54.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之新闻报道
能力提升 组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 学生版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之马可·波罗对中西方文化交流的突出贡献 新闻报道 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之中国14所大学的教授和学生发表恢复中国公民诚信声誉的论文，引发了热议 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之伊曼纽尔·帕顿童年时和母亲约定未来要一起毕业，共同努力，最终实现承诺 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之报道了Furniture Bank使用AI图像募捐引发的伦理争议 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
提高对英语长难句的分析能力需要从基础知识积累和练习技巧提升两方面入手，以下是一些具体方法：
积累基础知识
丰富词汇储备：词汇是理解句子的基础，掌握大量的词汇才能更好地理解长难句的含义。可以通过制定合理的词汇背诵计划，每天背诵一定数量的单词，并定期复习。同时，要注意词汇的一词多义、词性变化等，例如 “run” 这个词，常见的意思是 “跑”，但在 “a run of good luck” 中，它是 “一连串” 的意思；在 “He has a run in his stocking.” 中，又有 “（袜子上的）抽丝” 的意思。
精通语法规则：系统学习英语语法知识，包括句子成分、时态、语态、从句、非谓语动词等。可以通过语法书籍、在线课程等进行学习，并结合例句理解语法规则的应用。比如，要清楚定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，像 “The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.” 中，“which I bought yesterday” 就是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “book”。
熟悉常见句型：掌握一些英语中的常见句型结构，如强调句 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”、倒装句 “Only + 状语 + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他部分” 等。熟悉这些句型的特点和用法，有助于在遇到长难句时快速识别和分析。
提升练习技巧
多做句子分析练习：选取一些包含长难句的文章，如英语新闻、学术论文、文学作品等，对其中的长难句进行专门分析。可以先从简单的长难句开始，逐步增加难度。分析时，先找出句子的主干部分，即主谓宾或主系表，然后再分析其他修饰成分，如定语、状语、补语等，以及它们与主干的关系。例如，对于句子 “With the development of technology, people who are living in the 21st century can enjoy a more convenient life than those in the past.”，先确定主干是 “people can enjoy a life”，“With the development of technology” 是状语，“who are living in the 21st century” 是定语从句修饰 “people”，“than those in the past” 是比较状语。
进行翻译实践：将长难句准确地翻译成中文也是提高分析能力的有效方法。在翻译过程中，需要根据英语的语法结构和逻辑关系，调整语序，使译文符合中文的表达习惯。通过不断地翻译练习，能更好地理解长难句的结构和含义。比如，“The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.” 可以翻译为 “他什么都没说，这一事实让每个人都很惊讶”，这里要注意将同位语从句 “that he had not said anything” 的内容提前，以符合中文的表达习惯。
朗读与背诵长难句：通过朗读和背诵长难句，可以增强语感，帮助更好地理解句子的结构和节奏。在朗读过程中，注意句子的停顿、重音等，感受句子的语法结构和逻辑关系。背诵一些经典的长难句，还能加深对句子结构的记忆，在遇到类似结构的句子时能够更快地理解和分析。
借助工具和资源：利用语法分析软件、在线词典等工具辅助学习。语法分析软件可以帮助分析句子的语法结构，标注出句子成分、词性等信息，如 Grammarly 等。在线词典不仅可以查询单词的释义，还能查看单词的用法例句，帮助理解词汇在句子中的作用。此外，还可以参加英语学习论坛、社区，与其他学习者交流长难句分析的经验和技巧，共同提高。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
merchant A. 中间人；调解人
intermediary B. 宫廷；朝廷；球场
court C. 商人；批发商
destination D. 旅程；旅行；行程
voyage E. 目的地；终点
第二组
account A. 洞察力；领悟；深刻见解
insight B. 贸易；行业；做生意
trade C. 记录；描述；账户
navigation D. 导航；航行；航海
renaissance E. 文艺复兴；复兴
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
backbone A. 续期；更新；重建
renewal B. 脊椎；支柱；骨干
leak C. 徒步；远足；拉起
hike D. 漏水；漏洞；泄漏
register E. 登记；注册；挂号
第二组
dues A. 成员资格；会员身份
membership B. 提供者；供应商
provider C. 陪伴；友情；伴侣
companionship D. 会费；应付款项
precipitous E. 仓促的；险峻的
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
reputation A. 分析；分解；化验
analysis B. 争议；争论；辩论
controversy C. 测量；度量；尺寸
measurement D. 名声；名誉；声望
academy E. 研究院；学会；专科院校
第二组
criteria A. 指标；指示器；指示剂
indicator B. 诚信；正直；完整
integrity C. 标准；准则；原则
negative D. 显著的；有重大意义的
significant E. 消极的；负面的；否定的
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
promise A. 履行；实现；完成
fulfill B. 学士学位；单身汉
bachelor C. 努力；艰难尝试；尽力
effort D. 答应；承诺；诺言
remarkable E. 非凡的；显著的；引人注目的
第二组
commitment A. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire B. 承诺；保证；奉献
coach C. 提升；举起；振奋
lift D. 教练；指导；训练
success E. 成功；胜利；成功的人或事
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
stare A. 慈善；慈善机构；施舍
charity B. 引起；唤起；唤醒
arouse C. 盯着看；凝视；注视
client D. 问题；陷阱；困境
catch E. 客户；委托人；顾客
第二组
isolation A. 抵抗；抵制；阻力
resistance B. 策略；战略；计谋
strategy C. 孤立；隔离；孤独
plagiarism D. 进化；演变；发展
evolution E. 抄袭；剽窃；剽窃物
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Marco Polo came from a family of merchants. His father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo already left Venice in 1261 to establish new relationships in the East, where they met Kublai Khan during this first journey.
Their meeting was one of the greatest encounters between East and West in history The brothers found in the Khan a man whose curiosity about the West matched theirs about the East. The relationship they built with the Mongols made them pioneering intermediaries (中间人), through whom knowledge of Europe and China could travel in both directions.
