专题-S342完形填空 人教版必修三 题型特训
UNIT 4 Space Exploration
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高一下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 2 . The word geography comes from two Greek 3 , ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, which means “to write”. The English word geography 4 “to describe the earth.” Some geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an 5 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole 6 . Another way to 7 the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former 8 on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and 9 how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 10 branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be 11 as one who observes, records, and explains the 12 between places. If all places were 13 , there would be little need for geographers. We know, 14 that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a 15 way of looking at places.
1. A．similar B．various C．distant D．famous
2. A．whole B．unit C．part D．ball
3. A．persons B．words C．places D．names
4. A．is B．has C．intends D．means
5. A．extensive B．entire C．overall D．enormous
6. A．city B．state C．nation D．earth
7. A．continue B．begin C．divide D．complete
8. A．relies B．holds C．focuses D．calls
9. A．learns B．studies C．realizes D．understands
10. A．neither B．either C．one D．each
11. A．treated B．described C．called D．employed
12. A．exceptions B．sameness C．differences D．divisions
13. A．important B．different C．alike D．unknown
14. A．therefore B．thus C．moreover D．however
15. A．special B．right C．wrong D．regular
Passage 2
（23-24高一下·河南许昌·期末）In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin. But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth. Mars was once a 1 world. But what happened to Mars And most 2 , did life once exist on this Red Planet On August 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars. Its mission: to 3 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 4 .
The rover started its 5 in a place called Gale Crater. It’s a huge crater (坑), stretching 154 kilometers wide. In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp. NASA let the rover 6 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 7 filled with water. After the rover got there, it 8 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments. And it found minerals that had water 9 up in it. With the 10 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 11 that Gale Crater was once a lake.
One of the 12 the rover brought to Mars was a laser (激光器). It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules (分子) which contain oxygen. The rover’s 13 in Mars’rocks tells scientists that at some 14 in Mars’past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 15 for most life.
Do you know what most living things need Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life.
1. A．watery B．dusty C．sandy D．grassy
2. A．quickly B．certainly C．dangerously D．mysteriously
3. A．get over B．make up C．look for D．figure out
4. A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather
5. A．journey B．goal C．performance D．struggle
6. A．hang B．work C．land D．pull
7. A．street B．plate C．pool D．lake
8. A．broke B．analyzed C．obtained D．adjusted
9. A．waken B．lifted C．lit D．locked
10. A．data B．tips C．tricks D．tests
11. A．admit B．invent C．confirm D．accept
12. A．tools B．projects C．orders D．facts
13. A．success B．attempt C．discovery D．position
14. A．length B．level C．height D．point
15. A．sign B．rule C．will D．must
Passage 3
（22-23高一下·江苏常州·期中）Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country.” Before the astronauts ever 1 it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When Jim Irwin came to Bend for 2 , he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) 3 resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was 4 for the Apollo 15 moon landing.
When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s 5 , he chose a piece of lava rock (火山岩) near Devil’s Lake, and 6 it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he 7 him and made a request, “I am sending you a 8 piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to 9 to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and Watson thought 10 of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin 11 to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.
And a few weeks after their 12 , Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there,” Irwin wrote and enclosed (附上) a 13 of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava 14 with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon!” For Watson, the letter and the picture were 15 . And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.
1. A．made B．did C．took D．gathered
2. A．adventure B．research C．amusement D．practice
3. A．joyful B．anxious C．gifted D．local
4. A．carried out B．ruled out C．picked out D．made out
5. A．sense B．knowledge C．scene D．assistance
6. A．enveloped B．measured C．designed D．exchanged
7. A．thanked B．congratulated C．welcomed D．tricked
8. A．huge B．valuable C．unique D．tiny
9. A．fly B．take C．shoot D．operate
10. A．little B．highly C．much D．low
11. A．escaped B．rushed C．responded D．journeyed
12. A．arrival B．application C．return D．benefit
13. A．postcard B．drawing C．photo D．note
14. A．marked B．decorated C．covered D．equipped
15. A．awkward B．definite C．precious D．tough
上Passage 4
（23-24高一下·甘肃兰州·阶段练习）Paen Long has had a dream ever since he saw a plane for the first time at the age of six. His dream was to 1 a plane. Last year, the 30-year-old man started building his plane 2 . “I was afraid that people would 3 me, so sometimes I worked at night,” he said. It was a long time before he put his dream into practice. Paen Long tried to build his own plane, using the money he had 4 from running his own garage. He has spent three years 5 instructional videos in order to learn how to make a plane.
It took him a year to build his plane, using mostly recycled materials. The plane’s first 6 came at 3 p.m. on 8th, March. Local villagers gathered excitedly to watch the plane fly. 7 , the plane only got 50 m in the air before crashing (撞击) to the ground. “When all people were looking at me, I felt very 8 ,” he said.
Although the first try failed, Paen Long remains 9 . His next project is to build a seaplane. Paen Long thinks the plane will cost over $10,000. “I never feel 10 for spending all my money building a plane,” he said.
His wife, Hing Muoyheng, 11 about her husband, especially as they have two young sons. However, she has no 12 . “I don’t know how planes work and he doesn’t have any 13 to help him. He can only search for information himself,” she said. “I tried to ask him to 14 a few times because I was afraid, but he said he wouldn’t give up, so I have to support his 15 .”
1. A．repair B．make C．draw D．buy
2. A．carefully B．impatiently C．secretly D．suddenly
3. A．make use of B．make fun of C．get tired of D．turn to
4. A．expected B．saved C．stolen D．borrowed
5. A．recording B．producing C．showing D．watching
6. A．design B．flight C．interview D．meeting
7. A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Otherwise
8. A．angry B．excited C．proud D．embarrassed
9. A．determined B．kind C．nervous D．upset
10. A．anxious B．sorry C．hungry D．grateful
11. A．hears B．knows C．talks D．worries
12. A．chance B．aim C．choice D．reason
13. A．experts B．classmates C．volunteers D．workers
14. A．fly B．stop C．help D．leave
15. A．suggestion B．dream C．result D．research
Passage 5
（22-23高一·全国·课后作业）Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960. Yet more than half of them have 1 to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. So after China’s Mars probe, Tianwen 1, was 2 on July 23 last year, there was an 3 wait for its progress.
The craft landed 4 on the surface of the planet on Saturday. The news has been met with both 5 and celebration in the country. The landing was 6 exactly as planned, which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering 7 , and shows that China has 8 the technologies independently.
It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China’s scientific and technological development in recent decades 9 some failures in exploring outer space.
China made its early 10 in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s when the country 11 largely a backward agricultural country. 12 , the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause.
Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space, 13 a series of launches that will complete the building of the space station around 2022.
All these achievements have 14 greatly to the peaceful use of outer space. During its Mars mission, China has worked with European 15 and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.
1. A．begun B．failed C．attempted D．succeeded
2. A．transported B．discovered C．launched D．settled
3. A．anxious B．aware C．awkward D．amazing
4. A．suddenly B．safely C．calmly D．obviously
5. A．protest B．regret C．pity D．relief
6. A．carried away B．carried off C．carried out D．carried on
7. A．explorers B．applicants C．officials D．editors
8. A．borrowed B．selected C．developed D．removed
9. A．without B．beyond C．except D．despite
10. A．promises B．impacts C．inventions D．breakthroughs
11. A．became B．remained C．ended D．started
12. A．Thus B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．However
13. A．getting off B．cutting off C．starting off D．putting off
14. A．appealed B．contributed C．responded D．belonged
15. A．neighbours B．friends C．partners D．classmates
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高一下·江西·阶段练习）Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 1 the minds of millions of people worldwide.
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 2 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 3 , who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 4 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father inspired her interest in 5 . Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 6 , fashioning devices to make home life more 7 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 8 in science and technology,” Sarkar says.
After 9 a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 10 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 11 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 12 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 13 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 14 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are 15 , but we could be better than what we are,” she says.
1. A．enrich B．read C．affect D．poison
2. A．birds B．researchers C．failures D．inspirations
3. A．aunt B．mother C．sister D．grandmother
4. A．working B．pretending C．refusing D．waiting
5. A．politics B．history C．engineering D．sport
6. A．job B．holiday C．discomfort D．passion
7. A．complex B．convenient C．peaceful D．meaningful
8. A．interested B．honest C．lucky D．disappointed
9. A．starting B．earning C．needing D．introducing
10. A．adapted to B．related to C．headed to D．belonged to
11. A．create B．fix C．operate D．sell
12. A．water B．money C．power D．time
13. A．Unfortunately B．Immediately C．Obviously D．Eventually
14. A．computer B．brain C．exercise D．fashion
15. A．empty B．busy C．relaxed D．remarkable
Passage 7
（23-24高一下·江西上饶·期中）Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 1 of receiving those letters is beyond description.
Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 2 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 3 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 4 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 5 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 6 in space had begun at the age of six 7 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life.
The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 8 about a month later. As one of the 30,000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 9 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 10 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 11 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 12 dreams and make contributions to the country.
The arrival of a letter from space was also a 13 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 14 in the letter; study harder and 15 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen.
1. A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness
2. A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about
3. A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers
4. A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview
5. A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice
6. A．habit B．style C．story D．interest
7. A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as
8. A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought
9. A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly
10. A．when B．where C．why D．how
11. A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies
12. A．his B．their C．our D．your
13. A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful
14. A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．advised
15. A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out
Passage 8
（23-24高一下·江苏连云港·期中）It is well-known that China has made clear plans to send astronauts to land on the Moon before 2030 and is steadily 1 . However, China has done many things besides that.
Many countries are interested in Mars (火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally. But nearly half of them have 3 to get there. The 4 about failure went with Tianwen1, China’s first Mars exploring probe, which was launched on July 23, 2020.
After around 10 months of travelling, the craft landed 5 on the surface of the planet on May 15, 2021. The good news that we made 6 met with both relief and celebration in the country and the concern disappeared. The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space. It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs (突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 .
Why can China do this without any outside help It is the can-do spirit. The Chinese people use wisdom and courage to 9 all the difficulties. In the early 1960s, when the country 10 a poor and backward country, the government decided to 11 rocket and space technologies: With the correct direction and continuous efforts, we get to where we are today step 12 step.
On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space, 13 the construction of China’s space station. Two weeks ago, three astronauts took Shenzhou-17 to the station and began their 6 months of working and living there.
