45.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之围绕传统价值观在现代社会的相关性 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之围绕发明与需求的关系纠正人们对于发明与需求关系 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之共情与同情的区别 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之“quiet quitting” 这一职场现象的看法以及对相关群体理念变化的剖析 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 5 人与社会之创作过程中的不确定性和艺术的多样性 议论文 难（0.4）
【技巧点拨】
提高英语阅读理解议论文的解题能力需要从知识积累、技能提升、练习巩固等多个方面入手，以下是一些具体方法：
丰富基础知识
扩充词汇量：词汇是理解文章的基础，通过制定合理的词汇背诵计划，如每天背诵 30-50 个单词，利用单词书、APP 等工具，结合语境记忆词汇，不仅要掌握单词的基本含义，还要了解其常见搭配、词性变化和一词多义等情况。
巩固语法知识：系统学习英语语法，重点掌握从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气等复杂语法结构，通过分析句子成分、判断句子类型来理解长难句的含义，每周可以进行 3-5 篇长难句分析练习，提高对句子的理解能力。
提升阅读技能
学会快速浏览：在阅读文章前，先快速浏览标题、首尾段、每段首句等，了解文章的主题、结构和大致内容，掌握文章的整体框架，明确作者的写作意图和观点倾向，为后续的细节阅读做好准备，培养从整体上把握文章的能力。
加强精读训练：对文章中的重点段落、长难句和与题目相关的内容进行精读，分析句子结构、语法运用和词汇含义，理解作者的论证思路和逻辑关系，在精读过程中，标注出关键词、关键句和重要信息，加深对文章的理解。
加强专项练习
针对题型训练：了解阅读理解议论文常见的题型，如主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等，掌握每种题型的解题技巧和方法。针对不同题型进行专项练习，分析自己在每种题型上的易错点和薄弱环节，有针对性地进行强化训练，提高解题能力。
定期模拟考试：按照高考的考试时间和要求，每周进行 1-2 次英语阅读理解的模拟考试，在模拟考试过程中，合理分配答题时间，提高阅读速度和答题效率，适应考试节奏和氛围，同时通过模拟考试发现自己在解题过程中存在的问题，及时调整学习方法和策略。
做好总结反思
分析错题原因：做完题目后，认真分析每一道错题的原因，如是否是因为单词不认识、语法理解错误、没有理解文章的逻辑关系、没有掌握解题技巧等，针对不同的原因，采取相应的改进措施，避免在下次考试中犯同样的错误。
总结答题技巧：在练习过程中，不断总结归纳阅读理解议论文的答题技巧和规律，如如何快速定位答案、如何排除干扰选项、如何根据上下文猜测词义等，将这些技巧和规律整理成笔记，经常复习和运用，提高解题的准确性和效率。
增加阅读量
阅读英文报刊杂志：如《纽约时报》《卫报》《时代周刊》等，这些报刊杂志中的文章涵盖了各种话题和体裁，语言规范、地道，通过阅读可以拓宽知识面，熟悉不同的话题和语言表达方式，提高对议论文的理解能力，每周可以阅读 2-3 篇相关文章。
阅读英文原著：选择适合自己水平的英文原著，如《小王子》《夏洛的网》等，阅读原著可以感受英语语言的魅力，提高语感和阅读兴趣，在阅读过程中，学会分析作者的观点和论证方法，提升对议论文的鉴赏能力，每月可以阅读 1-2 本英文原著。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
relevance A. 忠诚；忠实；忠贞
perseverance B. 和谐；协调；融洽
loyalty C. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
harmony D. 相关性；关联；实用性
efficiency E. 效率；效能；功效
答案：1 - D；2 - C；3 - A；4 - B；5 - E
第二组
inclusive A. 追求；追赶；追捕
pursuit B. 坚持；维持；断言
uphold C. 包容的；广泛的；包括一切的
prosperous D. 繁荣的；兴旺的；富裕的
integrate E. 使合并；使融入；使一体化
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
fulfilled A. 类别；种类；范畴
category B. 感知到的；察觉到的
perceived C. 满足的；有成就感的；实现的
tinkering D. 摆弄；捣鼓；小修小补
device E. 装置；设备；手段
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
application A. 缺席；缺乏；不存在
absence B. 公众；民众；志趣相同的群体
public C. 原型；雏形；最初形态
prototype D. 申请；应用；涂抹
propel E. 推进；推动；驱使
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
empathy A. 动机；激发；使有动机
motivate B. 慈善机构；慈善；施舍
charity C. 困境；进退两难的局面
dilemma D. 受益人；受惠者
beneficiary E. 共情；同感；共鸣
答案：1 - E；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - D
第二组
awareness A. 匿名的；无名的；无特色的
anonymous B. 延长；拉长；拖长
prolong C. 值得做的；值得支持的；有价值的
worthy D. 区别；差别；对比
distinction E. 意识；认识；知道
答案：1 - E；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - D
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
clip A. （使）发出叮当声；发清脆声
tinkle B. 片段；剪辑；修剪
imply C. 冲昏头脑；使失去理智
succumb D. 意味着；暗示；说明
detach E. 屈服；屈从；抵挡不住
unenthusiasm F. 使分开；使脱离；拆卸
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - E；5 - F；6 -C
第二组
slacker A. 连续；一系列；一连串
succession B. 激励；刺激；鼓舞
incentive C. 逃避工作的人；偷懒的人
kerfuffle D. 混乱；喧闹；动乱
alienate E. 使疏远；使不友好；离间
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
tendency A. 确定；认同；识别
identify B. 倾向；趋势；偏好
thriller C. 惊险小说（或戏剧、电影）
adopt D. 采用；采取；收养
mould E. 模具；铸模；性格
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - C；4 - D；5 - E
第二组
literally A. 无疑；确实；毫不怀疑地
undoubtedly B. 照字面地；真正地；确实地
reveal C. 侧面；侧部；斜向一边
sideways D. 揭示；显示；透露
dynamic E. 动态的；充满活力的；动力的
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）In the fast-paced and ever-changing modern world, the question of the relevance of traditional values has become a topic of much debate. Traditional values, which include concepts such as honesty, respect, loyalty, and perseverance, have been passed down through generations.
