38.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之两名青少年向名画泼汤来抗议气候变化 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之围绕人形机器人和生成式人工智能（gen AI）在促进残疾人包容性方面的潜力与挑战 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 4 人与社会之人们对于新机器会取代人类工作的担忧 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质 议论文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
如何提高阅读议论文的速度和效率？（1）
平时训练篇
扩充词汇量：丰富的词汇储备是提高阅读速度和理解能力的基础。制定合理的词汇学习计划，每天背诵一定数量的单词，通过阅读英文文章、书籍，观看英语电影、纪录片等方式，在语境中学习和巩固词汇，加深对词汇的理解和记忆，减少阅读时因生词过多而造成的障碍。
训练阅读技巧
精读：选取一些经典的议论文进行精读，分析文章的结构、论点、论据、论证方法等，学习如何把握文章的逻辑脉络和核心内容，提高对议论文的理解能力。
泛读：广泛阅读不同主题、不同风格的议论文，如报纸社论、学术论文、时评等，增加阅读量和阅读经验，提高阅读速度和对各种话题的熟悉度。
限时阅读：给自己设定阅读时间限制，在规定时间内完成一定篇幅的阅读任务，逐渐缩短阅读时间，提高阅读速度。同时，在每次阅读后进行总结和反思，分析自己在阅读过程中存在的问题，不断改进阅读方法。
加强逻辑思维训练：议论文的逻辑性很强，加强逻辑思维训练有助于更好地理解文章。可以通过做一些逻辑推理题、分析论证结构的练习来提高逻辑思维能力。比如，分析一些推理小说、侦探故事中的逻辑线索，或者研究数学证明题的推理过程等。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
capture A. 传达；表达；运输
convey B. 识别；认出；承认
recognition C. 激起；惹恼；激怒
rile D. 幼稚的；孩子气的
childish E. 捕获；夺得；引起（注意）
答案：1 - E；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
label A. 理性的；合理的；理智的
productive B. 有成效的；多产的；生产的
rational C. 极端的；偏激的；尽头的
extreme D. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize E. 把…… 称为；贴标签于；标记
答案：1 - E；2 - B；3 - A；4 - C；5 - D
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
transform A. 突破；重大进展
breakthrough B. 完全消除；擦除；抹掉
erase C. 给…… 提供指导；指示；教导
instruct D. 分析；剖析；分解
analyze E. 改变；使改观；使变形
答案：1 - E；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
upgrade A. 涌现；浮现；暴露
emerge B. 精炼；改进；使高雅
refine C. 趋向；倾向；偏好
tendency D. 升级；提升；提高
dominate E. 支配；控制；占优势
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
barrier A. 应用；申请；涂抹
application B. 残疾；缺陷；障碍
respondent C. 障碍；屏障；关卡
accurately D. 准确地；精确地；正确无误地
intention E. 调查对象；回答者；被告
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - E；4 - D；5 - B
第二组
inclusivity A. 定制；用户化
customizable B. 包容性；包容度
modification C. 本质的；必不可少的；极其重要的
essential D. 修改；改进；改变
extension E. 延伸；扩展；延期
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
advance A. 影响；对…… 有作用；假装
affect B. 移动性；流动性；机动性
mobility C. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的
indispensable D. 前进；进展；促进
vulnerable E. 易受攻击的；易受伤的；脆弱的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
proficiency A. 安全；保护；保障
safeguard B. 保障；保护措施；防护
guarantee C. 熟练；精通；娴熟
dynamic D. 有活力的；动态的；动力的
adaptability E. 适应性；适应能力；可改编性
答案：1 - C；2 - B；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
stimulating A. 接管；接收；收购
takeover B. 意图；目的；打算
intention C. 使可能；使可行；允许
make...possible D. 刺激的；振奋人心的；有启发性的
acknowledge E. 承认；认可；致谢
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
autonomy A. 网络；将…… 连接成网络
dependence B. 困境；进退两难的局面
dilemma C. 自治；自主；自主权
network D. 依赖；依靠；信赖
unprecedented E. 前所未有的；空前的；绝无仅有的
答案：1 - C；2 - D；3 - B；4 - A；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）It is not easy to capture the attention of hundreds of thousands of people, yet, in October 2022, the act of two teens throwing soup at a painting has gained mass recognition online.
These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”.
One of the viewers criticized: “there were several ways to get a point crossed. Making a statement with an attempt to ruin or intent of damage to property that is not yours is the silly thing.” “A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.” He added later.
A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner. That way, people will effectively learn about climate change and respect the information instead of looking down upon them.
Moving forward, climate protesters should strive to communicate the urgency of climate change to empower others to take action for the common good rather than do ruins.
