44.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之支持手机进校园的观点，也阐述了反对的立场 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之失败在个人成长、学习以及创新中的重要性 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之人类的基本道德品质是相近的，文化、思想也是相互交流的 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之科学的真实面貌，驳斥了科学浪漫化的刻板印象 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 5 人与社会之讨论习惯与僵化对个人生活的影响 议论文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解议论文的解题技巧包括理解文章、分析题目和验证答案等方面，以下是一些具体技巧：
理解文章
抓论点：通常出现在文章开头，开门见山提出作者观点；也可能在结尾，总结归纳得出论点；少数情况下在文章中间，通过转折等方式引出。此外，一些标志性词汇如 “in my opinion”“I think”“therefore”“thus” 等附近往往会出现论点。
理结构：常见结构有 “总 - 分 - 总”“总 - 分”“分 - 总” 等。“总 - 分 - 总” 结构中，开头提出论点，中间分点论证，结尾总结升华；“总 - 分” 结构是开头提出论点后，下文围绕论点展开论述；“分 - 总” 结构则是先进行分析论证，最后得出结论。把握结构有助于快速理清文章脉络，理解各部分的作用和关系。
辨论据：事实论据包括具体事例、数据、现象等，具有直观性；道理论据有名人名言、科学原理、公理等，具有权威性。明确论据类型，能更好地理解其对论点的支撑作用，也有助于区分论点和论据，避免混淆。
分析题目
细节理解题：根据题干中的关键词，如人名、地名、时间、数字等，在文中定位相关信息。要注意选项可能是对原文的同义替换、改写或概括，需仔细比对，确保选项内容与原文完全一致，避免被干扰项误导，如偷换概念、以偏概全、无中生有等。
主旨大意题：可从文章的首尾段、各段首句等寻找关键信息，总结文章的核心内容。选项应涵盖文章的主要观点和关键信息，不能过于片面或宽泛。如果选项只涉及文章的某一部分内容，一般不是正确答案；如果选项内容过于笼统，超出了文章的论述范围，也应排除。
推理判断题：这类题目要求根据文章内容进行合理推断，不能直接从文中找到答案。要依据文章的细节、逻辑关系等进行推理，注意推理的合理性和客观性，不能过度推理或主观臆断。同时，要留意作者的态度和观点，以及文章的语气和措辞，这些都有助于做出正确的推断。
词义猜测题：通过上下文的语境、句子之间的逻辑关系来推测词义。可以利用同义词、反义词、定义、解释、举例等线索进行判断。如果该词是一个熟悉的词，要注意其在文中可能具有特殊含义，不能仅仅根据常见词义来选择答案，要结合具体语境进行分析。
验证答案
回文定位：将所选答案与文中相关内容进行再次核对，确保答案有明确的依据，且与原文内容相符。特别是对于一些细节题和推理题，要找到具体的句子或段落来支持所选答案。
逻辑检验：从文章的整体逻辑和上下文的连贯性角度来检验答案。答案应与文章的主旨、作者的观点以及段落之间的逻辑关系相一致，不能出现逻辑矛盾或与文章整体氛围不符的情况。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
debate A. 分散注意力的事物
distraction B. 监护人；保护人
guardian C. 紧急情况；突发事件
emergency D. 反对者；对手
opponent E. 辩论；争论；讨论
答案：1 - E；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
notification A. 减少；降低；减少量
decrease B. 不平等；不均衡；不平均
inequality C. 通知；通告；布告
supervise D. 监督；管理；指导
administrator E. 管理人员；行政人员；管理人
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
confront A. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
resilience B. 创新；革新；新方法
innovation C. 面对；遭遇；对抗
inspiration D. 挫折；阻碍；失败
setback E. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
第二组
embrace A. 版本；说法；译本
version B. 包含；包括；涉及
involve C. 促进；推动；提升
promote D. 接受；欣然采纳；拥抱
essential E. 必不可少的；本质的；基本的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
continent A. 相对地；比较地
comparatively B. 事件；事变；插曲
incident C. 大陆；洲；陆地
origin D. 确定；识别；认出
identify E. 起源；出身；源头
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
第二组
significance A. 基本的；基础的；基本要素
basic B. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize C. 贸易商；商人；商船
trader D. 意义；重要性；意思
virtue E. 美德；优点；贞操
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
romanticize A. 丰富；充裕；大量
abundance B. 估计；估算；估价
estimate C. 使浪漫化；使理想化；夸张
symptom D. 症状；征兆；征候
definite E. 明确的；一定的；肯定的
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
complexity A. 争议；争论；辩论
controversy B. 特性；性质；财产
property C. 社区；团体；共同体
community D. 复杂性；复杂的事物
collective E. 集体的；共同的；集体
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
existentialist A. 日常事务；例行公事；常规
routine B. 存在主义者
restrict C. 功能；作用；运转
function D. 转变；转移；改变
shift E. 限制；约束；限定
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - E；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
midlife A. 主观的；个人的；主观上的
subjective B. 探索；探究；探险
explore C. 中年；中年时期
pattern D. 舒适；安慰；使舒适
comfort E. 模式；图案；样式
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
debate A. 分散注意力的事物
distraction B. 监护人；保护人
guardian C. 紧急情况；突发事件
emergency D. 反对者；对手
opponent E. 辩论；争论；讨论
答案：1 - E；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
notification A. 减少；降低；减少量
decrease B. 不平等；不均衡；不平均
inequality C. 通知；通告；布告
supervise D. 监督；管理；指导
administrator E. 管理人员；行政人员；管理人
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
confront A. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
resilience B. 创新；革新；新方法
innovation C. 面对；遭遇；对抗
inspiration D. 挫折；阻碍；失败
setback E. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
第二组
embrace A. 版本；说法；译本
version B. 包含；包括；涉及
involve C. 促进；推动；提升
promote D. 接受；欣然采纳；拥抱
essential E. 必不可少的；本质的；基本的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
continent A. 相对地；比较地
comparatively B. 事件；事变；插曲
incident C. 大陆；洲；陆地
origin D. 确定；识别；认出
identify E. 起源；出身；源头
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
第二组
significance A. 基本的；基础的；基本要素
basic B. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize C. 贸易商；商人；商船
trader D. 意义；重要性；意思
virtue E. 美德；优点；贞操
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
romanticize A. 丰富；充裕；大量
abundance B. 估计；估算；估价
estimate C. 使浪漫化；使理想化；夸张
symptom D. 症状；征兆；征候
definite E. 明确的；一定的；肯定的
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
complexity A. 争议；争论；辩论
controversy B. 特性；性质；财产
property C. 社区；团体；共同体
community D. 复杂性；复杂的事物
collective E. 集体的；共同的；集体
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
existentialist A. 日常事务；例行公事；常规
routine B. 存在主义者
restrict C. 功能；作用；运转
function D. 转变；转移；改变
shift E. 限制；约束；限定
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - E；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
midlife A. 主观的；个人的；主观上的
subjective B. 探索；探究；探险
explore C. 中年；中年时期
pattern D. 舒适；安慰；使舒适
comfort E. 模式；图案；样式
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·甘肃定西·阶段练习）In recent years, the issue of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones in school has been widely debated. Some people believe that mobile phones can be a useful educational tool, while others argue that they are a distraction and can have a negative impact on students’ learning and social development.