On one hand, traditional values serve as a moral compass. They provide individuals with a set of guidelines for how to behave and interact with others. For example, honesty is crucial in building trust in personal and professional relationships. In a business setting, if employees are honest about their work progress and any potential issues, it can lead to more efficient problem-solving and a better working environment. Respect for others, regardless of their background or status, promotes social harmony and reduces conflicts. When people respect different opinions and cultures, they are more likely to have meaningful and inclusive conversations.
On the other hand, some may argue that traditional values are outdated and do not fit into the modern context. They claim that the modern society is more individualistic and focused on self-actualization. However, this view is shortsighted. Traditional values can still adapt and thrive in modern society. For instance, loyalty in the workplace can now be seen as loyalty to a team’s goals and values rather than just to a single employer. Perseverance is essential in the face of the numerous challenges and setbacks that individuals encounter in their pursuit of education, career, and personal growth.
Moreover, traditional values can act as a stabilizing force in a society that is constantly bombarded with new trends and technologies. They give people a sense of continuity and belonging. When families uphold traditional values such as strong family bonds and mutual support, it provides a nurturing environment for individuals, especially children, to grow up in.
In conclusion, traditional values still hold significant value in modern society. They are not relics of the past but rather an important foundation upon which a healthy and prosperous society can be built. We should strive to preserve and promote these values while also allowing them to evolve and integrate with the modern way of life.
1. According to the passage, what is one way honesty benefits in a business environment
A. It helps employees get promoted faster. B. It leads to more effective problem-solving.
C. It makes the company more profitable. D. It reduces the workload of managers.
2. The author’s attitude towards the view that traditional values are outdated is ________.
A. supportive B. neutral C. critical D. indifferent
3. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Traditional values should be completely replaced.
B. The negative impacts of traditional values in modern society.
C. The importance and relevance of traditional values in modern society.
D. How to promote individualism in modern society.
4. The word “shortsighted” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. having a limited view B. being very practical
C. having a clear vision D. being very open-minded
【答案】1. B 2. C 3. C 4. A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、社会问题与社会现象
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章围绕传统价值观在现代社会的相关性展开讨论，分析其作用并得出仍具重要价值的结论。
1. 细节理解题。由文章第二段“In a business setting, if employees are honest about their work progress and any potential issues, it can lead to more efficient problem-solving and a better working environment. (在商业环境中，如果员工诚实地对待他们的工作进展和任何潜在问题，这可以带来更有效的问题解决和更好的工作环境)”可知，诚实能带来更有效的问题解决。故选B项。
2. 推理判断题。由文章第三段“On the other hand, some may argue that traditional values are outdated and do not fit into the modern context. They claim that the modern society is more individualistic and focused on self-actualization. However, this view is shortsighted. (另一方面，有些人可能会认为传统价值观已经过时，不适合现代环境。他们声称，现代社会更加个人主义，注重自我实现。然而，这种观点是短视的)”可知，作者对传统价值观过时这一观点是批判的。故选C项。
3. 主旨大意题。分析全文可知，文章先阐述传统价值观在现代社会可作为道德指引，接着反驳其过时的观点并说明其在现代仍有积极意义，最后强调其在构建社会中的重要性，所以主旨是讲传统价值观在现代社会的重要性和相关性。故选C项。
4. 词句猜测题。由文章第三段“On the other hand, some may argue that traditional values are outdated and do not fit into the modern context. They claim that the modern society is more individualistic and focused on self-actualization. However, this view is shortsighted. Traditional values can still adapt and thrive in modern society. (另一方面，有些人可能会认为传统价值观已经过时，不适合现代环境。他们声称，现代社会更加个人主义，注重自我实现。然而，这种观点是 。传统价值观仍然可以在现代社会中适应和发展)”可知，这里说这种观点是“shortsighted”，结合上下文可知是说这种认为传统价值观过时的观点是目光短浅的，所以A选项 “有局限性的观点” 符合语境。故选A项。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention.” That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South.
Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa.
A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand. When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation. Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries.
Inventors often have to persist at their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) propelling trains and boats.
5. Why does the writer mention Eli Whitney in the first paragraph
A. To clarify a doubt. B. To illustrate a view.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To evaluate a statement.
6. What contributed to the popularity of motor vehicles
A. Military demands. B. Powerful engines.
C. Creative designs. D. Public satisfaction.
7. What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph
A. A lack of money and time. B. Absence of public demand.
C. Bad performance of early models. D. Awful looks of previous inventions.
8. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Social Need: the Inner Drive for Invention
B. Great Invention: the Force of Society’s Progress
C. General Application: the Final Purpose of Invention
D. Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention
【答案】5. B 6. A 7. C 8. D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】发明与创造 、社会问题与社会现象、议论文
【导语】本文是一篇议论文。文章围绕发明与需求的关系纠正人们对于发明与需求关系的固有认知，指出人们通常认为发明是因社会有未被满足的需求而产生，但实际上很多发明是由发明者的好奇心或爱捣鼓的特质驱动的，往往是先有发明成果，经过一段时间使用后，消费者才觉得自己需要它，即发明常常成为需求产生的源头，强调了发明在很多时候是超出事先所认定的需求，是一种源于好奇等因素的探索追求的结果。
5. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that ‘Necessity is the mother of invention.’ (人们普遍认为“需求是发明之母”)”可知，以Eli Whitney发明轧棉机为例，就是为了阐释“需求是发明之母”这一观点，所以是用其来举例说明观点，故选B项。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries. (公众对这两种方式的满意度一直很高，直到第一次世界大战，当时军队得出结论，他们确实需要卡车，这最终使这些车辆在工业化国家成为了马车的替代品)”可知，是军队的需要推动了机动车的流行，故选A项。
7. 词句猜测题。根据最后一段中“Inventors often have to persist at their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. (在没有公众需求的情况下，发明家通常不得不长时间坚持他们的修补，因为早期模型的性能太差而无法使用。例如，第一台相机、打字机和电视机与Otto的7英尺高的燃气发动机一样糟糕。这使得发明家很难预见他或她糟糕的原型最终是否会找到用途，从而投入更多的时间和费用来开发它)”可知，That指代的就是前面提到的早期模型性能差这一情况，故选C项。
8. 主旨大意题。根据第一段中“It is a common view that ‘Necessity is the mother of invention.’ (人们普遍认为“需求是发明之母”)”，以及第二段中“Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa. (因此，发明往往是必要性之母，而不是反过来)”以及最后一段中“Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) propelling trains and boats. (即使是满足最初设计需求的发明，也可能在后来证明在满足不可预见的需求方面更有价值。虽然詹姆斯·瓦特（James Watt）设计了他的蒸汽机从矿井中抽水，但它很快就为棉纺厂提供动力，然后（利润更大）推动火车和船只)”可知，本文强调发明往往超出了事先所认定的需求，是出于好奇等的一种探索追求，D选项“Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention (超越需求：对发明的好奇追求)”能很好地概括文章主旨，适合作为文章标题，故选D项。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）Paul Bloom, a psychologist at Yale University, defines empathy (共情) as the act of stepping into someone’s mind to experience their feelings and it’s what he takes issue with. “Experiencing someone else’s pain will motivate us to care about and help that person,” he writes, “However, it leads to some moral dilemmas.”