After returning to Venice, the brothers planned another journey to the court of Kublai Khan. This time, they would bring Niccolo’s son, Marco, who was a boy when his father last saw him ten years before, was now 17 years old. After three and a half years of travelling through Central Asia, the Polos eventually reached their royal destination. Marco, then aged 21, became one of the few to be received by Kublai Khan at his summer palace. During their 17 years of stay in China, Marco was sent on many journeys around the country and its neighboring lands. When the time came to return to Europe, the Polos’ sea voyage home was another journey, taking them through the South China Sea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra and Sri Lanka.
Marco’s account of his journey — called The Travels of Marco Polo — became a best-seller partly because of its new insights into a distant part of the world. While travelers’ tales from the ancient Silk Road had been distributed before, the wealth of information Marco provided on China and its surrounding lands was unparalleled at the time. Not only did it offer readers strange and fantastic details about faraway places, but the work also presented practical information of use to merchants who were interested in international trade.
Marco’s eagerness to record the goods being produced and how they could be transported caught the mood of the times. Information from The Travels was useful in improving maps of East Asia, which fed trade relations. This knowledge fueled a growing curiosity about the world as Europe moved into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery toward the end of the 1400s. Better navigation enabled eastward as well as westward trade in that period of exploration.
1．What is the significance of Niccolo and Mafeo’s encounter with Kublai Khan
A．Establishing a new industry B．Facilitating trade between them
C．Creating a new travel route D．Promoting mutual understanding
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The passion for Marco’s travel. B．The inspiration for Marco’s writing
C．The explanation of Marco’s travel. D．The insight into Marco’s writing.
3．Which factor leads to the widespread popularity of The Travels
A．Its multiple languages use. B．The first travel journal about China in the west.
C．Previously unknown information about the East. D．Adventurous tales from the ancient Silk Road.
4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．The invention of navigational aid was encouraged.
B．European knowledge about East Asia was shaped.
C．Further exploration westward was inspired in the East.
D．The Travels was a result of the Age of Discovery
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them.
So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in.
“We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.”
Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible.
Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.
For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away.
5．What is NOT mentioned as a problem the Allens meet with
A．Physical weakness due to the broken bone.
B．Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules.
C．Failure to handle certain fixing tasks due to limited mobility.
D．Difficulty in traveling to public places alone due to physical condition.
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．People like Allens gather to live in a special place for shared elderly caring.
B．The government arranges necessary services for people like Allens.
C．Senior people give up “aging in place” life mainly out of pressure from children.
D．“Aging in place” people pay to have necessary service staff on call.
7．The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A．alternative B．fake C．rushed D．joint
8．Which of the following is probably the title of the passage
A．US grey band fights to stay at home
B．Attention, US seniors are suffering
C．At home vs Nursing home-a hard choice for US seniors
D．US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）A paper published by professors and students from 14 Chinese universities aimed at restoring Chinese citizens reputation for honesty has triggered hot discussion on social media platforms.
More than 100 professors and students from the universities, along with a professor from Old Dominion University in the United States, conducted experiments at 500 different locations in China. Through data analysis, they invalided a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty.
The Chinese paper, titled “Unlocking controversies (争议) over civil honesty measurement: An extended field replication (复制) in China”, was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, or PNAS, in the US in July. It challenged the findings of a study conducted by four behavioral economists, including Alain Cohn from the University of Michigan, in 2019.
Cohn’s study involved a transnational experiment in which foreign research assistants handed in lost wallets to employees at public institutions such as hotels and banks, and measured civil honesty based on the response rate to email announcements about the wallets being found. The paper found that China ranked lowest among 40 countries.
Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries.
As the first and corresponding author of the paper “Unlocking controversies over civil honesty measurement”, Yang added, “It is thought that Cohn did not conduct extensive pilot experiments. In Western thinking, email is considered the standard method of communication.”
Another experiment conducted by group replication researchers found that although only 27. 4 percent of wallet owners were contacted by email, 77, 8 percent of the lost wallets were successfully returned. The important indicator of “wallet recovery rate” proved that Chinese citizens have a high level of integrity. The experiment found a significant negative relationship between the “email response rate” and the “national collectivism index”.
9．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Approved of. B．Argued against. C．Accounted for. D．Answered for.
10．Why does the author mention the paper published in Science
A．To seek support. B．To raise a hot discussion.
C．To clarify a phenomenon. D．To reveal false information.
11．What did Cohn’s study ignore
A．The limited participation in the experiment.
B．The various personalities of Chinese citizens.
C．The negative relationships between countries.
D．The different cultural backgrounds between countries.
12．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．“Email response rate” shows the accurate level of integrity.
B．“Wallet recovery rate” has a significant negative relationship between people.
C．“Wallet recovery rate” indicates Chinese citizens ranking high in terms of honesty.
D．“Email response rate” and “national collectivism index” are irrelevant to each other
C&D 4
（2024·重庆·三模）When Immanuel Patton from Maryland was five years old, he promised his mother that he and his mother would get their college degree at the same time. Now, that promise has been fulfilled; Both mother and son have graduated from the University of Maryland Global Campus.
It all started with a promise. When young Immanuel Patton was five years old, he told his mother that they would graduate together. His mother, Carolyn Patton, just wanted her son to graduate and wasn’t thinking about her own degree. But Immanuel never let his mom forget about the promise and in 2020, they both entered University of Maryland Global Campus.
Besides studying, Carolyn Patton works at Anne Arundel Community College and when they started classes that fall, it got harder to keep going. Especially when the classes got more advanced. But Immanuel Patton made sure his mother tried her best.
And their efforts paid off. In December 2023, both Carolyn and her son Immanuel graduated from college. Carolyn got a bachelor (学士) of arts degree in humanities and Immanuel got a science degree in public safety administration. The Pattons are very proud of their achievements. The University of Maryland Global Campus President Gregory Fowler talked about the achievements, saying the school is inspired by the Pattons’ commitment and support. He told Good Morning America:“… for Immanuel to make that promise at such a young age is truly remarkable. That we have helped him fulfill his childhood promise to Carolyn makes us all extremely proud. They were able to lift each other up at important times during their journey.”
Now that both of them have graduated, Carolyn will stay in her job today and Immanuel got a job at UMGC as a success coach.
