41.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之数字时代，学校课程重新引入草体书法的重要性 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之艺术、人文和社会科学学位的价值 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 4 人与社会之自身经历和行业观察，对科技公司未经授权抓取内容用于AI训练的行为表达了观点 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之同伴压力的正面影响 议论文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
如何快速准确地找到高考英语阅读理解议论文的论点？ 寻找论点
关注首尾段及段落首句
首段引入：许多英语议论文会在首段直接点明论点，或通过引入话题逐步引出论点。如文章首段以 “Nowadays, with the development of technology, people are increasingly relying on electronic devices. But is this really a good thing The answer may not be positive.” 引出对人们过度依赖电子设备现象的质疑，论点可能就是关于电子设备使用利弊等相关内容。
尾段总结：也有不少文章会在尾段总结归纳出论点，常伴有 “in conclusion”“therefore”“thus” 等标志性短语。如尾段以 “In conclusion, it is essential that we should strike a balance between work and leisure to lead a healthy and fulfilling life.” 表明论点是关于工作与休闲平衡的重要性。
段首总述：每段的首句往往是该段的中心句，体现段落的主要观点，有时也可能直接点明全文论点。若文章各段首句围绕一个核心话题展开论述，那么这个核心话题相关的观点很可能就是论点。
留意特殊标点和转折词
标点暗示：破折号、冒号等特殊标点符号有时会引出重要内容，可能是论点。如 “The key to success lies in one thing: perseverance.” 冒号后的 “perseverance” 就是与论点相关的关键内容。
转折引出：“but”“however”“yet” 等转折词之后，往往会出现作者真正想要表达的观点，很可能就是论点所在。如 “Many people believe that money can buy happiness. However, in my opinion, true happiness comes from within and cannot be purchased with money.” 中，“however” 之后的内容就是作者的论点。
分析标题和题干
标题关联：标题通常与文章的核心内容紧密相关，有些标题直接就是论点，如 “Is Online Learning the Future of Education ” 文章可能围绕在线学习是否是教育的未来展开论述，标题所表达的疑问就是文章要探讨的核心，论点可能就在对这一问题的回答中。
题干提示：阅读题干时，有时会出现与论点相关的信息，如 “What is the main idea of the passage ”“The author’s attitude towards...is...” 等，通过分析这些题干，可大致推测出文章的论点方向。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
award A. 预测；预言；预告
predict B. 革新；彻底改变；旋转
revolutionize C. 依赖；依靠；信赖
dependence D. 奖品；奖状；授予
empirical E. 经验主义的；完全根据经验的
第二组
domain A. 晶体管；电晶体
transistor B. 领域；域名；产业
intuitive C. 困境；障碍；故障
glitch D. 直观的；直觉的；凭直觉获知的
encode E. 编码；译码；把…… 译成电码
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
decline A. 象征；标志；符号
competence B. 流利；流畅；熟练
fluency C. 能力；胜任；技能
literacy D. 识字；读写能力；有文化
symbol E. 下降；衰退；谢绝
第二组
highlight A. 忽略；忽视；佯装未见
ignore B. 至关重要的；必不可少的
essential C. 强调；突出；使显著
ensure D. 确保；保证；担保
foundation E. 基础；地基；基金会
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
humanity A. 精通；熟练；娴熟
proficiency B. 地平线；视野；眼界
horizon C. 创业人；企业家
entrepreneur D. 人文科学；人性；人类
multicultural E. 多元文化的；多种文化融合的
第二组
interpret A. 主动性；倡议；主动权
initiative B. 转移；转让；调任
transferable C. 解释；口译；诠释
navigate D. 航行；导航；驾驶
diplomacy E. 外交；外交手腕；交际手段
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
scrape A. 补偿；赔偿；报酬
compensate B. 未经授权的；未经许可的
uncompensated C. 抓取；刮；擦
stun D. 使震惊；使昏迷；打昏
violation E. 违反；妨碍；侵害
第二组
prospective A. 剥削；利用；开发
exploit B. 万亿；兆
trillion C. 潜在的；预期的；未来的
counterproductive D. 适得其反的；产生相反效果的
abusive E. 辱骂的；滥用的；虐待的
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
reputation A. 渴望；欲望；愿望
desire B. 名声；名誉；声望
psychology C. 乐队；带子；波段
band D. 心理学；心理；心理特点
literature E. 文学；文学作品；文献
第二组
rejection A. 重新排列；重新布置；重新整理
rearrangement B. 偏见；偏心；偏袒
bias C. 拒绝；摒弃；驳回
tension D. 紧张；紧张局势；张力
commitment E. 承诺；保证；献身
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·北京丰台·期末）The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science
To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications.
Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150, 000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool.
Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too.
Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI
AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone.
Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not.
1. Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think ________.
A. it should have been awarded to more physicists
B. it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research
C. it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics
D. it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information
2. What does the word "catholicon" underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. A final solution. B. A big improvement.
C. A complete cure-all. D. A common obstacle.
3. What can we learn from this passage
A. AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches.
B. AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used.
C. AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience.
D. AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry.
4. What would be the best title for this passage
A. AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution
B. Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration
C. AI and Science: A New Era of Collaboration
D. Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries
C&D 2
（2024·全国·模拟预测）Teaching cursive handwriting (草体书法) has declined in many school programs, causing concern among older generations. In Canadian provinces like Ontario and Alberta, cursive is not required, reflecting a broader trend of focusing on what handwriting communicates rather than the skill itself. Alberta’s 2018 new curriculum (课程) mentions cursive but does not identify it as a competence. Apart from a longing for the past before the digital era, there are good reasons for cursive to make a comeback.