1. What can be learned about the two teens from the first two paragraphs
A. They gained recognition on social media for themselves.
B. They adopted a childish way to arouse people’s support.
C. A minority of viewers didn’t respond as they expected.
D. Their initial goal and actions were in the same boat with viewers.
2. The phrase “childish tantrum” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. a reasonable action B. an immature outburst
C. a well-planned strategy D. a meaningful behavior
3. Which of the following may not be included in a public speech according to the passage
A. The effect of climate change on public lives.
B. The urgency of climate change to take action.
C. The irreversible global warming without measures.
D. Online movements and climate change curriculums.
4. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Teens’ Protest: A Proper Behavior B. Climate Change: An Urgent Concern
C. Climate Impact: An Inevitable Topic D. Climate Change Protest: A rational Action
【答案】1. B 2. B 3. D 4. D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、环境保护
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文中是关于2022年10月两名青少年向名画泼汤来抗议气候变化的论述。文章主要说明了由不理性的抗议方式引发思考，认为气候抗议的方式应当理性、考虑周到。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段“These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”.(这些青少年倾向于利用这种关注勇敢地传达一个重要信息：世界是时候觉醒并阻止气候变化了。这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业。然而，大多数观众的反应并不像预期的那样，有些人甚至将其称为“孩子气的发脾气”)”可知，这两个青少年采用幼稚的方式来唤起人们的支持。故选B。
2. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause.(这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业)”以及最后一句中的However，表明前后句意思相反，并且结合第一段中用汤泼画的行为可知，这两位气候抗议者的目的是激怒世界各地的人们来支持他们的事业，然而，大多数观众的反应并不像预期的那样，有些人甚至将其称为“情绪不成熟的发脾气”。故可推测划线单词的意思是“情绪不成熟的爆发”。故选B。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段“A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner.(有思想的气候抗议者应该采取更理性的方式，比如通过公开演讲，强调气候变化如何直接影响公众生活，比如人类活动导致越来越多的极端高温事件和死亡，或者如果没有预防措施，我们的气候将如何面临不可逆转的全球变暖，在社交媒体上发起运动，或者在学校里实施气候变化课程，以更有组织的方式传播意识)”可知，在线运动和气候变化课程不包括在公开演讲中。故选D。
4. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.(一种更有成效的气候变化抗议形式应该是一种看起来更成熟的形式，即观众和抗议者站在同一条船上)”以及文章主要说明了由不理性的抗议方式引发思考，认为气候抗议的方式应当理性、考虑周到。故D选项“气候变化抗议：一种理性的行动”最符合文章标题。故选D。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The potential for AI like ChatGPT to affect how humans interact with computers and transform jobs has left many company leaders head-scratching. As with other breakthroughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questions about how AI would impact jobs.
We believe that leading companies should neither attempt to automate human jobs nor wait on the sidelines until the shortcomings of AI are ironed out. Instead, companies should take a more strategic approach to make AI positively influence jobs.
Customer service provides an instructive case in point of the ways AI will transform — not wipe out — jobs. For example, we found that the work for customer service representatives could be broken down into 13 existing tasks. We then analyzed how AI might affect each of those tasks. Four of the tasks like directing organizational activities remained unchanged and could be performed entirely by humans. Four repetitive tasks, including fixing the prices of goods and services and collecting payments, could be fully automated. Five tasks could be upgraded to help humans work more effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, automated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements of a new mix of tasks around which companies should redesign human jobs to get the greatest advantage from AI.
Instead of being dominated by AI, people are guiding them by human experience and knowledge. In fact, the developers of ChatGPT are continuing to refine it based on how people are using it online. As one of ChatGPT's developers pointed out, “This is ChatGPT's secret sauce. The basic idea is to take a large language model with a tendency to pour out anything it wants ... and tune it by teaching it what kinds of responses human users actually prefer.”
5. What does the underlined word “head-scratching” mean in paragraph 1
A. Excited. B. Confused. C. Relieved. D. Frightened.
6. What change will AI bring to the customer service department
A. The department aims to replace human workers with AI.
B. Most tasks in the department will remain untouched by AI.
C. Staff in the department are expected to determine product prices.
D. AI can lead to novel roles for human employees.
7. Why does the author mention the words of a developer of ChatGPT in paragraph 4
A. To prove that a large language model is the key to ChatGPT's success.
B. To show that ChatGPT will be capable of speaking anything.
C. To support that AI should remain under human control and guidance.
D. To support that AI will be smarter than humans in communication.
8. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. AI: Beauty or Beast B. ChatGPT’s Secret to Success
C. AI Will Enrich — Not Erase — Human Jobs D. Clear Divisions of Tasks in Customer Service
【答案】5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、人工智能
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章探讨了人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响，强调AI不会取代人类工作，而是改变其工作方式。通过分析客户服务领域，文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型。
5. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“As with other breakthroughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questions about how AI would impact jobs.(与人工智能的其他突破一样，ChatGPT提出了人工智能将如何影响就业的重大问题)”可知，ChatGPT提出了人工智能将如何影响就业的重大问题，说明人工智能让许多公司领导人感到困惑，故划线词head-scratching意为“让人疑惑的”。故选B。
6. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Five tasks could be upgraded to help humans work more effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, automated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements of a new mix of tasks around which companies should redesign human jobs to get the greatest advantage from AI.(有五项任务可以升级，以帮助人类更有效地工作。然后出现了五种新的高价值任务。人工、自动化、更新和紧急任务——这些是新任务组合的要素，公司应该围绕这些要素重新设计人类的工作，以从人工智能中获得最大的优势)”可知，人工智能可以为人类员工带来新的角色。故选D。
7. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Instead of being dominated by AI, people are guiding them by human experience and knowledge.(人们不再被人工智能所支配，而是用人类的经验和知识来引导它们)”可知，作者在第4段提到了ChatGPT的开发者的话是为了支持人工智能应该继续处于人类的控制和指导之下。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第二段“We believe that leading companies should neither attempt to automate human jobs nor wait on the sidelines until the shortcomings of AI are ironed out. Instead, companies should take a more strategic approach to make AI positively influence jobs.(我们认为，领先的公司既不应该试图将人类的工作自动化，也不应该坐等人工智能的缺点得到解决。相反，企业应该采取更具战略性的方法，让人工智能对就业产生积极影响)”结合文章探讨了人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响，强调A I不会取代人类工作，而是改变其工作方式。通过分析客户服务领域，文章提出企业应通过战略性设计，利用AI增强和升级工作任务，推动工作转型。故最适合的标题应该是C项“人工智能将丰富而不是消除人类的工作”。故选C。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·北京顺义·期末）In the real world, we believe humanoid robots (人形机器人) represent one of the most exciting emerging applications of generative AI (gen AI). Specifically, we see their potential to break through some of the most longstanding barriers to inclusion faced by people with disabilities sooner or later.