Bloom tells the story of a 10-year-old girl called Sheri Summers, who has a deadly disease. Doctors have placed Sheri on a waiting list for a treatment that will potentially prolong her life. Sadly, this very bright, very brave girl learns she has weeks or months before that happens. When participants in a study were presented with Sheri’s story, around three-quarters moved her up the list to get her treatment earlier. Yet, doing so could mean every other child above her on the list would have to wait even longer, many of whom might be more deserving.
People are much more likely to open their hearts — or wallets — when there is a visible beneficiary (受益人) whose pain could be eased. The charity that campaigns with a single story of a named, suffering child may win more donations compared with the charity that only displays statistics describing 1,000 anonymous (匿名的) children.
There’s nothing wrong with using personal stories to raise awareness of a worthy cause, but the identifiable victim effect does nevertheless take billions of dollars away from where it could do more good for a greater number of people.
The research suggests that we ought to start making a clearer distinction between empathy and its apparent synonym (同义词): “sympathy”. To be sympathetic, it is more about the idea of extending kindness towards others.
Bloom uses the example of an adult comforting a child who is terrified of a small, barking dog. The adult doesn’t need to feel the child’s fear to help. “There can be sympathy for the child, a desire to make his or her fear go away, without any shared experience or empathetic discomfort,” he writes.
9. What does the phrase “take issue with” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Disagree with. B. In favor of. C. Take into account. D. Commit to.
10. Why does Bloom tell the story of Sheri
A. To arouse the readers’ sympathy. B. To criticize the participants’ choice.
C. To illustrate what the moral dilemma is. D. To explain why participants show sympathy.
11. How does the identifiable victim effect influence people
A. It makes people more willing to help or donate.
B. It helps people take much money away from the victims.
C. It raises people’s awareness of requiring visible beneficiaries.
D. It strengthens people’s willingness to help the anonymous.
12. What is Paul Bloom’s view on “empathy”
A. He sees no difference between empathy and sympathy.
B. He believes empathy leads to less fair decision-making.
C. He believes empathy benefits efficient resource distribution.
D. He believes empathy improves analysis of charitable needs.
【答案】9. A 10. C 11. A 12. B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】议论文、社会问题与社会现象
【导语】 本文是一篇议论文。本文主要探讨了共情与同情的区别，通过心理学家Paul Bloom的观点和研究，讨论了共情在道德决策中的作用以及其可能引发的问题。
9. 词句猜测题。根据第一段中划线词后““Experiencing someone else’s pain will motivate us to care about and help that person,” he writes, “However, it leads to some moral dilemmas.”(“体验别人的痛苦会促使我们关心并帮助那个人”，他写道，“然而，这会导致一些道德上的两难境地”)”可知，Paul Bloom认为共情会导致道德困境，故他对共情的定义持有异议，划线词与A项“不同意”意义相近。故选A。
10. 推理判断题。根据第二段中“Bloom tells the story of a 10-year-old girl called Sheri Summers, who has a deadly disease. Doctors have placed Sheri on a waiting list for a treatment that will potentially prolong her life. Sadly, this very bright, very brave girl learns she has weeks or months before that happens. When participants in a study were presented with Sheri’s story, around three-quarters moved her up the list to get her treatment earlier. Yet, doing so could mean every other child above her on the list would have to wait even longer, many of whom might be more deserving.(Bloom讲述了一个名叫Sheri Summers的10岁女孩的故事，她患有一种致命疾病。医生已经将Sheri列入等待治疗的名单上，这种治疗有可能延长她的生命。遗憾的是，这个非常聪明、非常勇敢的女孩得知在她得到治疗之前只有几周或几个月的时间。当研究中的参与者被呈现Sheri的故事时，大约有四分之三的人将她移到名单的前面以让她更早获得治疗。但是这样做意味着名单上排在她之前的每个孩子都必须等待更长时间，其中许多孩子的病情或许更加危急)”可知，Bloom讲述Sheri的故事是为了展示当人们因共情而做出决策时可能会遇到的道德困境。故选C项。
11. 细节理解题。根据第三段中“People are much more likely to open their hearts — or wallets — when there is a visible beneficiary whose pain could be eased.(当有一个可见的受益人其痛苦能够被缓解时，人们更有可能敞开心扉——或者打开钱包)”及第四段“There’s nothing wrong with using personal stories to raise awareness of a worthy cause, but the identifiable victim effect does nevertheless take billions of dollars away from where it could do more good for a greater number of people.(用个人故事来提高值得事业的关注度并没有错，但可识别的受害者效应确实将数十亿美元从可能为更多人做更多好事的地方转移走了)”可知，识别受害者效应使人们更愿意帮助或捐赠。故选A项。
12. 推理判断题。根据第四段“There’s nothing wrong with using personal stories to raise awareness of a worthy cause, but the identifiable victim effect does nevertheless take billions of dollars away from where it could do more good for a greater number of people.(用个人故事来提高值得事业的关注度并没有错，但可识别的受害者效应确实将数十亿美元从可能为更多人做更多好事的地方转移走了)”可知，Paul Bloom认为共情可能引导人们偏向那些他们能直接联系到的个体，而不是基于需求的客观评估，可能导致不公平的决策。故选B项。
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·上海·期中）It’s not the crime but the cover-up. And it’s not the video but the reverberations (反响). In the past few weeks the term “quiet quitting” has entered conversations about the workplace. A 17-second clip on TikTok, a social-media platform, in which an American called Zaid Khan embraces the notion of not going above and beyond at work, has caused an awful lot of noise.