China has been devoted to the peaceful use of outer space and has made many 14 to it. In some of the space missions, China welcomes the 15 who have the same belief. Let’s expect what China will achieve in the future!
1. A．putting off B．slowing down C．pushing forward D．stepping back
2. A．carried out B．carried away C．carried off D．carried on
3. A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attempted
4. A．loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignorance
5. A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully
6. A．it B．that C．which D．one
7. A．applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges
8. A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately
9. A．get back B．get over C．get along D．get up
10. A．measured B．accounted C．remained D．attracted
11. A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop
12. A．on B．in C．by D．about
13. A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting
14. A．advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts
15. A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemies
Passage 9
（23-24高一下·福建福州·期末）If you drop a feather and a hammer (铁锤), which do you think will hit the ground first
On his last moon walk in 1971, Apollo 15’s Commander David Scott did his final 1 for the television cameras. Scott was re-creating an experiment 2 by the astronomer Galileo in 1590.
If you guess that the 3 would hit the ground first, you’re not alone. When Galileo was a boy, everyone 4 that heavier things fell faster. That’s what they 5 in school.
But Galileo wasn’t so sure. So he decided to 6 it. He dropped balls of different 7 from towers and timed how long they took to get to the ground. And he discovered 8 amazing—dropped things fall at the same rate, no matter how heavy they are.
Why Falling objects fall 9 the pull of gravity between the object and Earth. And the great force of Earth’s gravity is the same whether it’s pulling on a feather or a hammer.
But wait, you say—feathers do fall more 10 than hammers. That’s quite true, on Earth —but the 11 is air, not gravity. Air pushes against light feathers enough to hold them up, but it isn’t 12 enough to hold up a heavy hammer. This pushing of air 13 people for a long time.
The moon has no 14 to slow a falling object. But it does have gravity. And sure enough, when Scott let the hammer and the feather drop, they hit the ground—exactly together. “Galileo was 15 in his findings” Scott broadcast.
1. A．experiment B．interview C．practice D．flight
2. A．ignored B．figured out C．reported D．thought up
3. A．feather B．hammer C．chain D．rock
4. A．doubted B．believed C．claimed D．forgot
5. A．taught B．lost C．learned D．recorded
6. A．test B．design C．name D．imagine
7. A．sizes B．shapes C．colors D．weights
8. A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything
9. A．in memory of B．because of C．in case of D．in spite of
10. A．gently B．energetically C．slowly D．naturally
11. A．reason B．problem C．goal D．principle
12. A．good B．giant C．clean D．strong
13. A．informed B．fooled C．reminded D．disappointed
14. A．resource B．time C．life D．air
15. A．intelligent B．curious C．correct D．humorous
Passage 10
（23-24高一下·全国·单元测试）One of the most pressing challenges the world will face in the next few decades is how to relieve the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to 1 . Wildlife habitats are disappearing as new developments 2 more land. Plant and animal species are getting in 3 at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth’s history. As many as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited (开发过度). And the list goes on.
4 , there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular (分子的) biology are 5 the great increases in scientific abilities that are helping researchers 6 a better understanding of these problems. Recent development in science and technology could provide the 7 for some major and timely actions that would improve our understanding of how human activities affect the environment.
One important thing for research is improving hydrological forecasting (水文预报). It is 8 that the world’s water use will triple (变成三倍) in the next two decades. Already, widespread water 9 has occurred in parts of China, India, and North Africa. The need for water also is seriously affecting fresh water ecosystems in the United States. Only 2 percent of the nation’s streams are considered in good 10 , and close to 40 percent of native fish species are threatened with 11 .
To 12 outbreaks of infectious diseases in plants, animals and human, more study is needed on how parasites (寄生虫) and disease-carrying species — as well as humans and other species they 13 — are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics (抗生素) both in humans and in farm animals has 14 the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganism. Researchers can 15 new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and predict the effects that environment changes might have on disease outbreaks.
1. A．notice B．consider C．ignore D．stress
2. A．take over B．get over C．set out D．make out
3. A．danger B．risk C．unsafe D．change
4. A．Moreover B．Yet C．Though D．Since
5. A．for B．over C．with D．among
6. A．hold B．receive C．gain D．pay
7. A．basis B．ground C．position D．stage
8. A．wished B．hoped C．decided D．expected
9. A．supply B．use C．pollution D．shortage
10. A．health B．condition C．situation D．case
11. A．disease B．violence C．introduction D．extinction
12. A．copy B．produce C．prevent D．ruin
13. A．connect B．infect C．follow D．study
14. A．contributed to B．turned to C．referred to D．responded to
15. A．get along with B．take advantage of C．pass down D．put up
三、 高阶提升
Passage 11
（23-24高一下·黑龙江·阶段练习）Hussam Al-Attar, a 15-year-old boy in Gaza, is able to build a device to provide electricity for the lights of the tent he is staying in with his family.
Al-Attar got two fans at a market and used them to create small wind turbines (涡轮机) to produce electricity. His 1 led others in the camp where he stayed to start calling him the “Newton of Gaza”. That is 2 the English scientist, Isaac Newton. Newton is 3 his major 4 discoveries in the fields of physics, mathematics and astronomy more than300 years ago. A famous 5 about Newton describes how an apple falling on his head led him to discover the 6 of gravity (重力).
Al-Attar and his family are staying in a tent that is 7 attached to (附着) a house. He was able to climb onto the roof to 8 the two fans, one above the other. The wind could 9 the fans, which produced small amounts of electricity. He then connected the fans to wires and built a charging station. Al-Attar also designed switches (开关) to 10 a lighting system made out of wood.
Al-Attar tried to design the device but 11 twice, and it took him a lot of time to develop a working system. He started developing it further, bit by bit, 12 he was able to extend the wires through the room to the tent, so that the tent would have light. He was happy to be able to create something to help reduce “the suffering” of his family members. Now, he is just looking forward to the future when 13 can improve in Gaza.
“People in this camp often call me the ‘Newton of Gaza’,” Al-Attar said 14 . “Because I hope to 15 my dream of becoming a scientist like Newton and creating things that will help not only the people of the Gaza Strip, but the whole world.”
1. A．style B．invention C．fortune D．humour
2. A．different from B．separated from C．connected with D．ready for
3. A．famous for B．tired of C．free from D．careful about
4. A．political B．medical C．artistic D．scientific
5. A．warning B．plan C．promise D．story
6. A．nature B．stage C．contact D．option
7. A．suddenly B．seriously C．partly D．gradually
8. A．put away B．set up C．point to D．hand in
9. A．turn B．damage C．touch D．fly
10. A．repair B．control C．break D．memorize
11. A．applied B．calmed C．failed D．approached
12. A．after B．though C．unless D．until
13. A．schedules B．conditions C．weather D．cuisine
14. A．cheerfully B．regretfully C．sadly D．pitifully
15. A．sculpt B．exchange C．judge D．achieve
Passage 12
（2024·湖北武汉·预测）Sargassum is the smelly seaweed piling up on beaches across the Caribbean. It isn’t something most people 1 kindly. But for Omar de Vazquez, a gardener, it was something like a(an) 2 .
Years ago, as part of his gardening business, Omar launched a beach cleanup service to 3 the leafy seaweed. But, as its 4 intensified, he started considering how to turn it into something useful, and in 2018 he 5 a way to use it in building blocks. He started his company—SargaBlock to market the bricks which are being 6 by the United Nations Development Program (UNDP) as a sustainable solution to a current environmental problem.
“When I look at SargaBlock, it’s like looking in a 7 ,” he says, comparing his company to overcoming his personal 8 , including drug and alcohol addiction. “That was a time when I felt unwanted and 9 , like the sargassum people complained about.”
Luckily, Omar grew up in nature and poverty, which 10 his character and turned him into someone who takes action. He wanted to make something good out of something everyone saw as bad. Omar then put his idea into 11 , mixing 40% sargassum with other organic materials, like clay, which he then puts into a block-forming machine. The process was 12 .
The UNDP selected Omar’s work for their Accelerator Lab, which 13 and recognizes innovative solutions to environmental challenges globally. The idea is that some of the most timely and creative 14 come from locals suffering from environmental dilemmas 15 .
1. A．look upon B．bring in C．give up D．come across
2. A．game B．gift C．race D．trouble
3. A．access B．harvest C．remove D．process
4. A．heat B．image C．presence D．movement
5. A．worked out B．called for C．showed off D．turned down
6. A．highlighted B．undervalued C．overemphasized D．withdrawn
7. A．window B．mirror C．dictionary D．puzzle
8. A．struggles B．fears C．desires D．opinions
9. A．appreciated B．infected C．interrupted D．rejected
10. A．fitted B．shaped C．revealed D．described
11. A．operation B．words C．bills D．profit
12. A．straightforward B．transforming C．natural D．consuming
13. A．combines B．provides C．identifies D．drafts
14. A．responses B．reminder C．appeal D．issues
15. A．alongside B．offshore C．underneath D．firsthand
Passage 13
（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）In 1961, President John F. Kennedy Jr. set a goal: he wanted to land a man on the moon to show America’s 1 in the Space Race.
2 a decade later, Neil Armstrong became the first man to set foot on the moon on Sunday, July 20, 1969. Aldrin later joined him on the moon’s surface and they 3 a US flag, took photographs, and 4 the first samples from our satellite.
The Apollo crew of Armstrong, Aldrin, and Collins travelled 240,000 miles in 76 hours to reach the moon. During the mission, the food items the astronauts ate on the surface of the moon in the lunar module 5 the following: beef stew, bacon squares, date fruit cake, and grape punch.
Over 400,000 people supported the 6 , including people from the Johnson Space Center in Houston and the Kennedy Space Center in Cape Canaveral. Armstrong’s famous first words “one small step for man, one giant leap for mankind” 7 on television channels and through newspapers around the world.
After World War Ⅱ 8 on September 2, 1945, a new conflict began between the United States and the Soviet Union. The United States and the Soviet Union had 9 ideologies(意识形态): the United States was capitalist, 10 the Soviet Union was socialist.
The Space Race started when a Soviet missile launched Sputnik(Russian for “traveller”), the world’s first artificial satellite on October 4, 1957. Sputnik became the first man-made 11 to orbit Earth. The US decided to act quickly in order to prove 12 . From 1961 to 1964, NASA’s budget 13 by 500 percent. When Neil Armstrong set foot on the moon, America was declared the 14 of the Space Race. The US had spent about $25 billion on the program, over $100 billion in today’s dollars.