13．Why did the mother agree to keep the promise to graduate together
A．To set a good example for her son. B．To give her son encouragement.
C．To push herself to keep studying. D．To please her naive young son.
14．What made Carolyn successfully achieve the degree
A．Her son’s continuous timely reminding. B．Just her own perseverance.
C．The university’s professional guidance. D．The requirement from her job.
15．What can we infer from the text
A．Carolyn will change her job right now.
B．The mother-and-son relationship will improve.
C．Immanuel will inspire more young students.
D．Immanuel will continue to earn higher degrees.
16．What message does the story carry to the readers
A．Well begun is half done. B．An early dream pushes you through life journey.
C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Promise produces great power for future growth.
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）A young mom stares out the window in an empty room, holding a baby. The striking image is meant to arouse sympathy for a charity campaign and to urge the viewer to ask: Who is this poor woman How can I help her
But there is a catch: The woman is not real.
Furniture Bank, a Toronto-based charity that collects used household items for people in need, switched to Al-generated images in its 2022 holiday campaign. The move raised a host of ethical (道德的) questions along with donations.
Executive director Dan Kershaw said that the lifelike scenes show the isolation of clients (客户的孤立无援) without objectifying (具体化) real people. Charities often use images of economically disadvantaged individuals to win public sympathy. Kershaw noted, “Without this strategy, they wouldn’t raise funds.” Studies suggest that images of negative emotions lead to larger donations than those with smiling faces. But there has been recent resistance to this long-existing practice. Critics argue that it can reinforce harmful stereotypes (刻板印象) and hurt its subjects.
In 2022, Kershaw took stories written by real clients, input them into the AI image generator Midjourney, and created 40 images. This allowed Furniture Bank to show some of the darkest moments in their clients’ lives without identifying them in any way.
Jon Dean, a sociology professor, said that AI is a step in the right direction in this case. It, however, doesn’t necessarily improve Furniture Bank’s images above traditional ones. While they’ve solved an ethical problem by not identifying individuals, Dean pointed out that these images still put the focus on individual suffering, rather than the root causes of that suffering.
Stowe Boyd, a researcher in tech evolution, noted that we are getting used to questioning every image we see online. While plagiarism (抄袭) has always existed, AI provides another way to“degrade the authenticity” in photography and writing. Whether authenticity matters is a more complicated question. But a news reporter quoting a fictional straw man in an article, or a charity pretending an Al image was real, would cross an ethical line, said Boyd.
17．What did Furniture Bank do in 2022
A．It hired a young mom to take more attractive photos.
B．It adopted an unconventional way to drive donations.
C．It bought a collection of useful household items for the poor.
D．It asked the clients to enter their stories into an AI image generator.
18．What is one of the problems of using individuals’ real photos in charity activities
A．It can trap donors in negative emotions. B．It is at a disadvantage in terms of quantity.
C．It can’t attract the attention of more groups. D．It harms the dignity of the people involved.
19．What is Jon Dean’s attitude towards the AI approach in charity
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Critical.
20．What does Stowe Boyd suggest in the last paragraph
A．Using AI with caution in charity activities.
B．Holding more talks on the use of AI in charity.
C．Applying AI to solve the problem of plagiarism.
D．Developing people’s ability to spot virtual pictures.54.【2025年高考英语分类练】阅读理解C&D篇之新闻报道
能力提升 组合卷
（试题说明+技巧点拨+单词清障+最新全国各地真题模拟题精选） 教师版
【试题说明】
语篇 主题语境 体裁 难度系数 适合阶段
C&D 1 人与社会之马可·波罗对中西方文化交流的突出贡献 新闻报道 适中（0.65） 2025届高三英语
C&D 2 人与社会之老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
C&D 3 人与社会之中国14所大学的教授和学生发表恢复中国公民诚信声誉的论文，引发了热议 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
C&D 4 人与社会之伊曼纽尔·帕顿童年时和母亲约定未来要一起毕业，共同努力，最终实现承诺 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
C&D 5 人与社会之报道了Furniture Bank使用AI图像募捐引发的伦理争议 新闻报道 适中（0.65）
【技巧点拨】
提高对英语长难句的分析能力需要从基础知识积累和练习技巧提升两方面入手，以下是一些具体方法：
积累基础知识
丰富词汇储备：词汇是理解句子的基础，掌握大量的词汇才能更好地理解长难句的含义。可以通过制定合理的词汇背诵计划，每天背诵一定数量的单词，并定期复习。同时，要注意词汇的一词多义、词性变化等，例如 “run” 这个词，常见的意思是 “跑”，但在 “a run of good luck” 中，它是 “一连串” 的意思；在 “He has a run in his stocking.” 中，又有 “（袜子上的）抽丝” 的意思。
精通语法规则：系统学习英语语法知识，包括句子成分、时态、语态、从句、非谓语动词等。可以通过语法书籍、在线课程等进行学习，并结合例句理解语法规则的应用。比如，要清楚定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句，通常由关系代词或关系副词引导，像 “The book which I bought yesterday is very interesting.” 中，“which I bought yesterday” 就是一个定语从句，修饰先行词 “book”。
熟悉常见句型：掌握一些英语中的常见句型结构，如强调句 “It is/was + 被强调部分 + that/who + 其他部分”、倒装句 “Only + 状语 + 助动词 / 系动词 / 情态动词 + 主语 + 其他部分” 等。熟悉这些句型的特点和用法，有助于在遇到长难句时快速识别和分析。
提升练习技巧