But there’s still a serious gap between these new technologies’ very real promise and their abilities to deliver. Through a survey, we are able to look at 5,042 responses specific to those who identify as having a disability or mental problems. Among these respondents, 39% feel annoyed by technology’s inability to accurately understand their intentions. That compares with 28% of non-disabled individuals. About half of persons with disabilities believe that technology places too much responsibility on them to adapt, rather than adapting to their specific requirements. This is the case, even though 52% of people with disabilities see the potential of gen AI to enhance their performance in areas like creativity, relationship building, and idea generation.
The major issue is a lack of inclusivity in the development of existing and emerging AI technologies. However, it’s not too late to course-correct. If ever there were a time to take the disability community’s slogan (口号), “Nothing about us without us,” to heart, now is that time.
For gen AI-powered tools to do what we expect and want them to do, they need to have flexible, customizable interaction capabilities. To have that, they need to reflect input from the broadest possible range of humanity. This means that designers should think of inclusivity as an essential design feature, rather than as an after-the-fact modification. Translated into practice, it means asking disabled people to bring their experiences and insights to bear when developing and examining applications of new technologies.
Euphonia, a project which aims at enhancing speech recognition for people with speech damage, offers an example of just this sort of training. Euphonia is now helping a former football player Tim Shaw regain his ability to communicate with others. It can interpret his directions and signal tasks accordingly. It can also “read back” what he tells it in a voice that is remarkably similar to the voice he once had, which is possible in part because it uses a large amount of Tim’s early voice s to train its tools.
In the past, people generally considered robots as a distinct tool created to help people. Now, we can begin to consider them more as an extension of a person. The key will be to close the gap between making an experience inclusive and designing an inclusive experience.
9. What can we infer from the survey in Paragraph 2
A. Disabled people usually avoid using gen AI.
B. Non-disabled people have few gen AI problems.
C. Gen AI neglects idea generation of disabled people.
D. Gen AI is not user-friendly enough for disabled people.
10. The author quotes “nothing about us without us” to stress that ______.
A. users’ feedback on technologies often gets ignored
B. users’ requirements count in designing technologies
C. users’ advice boosts the development of technologies
D. users’ wishes reflect the improvement of technologies
11. What does the word “modification” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Limitation. B. Creation. C. Adaptation. D. Communication.
12. The author takes the example of Euphonia to show ______.
A. technology can communicate with disabled people
B. technology can enhance disabled people’s life quality
C. technology can examine inclusivity through interaction
D. technology can achieve inclusivity for disabled people
【答案】9. D 10. B 11. C 12. D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、议论文、人工智能
【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕人形机器人和生成式人工智能（gen AI）在促进残疾人包容性方面的潜力与挑战进行了深入讨论。
9. 推理判断题。根据第二段“But there’s still a serious gap between these new technologies’ very real promise and their abilities to deliver. Through a survey, we are able to look at 5,042 responses specific to those who identify as having a disability or mental problems. Among these respondents, 39% feel annoyed by technology’s inability to accurately understand their intentions. That compares with 28% of non-disabled individuals. About half of persons with disabilities believe that technology places too much responsibility on them to adapt, rather than adapting to their specific requirements. This is the case, even though 52% of people with disabilities see the potential of gen AI to enhance their performance in areas like creativity, relationship building, and idea generation.(但是，在这些新技术的真正承诺和它们的交付能力之间，仍然存在着严重的差距。通过一项调查，我们能够看到5042份针对那些被认为有残疾或精神问题的人的回应。在这些受访者中，39%的人对技术无法准确理解他们的意图感到恼火。相比之下，没有残疾的人只有28%。大约一半的残疾人认为，技术让他们承担了太多的适应责任，而不是适应他们的具体要求。事实就是如此，尽管52%的残疾人认为新一代人工智能有潜力提高他们在创造力、建立关系和产生想法等方面的表现)”可知，大约一半的残疾人认为，技术让他们承担了太多的适应责任，而不是适应他们的具体要求。所以可推知，Gen AI对残疾人来说不够友好。故选D项。