Those in favor of allowing mobile phones in school point out that they can provide instant access to information. For example, students can use them to look up words they don’t understand during a reading assignment or to research a topic for a class project. Mobile phones can also be used as a learning aid in language classes, where students can listen to audio recordings or use language learning apps. In addition, in case of an emergency, students can quickly contact their parents or guardians.
However, opponents of mobile phone use in school have valid concerns. Many students are easily distracted by the various functions of mobile phones, such as social media, games, and texting. This distraction can lead to a decrease in concentration during class and a lower quality of learning. Moreover, the use of mobile phones can disrupt the classroom environment, with notifications and ringtones interrupting the flow of instruction. There is also the issue of cyberbullying, which can occur through mobile phone communication and have a serious impact on students’ mental health.
Another aspect to consider is the potential for mobile phones to create a sense of inequality among students. Some students may have more expensive and advanced mobile phones with better features, which could lead to feelings of envy or inferiority. This may affect their self-esteem and relationships with peers.
In conclusion, while mobile phones do offer certain benefits, the drawbacks associated with their use in school cannot be ignored. A balanced approach is needed, perhaps by allowing limited and supervised use of mobile phones for educational purposes only. School administrators and teachers should work together to establish clear rules and guidelines to ensure that mobile phones are used in a way that maximizes their educational value and minimizes the negative impacts.
1. What is the main idea of the text
A. To introduce the functions of mobile phones.
B. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to use mobile phones in school.
C. To explain how mobile phones can be used as a learning aid.
D. To describe the problems caused by mobile phones in school.
2. According to the text, which of the following is an advantage of using mobile phones in school
A. They can help students avoid distractions.
B. They can make students more popular.
C. They can provide access to information for learning.
D. They can replace teachers in some cases.
3. What is the concern of those who oppose mobile phone use in school
A. Mobile phones are too expensive for students.
B. Mobile phones may cause students to be addicted to games.
C. Mobile phones can disrupt the classroom environment and affect students' learning.
D. Mobile phones are not advanced enough for educational use.
4. What does the author suggest in the end
A. Banning mobile phones completely in school.
B. Allowing students to use mobile phones freely.
C. Adopting a balanced approach to mobile phone use in school.
D. Letting students decide whether to use mobile phones or not.
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、社会问题与社会现象、学校生活
【导语】本文是议论文。文章围绕“学生是否应该在学校使用手机”这一议题进行了深入的探讨，既呈现了支持手机进校园的观点，也阐述了反对的立场，并在结尾提出了一个平衡的解决方案。
1. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In recent years, the issue of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones in school has been widely debated. Some people believe that mobile phones can be a useful educational tool, while others argue that they are a distraction and can have a negative impact on students’ learning and social development.(近年来，学生是否应该被允许在学校使用手机的问题引起了广泛的争论。一些人认为手机是一种有用的教育工具，而另一些人则认为手机会分散注意力，对学生的学习和社会发展产生负面影响)”以及纵观全文可知，开篇提出学生在学校是否应被允许使用手机这一争议话题，接着分别阐述了支持和反对的观点，最后得出需要采取平衡方法的结论，主要讨论的是允许学生在学校使用手机的利弊。故选B项。
2. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Those in favor of allowing mobile phones in school point out that they can provide instant access to information.(那些赞成在学校使用手机的人指出，手机可以提供即时获取信息的途径)”可知，在学校使用手机的一个优点是能为学习提供信息获取途径。故选C项。
3. 细节理解题。根据第三段“However, opponents of mobile phone use in school have valid concerns. Many students are easily distracted by the various functions of mobile phones, such as social media, games, and texting. This distraction can lead to a decrease in concentration during class and a lower quality of learning. Moreover, the use of mobile phones can disrupt the classroom environment, with notifications and ringtones interrupting the flow of instruction. There is also the issue of cyberbullying, which can occur through mobile phone communication and have a serious impact on students’ mental health.(然而，反对在学校使用手机的人有理由担心。许多学生很容易被手机的各种功能分散注意力，比如社交媒体、游戏和短信。这种分心会导致上课时注意力不集中，学习质量下降。此外，使用手机会扰乱课堂环境，通知和铃声会打断教学流程。还有网络欺凌的问题，它可以通过手机通信发生，并对学生的心理健康产生严重影响)”可知，反对者担心手机会扰乱课堂环境并影响学生学习。故选C项。
4. 细节理解题。根据最后一段“In conclusion, while mobile phones do offer certain benefits, the drawbacks associated with their use in school cannot be ignored. A balanced approach is needed, perhaps by allowing limited and supervised use of mobile phones for educational purposes only. School administrators and teachers should work together to establish clear rules and guidelines to ensure that mobile phones are used in a way that maximizes their educational value and minimizes the negative impacts.(总之，虽然手机确实提供了一些好处，但在学校使用手机的缺点也不容忽视。需要一种平衡的方法，也许可以允许有限度地和有监督地使用手机，仅用于教育目的。学校管理人员和教师应该共同努力，建立明确的规则和指导方针，以确保手机的使用方式，最大限度地发挥其教育价值和最小化的负面影响)”可知，作者提出采取平衡的方法在学校使用移动电话。故选C项。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·甘肃天水·阶段练习）The Importance of Failure
Failure is often seen as a negative experience. People tend to avoid failure at all costs, fearing the disappointment and embarrassment that it may bring. However, failure is an essential part of life and can actually be a valuable learning opportunity.