多做句子分析练习：选取一些包含长难句的文章，如英语新闻、学术论文、文学作品等，对其中的长难句进行专门分析。可以先从简单的长难句开始，逐步增加难度。分析时，先找出句子的主干部分，即主谓宾或主系表，然后再分析其他修饰成分，如定语、状语、补语等，以及它们与主干的关系。例如，对于句子 “With the development of technology, people who are living in the 21st century can enjoy a more convenient life than those in the past.”，先确定主干是 “people can enjoy a life”，“With the development of technology” 是状语，“who are living in the 21st century” 是定语从句修饰 “people”，“than those in the past” 是比较状语。
进行翻译实践：将长难句准确地翻译成中文也是提高分析能力的有效方法。在翻译过程中，需要根据英语的语法结构和逻辑关系，调整语序，使译文符合中文的表达习惯。通过不断地翻译练习，能更好地理解长难句的结构和含义。比如，“The fact that he had not said anything surprised everybody.” 可以翻译为 “他什么都没说，这一事实让每个人都很惊讶”，这里要注意将同位语从句 “that he had not said anything” 的内容提前，以符合中文的表达习惯。
朗读与背诵长难句：通过朗读和背诵长难句，可以增强语感，帮助更好地理解句子的结构和节奏。在朗读过程中，注意句子的停顿、重音等，感受句子的语法结构和逻辑关系。背诵一些经典的长难句，还能加深对句子结构的记忆，在遇到类似结构的句子时能够更快地理解和分析。
借助工具和资源：利用语法分析软件、在线词典等工具辅助学习。语法分析软件可以帮助分析句子的语法结构，标注出句子成分、词性等信息，如 Grammarly 等。在线词典不仅可以查询单词的释义，还能查看单词的用法例句，帮助理解词汇在句子中的作用。此外，还可以参加英语学习论坛、社区，与其他学习者交流长难句分析的经验和技巧，共同提高。
【词汇清障】
C&D 1 词汇连线题
第一组
merchant A. 中间人；调解人
intermediary B. 宫廷；朝廷；球场
court C. 商人；批发商
destination D. 旅程；旅行；行程
voyage E. 目的地；终点
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
第二组
account A. 洞察力；领悟；深刻见解
insight B. 贸易；行业；做生意
trade C. 记录；描述；账户
navigation D. 导航；航行；航海
renaissance E. 文艺复兴；复兴
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - D；5 - E
C&D 2 词汇连线题
第一组
backbone A. 续期；更新；重建
renewal B. 脊椎；支柱；骨干
leak C. 徒步；远足；拉起
hike D. 漏水；漏洞；泄漏
register E. 登记；注册；挂号
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
dues A. 成员资格；会员身份
membership B. 提供者；供应商
provider C. 陪伴；友情；伴侣
companionship D. 会费；应付款项
precipitous E. 仓促的；险峻的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 3 词汇连线题
第一组
reputation A. 分析；分解；化验
analysis B. 争议；争论；辩论
controversy C. 测量；度量；尺寸
measurement D. 名声；名誉；声望
academy E. 研究院；学会；专科院校
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
criteria A. 指标；指示器；指示剂
indicator B. 诚信；正直；完整
integrity C. 标准；准则；原则
negative D. 显著的；有重大意义的
significant E. 消极的；负面的；否定的
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
C&D 4 词汇连线题
第一组
promise A. 履行；实现；完成
fulfill B. 学士学位；单身汉
bachelor C. 努力；艰难尝试；尽力
effort D. 答应；承诺；诺言
remarkable E. 非凡的；显著的；引人注目的
答案：1 - D；2 - A；3 - B；4 - C；5 - E
第二组
commitment A. 激励；鼓舞；赋予灵感
inspire B. 承诺；保证；奉献
coach C. 提升；举起；振奋
lift D. 教练；指导；训练
success E. 成功；胜利；成功的人或事
答案：1 - B；2 - A；3 - D；4 - C；5 - E
C&D 5 词汇连线题
第一组
stare A. 慈善；慈善机构；施舍
charity B. 引起；唤起；唤醒
arouse C. 盯着看；凝视；注视
client D. 问题；陷阱；困境
catch E. 客户；委托人；顾客
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
第二组
isolation A. 抵抗；抵制；阻力
resistance B. 策略；战略；计谋
strategy C. 孤立；隔离；孤独
plagiarism D. 进化；演变；发展
evolution E. 抄袭；剽窃；剽窃物
答案：1 - C；2 - A；3 - B；4 - E；5 - D
【习题精做】
第一部分 阅读理解
第一节 (共15小题；每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
C&D 1
（24-25高三上·湖北·阶段练习）Marco Polo came from a family of merchants. His father Niccolo and uncle Maffeo already left Venice in 1261 to establish new relationships in the East, where they met Kublai Khan during this first journey.
Their meeting was one of the greatest encounters between East and West in history The brothers found in the Khan a man whose curiosity about the West matched theirs about the East. The relationship they built with the Mongols made them pioneering intermediaries (中间人), through whom knowledge of Europe and China could travel in both directions.
After returning to Venice, the brothers planned another journey to the court of Kublai Khan. This time, they would bring Niccolo’s son, Marco, who was a boy when his father last saw him ten years before, was now 17 years old. After three and a half years of travelling through Central Asia, the Polos eventually reached their royal destination. Marco, then aged 21, became one of the few to be received by Kublai Khan at his summer palace. During their 17 years of stay in China, Marco was sent on many journeys around the country and its neighboring lands. When the time came to return to Europe, the Polos’ sea voyage home was another journey, taking them through the South China Sea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra and Sri Lanka.
Marco’s account of his journey — called The Travels of Marco Polo — became a best-seller partly because of its new insights into a distant part of the world. While travelers’ tales from the ancient Silk Road had been distributed before, the wealth of information Marco provided on China and its surrounding lands was unparalleled at the time. Not only did it offer readers strange and fantastic details about faraway places, but the work also presented practical information of use to merchants who were interested in international trade.
Marco’s eagerness to record the goods being produced and how they could be transported caught the mood of the times. Information from The Travels was useful in improving maps of East Asia, which fed trade relations. This knowledge fueled a growing curiosity about the world as Europe moved into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery toward the end of the 1400s. Better navigation enabled eastward as well as westward trade in that period of exploration.
1．What is the significance of Niccolo and Mafeo’s encounter with Kublai Khan
A．Establishing a new industry B．Facilitating trade between them
C．Creating a new travel route D．Promoting mutual understanding
2．What is paragraph 3 mainly about
A．The passion for Marco’s travel. B．The inspiration for Marco’s writing
C．The explanation of Marco’s travel. D．The insight into Marco’s writing.