10. 推理判断题。根据第三段“The major issue is a lack of inclusivity in the development of existing and emerging AI technologies. However, it’s not too late to course-correct. If ever there were a time to take the disability community’s slogan (口号), “Nothing about us without us,” to heart, now is that time.(主要问题是现有和新兴人工智能技术的发展缺乏包容性。然而，现在改正还为时不晚。如果说有什么时候应该把残疾人社区的口号“没有我们的参与，不要做关于我们的决定”牢记在心，那就是现在)”可知，作者提出口号，是为了强调用户的需求在技术设计中很重要。故选B项。
11. 词句猜测题。根据前文“For gen AI-powered tools to do what we expect and want them to do, they need to have flexible, customizable interaction capabilities. To have that, they need to reflect input from the broadest possible range of humanity. This means that designers should think of inclusivity as an essential design feature(为了让新一代人工智能工具能够完成我们的期望和期望，它们需要具有灵活、可定制的交互功能。要做到这一点，它们需要反映尽可能广泛的人类输入。这意味着设计师应该将包容性视为一个基本的设计特征)”可知，产品设计需要具有灵活、可定制的交互功能，而不是事后的修改适应。由此猜测“modification”应是“修改”之意，和C项意思相近。故选C项。
12. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Euphonia, a project which aims at enhancing speech recognition for people with speech damage, offers an example of just this sort of training. Euphonia is now helping a former football player Tim Shaw regain his ability to communicate with others. It can interpret his directions and signal tasks accordingly. It can also “read back” what he tells it in a voice that is remarkably similar to the voice he once had, which is possible in part because it uses a large amount of Tim’s early voice s to train its tools.(Euphonia是一个旨在提高语言障碍患者语音识别能力的项目，它提供了这类培训的一个例子。Euphonia现在正在帮助前足球运动员Tim Shaw恢复与他人沟通的能力。它可以解释他的指示，并相应地发出任务信号。它还可以“读回”他说的话，声音与他曾经的声音非常相似，部分原因是它使用了大量蒂姆早期的声音来训练它的工具)”可知，作者以Euphonia为例说明技术可以实现对残疾人的包容。故选D项。
C&D 4
（2025·江西景德镇·二模）Since the industrial revolution, there have been concerns that new machines would replace human jobs. Today, this fear is becoming a reality as robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are advancing into various job sectors.
According to a March 2023 Gold man sacks report, AI could do a quarter of all the work currently done by humans. In the EU and US alone, 300 million jobs might be at risk due to automation. Author Martin Ford warns that this shift could be systematic, affecting many people in the meantime with potential widespread economic applications.
However, not all hope is lost. There remain areas where human qualities, such as emotional intelligence and creative thinking, are indispensable. Jobs in three categories are likely to be more secure against AI:
1. Truly creative role, especially those in science, medicine, law, and business strategy. While some creative fields like graphic design may be vulnerable to ad, others that involve coming up with novel ideas will still need humans.
2. Positions requiring complicated interpersonal skills, including nursing, consulting, and investigative journalism. These jobs demand a deep understanding of human relationships, which AI cannot easily copy.
3. occupations needing mobility, proficiency, and problem-solving skill in unpredictable environments, such as trade jobs. Electricians, plumbers, and welders (焊工) face situations that constantly change, making these roles challenging for automation.
Ford emphasized that neither advanced education nor high-income positions guarantee safety from ad. White-collar workers, who often write reports or analyze data, may find their jobs more threatened by AI than less educated workers in physically demanding roles, like cleaning hotel rooms, which are harder to automate.
In conclusion, seeking employment in dynamic environments that involve unpredictable tasks can help safeguard against job loss to AI, at least for now. For students preparing for their future careers, it’s wise to consider fields that emphasize creativity, human interaction, and adaptability in complex settings.