Failure forces us to confront our limitations and weaknesses. When we fail, we are forced to take a hard look at ourselves and identify areas where we need to improve. This self-reflection can lead to personal growth and development. For example, a student who fails an exam may realize that they need to study more effectively or seek additional help. By addressing these weaknesses, they can improve their performance in the future.
Failure also teaches us resilience and perseverance. When we experience failure, we are faced with the choice of giving up or persevering. Those who choose to persevere in the face of failure are often the ones who achieve great success. Thomas Edison, for example, failed thousands of times before he finally succeeded in inventing the light bulb. His perseverance in the face of repeated failure is an inspiration to us all.
Moreover, failure can lead to innovation. When we fail, we are often forced to think outside the box and come up with new solutions. This creative thinking can lead to breakthroughs and new inventions. For instance, the development of the airplane was the result of many failures and setbacks. The inventors had to constantly revise their designs and try new approaches until they finally succeeded.
In conclusion, failure should not be feared but embraced. It is through failure that we learn, grow, and become better versions of ourselves.
5. What is the common view of failure
A. It is a valuable learning opportunity. B. It is an essential part of life.
C. It is a negative experience to be avoided. D. It leads to innovation.
6. How can failure contribute to personal growth
A. By making us more confident. B. By forcing us to confront our limitations.
C. By teaching us to give up easily. D. By reducing our embarrassment.
7. What can we learn from Thomas Edison's story
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
C. Perseverance in the face of failure leads to success.
D. Innovation is the key to success.
8. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Failure is always a negative experience.
B. We should avoid failure at all costs.
C. Failure can be a valuable learning opportunity and lead to growth and innovation.
D. Success is only achieved by those who never fail.
【答案】5. C 6. B 7. C 8. C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、哲理感悟
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。主要介绍的是失败在个人成长、学习以及创新中的重要性，通过实例分析指出应正确看待失败，将其视为通往成功的必要过程。
5. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Failure is often seen as a negative experience. People tend to avoid failure at all costs, fearing the disappointment and embarrassment that it may bring.(失败通常被视为一种消极的经历。人们倾向于不惜一切代价避免失败，害怕失败可能带来的失望和尴尬)”可知，人们对失败的普遍看法是失败是一种应该避免的消极体验。故选C。
6. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Failure forces us to confront our limitations and weaknesses. When we fail, we are forced to take a hard look at ourselves and identify areas where we need to improve.(失败迫使我们面对自己的局限和弱点。当我们失败的时候，我们不得不认真审视自己，找出我们需要改进的地方)”可知，失败通过强迫我们面对我们的局限性，促进个人成长。故选B。
7. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Thomas Edison, for example, failed thousands of times before he finally succeeded in inventing the light bulb. His perseverance in the face of repeated failure is an inspiration to us all.(例如，托马斯·爱迪生失败了几千次才最终成功地发明了灯泡。他面对屡次失败所表现出的坚韧不拔的精神鼓舞了我们大家)”可知，托马斯·爱迪生的故事告诉我们面对失败坚持不懈就会成功。故选C。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“However, failure is an essential part of life and can actually be a valuable learning opportunity.(然而，失败是生活中必不可少的一部分，实际上也是一个宝贵的学习机会)”结合文章指出失败通常被视为负面经历，论述了失败实际上是宝贵的学习机会，能促进个人成长、教会我们坚韧不拔并带来创新。可知，这篇文章的主旨是失败可以是宝贵的学习机会，并带来成长和创新。故选C。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习）It is not generally realized, for example, that a tale written in China in the ninth century is the world’s oldest known version of the story of Cinderella. The next earliest was not published until seven hundred years later — in Lyons, France, in 1544. In addition, 350 other stories that are related in some way to Cinderella have been collected from every continent.
Those Cinderella stories fall into two main groups. In one, the focus is on the ball, while comparatively little attention is paid to the supernatural force that helps her. This is the type most familiar to us and most commonly found in western Europe. In those found in eastern Europe, much attention is paid to the helpful animals. But the Chinese version contains both.
Old though it is, the Chinese version shows definite signs of having been based on still earlier — and now lost — versions. The incident of the ball, for example, is linked with the rest of the story so unnaturally that it seems that the author has borrowed this incident from some still earlier version, but without clearly understanding its significance. It will also be remembered that the king who married the girl came from a country called T’o-huan. Though this country is not identified in the story, we know from Chinese historical writings of that time that there was a small country by that name located near a region called T’o-ho-lo. And T’o-ho-lo can be identified with certainty as close to the modern city of Bangkok in Thailand. This makes it probable that the Chinese story of Cinderella did not originate in China, but was taken there from Southeast Asia, perhaps by the Arabs who went as traders to Canton in large numbers.
This story shows that the same simple virtues which are regarded as basic in the West have been emphasized for centuries in China and other parts of Asia. It is but one example of the way a story or an idea can travel all over the world.
9. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A. A story usually has different origins.