3．Which factor leads to the widespread popularity of The Travels
A．Its multiple languages use. B．The first travel journal about China in the west.
C．Previously unknown information about the East. D．Adventurous tales from the ancient Silk Road.
4．What can we learn from the last two paragraphs
A．The invention of navigational aid was encouraged.
B．European knowledge about East Asia was shaped.
C．Further exploration westward was inspired in the East.
D．The Travels was a result of the Age of Discovery
【答案】1．D 2．B 3．C 4．B
【难度】0.65
【知识点】旅游观光、新闻报道、文化传播
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍了马可·波罗对中西方文化交流的突出贡献。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第二段中“Their meeting was one of the greatest encounters between East and West in history.The brothers found in the Khan a man whose curiosity about the West matched theirs about the East. (他们的会面是历史上东西方之间最伟大的相遇之一。兄弟俩在可汗身上发现了一个对西方的好奇心与他们对东方的好奇心相匹配的人)”可知，他们的相遇促进了东西方知识的双向传播，也就是增进了相互的了解，所以其意义在于促进相互理解。故选D。
2．主旨大意题。根据第三段“After returning to Venice, the brothers planned another journey to the court of Kublai Khan. This time, they would bring Niccolo’s son, Marco, who was a boy when his father last saw him ten years before, was now 17 years old. After three and a half years of travelling through Central Asia, the Polos eventually reached their royal destination. Marco, then aged 21, became one of the few to be received by Kublai Khan at his summer palace. During their 17 years of stay in China, Marco was sent on many journeys around the country and its neighboring lands. When the time came to return to Europe, the Polos’ sea voyage home was another journey, taking them through the South China Sea, Vietnam, Malaysia, Sumatra and Sri Lanka. (回到威尼斯后，兄弟俩计划再次前往忽必烈汗的宫廷。这一次，他们将带上尼科洛的儿子马可，自从十年前父亲上次见到他时还是个男孩，现在已经17岁了。经过三年半的中亚旅行，波罗一家最终到达了他们的皇家目的地。当时21岁的马可成为了少数被忽必烈汗在其夏宫接见的人之一。在他们在中国停留的17年里，马可被派往全国各地及其邻国进行了许多旅行。当返回欧洲的时间到来时，波罗一家回家的海上旅程是另一段旅程，他们穿越了南海、越南、马来西亚、苏门答腊和斯里兰卡)”可知，第三段主要讲述的是马可·波罗在中国及周边游历的过程，为他日后写书提供了素材，也是他游记的来源和灵感。故选B。
3．推理判断题。根据第四段中“While travelers’ tales from the ancient Silk Road had been distributed before, the wealth of information Marco provided on China and its surrounding lands was unparalleled at the time. (虽然古代丝绸之路的旅行者故事之前已经传播开来，但马可提供的关于中国及其周边地区的丰富信息在当时是无与伦比的)”可知，《马可 波罗游记》广受欢迎的因素是它包含了当时人们之前所不了解的关于东方的信息。故选C。
4．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Information from The Travels was useful in improving maps of East Asia, which fed trade relations. This knowledge fueled a growing curiosity about the world as Europe moved into the Renaissance and the Age of Discovery toward the end of the 1400s. (《游记》中的信息有助于改进东亚地图，这促进了贸易关系。随着欧洲进入文艺复兴时期和 15 世纪末的大航海时代，这些知识激发了人们对世界日益增长的好奇心)”可知，《马可 波罗游记》中的相关知识塑造了欧洲关于东亚的认知。故选B。
C&D 2
（24-25高三上·上海静安·期末）In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them.
So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in.
“We are totally dependent on ourselves,” Mr. Allen said. “But I want to live in a mixed community, not just with the elderly. And as long as we can do it here, that’s what we want.”
Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible.
Urban planners say this movement, organized by residents instead of government agencies, could make “aging in place” safe and affordable for a majority of elderly people. Although not the cure- all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. “If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.
For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away.
5．What is NOT mentioned as a problem the Allens meet with
A．Physical weakness due to the broken bone.
B．Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules.
C．Failure to handle certain fixing tasks due to limited mobility.
D．Difficulty in traveling to public places alone due to physical condition.
6．Which of the following statements is TRUE
A．People like Allens gather to live in a special place for shared elderly caring.
B．The government arranges necessary services for people like Allens.
C．Senior people give up “aging in place” life mainly out of pressure from children.
D．“Aging in place” people pay to have necessary service staff on call.
7．The underlined word precipitous in the passage is closest in meaning to ________.