More than 50 years after Apollo, NASA vows to land the first woman on the moon with the Artemis program and with the help of an increase in NASA’s budget by $1.6 billion by former President Trump. The new mission, 15 the twin sister of Apollo and Greek Goddess of the moon, will be headed to the moon’s south pole where the craters(火山口)hold large deposits of water ice.
1. A．dominance B．rule C．regulation D．management
2. A．More than B．No more than C．No less than D．Less than
3. A．grew B．rose C．planted D．carried
4. A．brought up B．brought back C．brought in D．brought about
5. A．persisted in B．consisted of C．made up D．insisted on
6. A．task B．landing C．contest D．mission
7. A．were showed B．were printed C．echoed D．expressed
8. A．stopped B．ended C．paused D．suspended
9. A．similar B．special C．political D．conflicting
10. A．where B．while C．so D．when
11. A．machine B．facility C．object D．equipment
12. A．superiority B．ability C．position D．influence
13. A．decreased B．dropped C．shrank D．increased
14. A．amateur B．winner C．competitor D．loser
15. A．taken after B．taking on C．named after D．looking after
Passage 14
（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）Space X announced a new 1 on Tuesday for a venture that will send four tourists deeper into orbit than any private citizen before them, in a mission that could take place next year and easily cost more than $100 million.
The company signed the deal with Space Adventures, which is based in Washington and 2 as an intermediary(中介)to send eight space tourists to the International Space Station, or ISS, via Russian Soyuz rockets.
The first of these was Dennis Tito, who paid $20 million for an eight-hour stay on the ISS in 2001. The last to go was Cirque du Soleil founder Guy Laliberte, in 2009.
The new tourists would be carried on Space X’s Crew Dragon 3 , which was developed to transport NASA astronauts and is 4 to make its first crewed flight in the coming months.
Space Adventures said the mission would 5 five days, flying up to four passengers into space to Earth orbit.
“This is a free-flyer mission. No visit to the ISS. It will attempt to reach two to three times higher 6 than the station,” said Eric Anderson, founder of Space Adventures.
“At an altitude of three times the ISS, the view is 10 times,” said Anderson. The 7 altitude of ISS orbit is about 400 kilometers.
Space XPresident Gwynne Shotwell said in a 8 : “This historic mission will 9 to making spaceflight possible for all people who dream of it, and we are pleased to work with the Space Adventures’ team on the mission.”
The capsule was designed to take astronauts from the surface to the ISS. With just nine square meters in volume, there are no 10 areas to sleep, wash or use the bathroom.
Asked about the 11 , Tom Shelley, president of Space Adventure, said, “It’s not cheap.”
The cost of launching a Falcon 9 rocket is $62 million, according to publicly available 12 . Then there will be the cost of building a fresh Dragon capsule. Could it 13 $100million
“Your 14 is correct, I can’t comment specifically on the numbers, but yeah those are the cost components,” he said.
“We have a pretty good network of 15 individuals around the world, many of whom we know are interested in spaceflight.”
1. A．parternership B．deal C．relationship D．friendship
2. A．maintained B．served C．built D．constructed
3. A．room B．capsule C．rocket D．spacecraft
4. A．directed B．estimated C．considered D．due
5. A．go B．stay C．last D．hold
6. A．altitude B．latitude C．longitude D．height
7. A．normal B．usual C．average D．ordinary
8. A．praise B．statement C．claim D．conclusion
9. A．smooth a path B．take a path C．forge a path D．follow a path
10. A．private B．public C．available D．simple
11. A．ticket B．worth C．price D．cost
12. A．astronauts B．numbers C．scientists D．figures
13. A．outweigh B．exceed C．succeed D．over
14. A．assessment B．rating C．review D．impression
15. A．high-quality B．high-net-worth C．high-ideal D．high-principle
Passage 15
（23-24高一下·全国·课后作业）You’re walking down a quiet street and suddenly you hear some footsteps. 1 , it means that there’s someone around. But have you ever wondered why it 2 to us that it’s someone else’s footsteps rather than ours
According to a new study published in the journal Nature in September, this phenomenon results from a function in our brain to 3 the noises we make ourselves.
In order to 4 how our brain does this, a group of scientists from New York University in the US carried out an experiment with mice at Duke University. In the experiment, researchers 5 the sounds a group of mice could hear, reported Science Daily.
During the first several days, the mice would hear the same sound each time they took a step. This was just like “running on a tiny 6 with each key playing exactly the same note”, senior study author Richard Mooney, a professor of neurobiology at Duke University, told Live Science.
Scientists found that their auditory cortex(听觉皮层)—the area of the brain that processes sound—became active at first but 7 its response to the sound after two or three minutes when the mice became familiar with it.
“It’s almost like they were wearing special headphones that could 8 the sound of their own movements,” David Schneider, an assistant professor at the Center for Neural Science at New York University, told HuffPost. But once the sound changed, their auditory cortex was 9 again.
This suggests that the “sensory filter” in a mouse’s brain could help it detect 10 sounds or abnormal noise in the environment easily after tuning out familiar sounds, according to Science Daily.
“For mice, this is really important,” said Schneider. “They are prey(猎物)animals, so they really need to be able to 11 for a cat creeping up on them, even when they’re walking and making noise.”
As important as it is for mice’s survival, the ability to ignore 12 noises is also useful for humans when it comes to complex tasks, such as playing an instrument.
According to Schneider, “The ability to ignore the 13 consequences of our movement gives us the extra-cool ability to detect when we’ve got it wrong. So if I play the piano just right, I hear it, but my auditory cortex is pretty silent. But when I play it wrong, I get a(n) 14 response.”
So, our 15 could be telling us, “Hey, that didn’t sound right, maybe I should move my fingers a little differently next time,” Schneider told HuffPost.
1. A．In addition B．However C．Instead D．Of course
2. A．appeals B．occurs C．relates D．happens
3. A．distinguish B．minimize C．study D．ignore
4. A．figure out B．rush through C．interfere with D．note down
5. A．recorded B．imitated C．controlled D．made
6. A．computer B．piano C．radio D．camera
7. A．received B．decreased C．stimulated D．drew
8. A．keep off B．make clear C．focus on D．pick up
9. A．lost B．replaced C．activated D．blocked
10. A．new B．pleasing C．fascinating D．vigorous
11. A．fight B．prepare C．head D．listen
12. A．annoying B．movement-related C．unfamiliar D．distracting
13. A．disastrous B．expected C．inevitable D．likely
14. A．positive B．emotional C．large D．cold
15. A．brain B．hand C．body D．eye专题-S342完形填空 人教版必修三 题型特训
UNIT 4 Space Exploration
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、 初阶练手 Passage 1 - 5
二、 进阶练习 Passage 6 -10
三、 高阶提升 Passage 11-15
一、 初阶练手
Passage 1
（23-24高一下·上海黄浦·阶段练习）Geography is the study of the relationship between people and the land. Geographers compare and contrast 1 places on the earth. But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a 2 . The word geography comes from two Greek 3 , ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, which means “to write”. The English word geography 4 “to describe the earth.” Some geography books focus on a small area like a town or city. Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an 5 continent. Many geography books deal with the whole 6 . Another way to 7 the study of geography is to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography. The former 8 on the natural world; the latter starts with human beings and 9 how human beings and their environment act upon each other. But when geography is considered as a single subject, 10 branch can neglect the other. A geographer might be 11 as one who observes, records, and explains the 12 between places. If all places were 13 , there would be little need for geographers. We know, 14 that no two places are exactly the same. Geography, then, is a point of view, a 15 way of looking at places.