Researchers in handwriting and literacy found that fluency in printing and handwriting is crucial for literacy outcomes. Handwriting is an elegant witness to human literacy and a symbol of our unique communication abilities. Some argue that handwriting is irrelevant today, but it creates an internal model of letters that keyboarding does not. Research in neuroscience stresses the importance of automatic handwriting skills for reducing cognitive (认知的) load. By Grade 4, students face increased cognitive demands. Those with fluent handwriting have more working memory to organize and express complex ideas. In a study of Grade 4 students in Alberta, only half met the necessary handwriting level, which limits their ability to communicate complex vocabulary and ideas.
Evidence of the power of cursive handwriting is notable and has lasted throughout history. The Bixby Letter, associated with Abraham Lincoln, demonstrates how handwriting conveys care and imagination. Malala Yousafzai, through her handwriting, symbolizes personal agency and advocacy. Anne Frank’s diary similarly highlights the close connection between handwriting and identity. These examples show how handwriting not only reflects the individuality of the writer but also has the ability to create a lasting impact.
Ignoring cursive prevents children from having the confidence and expressive tools needed in a digital age. It’s high time people put cursive skills back on the school curricula to ensure that future generations can express themselves confidently and creatively. To improve literacy outcomes, schools should focus on teaching both printing and cursive handwriting from an early age. Teaching cursive alongside fine motor skills and spelling is essential for building strong literacy foundations.
5. What is the present situation of cursive handwriting
A. It is unfamiliar to old generations. B. It is on the way to regaining popularity.
C. It receives less attention in schools. D. It is putting printed texts in the shade.
6. How does fluent handwriting facilitate students’ communication
A. It eases their spelling difficulties. B. It frees up their mental capacity.
C. It stimulates their study motivations. D. It meets their cognitive demands.
7. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Significance of cursive handwriting. B. Examples of good handwriting.
C. Secrets hidden in personal letters. D. Expressions from famous figures.
8. Why should cursive handwriting be reintroduced in schools
A. To improve memory. B. To enhance creativity.
C. To ensure confidence in expression. D. To develop digital skills.
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·吉林·期末）The question every arts, humanities (人文) and social sciences student hears regularly, “what are you going to do with that ”, has become all the more important in the last few days. Suggestions that degrees in these subjects are somehow “less valuable” have resurfaced in light of the government’s review of post-18 education funding. But a recent British Academy project showed that such statements are quite wrong.
The research found that 58% of CEOs of the FTSE 100 Index companies have studied arts, either at the undergraduate or the postgraduate (本科或研究生) level. Arts graduates acquire skills in how to communicate and work with others, how to define a question and analyse the evidence to answer it, and how to work independently to solve problems with creativity. Such skills have never been more vital in a society where we need to work together across global boundaries.
Entrepreneurs (创业者，企业家) need individuals who can not only interpret data, but also explain to others what it means. Design, marketing and human relations are critical to industrial and commercial success and are dependent on understanding what it means to be human — something fundamental to the study of the arts, humanities and social sciences. And while our society is already multicultural, our proficiency in navigating international trade relations and security is only going to become more important. We need people with intercultural understanding and global awareness, who can negotiate with diplomacy (外交手段).
The report showed that the attitudes developed by studying the arts provide an ideal foundation for graduates to be able to take the initiative (措施) and explore new horizons. And that dedication and ability to constantly improve their own performance is reflected in the number of graduates from those subjects who go on to become CEOs and politicians.
So, when faced with the question, “what are you going to do with that ”, students and parents alike should feel secure in the knowledge that an arts, humanities or social sciences degree will equip them with a head start --- transferable skills that will be prized in our future economy. We don’t know what the jobs of tomorrow will look like, but understanding human behaviour and society is surely the best way to make the most of the changes coming our way.
9. Why does the author mention the study about CEOs
A. To show students’ preference for arts learning.
B. To indicate the current career trend of arts graduates.
C. To stress the significance of arts education in leadership.
D. To demonstrate the diversity of CEOs’ educational backgrounds.
10. What does the author think is essential for success in the business world
A. Identifying and managing security risks.
B. The proficiency in analyzing complex data.
C. The continuous innovation in marketing.
D. Understanding human nature and relationships.
11. What may studying arts enable students to do according to paragraph 4
A. Establish authority in politics.
B. Expand the network of relationships.
C. Build up trust and gain cooperation.
D. Seize opportunities and push boundaries.
12. Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A. It’s impossible to predict future skill needs in the economy.
B. It’s unreasonable to doubt the worth of arts education.
C. Arts learning equips students with better logical reasoning.
D. Humanities graduates have greater access to employment options.
C&D 4
（2025·重庆·模拟预测）After 25 years at Mumsnet, the UK’s most popular website for parents, I thought I’d seen it all with big tech, but Google’s push to change UK copyright law for uncompensated content scraping (抓取) left me stunned. We’ve experienced the direct impact of this, launching the first British legal action against OpenAI for scraping our content — likely for training its large language model (LLM) — — without approval, a clear copyright violation.
You might wonder why using online content for AI training is a problem, given Googles data collection for search purpose since the dawn of the Internet. When websites allow Google to access their data, they receive a clear return on investment: the heightened search traffic (流量) that originates from being listed in Google’s search rankings. In contrast, AI training is building models such as ChatGPT to provide the answers to any prospective questions, and that will mean people no longer need to go elsewhere for solutions. And it is building those models with illegally scraped content from the very websites it is ready to replace.
