his sister.（他不喜欢苹果，他妹妹也不喜欢。）
作代词：“neither of + 可数名词复数” 作主语时，谓语动词用单数 。
如：Neither of the books is interesting.（这两本书都没意思。）
neither... nor...：连接两个并列成分，意为 “既不…… 也不……” 。连接两个主语时，谓语动词遵循 “就近原则” 。
如：Neither he nor I am going to the party.（他和我都不去参加派对。）
—I don't like rainy days.
—________. It makes me feel sad.
A. So do I B. Neither do I C. So I do D. Neither I do
Neither of the students ________ (be) late for school yesterday.
Neither my parents nor my sister ________ (like) action movies.
（二）borrow、lend 与 keep 的区别
borrow：从别人那里借入，常用 “borrow sth. from sb.” 。
如：I borrowed a dictionary from my classmate.（我从同学那借了本字典。）
lend：把自己的东西借给别人，常用 “lend sth. to sb. = lend sb. sth.” 。
如：She lent her bike to me.（她把自行车借给了我。）
keep：借一段时间，常与表示一段时间的状语连用 。
如：You can keep the book for a week.（这本书你可以借一周。）
—Can I ________ your eraser Mine is lost.
—Sure. But you can't ________ it to others.
A. borrow; lend B. lend; borrow C. borrow; borrow D. lend; lend
—How long can I ________ this magazine
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
He ________ some money from his friend last week and hasn't returned it yet.
（三）while 的用法
引导时间状语从句：主从句动作同时进行，从句动词为延续性动词，常用进行时态 。
如：While we were having dinner, the phone rang.（我们吃饭时，电话响了。）
作并列连词：表示对比，意为 “然而” 。
如：Some people like coffee, while others like tea.（有些人喜欢咖啡，而有些人喜欢茶。）
作名词：构成短语 “for a while”，意为 “一会儿” 。
如：Let's rest for a while.（我们休息一会儿吧。）
My mother was cooking ________ I was doing my homework.
A. while B. until C. since D. as soon as
I like playing basketball, ________ my brother likes playing soccer.
A. when B. while C. because D. though
Wait for me ________. I'll be back soon.
（四）as soon as 的用法
“as soon as” 引导时间状语从句，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时表将来 。
如：I'll tell him the news as soon as he comes back.（他一回来我就告诉他这个消息。）
I'll call you as soon as I ________ (arrive) at the airport.
As soon as the rain ________ (stop), we'll go out to play.
My parents will buy me a new bike as soon as I ________ (get) good grades.
（一）词汇运用（每题 1 分，共 10 分）
Don't ________ (扔) the waste paper everywhere.
Could you please ________ (折叠) the clothes
She is ________ (扫) the floor in the living room.
There is too much ________ (垃圾) in the street.
I ________ (讨厌) eating carrots.
He often ________ (借) books from the library.
Please ________ (递) me the salt.
My sister likes eating ________ (小吃) like ice - cream.
We should learn to be ________ (独立的) when we grow up.
Parents should ________ (提供) a good environment for their children.
（二）短语翻译（每题 2 分，共 10 分）
倒垃圾 ____________
一…… 就…… ____________
依靠；取决于 ____________
照顾；照料 ____________
为了 ____________
（三）单项选择（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
—Could you please clean your room
—________. I'll do it right now.
A. Yes, I could B. No, I couldn't C. Sure D. Sorry
My father was watching TV ________ my mother was cooking dinner.
A. while B. until C. since D. as soon as
Neither Tom nor his classmates ________ to the party last night.
A. was invited B. were invited C. is invited D. are invited
—How long can I ________ this book
—For two weeks.
A. borrow B. lend C. keep D. buy
I'll go to visit my grandparents ________ the summer holidays start.
A. as soon as B. while C. until D. before
My mother asked me to help her ________ the housework.
A. with B. to C. for D. in
He lives alone, but he doesn't feel ________ because he has many friends.
A. alone B. lonely C. along D. long
You should ________ your parents instead of depending on them all the time.