1. A．similar B．various C．distant D．famous
2. A．whole B．unit C．part D．ball
3. A．persons B．words C．places D．names
4. A．is B．has C．intends D．means
5. A．extensive B．entire C．overall D．enormous
6. A．city B．state C．nation D．earth
7. A．continue B．begin C．divide D．complete
8. A．relies B．holds C．focuses D．calls
9. A．learns B．studies C．realizes D．understands
10. A．neither B．either C．one D．each
11. A．treated B．described C．called D．employed
12. A．exceptions B．sameness C．differences D．divisions
13. A．important B．different C．alike D．unknown
14. A．therefore B．thus C．moreover D．however
15. A．special B．right C．wrong D．regular
【答案】
1. B 2. A 3. B 4. D 5. B 6. D 7. C 8. C 9. B 10. A 11. B 12. C 13. C 14. D 15. A
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了地理学的定义和研究范围。地理学是研究人与土地之间关系的学科，涉及对地球各地的比较与分析。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地理学家比较和对比地球上的不同地方。A. similar相似的；B. various不同的；C. distant遥远的；D. famous有名的。根据下文“But they also go beyond the individual places and consider the earth as a ___2___.”提到他们也超越了个别的地方，由此可知，此处应表示地理学家比较和对比地球上的不同地方。故选B项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：但他们也超越了个别的地方，把地球作为一个整体来考虑。A. whole整体；B. unit单元；C. part部分；D. ball球。根据上文“But they also go beyond the individual places”提到他们也超越了个别的地方，由此可推知，此处应表示把地球作为一个整体来考虑。故选A项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“地理”一词来自两个希腊单词：“ge”和“graphein”。“ge”是“地球”的意思，“graphein”是“书写”的意思。A. persons人；B. words单词；C. places地方；D. names名字。根据下文“ge, the Greek word for “earth” and graphein, which means “to write”.”分别提到两个单词ge和graphein，由此可知，此处应表示“地理”一词来自两个希腊单词。故选B项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：英语单词geography的意思是“描述地球”。A. is是；B. has有；C. intends打算；D. means意思是。根据句意以及下文““to describe the earth.””由此可知，此处应表示英语单词geography的意思是“描述地球”。故选D项。
5. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：另一些则涉及一个州、一个地区、一个民族或整个大陆。A. extensive广泛的；B. entire整个的；C. overall全部的；D. enormous巨大的。根据句意以及上文“Others deal with a state, a region, a nation, or an…”由此可知，此处应表示另一些则涉及一个州、一个地区、一个民族或整个大陆。故选B项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：许多地理书涉及整个地球。A. city城市；B. state州；C. nation国家；D. earth地球。根据上文““to describe the earth.””由此可知，此处应表示许多地理书涉及整个地球。故选D项。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：另一种划分地理研究的方法是区分自然地理和文化地理。A. continue继续；B. begin开始；C. divide划分；D. complete完成。根据下文“…to distinguish between physical geography and cultural geography.”提到区分自然地理和文化地理。由此可知，此处应表示另一种划分地理研究的方法是区分自然地理和文化地理。故选C项。
8. 考查名词词义辨析、句意：前者关注自然世界；后者从人类出发，研究人类和环境如何相互作用。A. relies依靠；B. holds握着，持有；C. focuses关注；D. calls打电话。根据下文“the latter starts with human beings”提到后者从人类出发，由此可知，此处应表示前者关注自然世界。故选C项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者关注自然世界；后者从人类出发，研究人类和环境如何相互作用。A. learns学习；B. studies研究；C. realizes意识到；D. understands理解。根据句意以及下文“how human beings and their environment act upon each other”由此可知，此处应表示后者从人类出发，研究人类和环境如何相互作用。故选B项。
10. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：但是，当地理被视为一门单独的学科时，任何一个分支都不能忽视另一个分支。A. neither两者都不；B. either（两者之中）任意一个；C. one一个； D. each每一个。根据上文“when geography is considered as a single subject”以及下文“branch can neglect the other”由此可知，此处应表示当地理被视为一门单独的学科时，任何一个分支都不能忽视另一个分支。故选A项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。A. treated对待；B. described描述；C. called称作；D. employed雇佣。根据下文“…as one who observes, records, and explains”由此可知，此处应表示地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。故选B项。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。A. exceptions期待；B. sameness相同；C. differences差异；D. divisions分歧。根据下文“between places”以及下一句“If all places were ___13___ there would be little need for geographers.”由此可知，此处应表示地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。故选C项。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果所有的地方都一样，那就不需要地理学家了。A. important重要的；B. different不同的；C. alike相似的；D. unknown未知的。根据上文提到的地理学家可以被描述为观察、记录和解释地方之间差异的人。以及下文“there would be little need for geographers.”由此可知，此处应表示如果所有的地方都一样，那就不需要地理学家了。故选C项。
14. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我们知道没有两个地方是完全相同的。A. therefore因此；B. thus因此；C. moreover此外；D. however然而。根据上文提到的如果所有的地方都一样，那就不需要地理学家了，以及下文“that no two places are exactly the same”由此可知，上下文形成转折关系。故选D项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：地理学是一种观点，一种观察地方的特殊方式。A. special 特殊的；B. right正确的；C. wrong错误的；D. regular有规律的。根据上下文语境以及下文“…way of looking at places”由此可知，此处应表示地理学是一种观点，一种观察地方的特殊方式。故选A项。
Passage 2
（23-24高一下·河南许昌·期末）In many ways, Mars is like Earth’s twin. But in many more ways, Mars is nothing like Earth. Mars was once a 1 world. But what happened to Mars And most 2 , did life once exist on this Red Planet On August 5, 2012, NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars. Its mission: to 3 whether Mars was once a place where living things could 4 .
The rover started its 5 in a place called Gale Crater. It’s a huge crater (坑), stretching 154 kilometers wide. In the center is a mountain called Mount Sharp. NASA let the rover 6 there because Gale Crater used to hold a 7 filled with water. After the rover got there, it 8 some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments. And it found minerals that had water 9 up in it. With the 10 the rover collected, the science and engineering teams on Earth were able to 11 that Gale Crater was once a lake.
One of the 12 the rover brought to Mars was a laser (激光器). It was used to study the composition of rocks and found molecules (分子) which contain oxygen. The rover’s 13 in Mars’rocks tells scientists that at some 14 in Mars’past, there was a lot of oxygen in the atmosphere, which is a 15 for most life.
Do you know what most living things need Water and oxygen! Where there was water and oxygen, there might have been life.
1. A．watery B．dusty C．sandy D．grassy
2. A．quickly B．certainly C．dangerously D．mysteriously
3. A．get over B．make up C．look for D．figure out
4. A．grow B．survive C．move D．gather
5. A．journey B．goal C．performance D．struggle
6. A．hang B．work C．land D．pull
7. A．street B．plate C．pool D．lake
8. A．broke B．analyzed C．obtained D．adjusted
9. A．waken B．lifted C．lit D．locked
10. A．data B．tips C．tricks D．tests
11. A．admit B．invent C．confirm D．accept
12. A．tools B．projects C．orders D．facts
13. A．success B．attempt C．discovery D．position
14. A．length B．level C．height D．point
15. A．sign B．rule C．will D．must
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. B 5. A 6. C 7. D 8. B 9. D 10. A 11. C 12. A 13. C 14. D 15. D
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了美国航天局的“好奇号”火星探测器在火星上的任务及发现。
1. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：火星曾经是一个水的世界。A. watery水的，含水的；B. dusty布满灰尘的；C. sandy含沙的；D. grassy长满草的。根据下文“Gale Crater used to hold a ____7____ filled with water”提到火星上的Gale Crater有很多水可知，火星曾经是一个水的世界，故选A。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最神秘的是，这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗？A. quickly快速地；B. certainly当然；C. dangerously危险地；D. mysteriously神秘地。结合下文“did life once exist on this Red Planet ”以及下文“Its mission: to ____3____ whether Mars was once a place where living things could ____4____.”提到任务是探测火星上是否有生命可知，此处指最神秘的是，这颗红色星球上曾经存在生命吗？故选D。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：它的任务是：弄清楚火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方。A. get over克服；B. make up构成；C. look for寻找；D. figure out弄清楚。下文“whether Mars was once a place”表示疑问，故此处指任务是弄清楚火星是否曾经有生命，故选D。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. grow长大，成长；B. survive生存；C. move移动；D. gather聚集。结合上文“did life once exist on this Red Planet ”可知，此处指火星是否曾经是生物可以生存的地方，故选B。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：探测器从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程。A. journey旅程；B. goal目标；C. performance表演；D. struggle挣扎。上文“NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars”提到，好奇号探测器降落在火星上，此处指它从Gale Crater开始了它的旅程，故选A。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：美国宇航局让探测器在那里着陆是因为Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊。A. hang悬挂；B. work工作；C. land降落，着陆；D. pull拉。根据上文“NASA’s Curiosity rover (探测器) landed on Mars”以及“The rover started its ____5____ in a place called Gale Crater.”可知，探测器在火星上的Gale Crater着陆，故选C。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. street街道；B. plate盘子；C. pool水池；D. lake湖泊。根据空后“filled with water”以及本段末句中“Gale Crater was once a lake”可知，Gale Crater曾经有一个充满水的湖泊，故选D。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：探测器到达那里后，用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石。A. broke打破；B. analyzed分析；C. obtained获得；D. adjusted调整。根据“some rocks in Gale Crater with onboard instruments”以及下文“And it found minerals…”可知，此处指用机载仪器分析了Gale Crater的一些岩石，并有所发现，故选B。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：它发现了含有水分的矿物质。A. waken醒来；B. lifted举起；C. lit点燃；D. locked锁，使固定。关系代词that指代minerals，指里面锁有水分的矿物质，故选D。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：根据探测器收集的数据，地球上的科学和工程团队能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊。A. data数据；B. tips建议；C. tricks技巧；D. tests测试。根据上文提到分析岩石以及空后“the rover collected”可知，此处指探测器收集的数据，故选A。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. admit承认；B. invent发明；C. confirm确认；D. accept接受。根据“Gale Crater was once a lake.”可知，此处指根据数据能够确认Gale Crater曾经是一个湖泊，故选C。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：火星车带到火星的工具之一是激光。A. tools工具；B. projects项目，工程；C. orders订单，命令；D. facts事实。根据“a laser (激光器)”可知，此处指工具，故选A。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家，在火星过去的某个时刻，大气中有大量的氧气，这是大多数生命所必需的。A. success成功；B. attempt尝试；C. discovery发现；D. position位置。根据上文“And it found minerals that had water ____9____ up in it.”以及空后“tells scientists”可知，此处指探测器在火星岩石中的发现告诉科学家火星上曾经有氧气，故选C。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. length长度；B. level水平；C. height高度；D. point点，时刻。根据空后“in Mars’past”可知，此处指在火星过去的某些时候，at some point“在某些时候”，故选D。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. sign标志；B. rule规则；C. will意愿；D. must必要条件，必须要做的事。which指代先行词oxygen，结合空后“for most life”和常识可知，氧气是大多数生命所必需的，故选D。
Passage 3
（22-23高一下·江苏常州·期中）Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country.” Before the astronauts ever 1 it to the moon, they trained in Bend. When Jim Irwin came to Bend for 2 , he made friends with Floyd Watson, a(n) 3 resident, who was the building inspector for the city. Five years later, Irwin was 4 for the Apollo 15 moon landing.
When the news that his old friend would go to the moon came to Watson’s 5 , he chose a piece of lava rock (火山岩) near Devil’s Lake, and 6 it in paper. Then he posted it to Irwin with a letter where he 7 him and made a request, “I am sending you a 8 piece of Central Oregon lava, which I hope you will be able to 9 to the moon for me.” Off went the letter, and Watson thought 10 of it. A few months later, on July 26, 1971, Irwin 11 to the moon with David Scott and Alfred Worden.
And a few weeks after their 12 , Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin. “I did carry your piece of lava to the moon and left it there,” Irwin wrote and enclosed (附上) a 13 of it, with the small piece of Oregon lava 14 with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon!” For Watson, the letter and the picture were 15 . And, of course, he never looked at the moon the same way again.
