39.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之探讨了美国低收入家庭在彩票消费上的高额支出 议论文 难（0.4） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之人工智能(AI)的发展以及人类应如何设定AI的终极目标和优先级 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 3 人与社会之人们在临终时可能会感到幸福的现象 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之以种子培育为例，形象地讲出培养人的几个措施 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之教师自我同情的重要性 议论文 难（0.4）
【技巧点拨】
如何提高阅读议论文的速度和效率？（2）
临场技巧
明确阅读目的：在阅读议论文之前，先明确自己的阅读目的，是为了获取信息、了解观点、分析论证过程还是为了完成题目等。有了明确的目的，阅读时就能更有针对性地筛选信息，提高阅读效率。
先看首尾段和关键句：文章的首尾段通常会点明主题和总结观点，每段的首句和尾句往往是该段的中心句，表达了段落的主要内容。先快速浏览这些部分，能够对文章的整体结构和大致内容有一个初步的了解，为进一步阅读打下基础。
跳读和略读
跳读：对于一些与文章核心内容关系不大的举例、解释、补充说明等部分，可以采用跳读的方式，快速跳过这些内容，抓住文章的关键信息。
略读：对于一些熟悉的或者不太重要的内容，可以进行略读，快速扫视文字，了解其大致意思即可。比如，在阅读关于某个常见社会现象的议论文时，如果其中提到了一些大家都熟知的现象表现，就可以略读。
标记重要信息：在阅读过程中，用不同的符号或颜色标记出论点、论据、论证的关键语句以及表示逻辑关系的词语等重要信息，便于在答题或回顾文章时快速定位和查找。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
estimate A. 无知；愚昧
ignorance B. 不平等；不均衡
inequality C. 忽视；对…… 不予理会
ignore D. 估计；估算；估价
conventional E. 传统的；常规的；依照惯例的
第二组
ridiculous A. 无数的；数不清的
numerous B. 荒谬的；可笑的；荒唐的
adapt C. 浪费地；奢侈地
wastefully D. 适应；改编；改写
unique E. 独特的；独一无二的；稀罕的
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
anxiety A. 偏见；偏心；偏袒
potential B. 组织；团体；机构
organization C. 焦虑；忧虑；担心
manipulation D. 潜在的；可能的；潜力
bias E. 操纵；控制；操作
第二组
enact A. 仁慈的；慈善的；乐善好施的
sympathetic B. 制定（法律）；通过（法案）；扮演
align C. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
benevolent D. 使结盟；使成一条直线；校准
challenge E. 挑战；质疑；考验
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
fulfilment A. 临床的；诊所的
candid B. 满足感；成就感；履行
clinical C. 坦率的；坦诚的；直言不讳的
weird D. 奇怪的；怪异的；不可思议的
odd E. 古怪的；奇数的；单只的
第二组
insight A. 见解；洞察力；领悟
acknowledge B. 增强；提高；加强
enhance C. 承认；认可；致谢
cheerful D. 愉快的；高兴的；令人愉快的
sentiment E. 情绪；观点；感情
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
metaphor A. 培育；养育；滋养
nurture B. 逆境；不幸；困境
adversity C. 隐喻；暗喻
optimistic D. 乐观的；乐观主义的
pessimism E. 悲观；悲观情绪；悲观主义
第二组
deliberate A. 故意的；蓄意的；慎重的
resilience B. 选择；挑选；选拔
select C. 坚韧不拔；弹性；恢复力
transform D. 改变；使改观；使变形
destiny E. 命运；天命；天数
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
profession A. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire B. 职业；行业；专业
compassion C. 满足感；满意；欣慰
satisfaction D. 同情；怜悯；恻隐之心
responsibility E. 责任；职责；义务
第二组
isolate A. 内心的；内部的；精神的
inward B. 合并；使并入；包含
critic C. 使隔离；使孤立；使脱离
incorporate D. 批评家；评论家；批评者
enhance E. 提高；增强；增进
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）Americans spend more on lottery (彩票) tickets than movies, video games, and concerts combined. Leading the way are the lowest-income households, which spend an estimated $412 each year, four times the amount spent by the highest-income households. As financial writer Morgan Housel describes in his 2022 book, The Psychology of Money, “without $400 for an emergency, low-income lottery players are blowing their safety nets on something with a one-in-millions chance of making a fortune. While a player may occasionally get lucky, the more they play over lotteries, the likelier it is that their monetary losses will reach the intended average.”
So why do those living under the worst conditions spend so much more on them The financial knowledge might explain that this behavior is born purely of ignorance, but Housel and scientific researchers point to alternative psychological explanations. They highlighted the inequalities present in the U. S. and noted that low-income players may consider lotteries to be a “social equalizer” which creates hope for material improvement and a higher social status that cannot be achieved through conventional channels.
Is it really so ridiculous that a person laboring for 50 hours a week making $20 an hour would spend $10 a week on lottery tickets to, at least for a moment, entertain the dream of becoming rich A millionaire choosing to spend a tenth of their savings on a speedboat is arguably making a worse financial decision. The same could be said of an office worker making $100,000 a year spending S200 each week to dine out wastefully.