Allowing the AI companies to simply steal content isn’t just unfair to publishers who see no reward for the work they put in, or the risks they take, it’s also an existing threat to them and eventually counterproductive. If publishers disappear because the AIs have swept up all their traffic, then who’s left to produce the content to feed the AI models
Mumsnet is fortunate to be in a stronger position than many, as much of our traffic is direct, not search-engine driven. An Al chatbot can spit out a “Mumsnet-style” answer to a parenting question, but they’ll never be as funny about parking wars, and they’ll never offer the emotional support that helps around 1,000 women leave abusive partners each year. But if these trillion-dollar giants are allowed to exploit content producers, and get away with it, they will destroy many of them, and all the jobs dependent on them.
13. What’s the difference between Google’s data collection and AI training
A. AI training is more dependent on data diversity.
B. AI training enhances the quality of websites’ content.
C. Google’s data collection benefits websites with traffic.
D. Google’s data collection aims to build large language models.
14. What’s the ultimate effect of using unpaid content
A. Innovation in language models. B. Rejection of AI-generated data.
C. Wider accessibility to content. D. Decline of content supply.
15. What gives Mumsnet an advantage over AI chatbots
A. It has a distinctive question-and-answer style.
B. It covers a wide range of human concerns.
C. It features humanized interaction.
D. It boasts strong search function.
16. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To advocate the acceptance of content scraping.
B. To explore AI’s role in future content creation.
C. To voice worries over tech giant’s misuse of content.
D. To discuss the cooperation of tech giants and publishers.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）The negative nature of peer pressure is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that: peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.
Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can all achieve a common goal.
So how does it work Peer pressure — both positive and negative — follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not conform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel this tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this rearrangement of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a group as an “identity shift”.
The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias(偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring ways to use its power for good.
17. Why does the author raise the two questions about peer pressure in paragraph 1
A. To present misinterpretations of it. B. To encourage reflection on it.
C. To doubt the investigations into it. D. To show general perceptions of it.
18. What should student X do to fit into the band
A. Enhance her leadership. B. Stick to her old routines.
C. Learn to play more instruments. D. Invest more energy in playing the guitar.
19. What does the underlined word “dispel” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Hide. B. Sense. C. Remove. D. Display.
20. How does the author look at peer pressure
A. It can be put to good use.
B. It is an unwanted feature of human society.
C. It goes far beyond scientific explanation.
D. It has more advantages than disadvantages.41.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之数字时代，学校课程重新引入草体书法的重要性 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之艺术、人文和社会科学学位的价值 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 4 人与社会之自身经历和行业观察，对科技公司未经授权抓取内容用于AI训练的行为表达了观点 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之同伴压力的正面影响 议论文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
如何快速准确地找到高考英语阅读理解议论文的论点？ 寻找论点
关注首尾段及段落首句
首段引入：许多英语议论文会在首段直接点明论点，或通过引入话题逐步引出论点。如文章首段以 “Nowadays, with the development of technology, people are increasingly relying on electronic devices. But is this really a good thing The answer may not be positive.” 引出对人们过度依赖电子设备现象的质疑，论点可能就是关于电子设备使用利弊等相关内容。
尾段总结：也有不少文章会在尾段总结归纳出论点，常伴有 “in conclusion”“therefore”“thus” 等标志性短语。如尾段以 “In conclusion, it is essential that we should strike a balance between work and leisure to lead a healthy and fulfilling life.” 表明论点是关于工作与休闲平衡的重要性。
段首总述：每段的首句往往是该段的中心句，体现段落的主要观点，有时也可能直接点明全文论点。若文章各段首句围绕一个核心话题展开论述，那么这个核心话题相关的观点很可能就是论点。
留意特殊标点和转折词
标点暗示：破折号、冒号等特殊标点符号有时会引出重要内容，可能是论点。如 “The key to success lies in one thing: perseverance.” 冒号后的 “perseverance” 就是与论点相关的关键内容。
转折引出：“but”“however”“yet” 等转折词之后，往往会出现作者真正想要表达的观点，很可能就是论点所在。如 “Many people believe that money can buy happiness. However, in my opinion, true happiness comes from within and cannot be purchased with money.” 中，“however” 之后的内容就是作者的论点。
分析标题和题干
标题关联：标题通常与文章的核心内容紧密相关，有些标题直接就是论点，如 “Is Online Learning the Future of Education ” 文章可能围绕在线学习是否是教育的未来展开论述，标题所表达的疑问就是文章要探讨的核心，论点可能就在对这一问题的回答中。