A．alternative B．fake C．rushed D．joint
8．Which of the following is probably the title of the passage
A．US grey band fights to stay at home
B．Attention, US seniors are suffering
C．At home vs Nursing home-a hard choice for US seniors
D．US adult children, it’s time to care for your parents
【答案】5．B 6．D 7．C 8．A
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、新闻报道
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了关于老年人如何在社区中保持独立生活，以及一个由居民自发组织的运动，旨在使社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的现象。
5．细节理解题。根据文章第一段“In a town near the Potomac River, George and Anne Allen, both 82, struggle to remain in their beloved three-story house and neighborhood. Mr. Allen has had trouble walking since he broke his backbone in a fall down the stairs, and he expects to lose his driver’s license when it comes up for renewal given his physical state. Mrs. Allen recently got her foot hurt getting out of bed. Neither can climb up to change the light or bend under the sink to fix a leak. Without outside help, stores and public locations mean unimaginable hikes to them.(在波托马克河附近的一个小镇上，82岁的George和Anne Allen夫妇正努力留在他们心爱的三层楼房和社区里。Allen先生自从在楼梯上摔倒摔断了脊椎后，走路就一直很困难，而且考虑到他的身体状况，他在驾照到期续签时可能会失去驾驶资格。Allen太太最近下床时不小心弄伤了脚。他们俩都无法爬上梯子去换灯泡，也无法在洗碗池下弯腰修理漏水。如果没有外界的帮助，对他们来说，去商店和公共场所将意味着难以想象的艰难跋涉)”可知，选项A、C和D都是Allen夫妇所遇到的问题。选项B“Possible loss of driver’s license due to breaking traffic rules.(因违反交通规则而可能失去驾照)”并未提及。故选B。
6．细节理解题。根据文章最后一段“For inspiration, “aging in place” groups now pay yearly dues — $580 for an individual in exchange for the security of knowing that carpenters, chefs, computer experts or home health helpers are one phone call away.(为了获得启发，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费——个人580美元，以此换取安全保障，知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到)”可知，“就地养老”团体现在每年支付会费，以确保知道木匠、厨师、计算机专家或家庭健康助手只需一个电话就能随叫随到。故选D。
7．词句猜测题。根据划线单词上文“Although not the cure — all for those with complicated medical needs, the approach addresses what experts say can be a premature decision by older people to give up their homes in response to relatively small problems. As these small problems mount, sometimes accompanied by pressure from adult children, the elderly homeowner is caught off guard. Remaining at home without sufficient help is frightening. (虽然这种方法并不能解决所有复杂医疗需求的问题，但它解决了专家所说的老年人因相对较小的问题而草率放弃家园的过早决定。随着这些小问题的不断累积，有时再加上成年子女的压力，老年房主会感到措手不及。没有足够的帮助而留在家里是令人害怕的)”可推测，如果遇到很多问题，老人会仓促作出决定。再根据所在句““If people don’t feel so overpowered, they don’t have to jump at precipitous decisions. Actually practices like moving into nursing homes are hard to be reversed,” said an expert.(“如果人们不感到那么无助，他们就不必______ 做出决定。实际上，像搬进养老院这样的做法是很难逆转的，”一位专家说)”可推测，划线单词和“仓促间”意思相符。选项C“rushed(匆忙)”与此意义相近。故选C。
8．主旨大意题。根据第二段“So the Allens have banded together with their neighbors, who are equally determined to avoid being forced from their homes by dependence. Along with more than 100 communities nationwide, their group is part of a movement to make neighborhoods comfortable places to grow old in.(因此，Allen夫妇与他们的邻居们团结起来，邻居们也同样决心避免因为依赖他人而被迫离开自己的家。与全国100多个社区一样，他们的团体也是致力于让社区成为老年人舒适生活的地方的运动的一部分)”以及第四段“Their group has been registered as a nonprofit corporation, is setting membership dues, and is lining up providers of transportation, home repair, companionship, security and other services to meet their needs at home for as long as possible. (他们的团体已经注册为非营利性公司，正在设定会员费，并正在组织交通、房屋维修、陪伴、安全和其他服务的提供者，以满足他们在家里尽可能长时间生活的需求。)”以及全文内容可知，文章主要描述了美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老，即“就地养老”（aging in place），所做的努力和斗争。他们通过自发组织，确保自己能在熟悉的社区环境中养老，而无需被迫搬离到养老院或其他护理机构。选项A“US grey band fights to stay at home”直接反映了文章的主旨，即美国老年人为了能在自己家中养老所做的斗争。其中，“grey band”形象地描述了老年人群体，而“fights to stay at home”则准确地概括了他们的行动和目标，适合作为文章标题。故选A。
C&D 3
（24-25高三上·江苏·阶段练习）A paper published by professors and students from 14 Chinese universities aimed at restoring Chinese citizens reputation for honesty has triggered hot discussion on social media platforms.
More than 100 professors and students from the universities, along with a professor from Old Dominion University in the United States, conducted experiments at 500 different locations in China. Through data analysis, they invalided a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty.
The Chinese paper, titled “Unlocking controversies (争议) over civil honesty measurement: An extended field replication (复制) in China”, was published in Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences, or PNAS, in the US in July. It challenged the findings of a study conducted by four behavioral economists, including Alain Cohn from the University of Michigan, in 2019.
Cohn’s study involved a transnational experiment in which foreign research assistants handed in lost wallets to employees at public institutions such as hotels and banks, and measured civil honesty based on the response rate to email announcements about the wallets being found. The paper found that China ranked lowest among 40 countries.
Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries.
As the first and corresponding author of the paper “Unlocking controversies over civil honesty measurement”, Yang added, “It is thought that Cohn did not conduct extensive pilot experiments. In Western thinking, email is considered the standard method of communication.”
Another experiment conducted by group replication researchers found that although only 27. 4 percent of wallet owners were contacted by email, 77, 8 percent of the lost wallets were successfully returned. The important indicator of “wallet recovery rate” proved that Chinese citizens have a high level of integrity. The experiment found a significant negative relationship between the “email response rate” and the “national collectivism index”.
9．What does the underlined word in paragraph 2 probably mean
A．Approved of. B．Argued against. C．Accounted for. D．Answered for.
10．Why does the author mention the paper published in Science
A．To seek support. B．To raise a hot discussion.
C．To clarify a phenomenon. D．To reveal false information.
11．What did Cohn’s study ignore
A．The limited participation in the experiment.
B．The various personalities of Chinese citizens.
C．The negative relationships between countries.
D．The different cultural backgrounds between countries.
12．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．“Email response rate” shows the accurate level of integrity.
B．“Wallet recovery rate” has a significant negative relationship between people.
C．“Wallet recovery rate” indicates Chinese citizens ranking high in terms of honesty.