B. Chinese literature has a very long history.
C. Different countries may have similar stories.
D. French literature was influenced by the Chinese.
10. What is unique about the Chinese version of Cinderella
A. The plot develops more naturally.
B. It is centered on those helpful animals.
C. Relatively little attention is paid to the ball.
D. It stresses both the ball and the supernatural force.
11. Which evidence shows that the Chinese version originates in Southeast Asia
A. The original writer’s identity. B. Some related historical records.
C. A newly found version of the story. D. A well-known kingdom in the story.
12. How is the text mainly developed
A. By analyzing an example. B. By reviewing studies.
C. By telling a very old story. D. By conducting surveys.
【答案】9. C 10. D 11. B 12. A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】文化传播、议论文
【导语】这是一篇议论文。主要论述的是作者认为人类的基本道德品质是相近的，文化、思想也是相互交流的。
9. 细节理解题。根据第一段“It is not generally realized, for example, that a tale written in China in the ninth century is the world’s oldest known version of the story of Cinderella. The next earliest was not published until seven hundred years later— in Lyons, France, in 1544. In addition, 350 other stories that are related in some way to Cinderella have been collected from every continent.(例如，人们普遍没有意识到，九世纪写在中国的一个故事是世界上已知的最古老的灰姑娘的故事版本。下一个最早的版本直到七百年后的1544年才在法国里昂出版。此外，还从世界各地收集了350个与灰姑娘有关的故事。)”可知，根据第一段的实例以及数据可知，不同的国家可能有相似的故事。故选C项。
10. 细节理解题。根据第二段“Those Cinderella stories fall into two main groups. In one, the focus is on the ball, while comparatively little attention is paid to the supernatural force that helps her. This is the type most familiar to us and most commonly found in western Europe. In those found in eastern Europe, much attention is paid to the helpful animals. But the Chinese version contains both.(灰姑娘的故事主要分为两类。其中一个故事的焦点是舞会，而帮助她的超自然力量相对较少受到关注。这是我们最熟悉的类型，在西欧最常见。在东欧发现的那些动物中，人们非常关注有用的动物。但中文版本两者都包含。)”可知，中国版的灰姑娘的中国版的灰姑娘是它同时强调舞会和超自然力量。故选D项。
11. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Though this country is not identified in the story, we know from Chinese historical writings of that time that there was a small country by that name located near a region called T’o-ho-lo. And T’o-ho-lo can be identified with certainty as close to the modern city of Bangkok in Thailand. This makes it probable that the Chinese story of Cinderella did not originate in China, but was taken there from Southeast Asia, perhaps by the Arabs who went as traders to Canton in large numbers.(虽然这个国家在故事中没有被确定，但我们从当时的中国历史著作中知道，在一个叫做“T'o-ho-lo”的地区附近有一个叫这个名字的小国。而T'o-ho-lo可以确定为接近泰国的现代城市曼谷。这使得中国的灰姑娘故事很可能不是起源于中国，而是由东南亚带到中国的，也许是由大量前往广州经商的阿拉伯人带到中国的。)”可知，一些相关的历史记录证据表明中国版本起源于东南亚。故选B项。
12. 推理判断题。通读全文，特别是第一段中“It is not generally realized, for example, that a tale written in China in the ninth century is the world’s oldest known version of the story of Cinderella.(例如，人们普遍没有意识到，九世纪写在中国的一个故事是世界上已知的最古老的灰姑娘的故事版本。)”以及最后一段中“It is but one example of the way a story or an idea can travel all over the world.(这只是一个故事或想法可以传遍世界的例子。)”可推知，作者希望通过灰姑娘这个例子来证明其观点：人类的基本道德品质是相近的，思想文化也是相互融通的。故选A项。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth.
Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them. Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem.
Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine.
People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand.
In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it.
The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day.
So, real science is a collective, imperfect and may-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems.
13. How does the author introduce the topic of the article
A. By describing a scientific research process.
B. By telling a scientist’s personal experience.
C. By giving an example of scientific failure.
D. By presenting a common misconception.
14. What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about
A. The challenges faced by scientists.
B. The history of scientific research.
C. The methods scientists use to share results.
D. The various focuses of scientists in their research.
15. What is the author’s view on healthy disagreements in science
A. They are essential for scientific progress.
B. They create confusion and delay conclusions.
C. They indicate problems in scientific methods.
D. They often lead to the rejection of old theories.
16. Why does the author mention Jean Baptiste Perrin’s experiments and the subsequent debate
A. To show science is a collection of facts.
B. To prove scientific knowledge is always absolute.
C. To illustrate science is a dynamic and evolving process.
D. To show scientific conclusion can be reached after discussion.
【答案】13. D 14. D 15. A 16. C
【难度】0.4
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、议论文、科学精神
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章主要讨论了科学的真实面貌，驳斥了科学浪漫化的刻板印象，并强调科学是一个集体的、不完美的、多面的过程，其中科学家们针对复杂多样的问题提出多种且往往是部分的解决方案。健康的意见分歧是科学进步的重要组成部分，体现了科学的社会性和动态发展特性。
13. 推理判断题。由文章第一段“A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth. (一个穿着实验室大褂的男人在昏暗的灯光下弯着腰，紧盯着显微镜。时间很短，回报很高，只有这位科学家能拯救所有人。这种浪漫化的科学图景在很长一段时间内都是标准的。但事实远非如此。)”可知，作者通过呈现一个常见的误解引入这篇文章的主题。故选D。
14. 主旨大意题。由文章第二段中“Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. (一些科学家寻找一些可观察到的影响的原因，例如森林破坏和地球温度升高之间的联系。其他人可能会调查事情的“是什么”而不是“为什么”。)”、第三段中“Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. (除了“是什么”和“为什么”之外，科学家可能会关注“如何”。)”可知，这两段主要讨论了科学家在研究中的不同关注点。故选D。
15. 推理判断题。根据第五段中“In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it. (在科学界，健康的分歧是一种特征，而不是缺陷。科学是一个社会过程，在这个过程中，社会的监督确保我们拥有最好的可用知识。“现有的最佳”并不意味着“确定的”，而是在我们找到改进方法之前我们所拥有的最佳。)”可以推断，作者认为健康的意见分歧对于科学进步是必不可少的。故选A。
16. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段“The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day. (原子论的悠久历史表明，科学是一个过程，而不是一成不变的快速交付结果。科学家Jean Baptiste Perrin在1908年进行的实验似乎解决了所有关于原子的讨论，但随着量子物理学的诞生，有关原子性质的问题即将引发数十年的争议。类似的讨论一直持续到今天。)”可以推断，作者提及Jean Baptiste Perrin的实验和随后的争论是为了说明科学是一个动态的、不断发展的过程。故选C。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）The alarm goes off! It’s time to begin a day: eat the same breakfast, take the same journey to work, see the same people, and, at the end of the day,go to bed at the same time. Slowly but surely,your entire life becomes routine, and the world outside of this gray boredom fades to nothing. You close yourself off to the world.