题干提示：阅读题干时，有时会出现与论点相关的信息，如 “What is the main idea of the passage ”“The author’s attitude towards...is...” 等，通过分析这些题干，可大致推测出文章的论点方向。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
award A. 预测；预言；预告
predict B. 革新；彻底改变；旋转
revolutionize C. 依赖；依靠；信赖
dependence D. 奖品；奖状；授予
empirical E. 经验主义的；完全根据经验的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
domain A. 晶体管；电晶体
transistor B. 领域；域名；产业
intuitive C. 困境；障碍；故障
glitch D. 直观的；直觉的；凭直觉获知的
encode E. 编码；译码；把…… 译成电码
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
decline A. 象征；标志；符号
competence B. 流利；流畅；熟练
fluency C. 能力；胜任；技能
literacy D. 识字；读写能力；有文化
symbol E. 下降；衰退；谢绝
答案：1 - E；2 - C；3 - B；4 - D；5 - A
第二组
highlight A. 忽略；忽视；佯装未见
ignore B. 至关重要的；必不可少的
essential C. 强调；突出；使显著
ensure D. 确保；保证；担保
foundation E. 基础；地基；基金会
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
humanity A. 精通；熟练；娴熟
proficiency B. 地平线；视野；眼界
horizon C. 创业人；企业家
entrepreneur D. 人文科学；人性；人类
multicultural E. 多元文化的；多种文化融合的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
interpret A. 主动性；倡议；主动权
initiative B. 转移；转让；调任
transferable C. 解释；口译；诠释
navigate D. 航行；导航；驾驶
diplomacy E. 外交；外交手腕；交际手段
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
scrape A. 补偿；赔偿；报酬
compensate B. 未经授权的；未经许可的
uncompensated C. 抓取；刮；擦
stun D. 使震惊；使昏迷；打昏
violation E. 违反；妨碍；侵害
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
prospective A. 剥削；利用；开发
exploit B. 万亿；兆
trillion C. 潜在的；预期的；未来的
counterproductive D. 适得其反的；产生相反效果的
abusive E. 辱骂的；滥用的；虐待的
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
reputation A. 渴望；欲望；愿望
desire B. 名声；名誉；声望
psychology C. 乐队；带子；波段
band D. 心理学；心理；心理特点
literature E. 文学；文学作品；文献
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
rejection A. 重新排列；重新布置；重新整理
rearrangement B. 偏见；偏心；偏袒
bias C. 拒绝；摒弃；驳回
tension D. 紧张；紧张局势；张力
commitment E. 承诺；保证；献身
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·北京丰台·期末）The 2024 Nobel Prize in Physics was awarded for machine learning development and the Chemistry Nobel was for protein structure prediction via AI. Some said the physics prize wasn’t really physics. “AI is coming for science, too,” the New York Times concluded. With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science
To begin with, the physics prize went to Hinton and John Hopfield, a physicist, who discovered how the physical dynamics of a network can encode memory. Hopfield came up with an intuitive analogy: a ball, rolling across a bumpy landscape, will often “remember” to return to the same lowest valley. Hinton’s work extended Hopfield’s model. In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications.
Meanwhile, the Chemistry Nobel was awarded to biochemist David Baker and DeepMind researchers Demis Hassabis and John Jumper. Baker first developed software to design novel protein structures from scratch. Yet by 2018, of the roughly 200 million proteins cataloged in all genetic databases, only about 150, 000 had confirmed structures. Then Hassabis and Jumper introduced AlphaFold, which provided accurate folding structures for the rest. But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins. It’s not a catholicon for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool.
Many of these tools have disappeared into their uses. We rarely pause to consider the transistor (晶体管) (for which the 1956 physics prize was awarded) when we use electronics containing them by the billions. Some powerful machine-learning features are already on this path. The neural networks that provide accurate language translation or song recommendations in popular consumer software programs are simply part of the service. In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too.
Still a reasonable concern might be that such automation threatens the efforts of human scientists. As AI becomes essential to further scientific progress, will any prizes recognize work truly free of AI
AI can revolutionize science. It has already helped us see proteins with previously unimaginable clarity. Soon AIs may dream up new molecules for batteries. In short, they may do many things, some of which previously seemed impossible. But they have a crucial limitation tied to something wonderful about science: its empirical dependence on the real world, which cannot be overcome by computation alone.
Science also needs experimenters — human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics — its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not.
1. Regarding the Nobel Prize in Physics, the author might think ________.
A. it should have been awarded to more physicists
B. it aims to encourage physicists to engage in AI research
C. it is a recognition of the broad applications of AI in physics
D. it is justified for its focus on physical principles of information
2. What does the word "catholicon" underlined in Paragraph 3 probably mean
A. A final solution. B. A big improvement.
C. A complete cure-all. D. A common obstacle.
3. What can we learn from this passage
A. AI tools are restricted to specific scientific branches.