A. look after B. take care C. be independent of D. depend of
________ you are here, you can help me with my English.
A. Since B. While C. Until D. Though
—I can't play the guitar.
—________. Let's learn it together.
A. So can I B. So I can C. Neither I can D. Neither can I
（四）句型转换（每题 2 分，共 10 分）
Could you please open the window （作肯定回答）
—Sure, ________ ________.
I can lend you my bike.（同义句转换）
I can ________ my bike ________ you.
He didn't go to school yesterday. I didn't go to school yesterday, either.（合并为一句）
He didn't go to school yesterday, and ________ ________ I.
She will call you as soon as she arrives in Beijing.（对划线部分提问）
________ ________ she call you
My mother makes me clean my room every day.（改为被动语态）
I ________ ________ to clean my room every day by my mother.
（五）完形填空（每题 2 分，共 20 分）
Dear Sir or Madam,
I don't like doing chores. But I have 1 choice but to do them because doing chores is a rule in our family. When I come back from school, my mom 2 says, “Could you take out the rubbish ” or “Could you help me 3 cooking ” I know she's just trying to make me 4 and teach me how to 5 myself. But 6 does she make me do all the housework Oh, I know I am the oldest and I 7 do the chores. But it's not 8 for me. My sister should do them, too.
Yesterday I did all the chores again. My parents went to visit my aunt with my sister in the morning. They left me 9 at home because I had to do my homework. When I finished my homework, I found it was really a 10 at home. They didn't do any chores. So I cleaned the rooms, 11 the dishes and watered the garden. Oh, I must look like a(n) 12 .
What should I do I hate doing chores all alone. Could you give me 13 advice, please
Yours,
John
A. no B. some C. every D. any
A. never B. hardly C. always D. almost
A. about B. in C. for D. with
A. more satisfied B. more creative C. more enjoyable D. more independent
A. take after B. run out of C. take care of D. get into
A. what B. why C. where D. how
A. should B. could C. would D. may
A. hard B. fair C. much D. heavy
A. alone B. sick C. quiet D. worried
A. job B. matter C. problem D. mess
A. bought B. made C. carried D. washed
A. cook B. doctor C. servant D. actor
A. some B. an C. any D. many
（六）阅读理解（每题 2 分，共 10 分）
In the United States, teenagers can only get a full - time job if they are 16 years old or older. But there are things that the younger teenagers can do to make some money. Here are a few ideas.
Parents with young children sometimes want to go out for dinner or to the movies, but they don't want to leave their children at home alone. So, they ask a teenager to take care of their children when they are out. If the children go to bed early, the teenager can do some of his or her homework!
Some people have a dog, but they don't have time to take it for a walk. Dogs need a lot of exercise! So some teenagers work as dog walkers. It's a good idea — they can make money and stay outside in the fresh air. They get some exercise, too!
Teenagers can deliver newspapers. They usually ride a bike around a neighborhood and leave a newspaper at each house. Normally, they do this before school in the morning. Teenagers can also work at home on their computers to send e - mails and messages for a company.
Some schools pay teenagers to take care of young children in the after - school care center. It is like a baby - sitting job, but it is different. These teenagers can get money for doing their homework!
When can American teenagers get a full - time job
A. At the age of 14. B. At the age of 15. C. At the age of 16. D. At the age of 13.
What does the underlined word “deliver” mean in Chinese
A. 编辑 B. 递送 C. 收集 D. 制作
What can a 13 - year - old American teenager do to make some money
A. Work at a company. B. Work as a dog walker.
C. Get a full - time job. D. Work in the after - school care center.
Which of the following is TRUE according to the passage
A. Dogs don't need a lot of exercise.
B. Teenagers can make money and get some exercise by walking dogs.
C. Teenagers can't do their homework in their free time.
D. Teenagers can get money for doing nothing.
What is the passage mainly about
A. How to find a job. B. How to make money.
C. How to take care of children. D. How to be a dog walker.