D．“Email response rate” and “national collectivism index” are irrelevant to each other
【答案】9．B 10．D 11．D 12．C
【难度】0.65
【知识点】社会问题与社会现象、新闻报道
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。一篇由中国14所大学的教授和学生发表的旨在恢复中国公民诚信声誉的论文在社交媒体平台上引发了热议。文章解释了这一举动背后的原因以及人们对论文的看法。
9．词句猜测题。根据第一段“A paper published by professors and students from 14 Chinese universities aimed at restoring Chinese citizens reputation for honesty has triggered hot discussion on social media platforms.(一篇由中国14所大学的教授和学生发表的旨在恢复中国公民诚信声誉的论文在社交媒体平台上引发了热议)”以及划线词后文“a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty(发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文，该论文发现，中国公民在公民诚信方面排名最低)”可知，论文主要是为了恢复中国公民诚信声誉，即反对“中国公民在公民诚信方面排名最低”的论文。故划线词意思是“反对”。故选B。
10．推理判断题。根据第二段“More than 100 professors and students from the universities, along with a professor from Old Dominion University in the United States, conducted experiments at 500 different locations in China. Through data analysis, they invalided a paper published in the journal Science, which found that Chinese citizens ranked the lowest in terms of civil honesty.(来自这些大学的100多名教授和学生，以及美国老道明大学的一位教授，在中国500个不同的地点进行了实验。通过数据分析，他们推翻了发表在《科学》杂志上的一篇论文，该论文发现，中国公民在公民诚信方面排名最低)”以及倒数第三段“Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries.(浙江大学公共卫生学院教授Yang Qian表示，科恩的研究得出的结论在学术界引起了很大的质疑，因为标准有限，而且没有考虑到国家之间的文化差异)”可知，作者提到发表在《科学》杂志上的论文是为了揭露虚假信息。故选D。
11．细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Yang Qian, a professor at Zhejiang University’s School of Public Health, said the conclusions reached by Cohn’s study caused significant doubt within the academic community due to limited criteria and failure to consider cultural differences between countries.(浙江大学公共卫生学院教授Yang Qian表示，科恩的研究得出的结论在学术界引起了很大的质疑，因为标准有限，而且没有考虑到国家之间的文化差异)”可知，科恩的研究忽略了国家之间不同的文化背景。故选D。
12．细节理解题。根据最后一段“The important indicator of “wallet recovery rate” proved that Chinese citizens have a high level of integrity. The experiment found a significant negative relationship between the “email response rate” and the “national collectivism index”.(“钱包找回率”这一重要指标证明了中国公民的诚信水平很高。实验发现，“电子邮件回复率”与“国家集体主义指数”呈显著负相关)”可知，“钱包找回率”表明中国公民在诚实度方面排名较高。故选C。
C&D 4
（2024·重庆·三模）When Immanuel Patton from Maryland was five years old, he promised his mother that he and his mother would get their college degree at the same time. Now, that promise has been fulfilled; Both mother and son have graduated from the University of Maryland Global Campus.
It all started with a promise. When young Immanuel Patton was five years old, he told his mother that they would graduate together. His mother, Carolyn Patton, just wanted her son to graduate and wasn’t thinking about her own degree. But Immanuel never let his mom forget about the promise and in 2020, they both entered University of Maryland Global Campus.
Besides studying, Carolyn Patton works at Anne Arundel Community College and when they started classes that fall, it got harder to keep going. Especially when the classes got more advanced. But Immanuel Patton made sure his mother tried her best.
And their efforts paid off. In December 2023, both Carolyn and her son Immanuel graduated from college. Carolyn got a bachelor (学士) of arts degree in humanities and Immanuel got a science degree in public safety administration. The Pattons are very proud of their achievements. The University of Maryland Global Campus President Gregory Fowler talked about the achievements, saying the school is inspired by the Pattons’ commitment and support. He told Good Morning America:“… for Immanuel to make that promise at such a young age is truly remarkable. That we have helped him fulfill his childhood promise to Carolyn makes us all extremely proud. They were able to lift each other up at important times during their journey.”
Now that both of them have graduated, Carolyn will stay in her job today and Immanuel got a job at UMGC as a success coach.
13．Why did the mother agree to keep the promise to graduate together
A．To set a good example for her son. B．To give her son encouragement.
C．To push herself to keep studying. D．To please her naive young son.
14．What made Carolyn successfully achieve the degree
A．Her son’s continuous timely reminding. B．Just her own perseverance.
C．The university’s professional guidance. D．The requirement from her job.
15．What can we infer from the text
A．Carolyn will change her job right now.
B．The mother-and-son relationship will improve.
C．Immanuel will inspire more young students.
D．Immanuel will continue to earn higher degrees.
16．What message does the story carry to the readers
A．Well begun is half done. B．An early dream pushes you through life journey.
C．Failure is the mother of success. D．Promise produces great power for future growth.
【答案】13．B 14．A 15．C 16．D
【难度】0.65
【知识点】家人和亲人 、新闻报道、生活故事
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。本文主要介绍了伊曼纽尔·帕顿童年时和母亲约定未来要一起毕业，为了这个承诺，他们共同努力，最终实现了承诺。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段关键句“It all started with a promise. When young Immanuel Patton was five years old, he told his mother that they would graduate together. His mother, Carolyn Patton, just wanted her son to graduate and wasn’t thinking about her own degree. (这一切都始于一个承诺。当年轻的伊曼纽尔·帕顿五岁时，他告诉母亲他们将一起毕业。他的母亲卡罗琳·帕顿只是想让儿子毕业，而没有考虑自己的学位。)”可知，为了鼓励儿子努力学习，让儿子毕业，这位母亲答应了这个承诺，由此可知，为了给儿子鼓励，这位母亲同意遵守一起毕业的承诺。故选B项。
14．细节理解题。根据第三段关键句“Especially when the classes got more advanced. But Immanuel Patton made sure his mother tried her best. (尤其是当课程越来越高级的时候。但伊曼纽尔·帕顿确保他的母亲尽了最大的努力。)”和第四段关键句“And their efforts paid off. In December 2023, both Carolyn and her son Immanuel graduated from college. (他们的努力得到了回报。2023年12月，卡罗琳和她的儿子伊曼纽尔从大学毕业。)”可知，当课程越来越难的时候，伊曼纽尔·帕顿提醒他的母亲要尽最大的努力，这让卡罗琳成功获得学位，由此可知，儿子不断及时地提醒卡罗琳，这让卡罗琳成功获得学位。故选A项。
15．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“The University of Maryland Global Campus President Gregory Fowler talked about the achievements, saying the school is inspired by the Pattons’ commitment and support. (马里兰国立大学全球校区校长Gregory Fowler谈到了这些成就，称学校受到帕顿母子的承诺和支持的激励。)”可知，伊曼纽尔·帕顿和母亲的承诺事迹激励了更多学校的学生，由此可知，伊曼纽尔将激励更多的年轻学生。故选C项。
16．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“He told Good Morning America:“… for Immanuel to make that promise at such a young age is truly remarkable. That we have helped him fulfill his childhood promise to Carolyn makes us all extremely proud. They were able to lift each other up at important times during their journey.”(他告诉《早安美国》：“……伊曼纽尔在这么小的时候就做出了这样的承诺，这真的很了不起。我们帮助他实现了童年对卡罗琳的承诺，让我们都感到非常自豪。他们能够在旅途中的重要时刻相互扶持。”)”可知，帕顿母子承诺的事迹告诉我们承诺让我们能够在旅途中的重要时刻相互扶持，为了承诺而努力，为未来的成长提供了巨大的动力，由此可知，这个故事告诉读者承诺为未来的成长提供了巨大的动力。故选D项。
C&D 5
（24-25高三上·江苏南通·期中）A young mom stares out the window in an empty room, holding a baby. The striking image is meant to arouse sympathy for a charity campaign and to urge the viewer to ask: Who is this poor woman How can I help her
But there is a catch: The woman is not real.