The video itself is amazingly anodyne (止痛的). A piano tinkles (发出叮当响). Bromides (陈词滥调) such as “Work is not your life” and “Your worth is not defined by your productive output” flash on the screen. Mr. Khan implies that time not spent hustling at work can be better spent playing with a bubble machine and admiring trees.
Dull or not, it stamped on a nerve. Workers approvingly shared their stories about deciding not to work overtime, about prioritizing work-life balance and about doing enough to get their job done without succumbing to burnout. Several bosses promptly lost their moorings (支撑点). Kevin O’Leary, a businessman-cum-television-personality, called it “the dumbest idea I’ve ever heard”. Arianna Huffington, another entrepreneur, wrote a LinkedIn post in which she described quiet quitting “as a step towards quitting on life”.
The fact that some employees feel unenthused about their work is hardly new. In all workplaces employees show varying degrees of commitment to their jobs. Some work late; others leave at 5 o’clock sharp; a few seem to do little more than respire (呼吸). A survey of workers around the world by Gallup, a pollster, found that only 21% of them are engaged by their jobs. The very idea of going above and beyond requires a distribution of effort, with less committed colleagues providing a baseline against which others can be judged. The nature of the work also matters: It is easier to be engaged by some jobs than others. It is unsurprising, too, that quiet quitting has a particular resonance now. Lots of employees feel detached from their work.
The bargain of hard work for higher pay is less attractive than it once was. A succession of big shocks, from the financial crisis of 2007-09 to the pandemic, has made career planning seem pointless to some. Higher salaries go less far in many places: Housing affordability is at its lowest level on record in Britain, according to Halifax, a lender. All of which may make some workers less motivated to pull all-nighters in search of a promotion.
The melodramatic (情节剧的) reaction of some bosses looks stranger at first glance. This is not the start of a revolution, after all. Mr. Khan’s post may have garnered 3.5m views on TikTok but the most viewed video on the platform has been seen 2.2bn times. Even slackers need to make money; showing application is still a pretty reliable way of getting ahead in the workplace.
Even so, for many chief executives, it may well feel as though the ground is shifting in new and disturbing ways. Consider the types of people who tend to make it to the corner office. These are individuals who almost certainly want to be on the highest rung of career ladder, who are heavily influenced by monetary incentives and who have made work their life. Quiet quitting is simply not in their make-up.
Yet old certainties about what motivates people have changed. The pursuit of purpose matters more than it did during the formative years of many of today’s bosses. The modern version of Gordon Gekko would run a social-impact fund and say “green is good”. Research published last year showed that coworkers and culture matter more to people’s sense of job satisfaction than pay, a blow to anyone who thinks that the prospect of landing a bigger pay cheque is all it takes to gin up wild enthusiasm.
The quiet-quitting kerfuffle (混乱) tells a tale of two alienated groups. One comprises those disenchanted employees who wonder what the point is of working themselves to the bone. The other is a less obvious tribe: those in the corporate elite whose way of thinking about the workplace is under threat.
13. According to the passage, which of the following cases best exemplifies “quiet quitting”
A. Romeo quit his job without informing his boss in advance.
B. Denis improves her performance slowly at the cost of due efficiency.
C. Patrick is often absent from work without asking for leave.
D. Leslie only does the bare minimum at work.
14. Which of the following statements is true
A. Bosses on the whole are eager to advocate the idea of quiet quitting.
B. Most employees are still effectively driven by the financial incentives to work harder.
C. “Quiet quitting” resonates with many employees, who are becoming less committed to their job now.
D. Even people in the top executive positions identify with quiet quitting and start to take action.
15. The writer mentioned the example of “the modern version of Gordon Gekko” in Paragraph 8 to illustrate that ______.
A. recently profits matter most for companies even at the cost of damaging the environment
B. bosses at present have a sense of purpose in mind and prioritize their employees’ job satisfaction than ever before
C. it’s a trend currently to add the notion of environmental protection into a company’s operating philosophy
D. businessmen nowadays value social welfare much more when running their business
16. Which one is the best title for the passage
A. Loud About Quiet Quitting B. It’s Time to Lie Flat
C. The Current Working Environment D. No Time for Quiet Quitting
【答案】13. D 14. C 15. D 16. A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、议论文
【导语】这是一篇议论文，文章通过摆事实、讲道理、分析原因及影响等方式来表达作者对于 “quiet quitting” 这一职场现象的看法以及对相关群体理念变化的剖析。
13. 细节理解题。根据文章第一段的“In the past few weeks the term “quiet quitting” has entered conversations about the workplace. A 17-second clip on TikTok, a social-media platform, in which an American called Zaid Khan embraces the notion of not going above and beyond at work, has caused an awful lot of noise. (在过去的几周里，“安静离职” 这个词已经进入了职场相关的讨论范畴。在社交媒体平台TikTok上有一段 17 秒的视频，视频中一位名叫扎伊德 汗的美国人宣扬在工作中不做额外努力的理念，这段视频引起了极大的轰动。)”可知，“quiet quitting” 指的是员工在工作中不超额付出，只做完成工作所必需的最低限度的事情。故选D项。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段的“Workers approvingly shared their stories about deciding not to work overtime, about prioritizing work-life balance and about doing enough to get their job done without succumbing to burnout. Several bosses promptly lost their moorings (支撑点). (工人们纷纷赞许地分享了他们的经历，比如决定不加班、优先考虑工作与生活的平衡，以及在完成工作任务的同时避免过度劳累。而一些老板们则立刻乱了阵脚。) ”可知，这一理念确实引起了很多员工的共鸣，且员工对工作的投入程度有所改变。故选C项。
15. 推理判断题。根据文章第八段的“Yet old certainties about what motivates people have changed. The pursuit of purpose matters more than it did during the formative years of many of today’s bosses. The modern version of Gordon Gekko would run a social-impact fund and say “green is good”. (然而，关于激励人们的那些旧有确定性因素已经发生了变化。如今，对目标的追求比许多现任老板们在成长时期更为重要。现代版的戈登 盖柯会运营一支社会影响力基金，并宣称 “环保有益”。) ”可知，现在的老板们不像过去只看重利益，他们更注重追求目标，比如会将环保等理念融入公司经营理念中。故选D项。
16. 标题判断题。文章围绕 “quiet quitting” 展开，既讲述了员工对这一理念的共鸣以及他们在工作中的相应表现，也提到了老板们对此的强烈反应，整个讨论围绕 “quiet quitting” 进行得很热烈。故选A项。
C&D 5
（2024·河南·模拟预测）There is a tendency among how-to enthusiasts to talk about creativity as if it had fixed objectives: things you know from the start will turn out to be novels or pieces of music. Writers and musicians who have suffered the uncertainties of creation believe that this is an unlikely thing. If they have to talk about it, they just cite “artistic vision” and leave it at that.