B. AI tools will become less noticeable once widely used.
C. AI will overcome its dependence on real-world experience.
D. AI poses a threat on traditional methods of scientific inquiry.
4. What would be the best title for this passage
A. AI and Science: Revolution or Evolution
B. Is AI Coming to End Scientific Exploration
C. AI and Science: A New Era of Collaboration
D. Is AI Dominant in Nobel-Winning Discoveries
【答案】1. D 2. C 3. B 4. B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】人工智能、议论文、科学技术
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联，探讨AI是否真的接管了科学。物理学奖实则是奖励关于信息物理原理的基础研究，并非AI及其应用。化学奖中，AI虽助力蛋白质结构预测，但仍有局限，并非万能。AI工具在科学等领域会逐渐平常化并退居幕后。人们担忧AI自动化威胁人类科学家的努力，未来是否有奖项认可无AI 参与的研究。AI虽能革新科学，却因依赖现实世界存在局限。科学仍需人类专家，通过实验和观察去探索宇宙，提出AI无法提出的问题。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In short, the Physics Nobel was awarded for fundamental research about the physical principles of information, not the broad umbrella of “AI” and its applications.( 简而言之，诺贝尔物理学奖授予了关于信息物理原理的基础研究，而不是“人工智能”及其应用的大保护伞。)”可知，关于诺贝尔物理学奖，作者可能会认为它是合理的，因为它关注的是信息的物理原理。故选D项。
2. 词义猜测题。根据第三段中“But even so, the AI has failed to predict defects in proteins.(但即便如此，人工智能也未能预测蛋白质的缺陷。)”以及划线单词句中“It’s not a …for every problem in protein folding, but rather an excellent tool.( 它并不是解决蛋白质折叠中所有问题的……，而是一个很好的工具。)”由此可知，此处为它并不是解决蛋白质折叠中所有问题的灵丹妙药。故可猜测划线单词catholicon为“灵丹妙药”的意思，和C选项A complete cure-all“包治百病”意思相近。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第四段中“In science, as in so many other domains, this trend suggests that when AI tools become commonplace, they will fade into the background, too.( 在科学领域，就像在许多其他领域一样，这一趋势表明，当人工智能工具变得司空见惯时，它们也会消失在背景中。)”可知，我们能从文章中了解到人工智能工具一旦被广泛使用，将变得不那么引人注目。故选B项。
4. 主旨大意题。根据文章大意以及第一段中“With powerful large language models, AIs can generate various outputs and even make Nobel-winning discoveries. But have AIs really taken over science ( 凭借强大的大型语言模型，人工智能可以产生各种输出，甚至可以获得诺贝尔奖的发现。但是人工智能真的接管了科学吗？)”和最后一段“Science also needs experimenters—human experts driven to study the universe, and who will ask questions an AI cannot. Physics—its core ethos is “that the world is understandable” in quantitative, predictive terms solely by careful experiment and observation. That real world still exists for future scientists to study, whether aided by AI or not.( 科学也需要实验者——被驱使去研究宇宙的人类专家，他们会提出人工智能无法提出的问题。物理学——它的核心精神是“世界是可以理解的”，仅仅通过仔细的实验和观察就可以定量地预测世界。不管有没有人工智能的帮助，这个真实的世界仍然存在，等待着未来的科学家去研究。)”可知，文章围绕2024年诺贝尔物理学奖和化学奖与AI的关联，探讨AI是否真的接管了科学。物理学奖实则是奖励关于信息物理原理的基础研究，并非AI及其应用。化学奖中，AI虽助力蛋白质结构预测，但仍有局限，并非万能。AI工具在科学等领域会逐渐平常化并退居幕后。人们担忧AI自动化威胁人类科学家的努力，未来是否有奖项认可无AI 参与的研究。AI虽能革新科学，却因依赖现实世界存在局限。科学仍需人类专家，通过实验和观察去探索宇宙，提出AI无法提出的问题。故这篇文章最好的标题是“人工智能将终结科学探索吗？”。故选B项。
C&D 2
（2024·全国·模拟预测）Teaching cursive handwriting (草体书法) has declined in many school programs, causing concern among older generations. In Canadian provinces like Ontario and Alberta, cursive is not required, reflecting a broader trend of focusing on what handwriting communicates rather than the skill itself. Alberta’s 2018 new curriculum (课程) mentions cursive but does not identify it as a competence. Apart from a longing for the past before the digital era, there are good reasons for cursive to make a comeback.
Researchers in handwriting and literacy found that fluency in printing and handwriting is crucial for literacy outcomes. Handwriting is an elegant witness to human literacy and a symbol of our unique communication abilities. Some argue that handwriting is irrelevant today, but it creates an internal model of letters that keyboarding does not. Research in neuroscience stresses the importance of automatic handwriting skills for reducing cognitive (认知的) load. By Grade 4, students face increased cognitive demands. Those with fluent handwriting have more working memory to organize and express complex ideas. In a study of Grade 4 students in Alberta, only half met the necessary handwriting level, which limits their ability to communicate complex vocabulary and ideas.
Evidence of the power of cursive handwriting is notable and has lasted throughout history. The Bixby Letter, associated with Abraham Lincoln, demonstrates how handwriting conveys care and imagination. Malala Yousafzai, through her handwriting, symbolizes personal agency and advocacy. Anne Frank’s diary similarly highlights the close connection between handwriting and identity. These examples show how handwriting not only reflects the individuality of the writer but also has the ability to create a lasting impact.
Ignoring cursive prevents children from having the confidence and expressive tools needed in a digital age. It’s high time people put cursive skills back on the school curricula to ensure that future generations can express themselves confidently and creatively. To improve literacy outcomes, schools should focus on teaching both printing and cursive handwriting from an early age. Teaching cursive alongside fine motor skills and spelling is essential for building strong literacy foundations.