This is what existentialist (存在主义者) Gabriel Marcel called “crispation”. For Marcel, crispation is when everything gets stuck in habits and routines. It’s the state of mind that says, “But…I’ve always done it this way” when one is presented with a new opportunity. Crispation is what says no to the call to adventure;people tend to become trapped within a “shell” that gradually hardens and restricts them.
In some ways, we live in an age when we focus too much on habits. James Clear’s Atomic Habits has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and there are articles and videos titled “How to Build Successful Habits.” Normally, our brains need certain habitual inspiration to function and often the most successful people are those who form strong habits. But there’s also a shadow side to habits. If we shift our view, we’ll find habits look like ruts (刻板乏味的生活) and routines become crispation.
Too many of us are doing more of the same thing we like a lot instead of trying new things. This is especially true in middle age. People in midlife have the lowest subjective happiness ratings for all age groups because; mostly, people establish a family and live in one place. In terms of their jobs, they have kind of reached the peak or are close to it, and they are kind of just maintaining the present situation rather than developing.
The dissatisfied tiredness of non-improvement is often fueled by our habits and routines. So consider finding ways to open ourselves to new experiences and,connections by challenging the comfort of our daily patterns. We should seek opportunities to explore. Embracing change is not just an escape from boredom, but a step toward living a life full of purpose and joy.
17. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By defining a concept. B. By making a comparison.
C. By providing an example. D. By proposing a question.
18. What do people experiencing “crispation” tend to do
A. Value chances to adventure. B. Limit themselves in a circle.
C. Enjoy socializing with others. D. Learn new things much slower.
19. What does the author want to show through the widespread popularity of Clear’s book
A. People’s similar reading habits.
B. People’s eagerness to get out of a rut.
C. People’s shifting interest in printed books.
D. People’s strong emphasis on developing habits.
20. What is the feature of the middle-aged according to the text
A. They are unwilling to accept change.
B. They are proud of their achievements.
C. They hope to make a breakthrough in their careers.
D. They strike a good balance between work and life.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】个人经历、议论文、社会问题与社会现象
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章通过讨论习惯与僵化对个人生活的影响，提出了作者对于如何打破常规、寻求新体验和拥抱变化的观点。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“The alarm goes off! It’s time to begin a day: eat the same breakfast, take the same journey to work, see the same people, and, at the end of the day, go to bed at the same time. Slowly but surely, your entire life becomes routine, and the world outside of this gray boredom fades to nothing. You close yourself off to the world.(闹钟响了！是时候开始新的一天了：吃着同样的早餐，走着同样的上班路，见着同样的人，然后在一天结束时，准时上床睡觉。缓慢而确定地，你的整个生活变得千篇一律，而这个世界在这灰暗无聊的例行公事之外渐渐变得虚无缥缈。你把自己封闭在了这个世界之外。)”以及第二段“This is what existentialist (存在主义者) Gabriel Marcel called “crispation”.(这就是存在主义者Gabriel Marcel所说的“僵化”。)”可推测，作者在第一段通过例子来引出话题，即第二段开头所说的“僵化”。故选C。
18. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“For Marcel, crispation is when everything gets stuck in habits and routines. It’s the state of mind that says, “But…I’ve always done it this way” when one is presented with a new opportunity. Crispation is what says no to the call to adventure; people tend to become trapped within a “shell” that gradually hardens and restricts them.(对于Marcel而言，僵化就是当一切都被习惯和常规所束缚时所处的状态。当面对新机遇时，这种心态就会说：“但是……我一直都是这样做的。”僵化是对冒险召唤的拒绝；人们往往会陷入一个逐渐变得坚硬并限制自己的“壳”中。)”可知，所谓僵化就是被习惯和常规所束缚时所处的状态，不再寻求新的体验和机会，把自己限制在一个范围内。故选B。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“In some ways, we live in an age when we focus too much on habits. James Clear’s Atomic Habits has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and there are articles and videos titled “How to Build Successful Habits.”(在某种程度上，我们生活在一个过于注重习惯的时代。James Clear的《原子习惯》一书在全球销量超过1500万册，还有大量标题为“如何养成成功习惯”的文章和视频。)”可知，文章提到James Clear的《原子习惯》一书销量巨大，以及大量关于如何养成成功习惯的文章和视频，这说明人们非常重视习惯的培养。故选D。
20. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“People in midlife have the lowest subjective happiness ratings for all age groups because; mostly, people establish a family and live in one place. In terms of their jobs, they have kind of reached the peak or are close to it, and they are kind of just maintaining the present situation rather than developing.(这在中年人中尤为明显。中年人在所有年龄组中主观幸福感评分最低，因为大多数人已经成家立业，并定居在一个地方。就工作而言，他们已经达到或接近职业生涯的巅峰，现在只是在维持现状，而不是寻求发展。)”可知，中年人往往已经建立了家庭并定居在一个地方，工作上也达到了巅峰或接近巅峰，他们更倾向于维持现状而不是寻求发展，这暗示了他们可能不愿意接受改变。故选A。44.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之支持手机进校园的观点，也阐述了反对的立场 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之失败在个人成长、学习以及创新中的重要性 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之人类的基本道德品质是相近的，文化、思想也是相互交流的 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之科学的真实面貌，驳斥了科学浪漫化的刻板印象 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 5 人与社会之讨论习惯与僵化对个人生活的影响 议论文 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