Some writers claim that they can identify a model and knock out a thriller. Positions are adopted: “story” is three acts and a cast of characters. Well, maybe so, but novels aren’t cookie moulds (模具). And Mozart didn’t write his music in something called “sonata form”. These terms come later, after the job is done.
Scientists call this need to follow a model the set effect. It finds that a general tendency exists to favour known methods in problem-solving at the expense of alternatives. If you have ever tried a key in a lock and discovered that, though there are other keys to be tried, you prefer to keep jiggling (摆弄) the one that doesn’t fit, then you have shown this tendency.
The set effect is also a good way of describing what can happen when an artistic approach stops producing results. A few years ago, when I finished Murmur, a novel about Turing, I knew I wouldn’t be working that way again. Nevertheless, I still tried a second fiction and, undoubtedly, failed.
When Mozart spoke of understanding his musical compositions visually, he wasn’t being poetic. He was literally describing his “artistic vision”. It’s just like when a bee flies sideways, the location of a flower is revealed as much by that motion as by the flower itself. Perhaps artistic vision is a part of physical seeing, in which our expectations for a work are not as important as the work’s rising shape; where looking sideways matters more than locked-on focus. Creative projects and artistic vision are a part of our animal response to the world, dynamic and not fixed.
17. How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A. By making comparisons.
B. By presenting different opinions.
C. By illustrating a particular phenomenon.
D. By demonstrating similarities among artists.
18. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply
A. Writing is unlike cooking.
B. Creating never follows a set pattern.
C. Writers should learn from Mozart.
D. Writers should abandon writing moulds.
19. What do we know about the set effect
A. It is a need to solve problems with fixed patterns.
B. It is the best way to solve problem.
C. It explains people’s tendency to make choices.
D. It results in people’s improper behaviours.
20. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Bees’ movement models after humans’.
B. Creation process is dynamic.
C. Mozart composed music visually.
D. Illustrations of artistic vision.
【答案】17. B 18. B 19. A 20. D
【难度】0.4
【知识点】议论文、音乐与舞蹈
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要探讨了创作过程中的不确定性和艺术的多样性。文章指出，艺术没有明确的规则和结构，强调艺术视野和创作过程是动态的，而非固定不变的。
17. 推理判断题。根据文章第一段“There is a tendency among how-to enthusiasts to talk about creativity as if it had fixed objectives: things you know from the start will turn out to be novels or pieces of music. Writers and musicians who have suffered the uncertainties of creation believe that this is an unlikely thing.(在如何操作的爱好者中，有一种倾向是将创造力视为有固定目标的东西：你从一开始就知道的事情最终会变成小说或音乐作品。那些经历过创作不确定性的作家和音乐家认为这是不太可能的事情)”可知，作者通过呈现两种不同的观点来引入文章主题，即一种观点认为创作有固定目标，另一种观点认为创作具有不确定性。故选B。
18. 词句猜测题。根据上文“Some writers claim that they can identify a model and knock out a thriller. Positions are adopted: ‘story’ is three acts and a cast of characters. Well, maybe so, but ... (一些作家声称他们能够识别出一个模式并快速创作出一部惊悚小说。他们采取这样的立场：“故事”由三幕和一组角色构成。好吧，也许是这样，但是……）”可知，一些作家声称他们可以根据一个模式写出一部惊悚小说，认为故事包括三幕和一组角色，然后作者用“but”转折，指出小说不是饼干模具，由此可推断出作者想表达的是创作不是按照固定模式进行的，即创作从不遵循固定的模式。故选B。
19. 推理判断题。根据文章第三段“Scientists call this need to follow a model the set effect. It finds that a general tendency exists to favour known methods in problem-solving at the expense of alternatives.(科学家将这种遵循模式的需要称为固定效应。它发现，在解决问题时，人们普遍存在一种倾向，即倾向于使用已知的方法，而牺牲其他替代方法)”可知，固定效应是人们倾向于用固定模式或已知方法解决问题的需要。故选A。
20. 主旨大意题。最后一段第一句提到“When Mozart spoke of understanding his musical compositions visually, he wasn’t being poetic. He was literally describing his ‘artistic vision’. (当莫扎特谈到他用视觉理解他的音乐作品时，他并不是在诗意地表达。他实际上是在描述他的‘艺术视野’)”；接下来的内容都是对“artistic vision”的解释和阐述，比如“Perhaps artistic vision is a part of physical seeing, in which our expectations for a work are not as important as the work’s rising shape; where looking sideways matters more than locked-on focus.(也许艺术视野是物理视觉的一部分，在其中我们对作品的期望并不像作品的上升形态那么重要；在那里，从侧面看比锁定焦点更重要)”可知，最后一段主要讲的是对“艺术视野”的阐释。故选D。45.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之议论文
能力提升组组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之围绕传统价值观在现代社会的相关性 议论文 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之围绕发明与需求的关系纠正人们对于发明与需求关系 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之共情与同情的区别 议论文 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之“quiet quitting” 这一职场现象的看法以及对相关群体理念变化的剖析 议论文 难（0.4）