As Housel points out in his book, the numerous ways we can spend our money, and even the modern monetary system itself, have only been around for no more than decades. Our slow-to-adapt thinking systems are not well-prepared for making solid financial decisions in a rapidly changing world.
“We all do crazy things with money because we' re all relatively new to this game and what looks crazy to you might make sense to me,” Housel wrote. “But no one is crazy. We all make decisions based on our own unique experiences that seem to make sense to us in a given moment.”
1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1
A. Those who earn more spend more on lottery tickets.
B. Americans like playing the lottery tickets best.
C. Low-income households can’t afford to spend money on lottery tickets.
D. Those who place expectations on lottery tickets may lose hope at last.
2. According to Housel, what accounts for the popularity of lottery tickets among low-income players
A. They want to fight against inequality.
B. They lack a sense of financial management.
C. They can have anticipation for better life.
D. They need entertainment to meet psychological demands.
3. Why are a millionaire and an office worker mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To justify the consumption of lottery tickets.
B. To make a contrast between different spending patterns.
C. To emphasize the misuse of money in distinct areas.
D. To showcase their financial decisions on distributing money.
4. What’s Housel’s attitude towards the low-income lottery players
A. Dismissive. B. Admiring. C. Critical. D. Tolerant.
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
5. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
6. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
7. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
8. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·云南·阶段练习）Finding fulfilment at the end of life is not that unusual, as it’s possible to feel happiness alongside sadness, and other seemingly conflicting emotions. Simon Boas, who wrote a candid account of living with cancer, passed away on July 15 at the age of 47. He told the reporter: “My pain is under control and I’m terribly happy — it sounds weird to say, but I’m as happy as I’ve ever been in my life.”
It may seem odd that a person could be happy as the end draws near, but in my experience as a clinical psychologist working with people at the end of their lives, it’s not that uncommon. There is quite a lot of research suggesting that fear of death is at the unconscious center of being human. William James, an American philosopher, called the knowledge that we must die “the worm at the core” of the human condition.
But a study in Psychological Science shows that people nearing death use more positive language to describe their experience than those who just imagine death. This suggests that the experience of dying is more pleasant — or, at least, less unpleasant — than we might picture it.
In the BBC interview, Boas shared some of the insights that helped him come to accept his situation. He mentioned the importance of enjoying life and prioritizing meaningful experiences, suggesting that acknowledging death can enhance our appreciation for life.
Despite the pain and difficulties, Boas seemed cheerful, hoping his attitude would support his wife and parents during the difficult times ahead. Boas’s words echo the Roman philosopher Seneca who advised that: “To have lived long enough depends neither upon our years nor upon our days, but upon our minds.”
A more recent thinker expressing similar sentiments is the psychiatrist Viktor Frankl who laid the groundwork for a form of existential psychotherapy. Its most recent adaptation is meaning-centered psychotherapy, which offers people with cancer a way to improve their sense of meaning.
9. How did Simon Boas feel as his death was around the corner
A. Upset. B. Appreciative. C. Desperate. D. Delighted.
10. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. Death is the core in people’s lives.
B. Everyone holds fear in their hearts.
C. There are worms in people’s hearts.
D. Human beings can find ways to extend life span.
11. What can we learn from Boas
A. Ignoring death can promote our gratitude for life.
B. It is our mind that decides how long we can live.
C. To have lived long enough depends on our achievements.
D. Our years and days decide who we are.
12. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The life of Simon Boas living with cancer.
B. Things to make people happy when they are dying.
C. People’s tendency to feel happy when they are dying.
D. Ways of enhancing people’s sense of meaning.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success.
Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of failure and despair. To ensure our minds bear the fruits of our desires, it’s crucial to prepare the soil of our minds with the nutrients of education, health, and effective time management. These elements enrich our mental landscape, providing the ideal environment for our ambitions to take root and flourish.
The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap.
Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles.
Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today.
13. How does the author illustrate the concept of mental preparation
A. By explaining it as the cultivation of plants.
B. By relating it to the achievement of personal goals.
C. By associating it with the management of natural conditions.
D. By comparing it to the process of gardening and seed nurturing.
14. What can be inferred about our thoughts from Paragraph 2
A. They can be cultivated to yield positive results.
B. They can develop our effective time management.
C. They are directly responsible for all our successes.
D. They are unable to change a life filled with despair.
15. What does it suggest about thoughts and life outcomes according to Paragraph 3
A. Life outcomes are decided in advance. B. Life outcomes are the fruits of our desires.
C. Cultivating thoughts shapes life outcomes. D. Cultivating thoughts depends on life outcomes.
16. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A. The power of thoughts in shaping our lives and relationships.
B. The effect of optimism on overcoming life’s challenges.
C. The role of empathy in building a strong community.
D. The importance of personal success in society.
17. What conclusion can we draw from the passage
A. We cannot change our destiny. B. Cultivating positive thoughts matters.
C. Personal goals depend on social impact. D. Our thoughts can directly lead to success.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations.
However, where does that leave teachers Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.
Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc. The inner critic has so much more “material” to work with when you’ re in front of a class. It’s no wonder that in stressful situations, it’s harder to control your self-talk. For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, “You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.”