5. What is the present situation of cursive handwriting
A. It is unfamiliar to old generations. B. It is on the way to regaining popularity.
C. It receives less attention in schools. D. It is putting printed texts in the shade.
6. How does fluent handwriting facilitate students’ communication
A. It eases their spelling difficulties. B. It frees up their mental capacity.
C. It stimulates their study motivations. D. It meets their cognitive demands.
7. What does paragraph 3 mainly talk about
A. Significance of cursive handwriting. B. Examples of good handwriting.
C. Secrets hidden in personal letters. D. Expressions from famous figures.
8. Why should cursive handwriting be reintroduced in schools
A. To improve memory. B. To enhance creativity.
C. To ensure confidence in expression. D. To develop digital skills.
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. A 8. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、议论文、书法
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章讨论了在数字时代，学校课程重新引入草体书法的重要性。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Teaching cursive handwriting (草体书法) has declined in many school programs, causing concern among older generations. In Canadian provinces like Ontario and Alberta, cursive is not required, reflecting a broader trend of focusing on what handwriting communicates rather than the skill itself. (在许多学校项目中，教授草体书写的课程已经减少，这引起了老一辈人的担忧。在加拿大的安大略省和阿尔伯塔省，不要求书写草书，这反映了一种更广泛的趋势，即关注书写传达的内容，而不是技能本身)”可知，目前草体书法在许多学校中受到的关注较少。故选C项。
6. 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Research in neuroscience stresses the importance of automatic handwriting skills for reducing cognitive (认知的) load. By Grade 4, students face increased cognitive demands. Those with fluent handwriting have more working memory to organize and express complex ideas.(神经科学研究强调了自动书写技能对于减少认知负荷的重要性。到了四年级，学生面临着越来越多的认知需求。那些书写流畅的人有更多的工作记忆来组织和表达复杂的想法)”可知，流畅的书法可以减轻认知负荷，并且使学生拥有更多的工作记忆来组织和表达复杂的想法，这说明流畅的书法可以释放学生的心智能力。故选B项。
7. 主旨大意题。根据第三段“Evidence of the power of cursive handwriting is notable and has lasted throughout history. The Bixby Letter, associated with Abraham Lincoln, demonstrates how handwriting conveys care and imagination. Malala Yousafzai, through her handwriting, symbolizes personal agency and advocacy. Anne Frank’s diary similarly highlights the close connection between handwriting and identity. These examples show how handwriting not only reflects the individuality of the writer but also has the ability to create a lasting impact.(草书书写力量的证据是值得注意的，并持续了整个历史。与亚伯拉罕·林肯有关的比克斯比信展示了笔迹是如何传达关怀和想象力的。马拉拉·优素福扎伊，通过她的笔迹，象征着个人的能动性和倡导。安妮·弗兰克的日记同样强调了笔迹和身份之间的密切联系。这些例子表明，笔迹不仅反映了作者的个性，而且具有创造持久影响的能力)”可知，第三段主要讲了草体书法的重要性。故选A项。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“It’s high time people put cursive skills back on the school curricula to ensure that future generations can express themselves confidently and creatively.(现在是时候将草书技能重新纳入学校课程，以确保后代能够自信而创造性地表达自己)”可推知，将草体书法重新纳入学校课程的做法，可以确保子孙后代能够自信且有创造性地表达自己。故选C项。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·吉林·期末）The question every arts, humanities (人文) and social sciences student hears regularly, “what are you going to do with that ”, has become all the more important in the last few days. Suggestions that degrees in these subjects are somehow “less valuable” have resurfaced in light of the government’s review of post-18 education funding. But a recent British Academy project showed that such statements are quite wrong.
The research found that 58% of CEOs of the FTSE 100 Index companies have studied arts, either at the undergraduate or the postgraduate (本科或研究生) level. Arts graduates acquire skills in how to communicate and work with others, how to define a question and analyse the evidence to answer it, and how to work independently to solve problems with creativity. Such skills have never been more vital in a society where we need to work together across global boundaries.
Entrepreneurs (创业者，企业家) need individuals who can not only interpret data, but also explain to others what it means. Design, marketing and human relations are critical to industrial and commercial success and are dependent on understanding what it means to be human — something fundamental to the study of the arts, humanities and social sciences. And while our society is already multicultural, our proficiency in navigating international trade relations and security is only going to become more important. We need people with intercultural understanding and global awareness, who can negotiate with diplomacy (外交手段).
The report showed that the attitudes developed by studying the arts provide an ideal foundation for graduates to be able to take the initiative (措施) and explore new horizons. And that dedication and ability to constantly improve their own performance is reflected in the number of graduates from those subjects who go on to become CEOs and politicians.
So, when faced with the question, “what are you going to do with that ”, students and parents alike should feel secure in the knowledge that an arts, humanities or social sciences degree will equip them with a head start --- transferable skills that will be prized in our future economy. We don’t know what the jobs of tomorrow will look like, but understanding human behaviour and society is surely the best way to make the most of the changes coming our way.