1. A．made B．did C．took D．gathered
2. A．adventure B．research C．amusement D．practice
3. A．joyful B．anxious C．gifted D．local
4. A．carried out B．ruled out C．picked out D．made out
5. A．sense B．knowledge C．scene D．assistance
6. A．enveloped B．measured C．designed D．exchanged
7. A．thanked B．congratulated C．welcomed D．tricked
8. A．huge B．valuable C．unique D．tiny
9. A．fly B．take C．shoot D．operate
10. A．little B．highly C．much D．low
11. A．escaped B．rushed C．responded D．journeyed
12. A．arrival B．application C．return D．benefit
13. A．postcard B．drawing C．photo D．note
14. A．marked B．decorated C．covered D．equipped
15. A．awkward B．definite C．precious D．tough
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. D 4. C 5. B 6. A 7. B 8. D 9. B 10. A 11. D 12. C 13. C 14. A 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是宇航员Jim Irwin在登上月球前在Bend接受训练，和当地人Floyd Watson成为了朋友，后来Jim Irwin被选中执行阿波罗15号登月任务，Floyd Watson知道后给Irwin寄了一块儿Devil’s Lake附近的火山岩，让他带到月球，Irwin真地按Watson说的做了。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在宇航员登上月球之前，他们在Bend受训。A. made使成功；B. did做；C. took拿走；D. gathered聚集。根据上文“Bend, a small town in Oregon, is called “moon country.””以及下文“it to the moon”可知，在宇航员登上月球之前，他们在Bend受训，make it意为“抵达”。故选A。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Jim Irwin来到Bend训练时，他和当地居民Floyd Watson成为了朋友，他是该市的建筑检查员。A. adventure冒险；B. research研究；C. amusement娱乐；D. practice训练。根据上文“Before the astronauts ever ___1___ it to the moon, they trained in Bend”和“came to Bend for”可知，宇航员登上月球前，在Bend受训，所以Jim Irwin是来Bend训练的。故选D。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当Jim Irwin来到Bend练习时，他和当地居民Floyd Watson成为了朋友，他是该市的建筑检查员。A. joyful高兴的，令人愉快的；B. anxious担心的；C. gifted有天赋的；D. local当地的。根据下文“who was the building inspector for the city”可推知，Floyd Watson是一个当地人。故选D。
4. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：五年后，Irwin被选中执行阿波罗15号登月任务。A. carried out执行；B. ruled out排除；C. picked out挑选出；D. made out辨认出。根据下文“for the Apollo 15 moon landing”可知，Irwin被选中执行阿波罗15号登月任务，空格处意为“挑选出”。故选C。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：当Watson得知他的老朋友要去月球的消息时，他选择了Devil’s Lake附近的一块熔岩，用纸把它包起来。A. sense意识；B. knowledge知识；C. scene场景；D. assistance帮助。根据下文“I hope you will be able to ___9___ to the moon for me”可知，Watson知道自己的朋友Jim Irwin要去月球，come to one’s knowledge意为“被某人知道”。故选B。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：当Watson得知他的老朋友要去月球的消息时，他选择了Devil’s Lake附近的一块火山岩，用纸把它包起来。A. enveloped包裹，裹着；B. measured测量；C. designed设计；D. exchanged交换。根据上文“he chose a piece of lava rock (火山岩) near Devil’s Lake”和下文“in paper”可知，Watson把火山岩用纸包裹着。故选A。
7. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他把它寄给了Irwin，并附上了一封信，向他表示祝贺，并提出了一个请求:“我寄给你一小块俄勒冈州中部的火山岩，我希望你能帮我把它带到月球上。”A. thanked感谢；B. congratulated祝贺；C. welcomed欢迎；D. tricked欺骗。根据上文“Irwin was ___4___ for the Apollo 15 moon landing”可知，Irwin被选中执行阿波罗15号登月任务，所以身为朋友的Watson在信中要向他表示祝贺。故选B。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后，他把它寄给了Irwin，并附上了一封信，向他表示祝贺，并提出了一个请求:“我寄给你一小块俄勒冈州中部的火山岩，我希望你能帮我把它带到月球上。”A. huge巨大的；B. valuable贵重的；C. unique独特的；D. tiny微小的。根据下文“with the small piece of Oregon lava”可知，那块火山岩很小。故选D。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，他把它寄给了Irwin，并附上了一封信，向他表示祝贺，并提出了一个请求:“我寄给你一小块俄勒冈州中部的火山岩，我希望你能帮我把它带到月球上。”A. fly飞；B. take带走；C. shoot射击；D. operate操作。根据下文“to the moon”和最后一段的“I did carry your piece of lava to the moon”可知，Watson希望Irwin可以帮他把火山岩带去月球。故选B。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：信寄走后，Watson并没有把它放在心上。A. little极少；B. highly高度地；C. much非常；D. low低声地。根据下一段“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知，Watson没想到会收到Irwin的回信，所以是当初寄走那封信后就没怎么在意，think little of意为“想得少”。故选A。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，1971年7月26日，Irwin与David Scott和Alfred Worden一起踏上了月球之旅。A. escaped逃跑；B. rushed冲；C. responded回答；D. journeyed旅行。根据上文“Irwin was ___4___ for the Apollo 15 moon landing”可知，Irwin被选中执行阿波罗15号登月任务，所以他是踏上了月球之旅，空格处意为“旅行”。故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在他们回来几周后，Watson收到了Irwin的一封意想不到的信。A. arrival到达；B. application应用；C. return回来；D. benefit好处。根据下文“Watson got an unexpected letter from Irwin”可知，Irwin给Watson回了一封信，肯定要从月球回来后才能寄信。故选C。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：“我确实把你的那块火山岩带到了月球上，并把它留在了那里，”Irwin写道，并附上了一张照片，上面有一小块俄勒冈火山岩，上面标有一个箭头和“俄勒冈熔岩在月球上！”A. postcard明信片；B. drawing图画；C. photo照片；D. note便条。根据下文“the letter and the picture”可知，Irwin的信中还有一张照片。故选C。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我确实把你的那块火山岩带到了月球上，并把它留在了那里，”Irwin写道，并附上了一张照片，上面有一小块俄勒冈熔岩，上面标有一个箭头和“俄勒冈熔岩在月球上！”A. marked标记；B. decorated装饰；C. covered覆盖；D. equipped配备。根据下文“with an arrow and the words “Oregon lava on the moon!””可知，那块火山岩上标记了箭头和几个字。故选A。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：对Watson来说，这封信和这张照片是珍贵的。A. awkward尴尬的；B. definite确定的；C. precious珍贵的；D. tough困难的。根据下文“he never looked at the moon the same way again”可知，那封信和那张照片对于Watson来说是珍贵的。故选C。
Passage 4
（23-24高一下·甘肃兰州·阶段练习）Paen Long has had a dream ever since he saw a plane for the first time at the age of six. His dream was to 1 a plane. Last year, the 30-year-old man started building his plane 2 . “I was afraid that people would 3 me, so sometimes I worked at night,” he said. It was a long time before he put his dream into practice. Paen Long tried to build his own plane, using the money he had 4 from running his own garage. He has spent three years 5 instructional videos in order to learn how to make a plane.
It took him a year to build his plane, using mostly recycled materials. The plane’s first 6 came at 3 p.m. on 8th, March. Local villagers gathered excitedly to watch the plane fly. 7 , the plane only got 50 m in the air before crashing (撞击) to the ground. “When all people were looking at me, I felt very 8 ,” he said.
Although the first try failed, Paen Long remains 9 . His next project is to build a seaplane. Paen Long thinks the plane will cost over $10,000. “I never feel 10 for spending all my money building a plane,” he said.
His wife, Hing Muoyheng, 11 about her husband, especially as they have two young sons. However, she has no 12 . “I don’t know how planes work and he doesn’t have any 13 to help him. He can only search for information himself,” she said. “I tried to ask him to 14 a few times because I was afraid, but he said he wouldn’t give up, so I have to support his 15 .”
1. A．repair B．make C．draw D．buy
2. A．carefully B．impatiently C．secretly D．suddenly
3. A．make use of B．make fun of C．get tired of D．turn to
4. A．expected B．saved C．stolen D．borrowed
5. A．recording B．producing C．showing D．watching
6. A．design B．flight C．interview D．meeting
7. A．Therefore B．Besides C．However D．Otherwise
8. A．angry B．excited C．proud D．embarrassed
9. A．determined B．kind C．nervous D．upset
10. A．anxious B．sorry C．hungry D．grateful
11. A．hears B．knows C．talks D．worries
12. A．chance B．aim C．choice D．reason
13. A．experts B．classmates C．volunteers D．workers
14. A．fly B．stop C．help D．leave
15. A．suggestion B．dream C．result D．research
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. B 4. B 5. D 6. B 7. C 8. D 9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲述了Paen Long从小就有个梦想制造一架属于自己的飞机。三十岁的他重拾自己的梦想，用回收材料做了一架飞机。虽然这次尝试并未成功，但他并不打算放弃。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的梦想是制造一架飞机。A. repair修理；B. make制造；C. draw画画；D. buy买。根据下一句“Last year, the 30-year-old man started building his plane”可知，Paen Long的梦想是“制造”飞机。故选B。
2. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：去年，这位30岁的男子开始秘密建造他的飞机。A. carefully认真地；B. impatiently不耐心地；C. secretly秘密地；D. suddenly突然地。根据下文“so sometimes I worked at night”可知，Paen Long有时在夜里工作，也就是“秘密地”制造他自己的飞机。故选C。
3. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：我害怕人们会取笑我，所以有时我在晚上工作。A. make use of利用；B. make fun of取笑；C. get tired of厌烦；D. turn to转向。根据下文“so sometimes I worked at night,”可知，Paen Long有时候在晚上制造飞机，是因为害怕别人“嘲笑”他。故选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：Paen Long试图用经营汽车修理厂攒下的钱建造自己的飞机。A. expected期待；B. saved积攒，储蓄；C. stolen偷；D. borrowed借。根据后文“from running his own garage”可知，Paen Long用开汽车修理厂“攒下”的钱来制造飞机。故选B。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了学习如何制造飞机，他花了三年时间观看教学视频。A. recording记录；B. producing生产；C. showing展示；D. watching观看。根据下文“instructional videos in order to learn how to make a plane”可知，此处是指Paen Long花了三年时间“看”视频来学习如何制造飞机。故选D。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：飞机于3月8日下午3点首飞。A. design设计；B. flight飞行；C. interview采访；D. meeting会议。根据下文“Local villagers gathered excitedly to watch the plane fly.”可知，这里指建好飞机后的第一次“飞行”。故选B。
7. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，飞机在空中只飞了50米就坠毁了。A. Therefore因此；B. Besides除了……之外；C. However但是；D. Otherwise否则。根据下文“the plane only got 50 m in the air before crashing (撞击) to the ground”可知，飞机在坠落之前只在空中飞行了50米。可知，这次飞行失败了，与上文是转折关系，故用however。故选C。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当所有人都看着我的时候，我感到非常尴尬。A. angry生气的；B. excited兴奋的；C. proud自豪的；D. embarrassed尴尬的。根据上文“the plane only got 50 m in the air before crashing (撞击) to the ground”可知，飞机的首飞失败了，Paen Long感到很尴尬。故选D。
9. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然第一次尝试失败了，但Paen Long仍有决心。 A. determined坚决的；B. kind友善的；C. nervous紧张的；D. upset不安的。根据下文“His next project is to build a seaplane”可知，尽管第一次尝试失败，但是Paen Long依然意志“坚定”。故选A。
10. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他说：“我从来不为花所有的钱造一架飞机而感到遗憾。” A. anxious焦虑的；B. sorry遗憾的；C. hungry饥饿的；D. grateful感激的。根据上文“Although the first try failed, Paen Long remains ___9__. His next project is to build a seaplane”可知，虽然第一次尝试失败了，但Paen Long仍有决心，他的下一个项目是造一架水上飞机，由此可见，Paen Long制造飞机花很多钱，但他从未感到“遗憾”。故选B。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：他的妻子Hing Muoyheng担心他的丈夫，尤其是他们还有两个年幼的儿子。A. hears听；B. knows知道；C. talks谈话；D. worries担忧。根据下文中的“because I was afraid”可知，试飞失败后，Paen Long的妻子“担心”丈夫，特别是因为他们还有两个儿子要抚养。故选D。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，她别无选择。A. chance机会； B. aim目标； C. choice选择； D. reason理由。根据文章最后一句“but he said he wouldn’t give up, so I have to support his”可知，Paen Long的妻子劝说他放弃无果，别无“选择”，只好支持他。故选C。
13. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：我不知道飞机是怎么工作的，他也没有任何专家来帮助他。A. experts专家；B. classmates同学；C. volunteers志愿者；D. workers工人。根据下文中的“He can only search for information himself”可知，这里指没有“专家”帮助他，所以他只能自己寻找资料。故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因为我害怕，我试过几次让他停下来，但他说他不会放弃，所以我必须支持他的梦想。A. fly飞；B. stop停止；C. help帮助；D. leave离开。根据下文“but he said he wouldn’t give up”可知，Hing Muoyheng劝丈夫放弃，也就是叫他停下来。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为我害怕，我试过几次让他停下来，但他说他不会放弃，所以我必须支持他的梦想。A. suggestion建议；B. dream梦想；C. result结果；D. research研究。根据第一段“His dream was to __1___ a plane”可知，Hing Muoyheng只能支持丈夫的梦想。故选B。
Passage 5
（22-23高一·全国·课后作业）Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960. Yet more than half of them have 1 to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. So after China’s Mars probe, Tianwen 1, was 2 on July 23 last year, there was an 3 wait for its progress.