It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students.
18. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching.
B. Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves.
C. Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure.
D. Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers.
19. Which of the following fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view on self-compassion
A. Self-compassion is hard for teachers to learn.
B. Self-compassion helps teachers understand students well.
C. The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get.
D. The more you understand others, the more self-compassion you’ll have.
20. What can be inferred from the example given in paragraph 3
A. Teachers’ responsibilities matter. B. Teachers have a lot of work pressure.
C. Teachers play a big role in students’ life. D. It’s normal for teachers to do wrong things.
21. What is mainly talked about in the text
A. The importance of teachers’ self-compassion.
B. The suggestions on raising future generations.
C. The necessity of reducing the burden on teachers.
D. The approaches to teachers’ growth and development.39.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之探讨了美国低收入家庭在彩票消费上的高额支出 议论文 难（0.4） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之人工智能(AI)的发展以及人类应如何设定AI的终极目标和优先级 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 3 人与社会之人们在临终时可能会感到幸福的现象 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之以种子培育为例，形象地讲出培养人的几个措施 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之教师自我同情的重要性 议论文 难（0.4）
【技巧点拨】
如何提高阅读议论文的速度和效率？（2）
临场技巧
明确阅读目的：在阅读议论文之前，先明确自己的阅读目的，是为了获取信息、了解观点、分析论证过程还是为了完成题目等。有了明确的目的，阅读时就能更有针对性地筛选信息，提高阅读效率。
先看首尾段和关键句：文章的首尾段通常会点明主题和总结观点，每段的首句和尾句往往是该段的中心句，表达了段落的主要内容。先快速浏览这些部分，能够对文章的整体结构和大致内容有一个初步的了解，为进一步阅读打下基础。
跳读和略读
跳读：对于一些与文章核心内容关系不大的举例、解释、补充说明等部分，可以采用跳读的方式，快速跳过这些内容，抓住文章的关键信息。
略读：对于一些熟悉的或者不太重要的内容，可以进行略读，快速扫视文字，了解其大致意思即可。比如，在阅读关于某个常见社会现象的议论文时，如果其中提到了一些大家都熟知的现象表现，就可以略读。
标记重要信息：在阅读过程中，用不同的符号或颜色标记出论点、论据、论证的关键语句以及表示逻辑关系的词语等重要信息，便于在答题或回顾文章时快速定位和查找。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
estimate A. 无知；愚昧
ignorance B. 不平等；不均衡
inequality C. 忽视；对…… 不予理会
ignore D. 估计；估算；估价
conventional E. 传统的；常规的；依照惯例的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
ridiculous A. 无数的；数不清的
numerous B. 荒谬的；可笑的；荒唐的
adapt C. 浪费地；奢侈地
wastefully D. 适应；改编；改写
unique E. 独特的；独一无二的；稀罕的
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
anxiety A. 偏见；偏心；偏袒
potential B. 组织；团体；机构
organization C. 焦虑；忧虑；担心
manipulation D. 潜在的；可能的；潜力
bias E. 操纵；控制；操作
答案：1 - C；2 - D；3 - B；4 - E；5 - A
第二组
enact A. 仁慈的；慈善的；乐善好施的
sympathetic B. 制定（法律）；通过（法案）；扮演
align C. 同情的；有同情心的；赞同的
benevolent D. 使结盟；使成一条直线；校准
challenge E. 挑战；质疑；考验
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - D；4 - A；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
fulfilment A. 临床的；诊所的
candid B. 满足感；成就感；履行
clinical C. 坦率的；坦诚的；直言不讳的
weird D. 奇怪的；怪异的；不可思议的
odd E. 古怪的；奇数的；单只的
答案：1 - B；2 - C；3 - A；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
insight A. 见解；洞察力；领悟
acknowledge B. 增强；提高；加强
enhance C. 承认；认可；致谢
cheerful D. 愉快的；高兴的；令人愉快的
sentiment E. 情绪；观点；感情
答案：1 - A；2 - C；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
metaphor A. 培育；养育；滋养
nurture B. 逆境；不幸；困境
adversity C. 隐喻；暗喻
optimistic D. 乐观的；乐观主义的
pessimism E. 悲观；悲观情绪；悲观主义
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
deliberate A. 故意的；蓄意的；慎重的
resilience B. 选择；挑选；选拔
select C. 坚韧不拔；弹性；恢复力
transform D. 改变；使改观；使变形
destiny E. 命运；天命；天数
答案：1 - A；2 - C；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
profession A. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire B. 职业；行业；专业
compassion C. 满足感；满意；欣慰
satisfaction D. 同情；怜悯；恻隐之心
responsibility E. 责任；职责；义务
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
isolate A. 内心的；内部的；精神的
inward B. 合并；使并入；包含
critic C. 使隔离；使孤立；使脱离
incorporate D. 批评家；评论家；批评者
enhance E. 提高；增强；增进
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - D；4 - B；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（2025·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）Americans spend more on lottery (彩票) tickets than movies, video games, and concerts combined. Leading the way are the lowest-income households, which spend an estimated $412 each year, four times the amount spent by the highest-income households. As financial writer Morgan Housel describes in his 2022 book, The Psychology of Money, “without $400 for an emergency, low-income lottery players are blowing their safety nets on something with a one-in-millions chance of making a fortune. While a player may occasionally get lucky, the more they play over lotteries, the likelier it is that their monetary losses will reach the intended average.”