C&D 5 人与社会之创作过程中的不确定性和艺术的多样性 议论文 难（0.4）
【技巧点拨】
提高英语阅读理解议论文的解题能力需要从知识积累、技能提升、练习巩固等多个方面入手，以下是一些具体方法：
丰富基础知识
扩充词汇量：词汇是理解文章的基础，通过制定合理的词汇背诵计划，如每天背诵 30-50 个单词，利用单词书、APP 等工具，结合语境记忆词汇，不仅要掌握单词的基本含义，还要了解其常见搭配、词性变化和一词多义等情况。
巩固语法知识：系统学习英语语法，重点掌握从句、非谓语动词、虚拟语气等复杂语法结构，通过分析句子成分、判断句子类型来理解长难句的含义，每周可以进行 3-5 篇长难句分析练习，提高对句子的理解能力。
提升阅读技能
学会快速浏览：在阅读文章前，先快速浏览标题、首尾段、每段首句等，了解文章的主题、结构和大致内容，掌握文章的整体框架，明确作者的写作意图和观点倾向，为后续的细节阅读做好准备，培养从整体上把握文章的能力。
加强精读训练：对文章中的重点段落、长难句和与题目相关的内容进行精读，分析句子结构、语法运用和词汇含义，理解作者的论证思路和逻辑关系，在精读过程中，标注出关键词、关键句和重要信息，加深对文章的理解。
加强专项练习
针对题型训练：了解阅读理解议论文常见的题型，如主旨大意题、细节理解题、推理判断题、词义猜测题等，掌握每种题型的解题技巧和方法。针对不同题型进行专项练习，分析自己在每种题型上的易错点和薄弱环节，有针对性地进行强化训练，提高解题能力。
定期模拟考试：按照高考的考试时间和要求，每周进行 1-2 次英语阅读理解的模拟考试，在模拟考试过程中，合理分配答题时间，提高阅读速度和答题效率，适应考试节奏和氛围，同时通过模拟考试发现自己在解题过程中存在的问题，及时调整学习方法和策略。
做好总结反思
分析错题原因：做完题目后，认真分析每一道错题的原因，如是否是因为单词不认识、语法理解错误、没有理解文章的逻辑关系、没有掌握解题技巧等，针对不同的原因，采取相应的改进措施，避免在下次考试中犯同样的错误。
总结答题技巧：在练习过程中，不断总结归纳阅读理解议论文的答题技巧和规律，如如何快速定位答案、如何排除干扰选项、如何根据上下文猜测词义等，将这些技巧和规律整理成笔记，经常复习和运用，提高解题的准确性和效率。
增加阅读量
阅读英文报刊杂志：如《纽约时报》《卫报》《时代周刊》等，这些报刊杂志中的文章涵盖了各种话题和体裁，语言规范、地道，通过阅读可以拓宽知识面，熟悉不同的话题和语言表达方式，提高对议论文的理解能力，每周可以阅读 2-3 篇相关文章。
阅读英文原著：选择适合自己水平的英文原著，如《小王子》《夏洛的网》等，阅读原著可以感受英语语言的魅力，提高语感和阅读兴趣，在阅读过程中，学会分析作者的观点和论证方法，提升对议论文的鉴赏能力，每月可以阅读 1-2 本英文原著。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
relevance A. 忠诚；忠实；忠贞
perseverance B. 和谐；协调；融洽
loyalty C. 毅力；韧性；不屈不挠的精神
harmony D. 相关性；关联；实用性
efficiency E. 效率；效能；功效
第二组
inclusive A. 追求；追赶；追捕
pursuit B. 坚持；维持；断言
uphold C. 包容的；广泛的；包括一切的
prosperous D. 繁荣的；兴旺的；富裕的
integrate E. 使合并；使融入；使一体化
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
fulfilled A. 类别；种类；范畴
category B. 感知到的；察觉到的
perceived C. 满足的；有成就感的；实现的
tinkering D. 摆弄；捣鼓；小修小补
device E. 装置；设备；手段
第二组
application A. 缺席；缺乏；不存在
absence B. 公众；民众；志趣相同的群体
public C. 原型；雏形；最初形态
prototype D. 申请；应用；涂抹
propel E. 推进；推动；驱使
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
empathy A. 动机；激发；使有动机
motivate B. 慈善机构；慈善；施舍
charity C. 困境；进退两难的局面
dilemma D. 受益人；受惠者
beneficiary E. 共情；同感；共鸣
第二组
awareness A. 匿名的；无名的；无特色的
anonymous B. 延长；拉长；拖长
prolong C. 值得做的；值得支持的；有价值的
worthy D. 区别；差别；对比
distinction E. 意识；认识；知道
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
clip A. （使）发出叮当声；发清脆声
tinkle B. 片段；剪辑；修剪
imply C. 冲昏头脑；使失去理智
succumb D. 意味着；暗示；说明
detach E. 屈服；屈从；抵挡不住
unenthusiasm F. 使分开；使脱离；拆卸
第二组
slacker A. 连续；一系列；一连串
succession B. 激励；刺激；鼓舞
incentive C. 逃避工作的人；偷懒的人
kerfuffle D. 混乱；喧闹；动乱
alienate E. 使疏远；使不友好；离间
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
tendency A. 确定；认同；识别
identify B. 倾向；趋势；偏好
thriller C. 惊险小说（或戏剧、电影）
adopt D. 采用；采取；收养
mould E. 模具；铸模；性格
第二组
literally A. 无疑；确实；毫不怀疑地
undoubtedly B. 照字面地；真正地；确实地
reveal C. 侧面；侧部；斜向一边
sideways D. 揭示；显示；透露
dynamic E. 动态的；充满活力的；动力的
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·陕西西安·阶段练习）In the fast-paced and ever-changing modern world, the question of the relevance of traditional values has become a topic of much debate. Traditional values, which include concepts such as honesty, respect, loyalty, and perseverance, have been passed down through generations.
On one hand, traditional values serve as a moral compass. They provide individuals with a set of guidelines for how to behave and interact with others. For example, honesty is crucial in building trust in personal and professional relationships. In a business setting, if employees are honest about their work progress and any potential issues, it can lead to more efficient problem-solving and a better working environment. Respect for others, regardless of their background or status, promotes social harmony and reduces conflicts. When people respect different opinions and cultures, they are more likely to have meaningful and inclusive conversations.
On the other hand, some may argue that traditional values are outdated and do not fit into the modern context. They claim that the modern society is more individualistic and focused on self-actualization. However, this view is shortsighted. Traditional values can still adapt and thrive in modern society. For instance, loyalty in the workplace can now be seen as loyalty to a team’s goals and values rather than just to a single employer. Perseverance is essential in the face of the numerous challenges and setbacks that individuals encounter in their pursuit of education, career, and personal growth.
Moreover, traditional values can act as a stabilizing force in a society that is constantly bombarded with new trends and technologies. They give people a sense of continuity and belonging. When families uphold traditional values such as strong family bonds and mutual support, it provides a nurturing environment for individuals, especially children, to grow up in.