13. What can we learn from the report in paragraphs
A. A significant number of jobs may be affected by AI.
B. Automation will create more jobs than it re moves.
C. The effect of ad on employment will be mild.
D. only low-skill jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence.
14. Which of the following jobs is considered more secure against AI replacement
A. Graphic design. B. Data analysis.
C. Report writing. D. Investigative journalism.
15. What does Martin Ford stress about the impact of ad on employment
A. It will not affect the high-paying jobs.
B. It could primarily replace uneducated workers.
C. It could pose a less threat to the physically demanding jobs.
D. It will probably not influence white-collar jobs.
16. What suggestion does the passage provide for the students regarding the future career
A. To focus on careers that require routine and predictable tasks.
B. To seek employment only within dynamic and rapidly changing industries.
C. To consider occupations that highlight innovation, communication and adaptability.
D. To avoid any jobs that could potentially be affected by automation.
【答案】13. A 14. D 15. C 16. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、议论文、人工智能
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了工业革命以来，人们对于新机器会取代人类工作的担忧，并分析了在人工智能不断进步的背景下，哪些工作领域可能受到影响，以及哪些领域的工作相对安全。
13. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“According to a March 2023 Gold man sacks report, AI could do a quarter of all the work currently done by humans. In the EU and US alone, 300 million jobs might be at risk due to automation. (根据2023年3月高盛的一份报告，人工智能能够承担目前人类所做工作的四分之一。仅在欧盟和美国，就可能有 3 亿个工作岗位因自动化而面临风险。)”可知，人工智能能承担人类目前四分之一的工作，仅在欧盟和美国就有 3 亿个工作岗位因自动化面临风险，这表明大量工作可能会受到人工智能的影响。故选A。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第五段“Positions requiring complicated interpersonal skills, including nursing, consulting, and investigative journalism. These jobs demand a deep understanding of human relationships, which AI cannot easily copy. (需要复杂人际交往技能的职位，包括护理、咨询和调查性新闻工作。这些工作需要对人际关系有深刻理解，这是人工智能难以轻易复制的。)”可知，调查性新闻工作需要复杂的人际交往技能，对人际关系有深刻理解，这是AI 难以复制的，所以调查性新闻工作更能抵御AI替代。故选D。
15. 细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段“White-collar workers, who often write reports or analyze data, may find their jobs more threatened by AI than less educated workers in physically demanding roles, like cleaning hotel rooms, which are harder to automate. (经常撰写报告或分析数据的白领，可能会发现他们的工作比从事体力要求较高的低学历工作者（如清洁酒店房间，这类工作更难实现自动化）更容易受到人工智能的威胁。)”可知，体力要求高的工作相比白领工作更不容易受到 AI 威胁。故选C。
16. 细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For students preparing for their future careers, it’s wise to consider fields that emphasize creativity, human interaction, and adaptability in complex settings. (对于正在为未来职业做准备的学生来说，明智的做法是考虑那些强调创造力、人际交往以及在复杂环境中适应能力的领域。)”可知，学生应考虑强调创造力、人际交往以及在复杂环境中适应能力的职业。故选C。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·广东·期末）In a stimulating interview with the philosopher Daniel Dennett in Living on Earth, Dannet shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discovery. Darwin showed how you can get the appearance of purpose and design out of blind processes of natural selection. And Turing said that any computable problem can be computed by a machine without understanding.
The host then voiced a concern: as Al advances, machines will come to lord over us. Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines.
The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy. At the end of the day, even the smartest computers are our tools, and their intentions are ours. Or, to the extent that we can speak of their intentions at all. The intention of a self-driving car to avoid an obstacle, for example, is what it’s designed for.
Our growing dependence on technologies doesn’t mean we are losing our natural autonomy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a loss of autonomy. Even auto mechanics these days rely on computers and, in the era of self-driving cars, will any of us still know how to drive Think what would happen if we lost electricity We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days.
The truth is, we’ve been technological since our dawn as a species. We first found ourselves in the archaeological record where we saw a great exposition of tools, technologies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cyborg, which is a technological extension of our natural selves. This suggests that at any time in our development, a large-scale breakdown in the technological system would spell not exactly our doom, but our complete reorganization.
Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked. When the library of Alexandria burned down, books and knowledge were lost. But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be sinply deleted.
What happens to us then
17. Which of the following statements might Dennet most likely agree with
A. AI might be overly relied on.
B. AI doesn’t have comprehension.
C. AI’s development is bounded.
D. AI’s evolution resembles natural selection.
18. Which of the following examples best matches the idea of “know-how” in paragraph 4
A. A scholar studies the theory of natural selection.
B. A nobleman hires servants to do all the housework.
C. A farmer builds a table by hand using traditional tools.
D. A worker operates a machine following preset instructions.
19. Why did the author mention libraries in paragraph 6
A. To show the technological stability.
B. To prove the technological safeguard.
C. To emphasize the technological weakness.
D. To illustrate the technological transformation.
20. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy
B. How will Technology Breakdown Change Our Lives
C. Will Artificial Autonomy Threaten Humanity’s Existence
D. How does the Human-Technology Relationship Develop
【答案】17. A 18. C 19. C 20. A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、人工智能
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境。
17. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines.(Dennett承认存在被取代的风险，但他认为这种风险被误解了。风险不在于机器会成为自主统治者，而在于我们会过度依赖机器。)”可知，Dennet最有可能同意的说法是人工智能可能会被过度依赖。故选A。
18. 推理判断题。根据第四段“Think what would happen if we lost electricity We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days.(想想如果我们断电会发生什么？正如丹尼特所说，我们会被抛回19世纪。但事情会变得更糟，因为我们缺乏使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术。)”可知，“know-how”的技术是使我们的祖先在过去的日子里生活得很好的技术，符合“know-how”的概念的是一位农民用传统工具手工制作一张桌子。故选C。
19. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked.(也许我们目前的困境之所以前所未有，是因为我们是如此紧密地联系在一起。)”和“But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be sinply deleted.(但在一个图书馆被其在线版本所取代的世界里，想象一下，所有的图书馆都可能被轻易删除，这并不是不可想象的。)”可知，作者在第6段提到图书馆是为了强调技术上的弱点。故选C。
20. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第二段“The host then voiced a concern: as Al advances, machines will come to lord over us.(主持人随后表达了担忧：随着人工智能的发展，机器将主宰我们。)”和第三段“The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy.(人工智能的主要问题不是智能，而是自主性。)”可知，本文主要探讨了AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质以及当前网络化社会面临的特殊困境，因此最好的题目是A选项“Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy (人们担忧的是人工智能还是自主性？)”。故选A。38.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之两名青少年向名画泼汤来抗议气候变化 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之人工智能，如Chat GPT，对工作岗位的影响 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之围绕人形机器人和生成式人工智能（gen AI）在促进残疾人包容性方面的潜力与挑战 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 4 人与社会之人们对于新机器会取代人类工作的担忧 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之AI和人类自主性的关系、人类对技术的依赖、人类的技术本质 议论文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
如何提高阅读议论文的速度和效率？（1）
平时训练篇
扩充词汇量：丰富的词汇储备是提高阅读速度和理解能力的基础。制定合理的词汇学习计划，每天背诵一定数量的单词，通过阅读英文文章、书籍，观看英语电影、纪录片等方式，在语境中学习和巩固词汇，加深对词汇的理解和记忆，减少阅读时因生词过多而造成的障碍。
训练阅读技巧
精读：选取一些经典的议论文进行精读，分析文章的结构、论点、论据、论证方法等，学习如何把握文章的逻辑脉络和核心内容，提高对议论文的理解能力。
泛读：广泛阅读不同主题、不同风格的议论文，如报纸社论、学术论文、时评等，增加阅读量和阅读经验，提高阅读速度和对各种话题的熟悉度。
限时阅读：给自己设定阅读时间限制，在规定时间内完成一定篇幅的阅读任务，逐渐缩短阅读时间，提高阅读速度。同时，在每次阅读后进行总结和反思，分析自己在阅读过程中存在的问题，不断改进阅读方法。
加强逻辑思维训练：议论文的逻辑性很强，加强逻辑思维训练有助于更好地理解文章。可以通过做一些逻辑推理题、分析论证结构的练习来提高逻辑思维能力。比如，分析一些推理小说、侦探故事中的逻辑线索，或者研究数学证明题的推理过程等。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
capture A. 传达；表达；运输
convey B. 识别；认出；承认
recognition C. 激起；惹恼；激怒
rile D. 幼稚的；孩子气的
childish E. 捕获；夺得；引起（注意）
第二组
label A. 理性的；合理的；理智的
productive B. 有成效的；多产的；生产的
rational C. 极端的；偏激的；尽头的
extreme D. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize E. 把…… 称为；贴标签于；标记
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
transform A. 突破；重大进展
breakthrough B. 完全消除；擦除；抹掉
erase C. 给…… 提供指导；指示；教导
instruct D. 分析；剖析；分解
analyze E. 改变；使改观；使变形
第二组
upgrade A. 涌现；浮现；暴露
emerge B. 精炼；改进；使高雅
refine C. 趋向；倾向；偏好
tendency D. 升级；提升；提高
dominate E. 支配；控制；占优势
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
barrier A. 应用；申请；涂抹
application B. 残疾；缺陷；障碍
respondent C. 障碍；屏障；关卡
accurately D. 准确地；精确地；正确无误地
intention E. 调查对象；回答者；被告
第二组
inclusivity A. 定制；用户化
customizable B. 包容性；包容度
modification C. 本质的；必不可少的；极其重要的
essential D. 修改；改进；改变
extension E. 延伸；扩展；延期
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
advance A. 影响；对…… 有作用；假装
affect B. 移动性；流动性；机动性
mobility C. 不可缺少的；绝对必要的
indispensable D. 前进；进展；促进
vulnerable E. 易受攻击的；易受伤的；脆弱的
第二组
proficiency A. 安全；保护；保障
safeguard B. 保障；保护措施；防护
guarantee C. 熟练；精通；娴熟
dynamic D. 有活力的；动态的；动力的
adaptability E. 适应性；适应能力；可改编性
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
stimulating A. 接管；接收；收购
takeover B. 意图；目的；打算
intention C. 使可能；使可行；允许
make...possible D. 刺激的；振奋人心的；有启发性的
acknowledge E. 承认；认可；致谢
第二组
autonomy A. 网络；将…… 连接成网络
dependence B. 困境；进退两难的局面
dilemma C. 自治；自主；自主权
network D. 依赖；依靠；信赖
unprecedented E. 前所未有的；空前的；绝无仅有的
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·贵州铜仁·期末）It is not easy to capture the attention of hundreds of thousands of people, yet, in October 2022, the act of two teens throwing soup at a painting has gained mass recognition online.
These teens tended to use this attention to courageously convey an important message: it is time for the world to wake up and stop climate change. These two climate protesters aimed to rile up people from all around the world in support of their cause. However, the majority of viewers did not respond as expected with some even labeling it a “childish tantrum”.
One of the viewers criticized: “there were several ways to get a point crossed. Making a statement with an attempt to ruin or intent of damage to property that is not yours is the silly thing.” “A more productive form of climate change protest would be one that seems more mature in which the audiences and protesters are in the same boat.” He added later.
A thoughtful climate protesters should be the ones who adopt more rational ways such as deliver public speeches, which emphasize how climate change is directly affecting public lives including how more and more extreme heat events and deaths are caused by human action, or how our climate will face irreversible (不可逆转的) global warming without preventive measures, start a movement on social media, or implement a climate change curriculum in schools to spread awareness in a more organized manner. That way, people will effectively learn about climate change and respect the information instead of looking down upon them.
Moving forward, climate protesters should strive to communicate the urgency of climate change to empower others to take action for the common good rather than do ruins.
1. What can be learned about the two teens from the first two paragraphs
A. They gained recognition on social media for themselves.
B. They adopted a childish way to arouse people’s support.
C. A minority of viewers didn’t respond as they expected.
D. Their initial goal and actions were in the same boat with viewers.
2. The phrase “childish tantrum” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to .
A. a reasonable action B. an immature outburst
C. a well-planned strategy D. a meaningful behavior
3. Which of the following may not be included in a public speech according to the passage
A. The effect of climate change on public lives.
B. The urgency of climate change to take action.
C. The irreversible global warming without measures.
D. Online movements and climate change curriculums.
4. What can be a suitable title for the passage
A. Teens’ Protest: A Proper Behavior B. Climate Change: An Urgent Concern
C. Climate Impact: An Inevitable Topic D. Climate Change Protest: A rational Action
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·湖南长沙·阶段练习）The potential for AI like ChatGPT to affect how humans interact with computers and transform jobs has left many company leaders head-scratching. As with other breakthroughs in AI, ChatGPT raises big questions about how AI would impact jobs.