高考英语阅读理解议论文的解题技巧包括理解文章、分析题目和验证答案等方面，以下是一些具体技巧：
理解文章
抓论点：通常出现在文章开头，开门见山提出作者观点；也可能在结尾，总结归纳得出论点；少数情况下在文章中间，通过转折等方式引出。此外，一些标志性词汇如 “in my opinion”“I think”“therefore”“thus” 等附近往往会出现论点。
理结构：常见结构有 “总 - 分 - 总”“总 - 分”“分 - 总” 等。“总 - 分 - 总” 结构中，开头提出论点，中间分点论证，结尾总结升华；“总 - 分” 结构是开头提出论点后，下文围绕论点展开论述；“分 - 总” 结构则是先进行分析论证，最后得出结论。把握结构有助于快速理清文章脉络，理解各部分的作用和关系。
辨论据：事实论据包括具体事例、数据、现象等，具有直观性；道理论据有名人名言、科学原理、公理等，具有权威性。明确论据类型，能更好地理解其对论点的支撑作用，也有助于区分论点和论据，避免混淆。
分析题目
细节理解题：根据题干中的关键词，如人名、地名、时间、数字等，在文中定位相关信息。要注意选项可能是对原文的同义替换、改写或概括，需仔细比对，确保选项内容与原文完全一致，避免被干扰项误导，如偷换概念、以偏概全、无中生有等。
主旨大意题：可从文章的首尾段、各段首句等寻找关键信息，总结文章的核心内容。选项应涵盖文章的主要观点和关键信息，不能过于片面或宽泛。如果选项只涉及文章的某一部分内容，一般不是正确答案；如果选项内容过于笼统，超出了文章的论述范围，也应排除。
推理判断题：这类题目要求根据文章内容进行合理推断，不能直接从文中找到答案。要依据文章的细节、逻辑关系等进行推理，注意推理的合理性和客观性，不能过度推理或主观臆断。同时，要留意作者的态度和观点，以及文章的语气和措辞，这些都有助于做出正确的推断。
词义猜测题：通过上下文的语境、句子之间的逻辑关系来推测词义。可以利用同义词、反义词、定义、解释、举例等线索进行判断。如果该词是一个熟悉的词，要注意其在文中可能具有特殊含义，不能仅仅根据常见词义来选择答案，要结合具体语境进行分析。
验证答案
回文定位：将所选答案与文中相关内容进行再次核对，确保答案有明确的依据，且与原文内容相符。特别是对于一些细节题和推理题，要找到具体的句子或段落来支持所选答案。
逻辑检验：从文章的整体逻辑和上下文的连贯性角度来检验答案。答案应与文章的主旨、作者的观点以及段落之间的逻辑关系相一致，不能出现逻辑矛盾或与文章整体氛围不符的情况。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
debate A. 分散注意力的事物
distraction B. 监护人；保护人
guardian C. 紧急情况；突发事件
emergency D. 反对者；对手
opponent E. 辩论；争论；讨论
第二组
notification A. 减少；降低；减少量
decrease B. 不平等；不均衡；不平均
inequality C. 通知；通告；布告
supervise D. 监督；管理；指导
administrator E. 管理人员；行政人员；管理人
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
confront A. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
resilience B. 创新；革新；新方法
innovation C. 面对；遭遇；对抗
inspiration D. 挫折；阻碍；失败
setback E. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
第二组
embrace A. 版本；说法；译本
version B. 包含；包括；涉及
involve C. 促进；推动；提升
promote D. 接受；欣然采纳；拥抱
essential E. 必不可少的；本质的；基本的
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
continent A. 相对地；比较地
comparatively B. 事件；事变；插曲
incident C. 大陆；洲；陆地
origin D. 确定；识别；认出
identify E. 起源；出身；源头
第二组
significance A. 基本的；基础的；基本要素
basic B. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize C. 贸易商；商人；商船
trader D. 意义；重要性；意思
virtue E. 美德；优点；贞操
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
romanticize A. 丰富；充裕；大量
abundance B. 估计；估算；估价
estimate C. 使浪漫化；使理想化；夸张
symptom D. 症状；征兆；征候
definite E. 明确的；一定的；肯定的
第二组
complexity A. 争议；争论；辩论
controversy B. 特性；性质；财产
property C. 社区；团体；共同体
community D. 复杂性；复杂的事物
collective E. 集体的；共同的；集体
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
existentialist A. 日常事务；例行公事；常规
routine B. 存在主义者
restrict C. 功能；作用；运转
function D. 转变；转移；改变
shift E. 限制；约束；限定
第二组
midlife A. 主观的；个人的；主观上的
subjective B. 探索；探究；探险
explore C. 中年；中年时期
pattern D. 舒适；安慰；使舒适
comfort E. 模式；图案；样式
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
debate A. 分散注意力的事物
distraction B. 监护人；保护人
guardian C. 紧急情况；突发事件
emergency D. 反对者；对手
opponent E. 辩论；争论；讨论
第二组
notification A. 减少；降低；减少量
decrease B. 不平等；不均衡；不平均
inequality C. 通知；通告；布告
supervise D. 监督；管理；指导
administrator E. 管理人员；行政人员；管理人
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
confront A. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
resilience B. 创新；革新；新方法
innovation C. 面对；遭遇；对抗
inspiration D. 挫折；阻碍；失败
setback E. 灵感；鼓舞人心的人（或事物）
第二组
embrace A. 版本；说法；译本
version B. 包含；包括；涉及
involve C. 促进；推动；提升
promote D. 接受；欣然采纳；拥抱
essential E. 必不可少的；本质的；基本的
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
continent A. 相对地；比较地
comparatively B. 事件；事变；插曲
incident C. 大陆；洲；陆地
origin D. 确定；识别；认出
identify E. 起源；出身；源头
第二组
significance A. 基本的；基础的；基本要素
basic B. 强调；着重；使突出
emphasize C. 贸易商；商人；商船
trader D. 意义；重要性；意思
virtue E. 美德；优点；贞操
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
romanticize A. 丰富；充裕；大量
abundance B. 估计；估算；估价
estimate C. 使浪漫化；使理想化；夸张
symptom D. 症状；征兆；征候
definite E. 明确的；一定的；肯定的
第二组
complexity A. 争议；争论；辩论
controversy B. 特性；性质；财产
property C. 社区；团体；共同体
community D. 复杂性；复杂的事物
collective E. 集体的；共同的；集体
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
existentialist A. 日常事务；例行公事；常规
routine B. 存在主义者
restrict C. 功能；作用；运转
function D. 转变；转移；改变
shift E. 限制；约束；限定
第二组
midlife A. 主观的；个人的；主观上的
subjective B. 探索；探究；探险
explore C. 中年；中年时期
pattern D. 舒适；安慰；使舒适
comfort E. 模式；图案；样式
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·甘肃定西·阶段练习）In recent years, the issue of whether students should be allowed to use mobile phones in school has been widely debated. Some people believe that mobile phones can be a useful educational tool, while others argue that they are a distraction and can have a negative impact on students’ learning and social development.