In conclusion, traditional values still hold significant value in modern society. They are not relics of the past but rather an important foundation upon which a healthy and prosperous society can be built. We should strive to preserve and promote these values while also allowing them to evolve and integrate with the modern way of life.
1. According to the passage, what is one way honesty benefits in a business environment
A. It helps employees get promoted faster. B. It leads to more effective problem-solving.
C. It makes the company more profitable. D. It reduces the workload of managers.
2. The author’s attitude towards the view that traditional values are outdated is ________.
A. supportive B. neutral C. critical D. indifferent
3. What is the main idea of this passage
A. Traditional values should be completely replaced.
B. The negative impacts of traditional values in modern society.
C. The importance and relevance of traditional values in modern society.
D. How to promote individualism in modern society.
4. The word “shortsighted” in Paragraph 3 probably means ________.
A. having a limited view B. being very practical
C. having a clear vision D. being very open-minded
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·浙江·阶段练习）It is a common view that “Necessity is the mother of invention.” That is, inventions supposedly arise when a society has an unfulfilled need. Quite a few inventions do fit in this category. For example, in 1794 Eli Whitney invented cotton gins to replace laborious hand cleaning of cotton grown in the U. S. South.
Such familiar examples fool us into assuming that other major inventions were also responses to perceived needs. In fact, most inventions were developed by people driven by curiosity or by a love of tinkering (捣鼓). Once a device had been invented, the inventor then had to find an application for it. Only after it had been in use for a considerable time did consumers come to feel that they “needed” it. Thus, invention is often the mother of necessity, rather than vice versa.
A good example is the history of the motor vehicle which was not invented in response to any demand. When Nikolaus Otto built his first gas engine in 1866, it was weak, heavy, and seven feet tall. Thirty years later, he built the first truck. But it was a time when horse wagons and steam-powered railroads dominated transportation. Public contentment with these two means remained high until World War I when the armies concluded that they really did need trucks, which eventually made those vehicles a substitute for horse-drawn wagons in industrialized countries.
Inventors often have to persist at their tinkering for a long time in the absence of public demand, because early models perform too poorly to be useful. For instance, the first cameras, typewriters, and television sets were as awful as Otto’s seven-foot-tall gas engine. That makes it difficult for an inventor to foresee whether his or her awful prototype might eventually find a use and thus invest more time and expense to develop it. Even inventions that meet the need for which they were initially designed may later prove more valuable at meeting unforeseen needs. While James Watt designed his steam engine to pump water from mines, it soon was supplying power to cotton mills, then (with much greater profit) propelling trains and boats.
5. Why does the writer mention Eli Whitney in the first paragraph
A. To clarify a doubt. B. To illustrate a view.
C. To introduce the topic. D. To evaluate a statement.
6. What contributed to the popularity of motor vehicles
A. Military demands. B. Powerful engines.
C. Creative designs. D. Public satisfaction.
7. What does the underlined word “That” refer to in the last paragraph
A. A lack of money and time. B. Absence of public demand.
C. Bad performance of early models. D. Awful looks of previous inventions.
8. Which of the following is the best title for the text
A. Social Need: the Inner Drive for Invention
B. Great Invention: the Force of Society’s Progress
C. General Application: the Final Purpose of Invention
D. Beyond Necessity: the Curious Pursuit of Invention
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·全国·阶段练习）Paul Bloom, a psychologist at Yale University, defines empathy (共情) as the act of stepping into someone’s mind to experience their feelings and it’s what he takes issue with. “Experiencing someone else’s pain will motivate us to care about and help that person,” he writes, “However, it leads to some moral dilemmas.”
Bloom tells the story of a 10-year-old girl called Sheri Summers, who has a deadly disease. Doctors have placed Sheri on a waiting list for a treatment that will potentially prolong her life. Sadly, this very bright, very brave girl learns she has weeks or months before that happens. When participants in a study were presented with Sheri’s story, around three-quarters moved her up the list to get her treatment earlier. Yet, doing so could mean every other child above her on the list would have to wait even longer, many of whom might be more deserving.
People are much more likely to open their hearts — or wallets — when there is a visible beneficiary (受益人) whose pain could be eased. The charity that campaigns with a single story of a named, suffering child may win more donations compared with the charity that only displays statistics describing 1,000 anonymous (匿名的) children.
There’s nothing wrong with using personal stories to raise awareness of a worthy cause, but the identifiable victim effect does nevertheless take billions of dollars away from where it could do more good for a greater number of people.
The research suggests that we ought to start making a clearer distinction between empathy and its apparent synonym (同义词): “sympathy”. To be sympathetic, it is more about the idea of extending kindness towards others.
Bloom uses the example of an adult comforting a child who is terrified of a small, barking dog. The adult doesn’t need to feel the child’s fear to help. “There can be sympathy for the child, a desire to make his or her fear go away, without any shared experience or empathetic discomfort,” he writes.
9. What does the phrase “take issue with” in Paragraph 1 probably mean
A. Disagree with. B. In favor of. C. Take into account. D. Commit to.
10. Why does Bloom tell the story of Sheri
A. To arouse the readers’ sympathy. B. To criticize the participants’ choice.
C. To illustrate what the moral dilemma is. D. To explain why participants show sympathy.
11. How does the identifiable victim effect influence people
A. It makes people more willing to help or donate.
B. It helps people take much money away from the victims.
C. It raises people’s awareness of requiring visible beneficiaries.
D. It strengthens people’s willingness to help the anonymous.
12. What is Paul Bloom’s view on “empathy”
A. He sees no difference between empathy and sympathy.
B. He believes empathy leads to less fair decision-making.
C. He believes empathy benefits efficient resource distribution.
D. He believes empathy improves analysis of charitable needs.
C&D 4
（24-25高三上·上海·期中）It’s not the crime but the cover-up. And it’s not the video but the reverberations (反响). In the past few weeks the term “quiet quitting” has entered conversations about the workplace. A 17-second clip on TikTok, a social-media platform, in which an American called Zaid Khan embraces the notion of not going above and beyond at work, has caused an awful lot of noise.
The video itself is amazingly anodyne (止痛的). A piano tinkles (发出叮当响). Bromides (陈词滥调) such as “Work is not your life” and “Your worth is not defined by your productive output” flash on the screen. Mr. Khan implies that time not spent hustling at work can be better spent playing with a bubble machine and admiring trees.