So why do those living under the worst conditions spend so much more on them The financial knowledge might explain that this behavior is born purely of ignorance, but Housel and scientific researchers point to alternative psychological explanations. They highlighted the inequalities present in the U. S. and noted that low-income players may consider lotteries to be a “social equalizer” which creates hope for material improvement and a higher social status that cannot be achieved through conventional channels.
Is it really so ridiculous that a person laboring for 50 hours a week making $20 an hour would spend $10 a week on lottery tickets to, at least for a moment, entertain the dream of becoming rich A millionaire choosing to spend a tenth of their savings on a speedboat is arguably making a worse financial decision. The same could be said of an office worker making $100,000 a year spending S200 each week to dine out wastefully.
As Housel points out in his book, the numerous ways we can spend our money, and even the modern monetary system itself, have only been around for no more than decades. Our slow-to-adapt thinking systems are not well-prepared for making solid financial decisions in a rapidly changing world.
“We all do crazy things with money because we' re all relatively new to this game and what looks crazy to you might make sense to me,” Housel wrote. “But no one is crazy. We all make decisions based on our own unique experiences that seem to make sense to us in a given moment.”
1. What can be inferred from Paragraph 1
A. Those who earn more spend more on lottery tickets.
B. Americans like playing the lottery tickets best.
C. Low-income households can’t afford to spend money on lottery tickets.
D. Those who place expectations on lottery tickets may lose hope at last.
2. According to Housel, what accounts for the popularity of lottery tickets among low-income players
A. They want to fight against inequality.
B. They lack a sense of financial management.
C. They can have anticipation for better life.
D. They need entertainment to meet psychological demands.
3. Why are a millionaire and an office worker mentioned in Paragraph 3
A. To justify the consumption of lottery tickets.
B. To make a contrast between different spending patterns.
C. To emphasize the misuse of money in distinct areas.
D. To showcase their financial decisions on distributing money.
4. What’s Housel’s attitude towards the low-income lottery players
A. Dismissive. B. Admiring. C. Critical. D. Tolerant.
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. A 4. D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、议论文
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了美国低收入家庭在彩票消费上的高额支出，并分析了背后的心理原因及社会背景。
1. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Leading the way are the lowest-income households, which spend an estimated $412 each year, four times the amount spent by the highest-income households. As financial writer Morgan Housel describes in his 2022 book, The Psychology of Money, “without $400 for an emergency, low-income lottery players are blowing their safety nets on something with a one-in-millions chance of making a fortune. While a player may occasionally get lucky, the more they play over lotteries, the likelier it is that their monetary losses will reach the intended average.” (收入最低的家庭在这方面首当其冲，他们每年在彩票上的花费估计高达412美元，是收入最高家庭的四倍。正如财经作家Morgan Housel在其2022年的著作《金钱心理学》中所描述的那样：“低收入彩票玩家没有400美元的应急资金，却把这张安全网浪费在了中大奖几率只有百万分之一的事情上。虽然玩家偶尔也会走运，但玩彩票的次数越多，他们的金钱损失就越可能达到预期的平均水平。”)”可知，低收入家庭在彩票上的支出很高，且这种支出很可能导致他们的经济损失。由此可推断，对彩票寄予期望的人最终可能会失去希望，因为损失可能很大。故选D。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“They highlighted the inequalities present in the U.S. and noted that low-income players may consider lotteries to be a ‘social equalizer’ which creates hope for material improvement and a higher social status that cannot be achieved through conventional channels. (他们强调了美国存在的不平等现象，并指出低收入玩家可能会认为彩票是一种“社会均衡器”，能为物质条件的改善和更高社会地位带来希望，而这些是通过传统渠道无法实现的。)”可知，低收入玩家购买彩票是出于对更好生活的期待。故选C。
3. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Is it really so ridiculous that a person laboring for 50 hours a week making 10 a week on lottery tickets to, at least for a moment, entertain the dream of becoming rich A millionaire choosing to spend a tenth of their savings on a speedboat is arguably making a worse financial decision. The same could be said of an office worker making 200 each week to dine out wastefully”(一个人每周工作50个小时，每小时赚20美元，却每周花10美元买彩票，至少在一瞬间，沉浸在成为富人的梦想中，这真的很荒谬吗？一个百万富翁选择花十分之一的积蓄买一艘快艇，这可以说是一个更糟糕的财务决定。同样，一个年收入10万美元的上班族每周浪费200美元外出就餐，也是如此。)”可知，本段通过对比低收入工人买彩票、百万富翁买快艇和上班族浪费性外出就餐这三种消费行为，来为低收入工人购买彩票的行为辩护，说明这种行为并非完全不可理解或荒谬。故选A。
4. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““We all do crazy things with money because we're all relatively new to this game and what looks crazy to you might make sense to me,” Housel wrote. “But no one is crazy. We all make decisions based on our own unique experiences that seem to make sense to us in a given moment.” (“我们在金钱方面都会做些疯狂的事，因为我们都是这场游戏的新手，在你看来疯狂的事情对我来说可能是有道理的，”Housel写道。“但没有人是疯狂的。我们所有人都是基于自己在某一时刻看似合理的独特经历来做出决定的。”)”可知，Housel认为低收入玩家购买彩票的行为是基于他们自己的独特经历做出的决定，没有人是疯狂的，这表明他对低收入彩票玩家持宽容态度。故选D。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·北京东城·期末）The age of artificial intelligence has begun, and it brings plenty of anxieties. Almost all of the conversations about risk have to do with the potential consequences of AI systems pursuing goals that depart from what they were programmed to do and that are not in the interests of humans. But this is only one side of the danger. Imagine what could unfold if AI does do what humans want.