Furniture Bank, a Toronto-based charity that collects used household items for people in need, switched to Al-generated images in its 2022 holiday campaign. The move raised a host of ethical (道德的) questions along with donations.
Executive director Dan Kershaw said that the lifelike scenes show the isolation of clients (客户的孤立无援) without objectifying (具体化) real people. Charities often use images of economically disadvantaged individuals to win public sympathy. Kershaw noted, “Without this strategy, they wouldn’t raise funds.” Studies suggest that images of negative emotions lead to larger donations than those with smiling faces. But there has been recent resistance to this long-existing practice. Critics argue that it can reinforce harmful stereotypes (刻板印象) and hurt its subjects.
In 2022, Kershaw took stories written by real clients, input them into the AI image generator Midjourney, and created 40 images. This allowed Furniture Bank to show some of the darkest moments in their clients’ lives without identifying them in any way.
Jon Dean, a sociology professor, said that AI is a step in the right direction in this case. It, however, doesn’t necessarily improve Furniture Bank’s images above traditional ones. While they’ve solved an ethical problem by not identifying individuals, Dean pointed out that these images still put the focus on individual suffering, rather than the root causes of that suffering.
Stowe Boyd, a researcher in tech evolution, noted that we are getting used to questioning every image we see online. While plagiarism (抄袭) has always existed, AI provides another way to“degrade the authenticity” in photography and writing. Whether authenticity matters is a more complicated question. But a news reporter quoting a fictional straw man in an article, or a charity pretending an Al image was real, would cross an ethical line, said Boyd.
17．What did Furniture Bank do in 2022
A．It hired a young mom to take more attractive photos.
B．It adopted an unconventional way to drive donations.
C．It bought a collection of useful household items for the poor.
D．It asked the clients to enter their stories into an AI image generator.
18．What is one of the problems of using individuals’ real photos in charity activities
A．It can trap donors in negative emotions. B．It is at a disadvantage in terms of quantity.
C．It can’t attract the attention of more groups. D．It harms the dignity of the people involved.
19．What is Jon Dean’s attitude towards the AI approach in charity
A．Supportive. B．Indifferent. C．Objective. D．Critical.
20．What does Stowe Boyd suggest in the last paragraph
A．Using AI with caution in charity activities.
B．Holding more talks on the use of AI in charity.
C．Applying AI to solve the problem of plagiarism.
D．Developing people’s ability to spot virtual pictures.
【答案】17．B 18．D 19．C 20．A
【难度】0.4
【知识点】新闻报道、人工智能
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要报道了Furniture Bank使用AI图像募捐引发的伦理争议。
17．细节理解题。由文章第三段中“Furniture Bank, a Toronto-based charity that collects used household items for people in need, switched to Al-generated images in its 2022 holiday campaign. (家具银行是一家总部位于多伦多的慈善机构，为有需要的人收集二手家居用品，该机构在2022年的节日活动中转而使用人工智能生成的图像)”可知，Furniture Bank采用了一种非常规的方式来推动捐款。故选B。
18．推理判断题。由文章第四段中“But there has been recent resistance to this long-existing practice. Critics argue that it can reinforce harmful stereotypes (刻板印象) and hurt its subjects. (然而，近期对这种长期存在的做法出现了抵制。批评者认为，这可能会强化有害的刻板印象，并伤害其对象)”可知，在慈善活动中使用个人真实照片的问题之一是损害了相关人员的尊严。故选D。
19．推理判断题。由文章第五段“Jon Dean, a sociology professor, said that AI is a step in the right direction in this case. It, however, doesn’t necessarily improve Furniture Bank’s images above traditional ones. While they’ve solved an ethical problem by not identifying individuals, Dean pointed out that these images still put the focus on individual suffering, rather than the root causes of that suffering. (社会学教授Jon Dean表示，在这种情况下，AI是一个正确的方向。然而，这并不一定意味着家具银行的形象能够超越传统形象。虽然他们通过不识别个人解决了一个道德问题，但迪恩指出，这些图像仍然将焦点放在了个人的苦难上，而不是这些苦难的根本原因上)”可知，Jon Dean对AI在慈善中的应用持客观态度。故选C。
20．推理判断题。由文章最后一段“Stowe Boyd, a researcher in tech evolution, noted that we are getting used to questioning every image we see online. While plagiarism (抄袭) has always existed, AI provides another way to“degrade the authenticity” in photography and writing. Whether authenticity matters is a more complicated question. But a news reporter quoting a fictional straw man in an article, or a charity pretending an Al image was real, would cross an ethical line, said Boyd. (科技进化研究者Stowe Boyd指出，我们已经习惯于质疑在网上看到的每一张图片。虽然抄袭一直存在，但AI为摄影和写作中的“降低真实性”提供了另一种方式。真实性是否重要是一个更复杂的问题。但博伊德说，新闻记者在文章中引用虚构的稻草人，或慈善机构假装AI图像是真实的，都会跨越道德底线)”可知，Stowe Boyd建议在慈善活动中谨慎使用AI。故选A。