Those in favor of allowing mobile phones in school point out that they can provide instant access to information. For example, students can use them to look up words they don’t understand during a reading assignment or to research a topic for a class project. Mobile phones can also be used as a learning aid in language classes, where students can listen to audio recordings or use language learning apps. In addition, in case of an emergency, students can quickly contact their parents or guardians.
However, opponents of mobile phone use in school have valid concerns. Many students are easily distracted by the various functions of mobile phones, such as social media, games, and texting. This distraction can lead to a decrease in concentration during class and a lower quality of learning. Moreover, the use of mobile phones can disrupt the classroom environment, with notifications and ringtones interrupting the flow of instruction. There is also the issue of cyberbullying, which can occur through mobile phone communication and have a serious impact on students’ mental health.
Another aspect to consider is the potential for mobile phones to create a sense of inequality among students. Some students may have more expensive and advanced mobile phones with better features, which could lead to feelings of envy or inferiority. This may affect their self-esteem and relationships with peers.
In conclusion, while mobile phones do offer certain benefits, the drawbacks associated with their use in school cannot be ignored. A balanced approach is needed, perhaps by allowing limited and supervised use of mobile phones for educational purposes only. School administrators and teachers should work together to establish clear rules and guidelines to ensure that mobile phones are used in a way that maximizes their educational value and minimizes the negative impacts.
1. What is the main idea of the text
A. To introduce the functions of mobile phones.
B. To discuss the advantages and disadvantages of allowing students to use mobile phones in school.
C. To explain how mobile phones can be used as a learning aid.
D. To describe the problems caused by mobile phones in school.
2. According to the text, which of the following is an advantage of using mobile phones in school
A. They can help students avoid distractions.
B. They can make students more popular.
C. They can provide access to information for learning.
D. They can replace teachers in some cases.
3. What is the concern of those who oppose mobile phone use in school
A. Mobile phones are too expensive for students.
B. Mobile phones may cause students to be addicted to games.
C. Mobile phones can disrupt the classroom environment and affect students' learning.
D. Mobile phones are not advanced enough for educational use.
4. What does the author suggest in the end
A. Banning mobile phones completely in school.
B. Allowing students to use mobile phones freely.
C. Adopting a balanced approach to mobile phone use in school.
D. Letting students decide whether to use mobile phones or not.
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·甘肃天水·阶段练习）The Importance of Failure
Failure is often seen as a negative experience. People tend to avoid failure at all costs, fearing the disappointment and embarrassment that it may bring. However, failure is an essential part of life and can actually be a valuable learning opportunity.
Failure forces us to confront our limitations and weaknesses. When we fail, we are forced to take a hard look at ourselves and identify areas where we need to improve. This self-reflection can lead to personal growth and development. For example, a student who fails an exam may realize that they need to study more effectively or seek additional help. By addressing these weaknesses, they can improve their performance in the future.
Failure also teaches us resilience and perseverance. When we experience failure, we are faced with the choice of giving up or persevering. Those who choose to persevere in the face of failure are often the ones who achieve great success. Thomas Edison, for example, failed thousands of times before he finally succeeded in inventing the light bulb. His perseverance in the face of repeated failure is an inspiration to us all.
Moreover, failure can lead to innovation. When we fail, we are often forced to think outside the box and come up with new solutions. This creative thinking can lead to breakthroughs and new inventions. For instance, the development of the airplane was the result of many failures and setbacks. The inventors had to constantly revise their designs and try new approaches until they finally succeeded.
In conclusion, failure should not be feared but embraced. It is through failure that we learn, grow, and become better versions of ourselves.
5. What is the common view of failure
A. It is a valuable learning opportunity. B. It is an essential part of life.
C. It is a negative experience to be avoided. D. It leads to innovation.
6. How can failure contribute to personal growth
A. By making us more confident. B. By forcing us to confront our limitations.
C. By teaching us to give up easily. D. By reducing our embarrassment.
7. What can we learn from Thomas Edison's story
A. Failure is the mother of success.
B. Genius is one percent inspiration and ninety-nine percent perspiration.
C. Perseverance in the face of failure leads to success.
D. Innovation is the key to success.
8. What is the main idea of the passage
A. Failure is always a negative experience.
B. We should avoid failure at all costs.
C. Failure can be a valuable learning opportunity and lead to growth and innovation.
D. Success is only achieved by those who never fail.
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·山西·阶段练习）It is not generally realized, for example, that a tale written in China in the ninth century is the world’s oldest known version of the story of Cinderella. The next earliest was not published until seven hundred years later — in Lyons, France, in 1544. In addition, 350 other stories that are related in some way to Cinderella have been collected from every continent.
Those Cinderella stories fall into two main groups. In one, the focus is on the ball, while comparatively little attention is paid to the supernatural force that helps her. This is the type most familiar to us and most commonly found in western Europe. In those found in eastern Europe, much attention is paid to the helpful animals. But the Chinese version contains both.
Old though it is, the Chinese version shows definite signs of having been based on still earlier — and now lost — versions. The incident of the ball, for example, is linked with the rest of the story so unnaturally that it seems that the author has borrowed this incident from some still earlier version, but without clearly understanding its significance. It will also be remembered that the king who married the girl came from a country called T’o-huan. Though this country is not identified in the story, we know from Chinese historical writings of that time that there was a small country by that name located near a region called T’o-ho-lo. And T’o-ho-lo can be identified with certainty as close to the modern city of Bangkok in Thailand. This makes it probable that the Chinese story of Cinderella did not originate in China, but was taken there from Southeast Asia, perhaps by the Arabs who went as traders to Canton in large numbers.