“What humans want,” of course, isn’t a monolith. Different people have countless ideas of what constitutes “the greater good.” Even if we could get everyone to focus on the well-being of the entire human species, it’s unlikely we’d be able to agree on what that might look like.
That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s “bad” is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). The potential problem goes beyond humans harming other humans. What’s “good” for humanity has, many times throughout history, come at the expense of other sentient (有知觉力的) beings. Such is the situation today.
In the US alone, we have billions of animals kept in confinement, subjected to cruel treatment, and denial of their basic psychological and physiological needs at any given time. Entire species are dominated and systemically butchered so that we can have omelets, burgers and shoes.
If AI does exactly what “we” want it to, that would likely mean enacting this mass cruelty more efficiently, at an even greater scale and with more automation and fewer opportunities for sympathetic humans to step in and flag anything particularly horrifying.
A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call “sentient alignment” — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. This will strike some as aggressive, because what’s good for all sentient life might not always agree with what’s good for humankind. It might sometimes, even often, be in opposition to what humans want or what would be best for the greatest number of us.
Peter Singer, a philosopher, argued that an AI system’s ultimate goals and priorities are more important than it being aligned with humans. “The question is really whether this super intelligent AI is going to be benevolent and want to produce a better world,” Singer said, “and even if we don’t control it, it still will produce a better world in which our interests will get taken into account.”
I’m with Singer on this. Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways.
5. The author mentions the organization founded by DeepMind to __________.
A. question a solution B. clarify a belief
C. illustrate an example D. explain a practice
6. Which of the following can best present the idea of “sentient alignment”
A. AI extends the same rights to living beings. B. AI promotes the interaction among species.
C. AI benefits from the development of humans. D. AI meets the demands of perceptive creatures.
7. What does the underlined word “benevolent” in Paragraph 7 probably mean
A. Ambitious. B. Generous. C. Resourceful. D. Competitive.
8. The author’s major concern in developing AI is that __________.
A. AI poses a threat to the world B. society’s morals are in decline
C. humans prioritize their own needs D. sentient beings deepen cultural biases
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. B 8. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、人工智能
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了人工智能(AI)的发展以及人类应如何设定AI的终极目标和优先级，提出了“有知觉力的协调”这一概念，即AI应符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，而不仅仅是人类的利益。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“That seems to be the reason that DeepMind recently founded an internal organization focused on AI safety and preventing its manipulation by bad actors. But it’s not ideal that what’s ‘bad’ is going to be determined by a handful of individuals at this one particular corporation — complete with their blind spots and personal and cultural biases (偏见). (这似乎就是DeepMind最近成立一个内部组织的原因，该组织专注于AI安全，并防止其被不良行为者操纵。但由这家特定公司的少数几个人来决定什么是“坏”的并不理想——他们也有自己的盲点以及个人和文化偏见)”可知，作者提到DeepMind成立的组织，是为了质疑这种由少数人决定AI“好坏”的解决方案。故选A项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第六段中“A better goal than aligning AI with humanity’ s immediate interests would be what I would call ‘sentient alignment’ — AI acting in accordance with the interests of all sentient beings, including humans, all other animals and, should it exist, sentient AI. (一个比将AI与人类眼前利益相一致更好的目标是我所称的“有知觉力的协调”——即AI的行为符合所有有知觉力生物的利益，包括人类、所有其他动物，以及如果存在的话，有知觉力的AI)”可知，“有知觉力的协调”指的是AI应满足所有有知觉力生物的需求。故选D项。
7. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“and want to produce a better world(并想要创造一个更好的世界)”可推知，“仁慈的，善良的”人工智能才会想要创造一个更好的世界，划线词benevolent与generous意思相近，意为“宽宏大量的，仁慈的”。故选B项。
8. 推理判断题。通读全文，尤其结合最后一段中“Decentering humankind to any extent, and especially to this extreme, is an idea that will challenge people. But that’s necessary if we’re to prevent our current belief from spreading in new and awful ways. (在任何程度上，尤其是极端程度上，将人类置于中心之外，都是一个将挑战人们的想法。但如果我们想要阻止我们当前的信念以新的、可怕的方式传播，这是必要的)”可知，文章指出人们关注人工智能按自身目标行事的风险，阐述了若人工智能按人类意愿可能带来大规模残忍情况，进而提出要考虑所有有知觉力生物利益的 “有知觉力的协调” 概念，都在强调不能只关注人类自身需求，要避免人类只优先考虑自己需求而忽视其他有知觉力生物的情况，即担心的是人类在发展AI时过于优先考虑自己的需求，而忽视了其他有知觉力生物的利益。故选C项。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·云南·阶段练习）Finding fulfilment at the end of life is not that unusual, as it’s possible to feel happiness alongside sadness, and other seemingly conflicting emotions. Simon Boas, who wrote a candid account of living with cancer, passed away on July 15 at the age of 47. He told the reporter: “My pain is under control and I’m terribly happy — it sounds weird to say, but I’m as happy as I’ve ever been in my life.”