9. Why does the author mention the study about CEOs
A. To show students’ preference for arts learning.
B. To indicate the current career trend of arts graduates.
C. To stress the significance of arts education in leadership.
D. To demonstrate the diversity of CEOs’ educational backgrounds.
10. What does the author think is essential for success in the business world
A. Identifying and managing security risks.
B. The proficiency in analyzing complex data.
C. The continuous innovation in marketing.
D. Understanding human nature and relationships.
11. What may studying arts enable students to do according to paragraph 4
A. Establish authority in politics.
B. Expand the network of relationships.
C. Build up trust and gain cooperation.
D. Seize opportunities and push boundaries.
12. Which of the following will the author probably agree with
A. It’s impossible to predict future skill needs in the economy.
B. It’s unreasonable to doubt the worth of arts education.
C. Arts learning equips students with better logical reasoning.
D. Humanities graduates have greater access to employment options.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. D 12. B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、社会问题与社会现象
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了艺术、人文和社会科学学位的价值，通过引用研究结果和实例，反驳了认为这些学位“价值较低”的观点，强调了这些学科所培养的沟通、分析、解决问题、跨文化理解和全球意识等技能在未来社会和经济中的重要性。
9. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The research found that 58% of CEOs of the FTSE 100 Index companies have studied arts, either at the undergraduate or the postgraduate(本科或研究生)level. Arts graduates acquire skills in how to communicate and work with others, how to define a question and analyse the evidence to answer it, and how to work independently to solve problems with creativity. Such skills have never been more vital in a society where we need to work together across global boundaries.(研究发现，富时 100 指数成分股公司中，有 58% 的首席执行官（CEO）都曾攻读艺术专业，要么是本科阶段，要么是研究生阶段。艺术专业毕业生掌握了诸多技能，比如如何与他人沟通及协作，如何明确问题并分析证据以解答问题，以及如何独立工作并创造性地解决问题。在如今这个需要跨越全球界限开展合作的社会中，这些技能的重要性前所未有的凸显。)”可知，文章提到富时 100 指数成分股公司中 58% 的首席执行官（CEO）都曾攻读艺术专业，后文紧接着阐述了艺术专业毕业生所具备的如沟通协作、明确并分析问题、独立且创造性解决问题等诸多重要技能，这些技能对于领导岗位来说是很关键的，通过提及关于 CEO 的这项研究，意在强调艺术教育在培养领导力等方面所具有的重要意义。故选C。
10. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Design, marketing and human relations are critical to industrial and commercial success and are dependent on understanding what it means to be human --- something fundamental to the study of the arts, humanities and social sciences.(设计、营销以及人际关系对工商业的成功至关重要，而这些都依赖于对人性的理解——这是艺术、人文和社会科学研究的基本内容。)”可知，作者认为在商业世界中取得成功的关键是理解人性和人际关系。故选D。
11. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“The report showed that the attitudes developed by studying the arts provide an ideal foundation for graduates to be able to take the initiative(措施)and explore new horizons.(该报告显示，通过学习艺术所培养出的思维态度为毕业生提供了一个理想的基础，使其能够采取主动并开拓新的视野。)”可知，通过学习艺术所培养出的态度为毕业生提供了一个理想的基础，使他们能够采取主动并开拓新的视野，也就是说学习艺术能够让学生抓住机会并突破界限。故选D。
12. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段“Suggestions that degrees in these subjects are somehow “less valuable” have resurfaced in light of the government’s review of post-18 education funding. But a recent British Academy project showed that such statements are quite wrong.(鉴于政府对 18 岁后教育经费的审查，有关这些学科的学位在某种程度上“价值较低”的说法又重新冒了出来。但英国皇家学会最近的一个项目表明，这类说法是完全错误的。)”说明作者认为艺术教育的价值被低估了，怀疑其价值是不合理的。故选B。
C&D 4
（2025·重庆·模拟预测）After 25 years at Mumsnet, the UK’s most popular website for parents, I thought I’d seen it all with big tech, but Google’s push to change UK copyright law for uncompensated content scraping (抓取) left me stunned. We’ve experienced the direct impact of this, launching the first British legal action against OpenAI for scraping our content — likely for training its large language model (LLM) — — without approval, a clear copyright violation.
You might wonder why using online content for AI training is a problem, given Googles data collection for search purpose since the dawn of the Internet. When websites allow Google to access their data, they receive a clear return on investment: the heightened search traffic (流量) that originates from being listed in Google’s search rankings. In contrast, AI training is building models such as ChatGPT to provide the answers to any prospective questions, and that will mean people no longer need to go elsewhere for solutions. And it is building those models with illegally scraped content from the very websites it is ready to replace.
Allowing the AI companies to simply steal content isn’t just unfair to publishers who see no reward for the work they put in, or the risks they take, it’s also an existing threat to them and eventually counterproductive. If publishers disappear because the AIs have swept up all their traffic, then who’s left to produce the content to feed the AI models
Mumsnet is fortunate to be in a stronger position than many, as much of our traffic is direct, not search-engine driven. An Al chatbot can spit out a “Mumsnet-style” answer to a parenting question, but they’ll never be as funny about parking wars, and they’ll never offer the emotional support that helps around 1,000 women leave abusive partners each year. But if these trillion-dollar giants are allowed to exploit content producers, and get away with it, they will destroy many of them, and all the jobs dependent on them.
13. What’s the difference between Google’s data collection and AI training
A. AI training is more dependent on data diversity.
B. AI training enhances the quality of websites’ content.
C. Google’s data collection benefits websites with traffic.
D. Google’s data collection aims to build large language models.
14. What’s the ultimate effect of using unpaid content
A. Innovation in language models. B. Rejection of AI-generated data.
C. Wider accessibility to content. D. Decline of content supply.
15. What gives Mumsnet an advantage over AI chatbots
A. It has a distinctive question-and-answer style.
B. It covers a wide range of human concerns.
C. It features humanized interaction.
D. It boasts strong search function.
16. What’s the purpose of the text
A. To advocate the acceptance of content scraping.
B. To explore AI’s role in future content creation.
C. To voice worries over tech giant’s misuse of content.
D. To discuss the cooperation of tech giants and publishers.
【答案】13. C 14. D 15. C 16. C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】信息技术 、社会问题与社会现象、议论文
【导语】这是一篇议论文。作者结合自身经历和行业观察，对科技公司未经授权抓取内容用于AI训练的行为表达了观点，并探讨了这种行为对内容创作者及整个互联网生态系统的潜在影响。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“When websites allow Google to access their data, they receive a clear return on investment: the heightened search traffic (流量) that originates from being listed in Google’s search rankings. In contrast, AI training is building models such as ChatGPT to provide the answers to any prospective questions, and that will mean people no longer need to go elsewhere for solutions. (当网站允许谷歌访问其数据时，他们会获得明确的投资回报：在谷歌的搜索排名中列出的搜索流量增加。相比之下，人工智能培训正在构建ChatGPT等模型，以提供任何潜在问题的答案，这意味着人们不再需要去其他地方寻求解决方案。)”可知，谷歌的数据收集能让网站获得流量方面的好处，而人工智能训练是为了构建模型来直接提供答案，让人们无需再去别处找答案。二者存在这样的区别。故选C项。
14. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“If publishers disappear because the AIs have swept up all their traffic, then who’s left to produce the content to feed the AI models (如果出版商因为人工智能席卷了他们所有的流量而消失，那么还有谁来制作内容来为人工智能模型提供信息呢？)”可知，如果内容生产者消失，那么就没有人为AI模型提供内容了，因此，可以得知使用未付费的内容最终会导致内容供应的减少。故选D项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“An Al chatbot can spit out a “Mumsnet-style” answer to a parenting question, but they’ll never be as funny about parking wars, and they’ll never offer the emotional support that helps around 1,000 women leave abusive partners each year. (一个人工智能聊天机器人可以对育儿问题给出“妈妈式”的答案，但它们永远不会对停车战那么有趣，也永远不会提供每年帮助大约1000名女性离开虐待伴侣的情感支持。)”可知，Mumsnet相比人工智能聊天机器人的优势在于它有人性化的互动，能提供情感支持等。故选C项。
16. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“We’ve experienced the direct impact of this, launching the first British legal action against OpenAI for scraping our content — likely for training its large language model (LLM) — — without approval, a clear copyright violation. (我们经历了这一事件的直接影响，英国首次对OpenAI提起法律诉讼，指控其未经批准抓取我们的内容——可能是为了训练其大型语言模型（LLM）——这显然侵犯了版权。)”和文章第三段“If publishers disappear because the AIs have swept up all their traffic, then who’s left to produce the content to feed the AI models (如果出版商因为人工智能席卷了他们所有的流量而消失，那么还有谁来制作内容来为人工智能模型提供信息呢？)”可知，作者对于科技公司未经授权抓取内容的行为表示担忧，以及它对内容创造者和出版商的潜在负面影响。因此，文章的目的是表达对科技巨头滥用内容的担忧。故选C项。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·湖南·阶段练习）The negative nature of peer pressure is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that: peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.