This story shows that the same simple virtues which are regarded as basic in the West have been emphasized for centuries in China and other parts of Asia. It is but one example of the way a story or an idea can travel all over the world.
9. What phenomenon is described in the first paragraph
A. A story usually has different origins.
B. Chinese literature has a very long history.
C. Different countries may have similar stories.
D. French literature was influenced by the Chinese.
10. What is unique about the Chinese version of Cinderella
A. The plot develops more naturally.
B. It is centered on those helpful animals.
C. Relatively little attention is paid to the ball.
D. It stresses both the ball and the supernatural force.
11. Which evidence shows that the Chinese version originates in Southeast Asia
A. The original writer’s identity. B. Some related historical records.
C. A newly found version of the story. D. A well-known kingdom in the story.
12. How is the text mainly developed
A. By analyzing an example. B. By reviewing studies.
C. By telling a very old story. D. By conducting surveys.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·江苏南京·期中）A man in a lab coat bends under a dim light with tight eyes looking at a microscope. Time is short, the pays-off are high, and only this scientist can save everyone. That kind of romanticized picture of science was standard for a long time. But it’s far from the truth.
Some scientists search for the causes of some observable effects, such as the link between destroyed forests and Earth’s temperature increase. Others may investigate the “what” rather than the “why” of things. For example, ecologists build models to estimate gray wolf abundance in Montana, US. It’s impractical to spot them all and count them. Abundance models are not 100 percent accurate, but they offer estimates that seem good enough to set harvesting quotas (限额) and maintain the ecosystem.
Beyond the “what” and the “why”, scientists may focus on the “how”. For instance, the lives of people living with illnesses can be improved by research on how to relieve symptoms, even if the true causes of their disorders are largely unknown to current medicine.
People often think “real science” should provide definite, complete and perfect answers to their questions. However, given various limitations and the world’s complexity, keeping multiple perspectives in play is often the best way for scientists to reach their goals and solve the problems at hand.
In the world of science, healthy disagreement is a feature, not a bug. Science is a social process in which the community’s scrutiny (监督) ensures we have the best available knowledge. “Best available” does not mean “definitive”, but the best we have until we find out how to improve it.
The long history of atomism (原子论) shows how science is a process rather than a fast delivery of results set in stone. As scientist Jean Baptiste Perrin conducted his 1908 experiments that seemingly settled all discussion regarding atoms, questions about the atom’s properties were about to spark decades of controversy with the birth of quantum (量子) physics. Similar discussions continue to the present day.
So, real science is a collective, imperfect and may-sided process in which scientists contribute multiple and often partial solutions to complex and diverse problems.
13. How does the author introduce the topic of the article
A. By describing a scientific research process.
B. By telling a scientist’s personal experience.
C. By giving an example of scientific failure.
D. By presenting a common misconception.
14. What do paragraphs 2-3 mainly talk about
A. The challenges faced by scientists.
B. The history of scientific research.
C. The methods scientists use to share results.
D. The various focuses of scientists in their research.
15. What is the author’s view on healthy disagreements in science
A. They are essential for scientific progress.
B. They create confusion and delay conclusions.
C. They indicate problems in scientific methods.
D. They often lead to the rejection of old theories.
16. Why does the author mention Jean Baptiste Perrin’s experiments and the subsequent debate
A. To show science is a collection of facts.
B. To prove scientific knowledge is always absolute.
C. To illustrate science is a dynamic and evolving process.
D. To show scientific conclusion can be reached after discussion.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·天津北辰·阶段练习）The alarm goes off! It’s time to begin a day: eat the same breakfast, take the same journey to work, see the same people, and, at the end of the day,go to bed at the same time. Slowly but surely,your entire life becomes routine, and the world outside of this gray boredom fades to nothing. You close yourself off to the world.
This is what existentialist (存在主义者) Gabriel Marcel called “crispation”. For Marcel, crispation is when everything gets stuck in habits and routines. It’s the state of mind that says, “But…I’ve always done it this way” when one is presented with a new opportunity. Crispation is what says no to the call to adventure;people tend to become trapped within a “shell” that gradually hardens and restricts them.
In some ways, we live in an age when we focus too much on habits. James Clear’s Atomic Habits has sold over 15 million copies worldwide, and there are articles and videos titled “How to Build Successful Habits.” Normally, our brains need certain habitual inspiration to function and often the most successful people are those who form strong habits. But there’s also a shadow side to habits. If we shift our view, we’ll find habits look like ruts (刻板乏味的生活) and routines become crispation.
Too many of us are doing more of the same thing we like a lot instead of trying new things. This is especially true in middle age. People in midlife have the lowest subjective happiness ratings for all age groups because; mostly, people establish a family and live in one place. In terms of their jobs, they have kind of reached the peak or are close to it, and they are kind of just maintaining the present situation rather than developing.
The dissatisfied tiredness of non-improvement is often fueled by our habits and routines. So consider finding ways to open ourselves to new experiences and,connections by challenging the comfort of our daily patterns. We should seek opportunities to explore. Embracing change is not just an escape from boredom, but a step toward living a life full of purpose and joy.
17. How does the author introduce the topic
A. By defining a concept. B. By making a comparison.
C. By providing an example. D. By proposing a question.
18. What do people experiencing “crispation” tend to do
A. Value chances to adventure. B. Limit themselves in a circle.
C. Enjoy socializing with others. D. Learn new things much slower.
19. What does the author want to show through the widespread popularity of Clear’s book
A. People’s similar reading habits.
B. People’s eagerness to get out of a rut.
C. People’s shifting interest in printed books.
D. People’s strong emphasis on developing habits.
20. What is the feature of the middle-aged according to the text
A. They are unwilling to accept change.
B. They are proud of their achievements.
C. They hope to make a breakthrough in their careers.
D. They strike a good balance between work and life.