The craft landed 4 on the surface of the planet on Saturday. The news has been met with both 5 and celebration in the country. The landing was 6 exactly as planned, which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering 7 , and shows that China has 8 the technologies independently.
It is the can-do spirit that has played a key role in China’s scientific and technological development in recent decades 9 some failures in exploring outer space.
China made its early 10 in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s when the country 11 largely a backward agricultural country. 12 , the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause.
Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space, 13 a series of launches that will complete the building of the space station around 2022.
All these achievements have 14 greatly to the peaceful use of outer space. During its Mars mission, China has worked with European 15 and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.
1. A．begun B．failed C．attempted D．succeeded
2. A．transported B．discovered C．launched D．settled
3. A．anxious B．aware C．awkward D．amazing
4. A．suddenly B．safely C．calmly D．obviously
5. A．protest B．regret C．pity D．relief
6. A．carried away B．carried off C．carried out D．carried on
7. A．explorers B．applicants C．officials D．editors
8. A．borrowed B．selected C．developed D．removed
9. A．without B．beyond C．except D．despite
10. A．promises B．impacts C．inventions D．breakthroughs
11. A．became B．remained C．ended D．started
12. A．Thus B．Therefore C．Furthermore D．However
13. A．getting off B．cutting off C．starting off D．putting off
14. A．appealed B．contributed C．responded D．belonged
15. A．neighbours B．friends C．partners D．classmates
【答案】
1. B 2. C 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. C 7. A 8. C 9. D 10. D 11. B 12. D 13. C 14. B 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了中国成功发射“天问一号”，此次成功登陆火星是中国空间技术发展的巨大飞跃。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，其中一半以上未能到达距离地球5500万公里远的行星。A. begun开始；B. failed失败；C. attempted尝试；D. succeeded成功。根据“Around 50 Mars missions have been launched globally so far since 1960.”和“Yet”可知，超过一半的火星任务失败了。故选B。
2. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，在中国的火星探测器“天问一号”于去年7月23日发射后，人们焦急地等待着了解它的进展。A. transported运输；B. discovered发现；C. launched发射；D. settled解决。根据“The craft landed____4____ on the surface of the planet on Saturday.”和常识可知，天问一号是去年7月23号发射的。故选C。
3. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：因此，在中国的火星探测器“天问一号”于去年7月23日发射后，人们焦急地等待着了解它的进展。A. anxious焦急的；B. aware有意识的；C. awkward尴尬的；D. amazing令人惊讶的。根据“Yet more than half of them have 1 to reach the planet some 55 million kilometers away from the Earth. ”可知，火星发射失败率很高，因此在天问一号发射之后，所有人都在焦急等待它的进展情况。故选A。
4. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：该飞船于周六在火星表面安全着陆。A. suddenly突然地；B. safely安全地；C. calmly安静地；D. obviously明显地。根据“The news has been met with both ____5____ and celebration in the country.”可知，飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面，举国欢庆。故选B。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个消息让这个国家感到宽慰和喜庆。A. protest反对；B. regret后悔；C. pity遗憾；D. relief宽慰。根据“The craft landed____4____ on the surface of the planet on Saturday.”可知，飞行器安全着陆火星的消息令人宽慰。故选D。
6. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这次着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主研发这项技术。A. carried away带走；B. carried off夺走；C. carried out实施；D. carried on继续。根据“which has made China the latest member of the club of the world’s pioneering ____7____,”可知，飞行器安全着陆，因此它的着陆是按计划实行的。故选C。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这次着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主研发这项技术。A. explorers探险者；B. applicants申请人；C. officials官员；D. editors编辑。根据“The landing was ____6____ exactly as planned,”可知，飞行器安全地着陆在火星表面是一次太空探险，中国已然跻身于世界先锋探险者行列。故选A。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这次着陆完全按照计划进行，这使中国成为世界先锋探险者俱乐部的最新成员，也表明中国已经自主研发这项技术。A. borrowed借；B. selected选择；C. developed开发；D. removed开除。根据“the technologies independently”可知，此次火星着陆技术是中国自主研发的。故选C。
9. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：尽管在探索外层空间方面有一些失败，但这种敢做敢为的精神在中国近几十年的科技发展中发挥了关键作用。A. without没有，缺乏；B. beyond超过；C. except除……之外；D. despite尽管。根据“some failures in exploring outer space.”可知，与主句之间有让步关系，太空探索尽管遇到失败，但是敢做能为的精神在科学技术发展方面起着关键的作用。故选D。
10. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：从上世纪60年代开始，中国在火箭和航天技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国在很大程度上仍是一个落后的农业国家。A. promises承诺；B. impacts影响；C. inventions发明；D. breakthroughs突破。根据“in rocket and space technologies starting from the 1960s”和下文的“the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades”可知，中国在火箭和太空技术方面取得了早期的突破。故选D。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：从上世纪60年代开始，中国在火箭和航天技术方面取得了早期突破，当时中国在很大程度上仍是一个落后的农业国家。A. become变成；B. remain仍然是；C. end结束；D. start启动。根据“largely a backward agricultural country.”和常识可知，中国在很大程度上仍是一个落后的农业国家。故选B。
12. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，中国已经充分利用了它在过去60多年里所拥有的，努力向前推进航天事业。A. Thus因此；B. Therefore因此；C. Furthermore此外；D. However然而。根据“the country has made the most of what it had over the past more than six decades, making efforts to move ahead in the aerospace cause. ”与前文的“largely a backward agricultural country”可知，此处为转折关系，所以用However。故选D。
13. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：上月末，中国将“天和”送入太空，开启了一系列发射，这些发射将在2022年前后完成空间站的建设。A. getting off下车；B. cutting off切断；C. starting off启动，开启；D. putting off推迟。根据“Late last month, China sent Tianhe into space,”和下文“ will complete the building of the space station around 2022”可知，随着天和核心舱进入太空，开始了一系列的太空站建设的发射任务。故选C。
14. 考查动词搭配辨析。句意：这些成就为和平利用外太空作出了重要贡献。A. appealed (to)呼吁，吸引；B. contributed (to)促进；C. responded (to) 响应；D. belonged (to)属于。根据“greatly to the peaceful use of outer space.”可知，所有这些成就极大地促成外太空的和平使用。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在火星任务中，中国与欧洲伙伴和其他国家合作，将帮助推动人类在未来走得更快更远。A. neighbour邻居；B. friend朋友；C. partner伙伴；D. classmate同学。根据“and other countries and will help push humankind to travel faster and farther in the future.”可知，在火星任务实施期间，中国已经和其它国家一起合作来探索太空。故选C。
二、 进阶练习
Passage 6
（23-24高一下·江西·阶段练习）Sarkar is a nanotechnologist (纳米技术专家) and assistant professor at MIT. She is conducting her research on brain diseases that 1 the minds of millions of people worldwide.
Born in Kolkata, India, Sarkar credits both of her parents as early 2 . Her courage as a researcher comes from her 3 , who as a young woman went against social norms (常态) in her village by 4 to fund her own education. Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father inspired her interest in 5 . Sarkar recalls her father finding time for his 6 , fashioning devices to make home life more 7 , including an electricity-free washing machine. “That got me very 8 in science and technology,” Sarkar says.
After 9 a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad, Sarkar 10 California to study nanoelectronics. There, she tested new ways to 11 nanodevices that could reduce the amount of 12 consumed by computers and other everyday electronics. 13 , she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.
Along the way, Sarkar became fascinated with the 14 , which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons (神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains, “Our brains are 15 , but we could be better than what we are,” she says.