Many studies suggest that peer pressure and the desire to conform (顺从) are simply a part of being human. Humans, after all, are highly social beings. If humans are hard-wired to respond to peer pressure, then it makes sense to examine how it can be used to change behavior in a positive way. Imagine a situation: student X has always enjoyed playing the guitar but is lazy and unmotivated. Although initially unwilling, she is persuaded to join a school band. The group of students is preparing for a performance and the existing members are enthusiastic, focused and hardworking. Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can all achieve a common goal.
So how does it work Peer pressure — both positive and negative — follows a recognizable psychological process. If student X does not conform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection. To dispel this tension, student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice. Some psychologists describe this rearrangement of personal goals or standards to achieve harmony as part of a group as an “identity shift”.
The key to understanding the concept of peer pressure and its power over humans is to closely examine the science of the process, rather than focus on its negative aspects. Providing a one-dimensional view of the concept encourages the bias(偏见) that peer pressure is a strictly undesirable feature of human society. Instead, we should be exploring ways to use its power for good.
17. Why does the author raise the two questions about peer pressure in paragraph 1
A. To present misinterpretations of it. B. To encourage reflection on it.
C. To doubt the investigations into it. D. To show general perceptions of it.
18. What should student X do to fit into the band
A. Enhance her leadership. B. Stick to her old routines.
C. Learn to play more instruments. D. Invest more energy in playing the guitar.
19. What does the underlined word “dispel” in paragraph 3 mean
A. Hide. B. Sense. C. Remove. D. Display.
20. How does the author look at peer pressure
A. It can be put to good use.
B. It is an unwanted feature of human society.
C. It goes far beyond scientific explanation.
D. It has more advantages than disadvantages.
【答案】17. B 18. D 19. C 20. A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】科普知识 、议论文
【导语】本文是议论文。文章讨论了同伴压力的正面影响，并通过学生X的例子，强调同伴压力在激发积极行为和个人发展方面的潜力。
17. 推理判断题。根据第一段“The negative nature of peer pressure is often presented without question. The undesirable effect of peer pressure cannot be denied, but is it also possible that peer pressure might not entirely deserve its bad reputation Could peer pressure also have positive effects on the personal development and behavior of young people A look at the scientific literature reveals exactly that: peer pressure is not always a force for the dark side.(同辈压力的消极性质通常是毫无疑问的。同伴压力的不良影响是不可否认的，但是否也有可能同伴压力并不完全配得上它的坏名声呢？同辈压力是否也会对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响？科学文献揭示了这一点：同辈压力并不总是黑暗面的力量)”可知，作者在第一段首先指出同伴压力的负面影响毋庸置疑, 接着提出了两个问题: 同伴压力是否也有可能不完全是负面的 同伴压力是否也会对年轻人的个人发展和行为产生积极影响 作者最后指出, 科学文献表明同伴压力并不总是负面的。由此可推知，作者提出这两个问题是为了引起人们对同伴压力的反思，从而提出自己的观点——同伴压力并不总是负面的。故选B。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Gradually, student X is caught up in the spirit of the band and before long she is willingly making the same commitment of time and effort so they can all achieve a common goal.(渐渐地，学生X被乐队的精神所吸引，不久之后，她愿意付出同样的时间和精力，这样他们就可以实现一个共同的目标)”和第三段“If student X does not conform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection.(如果学生X不符合乐队的既定文化，她就有被拒绝的风险)”可知，如果学生 X 想融入乐队，就需要和成员们一起努力，投入更多时间和精力练习吉他。故选D。
19. 词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“If student X does not conform to the established culture of the band, she risks rejection.(如果学生X不符合乐队的既定文化，她就有被拒绝的风险)”以及后文“student X changes her habits and increases the amount of time and energy she devotes to practice(学生X改变了自己的习惯，增加了练习的时间和精力)”可知，学生X改变了她的习惯，投入了更多的时间和精力练习，她这样做就是为了不被排斥，即为了消除由于害怕被排斥而带来的紧张。故划线词意思是“消除”。故选C。
20. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Instead, we should be exploring ways to use its power for good.(相反，我们应该探索如何利用它的力量做好事)”可知，作者认为同伴压力可以被很好地利用起来。故选A。