We believe that leading companies should neither attempt to automate human jobs nor wait on the sidelines until the shortcomings of AI are ironed out. Instead, companies should take a more strategic approach to make AI positively influence jobs.
Customer service provides an instructive case in point of the ways AI will transform — not wipe out — jobs. For example, we found that the work for customer service representatives could be broken down into 13 existing tasks. We then analyzed how AI might affect each of those tasks. Four of the tasks like directing organizational activities remained unchanged and could be performed entirely by humans. Four repetitive tasks, including fixing the prices of goods and services and collecting payments, could be fully automated. Five tasks could be upgraded to help humans work more effectively. And five new, high-value tasks emerge. Human, automated, updated, and emergent tasks — these are the elements of a new mix of tasks around which companies should redesign human jobs to get the greatest advantage from AI.
Instead of being dominated by AI, people are guiding them by human experience and knowledge. In fact, the developers of ChatGPT are continuing to refine it based on how people are using it online. As one of ChatGPT's developers pointed out, “This is ChatGPT's secret sauce. The basic idea is to take a large language model with a tendency to pour out anything it wants ... and tune it by teaching it what kinds of responses human users actually prefer.”
5. What does the underlined word “head-scratching” mean in paragraph 1
A. Excited. B. Confused. C. Relieved. D. Frightened.
6. What change will AI bring to the customer service department
A. The department aims to replace human workers with AI.
B. Most tasks in the department will remain untouched by AI.
C. Staff in the department are expected to determine product prices.
D. AI can lead to novel roles for human employees.
7. Why does the author mention the words of a developer of ChatGPT in paragraph 4
A. To prove that a large language model is the key to ChatGPT's success.
B. To show that ChatGPT will be capable of speaking anything.
C. To support that AI should remain under human control and guidance.
D. To support that AI will be smarter than humans in communication.
8. What can be a suitable title for the text
A. AI: Beauty or Beast B. ChatGPT’s Secret to Success
C. AI Will Enrich — Not Erase — Human Jobs D. Clear Divisions of Tasks in Customer Service
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·北京顺义·期末）In the real world, we believe humanoid robots (人形机器人) represent one of the most exciting emerging applications of generative AI (gen AI). Specifically, we see their potential to break through some of the most longstanding barriers to inclusion faced by people with disabilities sooner or later.
But there’s still a serious gap between these new technologies’ very real promise and their abilities to deliver. Through a survey, we are able to look at 5,042 responses specific to those who identify as having a disability or mental problems. Among these respondents, 39% feel annoyed by technology’s inability to accurately understand their intentions. That compares with 28% of non-disabled individuals. About half of persons with disabilities believe that technology places too much responsibility on them to adapt, rather than adapting to their specific requirements. This is the case, even though 52% of people with disabilities see the potential of gen AI to enhance their performance in areas like creativity, relationship building, and idea generation.
The major issue is a lack of inclusivity in the development of existing and emerging AI technologies. However, it’s not too late to course-correct. If ever there were a time to take the disability community’s slogan (口号), “Nothing about us without us,” to heart, now is that time.
For gen AI-powered tools to do what we expect and want them to do, they need to have flexible, customizable interaction capabilities. To have that, they need to reflect input from the broadest possible range of humanity. This means that designers should think of inclusivity as an essential design feature, rather than as an after-the-fact modification. Translated into practice, it means asking disabled people to bring their experiences and insights to bear when developing and examining applications of new technologies.
Euphonia, a project which aims at enhancing speech recognition for people with speech damage, offers an example of just this sort of training. Euphonia is now helping a former football player Tim Shaw regain his ability to communicate with others. It can interpret his directions and signal tasks accordingly. It can also “read back” what he tells it in a voice that is remarkably similar to the voice he once had, which is possible in part because it uses a large amount of Tim’s early voice s to train its tools.
In the past, people generally considered robots as a distinct tool created to help people. Now, we can begin to consider them more as an extension of a person. The key will be to close the gap between making an experience inclusive and designing an inclusive experience.
9. What can we infer from the survey in Paragraph 2
A. Disabled people usually avoid using gen AI.
B. Non-disabled people have few gen AI problems.
C. Gen AI neglects idea generation of disabled people.
D. Gen AI is not user-friendly enough for disabled people.
10. The author quotes “nothing about us without us” to stress that ______.
A. users’ feedback on technologies often gets ignored
B. users’ requirements count in designing technologies
C. users’ advice boosts the development of technologies
D. users’ wishes reflect the improvement of technologies
11. What does the word “modification” underlined in Paragraph 4 probably mean
A. Limitation. B. Creation. C. Adaptation. D. Communication.
12. The author takes the example of Euphonia to show ______.
A. technology can communicate with disabled people
B. technology can enhance disabled people’s life quality
C. technology can examine inclusivity through interaction
D. technology can achieve inclusivity for disabled people
C&D 4
（2025·江西景德镇·二模）Since the industrial revolution, there have been concerns that new machines would replace human jobs. Today, this fear is becoming a reality as robots and artificial intelligence (AI) are advancing into various job sectors.