It may seem odd that a person could be happy as the end draws near, but in my experience as a clinical psychologist working with people at the end of their lives, it’s not that uncommon. There is quite a lot of research suggesting that fear of death is at the unconscious center of being human. William James, an American philosopher, called the knowledge that we must die “the worm at the core” of the human condition.
But a study in Psychological Science shows that people nearing death use more positive language to describe their experience than those who just imagine death. This suggests that the experience of dying is more pleasant — or, at least, less unpleasant — than we might picture it.
In the BBC interview, Boas shared some of the insights that helped him come to accept his situation. He mentioned the importance of enjoying life and prioritizing meaningful experiences, suggesting that acknowledging death can enhance our appreciation for life.
Despite the pain and difficulties, Boas seemed cheerful, hoping his attitude would support his wife and parents during the difficult times ahead. Boas’s words echo the Roman philosopher Seneca who advised that: “To have lived long enough depends neither upon our years nor upon our days, but upon our minds.”
A more recent thinker expressing similar sentiments is the psychiatrist Viktor Frankl who laid the groundwork for a form of existential psychotherapy. Its most recent adaptation is meaning-centered psychotherapy, which offers people with cancer a way to improve their sense of meaning.
9. How did Simon Boas feel as his death was around the corner
A. Upset. B. Appreciative. C. Desperate. D. Delighted.
10. What can we learn from Paragraph 2
A. Death is the core in people’s lives.
B. Everyone holds fear in their hearts.
C. There are worms in people’s hearts.
D. Human beings can find ways to extend life span.
11. What can we learn from Boas
A. Ignoring death can promote our gratitude for life.
B. It is our mind that decides how long we can live.
C. To have lived long enough depends on our achievements.
D. Our years and days decide who we are.
12. What does the text mainly talk about
A. The life of Simon Boas living with cancer.
B. Things to make people happy when they are dying.
C. People’s tendency to feel happy when they are dying.
D. Ways of enhancing people’s sense of meaning.
【答案】9. D 10. B 11. B 12. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、社会问题与社会现象、议论文
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了人们在临终时可能会感到幸福的现象，并通过Simon Boas的故事以及相关的研究和哲学观点来阐述了这一观点。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“He told the reporter: “My pain is under control and I’m terribly happy — it sounds weird to say, but I’m as happy as I’ve ever been in my life.”(他告诉记者：“我的疼痛得到了控制，我非常高兴——这么说听起来很奇怪，但我现在是我一生中最快乐的时候。”)”可推知，根据Simon Boas的话，他在临终时感到非常快乐。故选D。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“There is quite a lot of research suggesting that fear of death is at the unconscious center of being human. William James, an American philosopher, called the knowledge that we must die “the worm at the core” of the human condition.(有很多研究表明，对死亡的恐惧是人类无意识的核心。美国哲学家威廉·詹姆斯将我们必须死亡的知识称为人类状况的“核心之虫”。)”可知，第二段提到，对死亡的恐惧是人类无意识的核心，这说明每个人心中都有对死亡的恐惧。故选B。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Boas’s words echo the Roman philosopher Seneca who advised that: “To have lived long enough depends neither upon our years nor upon our days, but upon our minds.”(Boas的话与罗马哲学家塞涅卡的建议相呼应：“活得够长既不在于我们的年数，也不在于我们的天数，而在于我们的思想。”)”可知，根据Boas的话和塞涅卡的观点，我们可以得出结论，是我们的思想决定我们能活多久。故选B。
12. 主旨大意题。根据文章第一段“Finding fulfilment at the end of life is not that unusual, as it’s possible to feel happiness alongside sadness, and other seemingly conflicting emotions.(在生命终结时找到满足感并不罕见，因为人们可能在悲伤和其他看似相互冲突的情绪中感受到幸福)”可知，本文主要讨论了人们在临终时可能会感到幸福的现象，并通过Simon Boas的故事以及相关的研究和哲学观点来阐述这一观点。由此可知，选项C“人们在临终时倾向于感到快乐”能够概括文章大意。故选C。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·天津河北·期末）William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success.
Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of failure and despair. To ensure our minds bear the fruits of our desires, it’s crucial to prepare the soil of our minds with the nutrients of education, health, and effective time management. These elements enrich our mental landscape, providing the ideal environment for our ambitions to take root and flourish.
The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap.
Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles.