Dull or not, it stamped on a nerve. Workers approvingly shared their stories about deciding not to work overtime, about prioritizing work-life balance and about doing enough to get their job done without succumbing to burnout. Several bosses promptly lost their moorings (支撑点). Kevin O’Leary, a businessman-cum-television-personality, called it “the dumbest idea I’ve ever heard”. Arianna Huffington, another entrepreneur, wrote a LinkedIn post in which she described quiet quitting “as a step towards quitting on life”.
The fact that some employees feel unenthused about their work is hardly new. In all workplaces employees show varying degrees of commitment to their jobs. Some work late; others leave at 5 o’clock sharp; a few seem to do little more than respire (呼吸). A survey of workers around the world by Gallup, a pollster, found that only 21% of them are engaged by their jobs. The very idea of going above and beyond requires a distribution of effort, with less committed colleagues providing a baseline against which others can be judged. The nature of the work also matters: It is easier to be engaged by some jobs than others. It is unsurprising, too, that quiet quitting has a particular resonance now. Lots of employees feel detached from their work.
The bargain of hard work for higher pay is less attractive than it once was. A succession of big shocks, from the financial crisis of 2007-09 to the pandemic, has made career planning seem pointless to some. Higher salaries go less far in many places: Housing affordability is at its lowest level on record in Britain, according to Halifax, a lender. All of which may make some workers less motivated to pull all-nighters in search of a promotion.
The melodramatic (情节剧的) reaction of some bosses looks stranger at first glance. This is not the start of a revolution, after all. Mr. Khan’s post may have garnered 3.5m views on TikTok but the most viewed video on the platform has been seen 2.2bn times. Even slackers need to make money; showing application is still a pretty reliable way of getting ahead in the workplace.
Even so, for many chief executives, it may well feel as though the ground is shifting in new and disturbing ways. Consider the types of people who tend to make it to the corner office. These are individuals who almost certainly want to be on the highest rung of career ladder, who are heavily influenced by monetary incentives and who have made work their life. Quiet quitting is simply not in their make-up.
Yet old certainties about what motivates people have changed. The pursuit of purpose matters more than it did during the formative years of many of today’s bosses. The modern version of Gordon Gekko would run a social-impact fund and say “green is good”. Research published last year showed that coworkers and culture matter more to people’s sense of job satisfaction than pay, a blow to anyone who thinks that the prospect of landing a bigger pay cheque is all it takes to gin up wild enthusiasm.
The quiet-quitting kerfuffle (混乱) tells a tale of two alienated groups. One comprises those disenchanted employees who wonder what the point is of working themselves to the bone. The other is a less obvious tribe: those in the corporate elite whose way of thinking about the workplace is under threat.
13. According to the passage, which of the following cases best exemplifies “quiet quitting”
A. Romeo quit his job without informing his boss in advance.
B. Denis improves her performance slowly at the cost of due efficiency.
C. Patrick is often absent from work without asking for leave.
D. Leslie only does the bare minimum at work.
14. Which of the following statements is true
A. Bosses on the whole are eager to advocate the idea of quiet quitting.
B. Most employees are still effectively driven by the financial incentives to work harder.
C. “Quiet quitting” resonates with many employees, who are becoming less committed to their job now.
D. Even people in the top executive positions identify with quiet quitting and start to take action.
15. The writer mentioned the example of “the modern version of Gordon Gekko” in Paragraph 8 to illustrate that ______.
A. recently profits matter most for companies even at the cost of damaging the environment
B. bosses at present have a sense of purpose in mind and prioritize their employees’ job satisfaction than ever before
C. it’s a trend currently to add the notion of environmental protection into a company’s operating philosophy
D. businessmen nowadays value social welfare much more when running their business
16. Which one is the best title for the passage
A. Loud About Quiet Quitting B. It’s Time to Lie Flat
C. The Current Working Environment D. No Time for Quiet Quitting
C&D 5
（2024·河南·模拟预测）There is a tendency among how-to enthusiasts to talk about creativity as if it had fixed objectives: things you know from the start will turn out to be novels or pieces of music. Writers and musicians who have suffered the uncertainties of creation believe that this is an unlikely thing. If they have to talk about it, they just cite “artistic vision” and leave it at that.
Some writers claim that they can identify a model and knock out a thriller. Positions are adopted: “story” is three acts and a cast of characters. Well, maybe so, but novels aren’t cookie moulds (模具). And Mozart didn’t write his music in something called “sonata form”. These terms come later, after the job is done.
Scientists call this need to follow a model the set effect. It finds that a general tendency exists to favour known methods in problem-solving at the expense of alternatives. If you have ever tried a key in a lock and discovered that, though there are other keys to be tried, you prefer to keep jiggling (摆弄) the one that doesn’t fit, then you have shown this tendency.
The set effect is also a good way of describing what can happen when an artistic approach stops producing results. A few years ago, when I finished Murmur, a novel about Turing, I knew I wouldn’t be working that way again. Nevertheless, I still tried a second fiction and, undoubtedly, failed.
When Mozart spoke of understanding his musical compositions visually, he wasn’t being poetic. He was literally describing his “artistic vision”. It’s just like when a bee flies sideways, the location of a flower is revealed as much by that motion as by the flower itself. Perhaps artistic vision is a part of physical seeing, in which our expectations for a work are not as important as the work’s rising shape; where looking sideways matters more than locked-on focus. Creative projects and artistic vision are a part of our animal response to the world, dynamic and not fixed.
17. How does the author introduce the topic of the text
A. By making comparisons.
B. By presenting different opinions.
C. By illustrating a particular phenomenon.
D. By demonstrating similarities among artists.
18. What does the underlined sentence in paragraph 2 imply
A. Writing is unlike cooking.
B. Creating never follows a set pattern.
C. Writers should learn from Mozart.
D. Writers should abandon writing moulds.
19. What do we know about the set effect
A. It is a need to solve problems with fixed patterns.
B. It is the best way to solve problem.
C. It explains people’s tendency to make choices.
D. It results in people’s improper behaviours.
20. What does the last paragraph mainly talk about
A. Bees’ movement models after humans’.
B. Creation process is dynamic.
C. Mozart composed music visually.
D. Illustrations of artistic vision.