According to a March 2023 Gold man sacks report, AI could do a quarter of all the work currently done by humans. In the EU and US alone, 300 million jobs might be at risk due to automation. Author Martin Ford warns that this shift could be systematic, affecting many people in the meantime with potential widespread economic applications.
However, not all hope is lost. There remain areas where human qualities, such as emotional intelligence and creative thinking, are indispensable. Jobs in three categories are likely to be more secure against AI:
1. Truly creative role, especially those in science, medicine, law, and business strategy. While some creative fields like graphic design may be vulnerable to ad, others that involve coming up with novel ideas will still need humans.
2. Positions requiring complicated interpersonal skills, including nursing, consulting, and investigative journalism. These jobs demand a deep understanding of human relationships, which AI cannot easily copy.
3. occupations needing mobility, proficiency, and problem-solving skill in unpredictable environments, such as trade jobs. Electricians, plumbers, and welders (焊工) face situations that constantly change, making these roles challenging for automation.
Ford emphasized that neither advanced education nor high-income positions guarantee safety from ad. White-collar workers, who often write reports or analyze data, may find their jobs more threatened by AI than less educated workers in physically demanding roles, like cleaning hotel rooms, which are harder to automate.
In conclusion, seeking employment in dynamic environments that involve unpredictable tasks can help safeguard against job loss to AI, at least for now. For students preparing for their future careers, it’s wise to consider fields that emphasize creativity, human interaction, and adaptability in complex settings.
13. What can we learn from the report in paragraphs
A. A significant number of jobs may be affected by AI.
B. Automation will create more jobs than it re moves.
C. The effect of ad on employment will be mild.
D. only low-skill jobs will be replaced by artificial intelligence.
14. Which of the following jobs is considered more secure against AI replacement
A. Graphic design. B. Data analysis.
C. Report writing. D. Investigative journalism.
15. What does Martin Ford stress about the impact of ad on employment
A. It will not affect the high-paying jobs.
B. It could primarily replace uneducated workers.
C. It could pose a less threat to the physically demanding jobs.
D. It will probably not influence white-collar jobs.
16. What suggestion does the passage provide for the students regarding the future career
A. To focus on careers that require routine and predictable tasks.
B. To seek employment only within dynamic and rapidly changing industries.
C. To consider occupations that highlight innovation, communication and adaptability.
D. To avoid any jobs that could potentially be affected by automation.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·广东·期末）In a stimulating interview with the philosopher Daniel Dennett in Living on Earth, Dannet shared that Charles Darwin and Alan Turing might make the same discovery. Darwin showed how you can get the appearance of purpose and design out of blind processes of natural selection. And Turing said that any computable problem can be computed by a machine without understanding.
The host then voiced a concern: as Al advances, machines will come to lord over us. Dennett acknowledges there’s a takeover risk but claims it’s misunderstood. The risk is not that machines will become autonomous rulers but that we will depend too much on machines.
The main issue with AI is not intelligence but autonomy. At the end of the day, even the smartest computers are our tools, and their intentions are ours. Or, to the extent that we can speak of their intentions at all. The intention of a self-driving car to avoid an obstacle, for example, is what it’s designed for.
Our growing dependence on technologies doesn’t mean we are losing our natural autonomy in quite this sense. Our needs remain. But it is a loss of autonomy. Even auto mechanics these days rely on computers and, in the era of self-driving cars, will any of us still know how to drive Think what would happen if we lost electricity We’d be thrown back into the 19th century, as Dennett says. But things would be worse as we lack know-how that made it possible for our ancestors to live well in the olden days.
The truth is, we’ve been technological since our dawn as a species. We first found ourselves in the archaeological record where we saw a great exposition of tools, technologies, art-making and language. In a sense, being human means being like a cyborg, which is a technological extension of our natural selves. This suggests that at any time in our development, a large-scale breakdown in the technological system would spell not exactly our doom, but our complete reorganization.
Perhaps what makes our current dilemma unprecedented (史无前例的) is the fact that we are so closely networked. When the library of Alexandria burned down, books and knowledge were lost. But in a world where libraries are replaced by their online versions, it isn’t unimaginable that every library could be sinply deleted.
What happens to us then
17. Which of the following statements might Dennet most likely agree with
A. AI might be overly relied on.
B. AI doesn’t have comprehension.
C. AI’s development is bounded.
D. AI’s evolution resembles natural selection.
18. Which of the following examples best matches the idea of “know-how” in paragraph 4
A. A scholar studies the theory of natural selection.
B. A nobleman hires servants to do all the housework.
C. A farmer builds a table by hand using traditional tools.
D. A worker operates a machine following preset instructions.
19. Why did the author mention libraries in paragraph 6
A. To show the technological stability.
B. To prove the technological safeguard.
C. To emphasize the technological weakness.
D. To illustrate the technological transformation.
20. What would be the best title for the passage
A. Is the Concern Artificial Intelligence or Autonomy
B. How will Technology Breakdown Change Our Lives
C. Will Artificial Autonomy Threaten Humanity’s Existence
D. How does the Human-Technology Relationship Develop