Drawing everything together, the garden of our mind requires deliberate tending. By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams. The choice is ours: to plant the seeds of potential or to let the garden lie fallow (休耕). It is through this conscious cultivation that we can transform our minds from a plot overgrown with weeds into a garden blooming with the flowers of success and the fruits of meaningful contributions to society. The power to shape our destiny lies within us, and it begins with the thoughts we choose to plant today.
13. How does the author illustrate the concept of mental preparation
A. By explaining it as the cultivation of plants.
B. By relating it to the achievement of personal goals.
C. By associating it with the management of natural conditions.
D. By comparing it to the process of gardening and seed nurturing.
14. What can be inferred about our thoughts from Paragraph 2
A. They can be cultivated to yield positive results.
B. They can develop our effective time management.
C. They are directly responsible for all our successes.
D. They are unable to change a life filled with despair.
15. What does it suggest about thoughts and life outcomes according to Paragraph 3
A. Life outcomes are decided in advance. B. Life outcomes are the fruits of our desires.
C. Cultivating thoughts shapes life outcomes. D. Cultivating thoughts depends on life outcomes.
16. What is the main idea of Paragraph 4
A. The power of thoughts in shaping our lives and relationships.
B. The effect of optimism on overcoming life’s challenges.
C. The role of empathy in building a strong community.
D. The importance of personal success in society.
17. What conclusion can we draw from the passage
A. We cannot change our destiny. B. Cultivating positive thoughts matters.
C. Personal goals depend on social impact. D. Our thoughts can directly lead to success.
【答案】13. D 14. A 15. C 16. A 17. B
【难度】0.4
【知识点】方法/策略、哲理感悟、议论文
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者以种子培育为例，形象地讲出培养人的几个措施：做出好的规划，准备肥沃的土壤，选择正确的种子，精心培育，最后才有好收获。
13. 推理判断题。根据第一段“William Wordsworth’s metaphor, “Your mind is the garden, your thoughts are the seeds. The harvest can either be flowers or weeds,” resonates with the idea that our mental landscape is similar to a garden, where the seeds of our thoughts determine the nature of our lives. This concept suggests that the way we nurture our thoughts can significantly impact our personal development and success.(威廉·华兹华斯的比喻：“你的心灵是花园，你的思想是种子。”收获可以是花朵，也可以是杂草，”这与我们的精神景观类似于花园的观点产生共鸣，我们思想的种子决定了我们生活的本质。这个概念表明，我们培养思想的方式会对我们的个人发展和成功产生重大影响)”可知，作者将心理准备比喻成园艺和种子培育的过程来阐述这一概念。故选D。
14. 推理判断题。根据第二段“Our thoughts are the seeds that, when nurtured with care, can blossom into the flowers of success and happiness. Conversely, neglecting the cultivation of our thoughts can lead to a life overgrown with the weeds of failure and despair.(我们的思想是种子，只要悉心培育，就能开出成功和幸福的花朵。相反，忽视思想的培养会导致我们的生活长满失败和绝望的杂草)”可知，我们的思想可以被培养以产生积极的结果。故选A。
15. 细节理解题。根据第三段“The principle of sowing and reaping (收获) is as true for our lives as it is for a garden. Just as a gardener who plants tomatoes expects tomatoes, we should anticipate that the intentional cultivation of our thoughts will yield a corresponding harvest in life. Each of us holds the power to choose which seeds to plant, and thus, the responsibility for the outcomes we reap.(播种和收获的原则既适用于我们的生活，也适用于花园。正如种番茄的园丁期望有番茄一样，我们也应该期望有意识地培养自己的思想，从而在生活中获得相应的收获。我们每个人都有能力选择播下哪种种子，因此，对我们收获的结果负责)”可知，第三段暗示了培养思想塑造人生的结果。故选C。
16. 主旨大意题。根据第四段“Moreover, the impact of our thoughts extends beyond personal success; they also influence our relationships and societal contributions. Kind thoughts and actions can foster harmony and cooperation, while negative thoughts can lead to conflict and isolation. The choice to plant seeds of empathy and understanding can result in a life enriched by strong social bonds and a sense of community. Additionally, our thoughts can shape our resilience in the face of adversity, as optimistic thinking can guide us through challenges, whereas pessimism may hinder our ability to overcome obstacles.(此外，我们思想的影响超越了个人成功；它们还影响我们的人际关系和对社会的贡献。善良的思想和行为可以促进和谐与合作，而消极的思想会导致冲突和孤立。选择播下同理心和理解的种子，可以让你的生活充满强大的社会纽带和社区意识。此外，我们的思想可以塑造我们面对逆境的韧性，因为乐观的思想可以引导我们度过挑战，而悲观主义可能会阻碍我们克服障碍的能力)”可知，第四段的主旨是思想在塑造我们的生活和人际关系中的力量。故选A。
17. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“By selecting and nurturing positive thoughts, and by preparing the conditions for their growth, we can harvest a life rich with the fulfillment of our goals and dreams.(通过选择和培养积极的思想，通过为它们的成长准备条件，我们可以收获一个丰富的生活，实现我们的目标和梦想)”可知，培养积极的思想很重要。故选B。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·江苏泰州·阶段练习）Teaching is a caregiving profession. We all have that one teacher who inspired us to aim higher, choose a certain career path, or simply discover our passions. This role comes with not only many satisfactions, but lots of pressure to hold yourselves to a higher standard. The responsibilities of teachers only increased during the pandemic, so teachers had to show compassion for students and parents — often without expecting the same treatment. That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations.