1. A．enrich B．read C．affect D．poison
2. A．birds B．researchers C．failures D．inspirations
3. A．aunt B．mother C．sister D．grandmother
4. A．working B．pretending C．refusing D．waiting
5. A．politics B．history C．engineering D．sport
6. A．job B．holiday C．discomfort D．passion
7. A．complex B．convenient C．peaceful D．meaningful
8. A．interested B．honest C．lucky D．disappointed
9. A．starting B．earning C．needing D．introducing
10. A．adapted to B．related to C．headed to D．belonged to
11. A．create B．fix C．operate D．sell
12. A．water B．money C．power D．time
13. A．Unfortunately B．Immediately C．Obviously D．Eventually
14. A．computer B．brain C．exercise D．fashion
15. A．empty B．busy C．relaxed D．remarkable
【答案】
1. C 2. D 3. B 4. A 5. C 6. D 7. B 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. C 13. D 14. B 15. D
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要介绍的是纳米技术专家萨卡尔的成长经历以及所取得的成就。
1. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她正在研究影响全世界数百万人思想的脑部疾病。A. enrich使……丰富；B. read读；C. affect影响；D. poison毒害。根据“She is conducting her research on brain diseases”及“the minds of millions of people worldwide”可知，这种疾病正在影响数百万人的大脑。故选C项。
2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔出生于印度加尔各答，她认为父母是她早年的灵感来源。A. birds鸟；B. researchers研究者；C. failures失败；D. inspirations启发。根据“Sarkar credits both of her parents as early”及下文“Meanwhile, Sarkar’s father inspired her interest”可知，萨卡尔认为父母是她早期的灵感来源，给了她启发。故选D项。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力工作为自己的教育提供资金。A. aunt阿姨；B. mother母亲；C. sister姐妹；D. grandmother奶奶。根据“who as a young woman went against social norms(常态) in her village by____4____to fund her own education”可知，这一句描述萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时做的事情。故选B项。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：她作为研究人员的勇气来自于她的母亲，她年轻时违背了她所在村庄的社会规范，努力为自己的教育提供资金。A. working工作；B. pretending假装；C. refusing拒绝；D. waiting等待。根据“to fund her own education”可知，萨卡尔的母亲在年轻时违背社会规范，努力工作为自己的教育提供资金。故选A项。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：与此同时，萨卡尔的父亲激发了她对工程学的兴趣。A. politics政治；B. history历史；C. engineering工程；D. sport运动。根据下文“including an electricity-free washing machine.”及“After____9____a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”可知，父亲让萨卡尔喜欢上了工程学。故选C项。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲腾出时间来实现自己的爱好，制作各种设备，让家庭生活更方便，其中包括一台免电洗衣机。A. job工作；B. holiday假日；C. discomfort不舒适；D. passion热情，爱好。根据“fashioning devices to make home life more____7____, including an electricity-free washing machine.”可知，父亲会腾出时间来研究自己的爱好。故选D项。
7. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔回忆说，她的父亲腾出时间来实现自己的爱好，制作各种设备，让家庭生活更方便，其中包括一台免电洗衣机。A. complex复杂的；B. convenient方便的；C. peaceful和平的；D. meaningful有意义的。根据“fashioning devices to make home life more”可知，父亲制作设备是为了让家庭生活更方便。故选B项。
8. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“这让我对科学技术产生了浓厚的兴趣。”Sarkar说。A. interested感兴趣的；B. honest诚实的；C. lucky幸运的；D. disappointed失望的。根据上文“Sarkar’s father inspired her interest in____5____.”可知，父亲影响了萨卡尔在科技上的兴趣。故选A项。
9. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A. starting开始；B. earning赚，获得；C. needing需要；D. introducing介绍。根据“Sarkar____10____California to study nanoelectronics.”可知，萨卡尔在印度获得了学位后，继续去美国学习电子学。故选B项。
10. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：萨卡尔从印度理工学院获得电气工程学士学位后，前往加州学习纳米电子学。A. adapted to适应；B. related to与……相关；C. headed to前往；D. belonged to属于。根据“After____9____a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from the Indian Institute of Technology Dhanbad”及“California to study nanoelectronics”可知，此处表示前往美国学习深造。故选C项。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其它日常电子产品的耗电量。A. create创造，制造；B. fix修理，固定；C. operate操作；D. sell售卖。根据“she tested new ways”可知，萨卡尔测试了制造纳米器件的新方法。故选A项。
12. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在那里，她测试了制造纳米器件的新方法，这些纳米器件可以减少计算机和其它日常电子产品的耗电量。A. water水；B. money钱；C. power电能；D. time时间。根据“consumed by computers and other everyday electronics.”可知，计算机和其它日常电子产品需要电力来驱动。故选C项。
13. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：最终，她通过开发一种出色的纳米器件取得了突破。A. Unfortunately不幸地是；B. Immediately立即；C. Obviously显然；D. Eventually最终。根据“she made a breakthrough by developing a standout nanodevice.”可知，最终，她获得了突破。故选D项。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在此过程中，萨卡尔开始对大脑着迷，她称之为“最低能量的计算机”。A. computer电脑；B. brain大脑；C. exercise锻炼；D. fashion时尚。根据“which she calls “the lowest energy computer”. She hopes to put nanodevices between human neurons(神经细胞) to improve the computing speed of the processor in our brains”可知，此处“最低能量的计算机”指的是人脑。故选B项。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“我们的大脑是非凡的，但我们可以做得更好。”她说。A. empty空的；B. busy忙碌的；C. relaxed放松的；D. remarkable非凡的。根据“but we could be better than what we are”并结合常识可知，人脑的潜力无限大，所以是非凡的。故选D项。
Passage 7
（23-24高一下·江西上饶·期中）Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal. The 1 of receiving those letters is beyond description.
Chen Man-lin, a 15-year-old Hong Kong student, was very happy. Her pen pal was orbiting in the Tiangong Space Station when he wrote inspiring words to her. When Chen 2 the national letter-writing activity named “Sending My Dream to Tiangong” to write to the 3 on Tiangong, she wrote a letter the same evening. In her letter, she detailed every moment of her own planned 4 toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development, and what she knew about astronauts and the national aerospace development program. Chen’s 5 to write the letter was more than just an impulse (冲动). Her 6 in space had begun at the age of six 7 she watched the live broadcast from orbit (轨道) of a science lecture. She poured that passion for space into her letter, as well as some of her problems over her studies in life.
The three-page reply from Shenzhou XIV astronaut Chen Dong, 8 about a month later. As one of the 30,000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity, Chen was 9 chosen to receive a reply, the only one in Hong Kong. To encourage the students, Chen Dong recalled 10 he became an astronaut step by step. He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties when studying physics and other 11 necessary to achieve his goals. He hoped that young Hong Kong people could follow 12 dreams and make contributions to the country.
The arrival of a letter from space was also a 13 gift to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland. “I’ll do as he 14 in the letter; study harder and 15 to stay healthy. I look forward to contributing to national aerospace development in the future,” said Chen.
1. A．report B．beauty C．message D．kindness
2. A．thought about B．cared about C．talked about D．learned about
3. A．astronauts B．writers C．parents D．teachers
4. A．vacation B．journey C．race D．interview
5. A．purpose B．chance C．decision D．notice
6. A．habit B．style C．story D．interest
7. A．when B．as long as C．as soon as D．as far as
8. A．posted B．left C．arrived D．brought
9. A．suddenly B．luckily C．widely D．truly
10. A．when B．where C．why D．how
11. A．abilities B．skills C．subjects D．hobbies
12. A．his B．their C．our D．your
13. A．proper B．possible C．fair D．useful
14. A．ordered B．promised C．prepared D．advised
15. A．find out B．come out C．work out D．look out
【答案】
1. B 2. D 3. A 4. B 5. C 6. D 7. A 8. C 9. B 10. D 11. C 12. B 13. A 14. D 15. C
【导语】这是一篇新闻报道。文章主要讲述了香港学生陈曼林参加“带着我的梦想上天宫”的全国性活动，幸运地得到了宇航员陈冬的回信的故事。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：收到这些信的美妙之处无法形容。A. report报道；B. beauty美妙；C. message信息；D. kindness善良。根据上文“Most people will remember the excitement of receiving their first letter from a pen pal.”可知，此处指收到信的美妙之处，故选B。
2. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：当陈了解到“把我的梦想送到天宫”给天宫上的宇航员写信的全国性写信活动时，她当晚就写了一封信。A. thought about考虑；B. cared about关心；C. talked about谈论；D. learned about了解。根据下文“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知，她了解到这个活动后当晚就写了一封信，故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. astronauts宇航员；B. writers作家；C. parents父母；D. teachers老师。根据“Sending My Dream to Tiangong”以及下文“and what she knew about astronauts”可知，该活动是给宇航员写信，故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在她的信中，她详细介绍了自己为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的计划旅程的每一刻，以及她对宇航员和国家航空航天发展计划的了解。A. vacation假期；B. journey旅程；C. race比赛；D. interview采访。根据“toward contributing (贡献) to national aerospace (航天航空) development”可知，此处指为国家航空航天发展做出贡献的计划旅程，故选B。
5. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：陈写这封信的决定不仅仅是一时冲动。A. purpose目的；B. chance机会；C. decision决定；D. notice通知。根据上文“she wrote a letter the same evening”可知，她给宇航员写了一封信，此处指写信这个决定，故选C。
6. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：她对太空的兴趣始于六岁，当时她在轨道上观看了一场科学讲座的直播。A. habit习惯；B. style风格；C. story故事；D. interest兴趣。根据下文“passion for space”可知，陈对太空感兴趣，故选D。
7. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. when当……时；B. as long as只要；C. as soon as一……就……；D. as far as就……而言。空处引导定语从句，先行词是“at the age of six”，关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用关系副词when引导，故选A。
8. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：大约一个月后，神舟十四号宇航员陈冬发来了三页的回复。A. posted发布；B. left离开；C. arrived到达；D. brought带来。根据下文“Chen was ____9____ chosen to receive a reply”可知，Chen被宇航员选中回信，故此处指回信到达，下文“The arrival of a letter from space”中arrival也是提示，故选C。
9. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：作为来自全国各地参加活动的3万名学生之一，陈很幸运地收到了回复，这是香港唯一的回复。A. suddenly突然；B. luckily幸运地；C. widely广泛地；D. truly真正地。根据上文“As one of the 30, 000 students from all over the country to take part in the activity”可知，全国有30000名学生参加活动，故被选中回信是非常幸运的，故选B。
10. 考查连接词词义辨析。句意：为了鼓励同学们，陈冬回忆了自己一步一步成为宇航员的。A. when当……时；B. where哪里；C. why为什么；D. how如何。空处引导宾语从句，从句结构完整，结合“step by step”可知，此处指“如何一步步成为宇航员”，使用how引导，故选D。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他还分享了他在学习物理和其他必要科目时克服困难的技巧，以实现他的目标。A. abilities能力；B. skills技巧；C. subjects科目；D. hobbies爱好。根据“physics”可知，此处指物理和其他科目，故选C。
12. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：他希望香港的年轻人能够追随自己的梦想，为国家做出贡献。A. his他的；B. their他们的；C. our我们的；D. your你（们）的。根据“young Hong Kong people”可知，他希望香港的年轻人能够追随他们的梦想，故选B。
13. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封来自太空的信件，也是纪念香港回归祖国25周年的合适礼物。A. proper适当的；B. possible可能的；C. fair公平的；D. useful有用的。结合句意及“to mark the 25th anniversary of Hong Kong’s return to the motherland”可知，这封来自太空的信是纪念香港回归祖国25周年一个合适的礼物，故选A。
14. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：我将按照他在信中所建议的去做；努力学习，锻炼身体，保持健康。A. ordered命令；B. promised承诺；C. prepared准备；D. advised建议。根据上文“He also shared his tips for overcoming the difficulties”可知，陈冬在回信中给出了一些建议，故选D。
15. 考查动词短语辨析。句意：同上。A. find out查明；B. come out出现；C. work out锻炼；D. look out当心。根据“to stay healthy”可知，此处指锻炼以保持健康，故选C。
Passage 8
（23-24高一下·江苏连云港·期中）It is well-known that China has made clear plans to send astronauts to land on the Moon before 2030 and is steadily 1 . However, China has done many things besides that.