However, where does that leave teachers Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher. During the pandemic, I failed to make my online classes as enjoyable as possible for my students. Later, it turned out that other teachers were having problems as well. I had zero reasons to feel so isolated in my experience. What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, “Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.” In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.
Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc. The inner critic has so much more “material” to work with when you’ re in front of a class. It’s no wonder that in stressful situations, it’s harder to control your self-talk. For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, “You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.”
It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students.
18. What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to
A. Teachers’ dedicating themselves to the cause of teaching.
B. Teachers’ showing great compassion for themselves.
C. Teachers’ suffering from unknown mental pressure.
D. Teachers’ failing to learn something in their careers.
19. Which of the following fits with Dr. Kristin Neff’s view on self-compassion
A. Self-compassion is hard for teachers to learn.
B. Self-compassion helps teachers understand students well.
C. The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get.
D. The more you understand others, the more self-compassion you’ll have.
20. What can be inferred from the example given in paragraph 3
A. Teachers’ responsibilities matter. B. Teachers have a lot of work pressure.
C. Teachers play a big role in students’ life. D. It’s normal for teachers to do wrong things.
21. What is mainly talked about in the text
A. The importance of teachers’ self-compassion.
B. The suggestions on raising future generations.
C. The necessity of reducing the burden on teachers.
D. The approaches to teachers’ growth and development.
【答案】18. A 19. C 20. B 21. A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】职业内容、情感、议论文
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要论述了教师自我同情的重要性，指出教育者通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关注，而在疫情期间，教师更需要自我同情来应对压力，同时自我同情也能对教学和学生产生积极影响。
18. 词句猜测题。第一段中“That’s why it’s so easy to think of teachers as selfless people that give it all for future generations.(这就是为什么很容易把老师看作是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切)”指出老师是无私的人，他们为下一代付出了一切；根据指代关系和第二段中“However, where does that leave teachers Educators are taught to do many things, but their education is usually lacking in addressing the emotional problems of being a teacher.(然而，那对教师来说意味着什么？教育者被教导要做很多事情，但他们的教育通常缺乏解决作为教师所面临的情感问题)”可知，尽管教育者为下一代付出了一切，但他们自己却通常缺乏对自身情感问题的关注。由此可推断出，指示代词“that”指代的是上文中“老师们无私地为教学事业奉献一切”的这一行为。故选A项。
19. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.’ In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.(该领域的主要研究人员克里斯汀·内夫博士说：“自我同情只是向内的同情。”换句话说，就是对自己表现出你通常对学生或生活中其他人表现出的同样的关心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力获得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你)”可知，克里斯汀·内夫博士认为自我同情就是对自己的同情，拥有更多的自我同情可以在生活的各个方面帮助你。由此推知，克里斯汀·内夫博士会赞同“The more self-compassion you have, the more benefits you’ll get.(你拥有的自我同情越多，你得到的益处就越多)”。故选C项。
20. 推理判断题。根据第三段中“Being a teacher comes with so many expectations and responsibilities. In theory, nobody’s perfect, but there’s great pressure to be a good role model, educator, mentor, etc.(作为一名教师，有很多期望和责任。从理论上讲，没有人是完美的，但要成为一个好的榜样、教育者、导师等等，压力是很大的)”和“For example, if you fail to upload a lesson on time, your inner critic will jump at the chance to say, ‘You’ re so forgetful, and I can’t believe you did this.’(例如，如果你没有按时上传课程，你内心的批评者会抓住机会说：‘你太健忘了，我不相信你竟然会这样做。’)”可知，本段通过未能按时上传课程的例子，说明了教师内心的批评者会如何利用这个机会来指责自己，由此可推断出，这个例子表明了教师的工作压力很大。故选B项。
21. 主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据第二段中“What I needed was self-compassion. According to Dr. Kristin Neff, a lead researcher in this field, ‘Self-compassion is simply compassion directed inwards.’ In other words, it’s about showing yourself the same care and understanding that you typically show students or other people in your life. Some people have more self-compassion than others, and working towards achieving more of it can help you in all aspects of your life.(我需要的是自我同情。该领域的主要研究人员克里斯汀·内夫博士说：“自我同情只是向内的同情。”换句话说，就是对自己表现出你通常对学生或生活中其他人表现出的同样的关心和理解。有些人的自我同情比其他人更多，努力获得更多的自我同情可以在你生活的方方面面帮助你)”和最后一段“It’s no secret that teachers are usually under a lot of stress. A part of the solution can be incorporating self-compassion into teaching, which can not only enhance a satisfactory job but also have a good effect on students.(众所周知，教师通常承受着很大的压力。解决方案的一部分可以是将自我同情融入教学中，这不仅可以提升工作的满意度，而且对学生也有好处)”可知，文章主要指出教师需要关注自身的情感问题，通过自我同情来应对压力，同时也能对教学产生积极影响，即论述了教师自我同情的重要性。故选A项。