Many countries are interested in Mars (火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been 2 globally. But nearly half of them have 3 to get there. The 4 about failure went with Tianwen1, China’s first Mars exploring probe, which was launched on July 23, 2020.
After around 10 months of travelling, the craft landed 5 on the surface of the planet on May 15, 2021. The good news that we made 6 met with both relief and celebration in the country and the concern disappeared. The success marks that China has become one of the leading 7 of outer space. It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs (突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed 8 .
Why can China do this without any outside help It is the can-do spirit. The Chinese people use wisdom and courage to 9 all the difficulties. In the early 1960s, when the country 10 a poor and backward country, the government decided to 11 rocket and space technologies: With the correct direction and continuous efforts, we get to where we are today step 12 step.
On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space, 13 the construction of China’s space station. Two weeks ago, three astronauts took Shenzhou-17 to the station and began their 6 months of working and living there.
China has been devoted to the peaceful use of outer space and has made many 14 to it. In some of the space missions, China welcomes the 15 who have the same belief. Let’s expect what China will achieve in the future!
1. A．putting off B．slowing down C．pushing forward D．stepping back
2. A．carried out B．carried away C．carried off D．carried on
3. A．failed B．begun C．succeeded D．attempted
4. A．loss B．concern C．awareness D．ignorance
5. A．obviously B．calmly C．suddenly D．successfully
6. A．it B．that C．which D．one
7. A．applicants B．officials C．explorers D．judges
8. A．independently B．definitely C．quickly D．fortunately
9. A．get back B．get over C．get along D．get up
10. A．measured B．accounted C．remained D．attracted
11. A．remove B．exchange C．regret D．develop
12. A．on B．in C．by D．about
13. A．starting B．counting C．suffering D．cutting
14. A．advances B．contributions C．mistakes D．efforts
15. A．partners B．workers C．teachers D．enemies
【答案】
1. C 2. A 3. A 4. B 5. D 6. A 7. C 8. A 9. B 10. C 11. D 12. C 13. A 14. B 15. A
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道。文章主要介绍了中国在太空探索领域所取得的成就，包括发射探测器、建设空间站等，以及中国人民的勤劳勇敢精神和智慧对取得这些成就的贡献。
1. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：众所周知，中国已经制定了明确的计划，在2030年前将宇航员送上月球，并正在稳步推进。A. putting off延期；B. slowing down减速；C. pushing forward推进；D. stepping back后退。根据下一句“However, China has done many things besides that.”以及下文中国已经取得的成就可知，这一计划正在稳步推进。故选C。
2. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：到目前为止，全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务。A. carried out实施；B. carried away带走、冲走；C. carried off夺走；D. carried on继续进行。根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars(火星).”可知，有许多国家都对去火星感兴趣，由此可知，全球已经执行了大约50次的火星任务。故选A。
3. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：但其中近一半的人未能实现这一目标。A. failed失败；B. begun开始；C. succeeded成功；D. attempted尝试。根据句首词“but”可知，本句和上文存在转折关系。由此可知，虽然全球已经执行了大约50次的火星任务，但是近一半没能成功。故选A。
4. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：2020年7月23日，中国首个火星探测器“天问一号”发射升空，引发了对失败的担忧。A. loss损失；B. concern担忧；C. awareness意识；D. ignorance忽视。根据下文“the concern disappeared”可知，中国“天问一号”探测器发射时引发了人们的担忧。故选B。
5. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：经过大约10个月的旅行，该飞船于2021年5月15日成功降落在火星表面。A. obviously显而易见地；B. calmly平静地；C. suddenly突然；D. successfully成功地。根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading ____7____ of outer space.”可知，探测船成功降落在火星表面。故选D。
6. 考查代词词义辨析。句意：我们成功的好消息让这个国家感到宽慰和庆幸，担忧消失了。A. it它；B. that那；C. which哪一；D. one一个。根据下文“The success marks that China has become one of the leading ____7____ of outer space.”可知，探测船成功降落在火星表面。短语：make it，意为“成功做某事”，符合句意。故选A。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：这一成功标志着中国已成为太空探索的领先国家之一。A. applicants申请者；B. officials官员；C. explorers探险者；D. judges法官、裁判。根据上文“Many countries are interested in Mars(火星). So far, about 50 Mars missions have been ____2____ globally. But nearly half of them have ____3____ to get there.”可知，很多国家对火星感兴趣，全球已经执行了大约50次火星任务，但有近一半的任务都失败了。由此可知，“天问一号”的成功登陆标志着中国已经成为太空探索的领先国家之一。故选C。
8. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：它还表明，中国在空间探索技术的发展方面取得了突破，因为它们都是完全自主开发的。A. independently独立地；B. definitely肯定地；C. quickly迅速地；D. fortunately幸运地。根据下文“Why can China do this without any outside help ”可知，中国在空间探索技术的发展方面取得了突破并没有依靠外在的帮助，由此可知，它们都是完全自主开发的。故选A。
9. 考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：中国人民用智慧和勇气克服了一切困难。A. get back返回；B. get over克服；C. get along进展；D. get up起床、站起来。根据上文“Why can China do this without any outside help It is the can-do spirit.”可知，中国人民克服了一切困难。故选B。
10. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪60年代初，当国家还是一个贫穷落后的国家时，政府决定发展火箭和航天技术。A. measured测量；B. accounted解释、将……视作；C. remained保持；D. attracted吸引。根据时间状语“In the early 1960s”以及常识可知，中国在20世纪60年代初还是一个贫穷落后的国家。故选C。
11. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：20世纪60年代初，当国家还是一个贫穷落后的国家时，政府决定发展火箭和航天技术。A. remove去除；B. exchange交换；C. regret后悔；D. develop发展、开发。根据上文“It also reveals that China has got breakthroughs(突破) in the development of space exploration technologies as they are all entirely developed ____8____.”可知，空处指的是中国决定发展火箭和航天技术。故选D。
12. 考查介词词义辨析。句意：只要方向正确，不断努力，我们就会一步一步地走到今天。A. on在……上；B. in在……里；C. by在……旁、凭借；D. about关于。根据“With the correct direction and continuous efforts,”可知，中国通过不断努力，一步一步地走到今天。短语：step by step，意为“一步一步”，符合句意。故选C。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：2021年4月29日，中国将天河核心舱送入太空，开始了中国空间站的建设。A. starting开始；B. counting数数；C. suffering遭受；D. cutting切。根据上文“On April 29, 2021, China sent Tianhe Core Module (天和核心舱) into space,”可知，中国从将天河核心舱送入太空开始了中国空间站的建设。故选A。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：中国一直致力于和平利用外层空间，并为此作出了许多贡献。A. advances进步；B. contributions贡献；C. mistakes错误；D. efforts努力。根据上文内容可知，中国已经在太空探索方面作出了许多贡献。故选B。
15. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一些航天任务中，中国欢迎有相同信念的合作伙伴。让我们一起期待中国未来的成就吧！A. partners搭档、合作伙伴；B. workers工人；C. teachers教师；D. enemies敌人。根据下文“who have the same belief.”可知，中国欢迎的是有共同信念的合作伙伴。故选A。
Passage 9
（23-24高一下·福建福州·期末）If you drop a feather and a hammer (铁锤), which do you think will hit the ground first
On his last moon walk in 1971, Apollo 15’s Commander David Scott did his final 1 for the television cameras. Scott was re-creating an experiment 2 by the astronomer Galileo in 1590.
If you guess that the 3 would hit the ground first, you’re not alone. When Galileo was a boy, everyone 4 that heavier things fell faster. That’s what they 5 in school.
But Galileo wasn’t so sure. So he decided to 6 it. He dropped balls of different 7 from towers and timed how long they took to get to the ground. And he discovered 8 amazing—dropped things fall at the same rate, no matter how heavy they are.
Why Falling objects fall 9 the pull of gravity between the object and Earth. And the great force of Earth’s gravity is the same whether it’s pulling on a feather or a hammer.
But wait, you say—feathers do fall more 10 than hammers. That’s quite true, on Earth —but the 11 is air, not gravity. Air pushes against light feathers enough to hold them up, but it isn’t 12 enough to hold up a heavy hammer. This pushing of air 13 people for a long time.
The moon has no 14 to slow a falling object. But it does have gravity. And sure enough, when Scott let the hammer and the feather drop, they hit the ground—exactly together. “Galileo was 15 in his findings” Scott broadcast.
1. A．experiment B．interview C．practice D．flight
2. A．ignored B．figured out C．reported D．thought up
3. A．feather B．hammer C．chain D．rock
4. A．doubted B．believed C．claimed D．forgot
5. A．taught B．lost C．learned D．recorded
6. A．test B．design C．name D．imagine
7. A．sizes B．shapes C．colors D．weights
8. A．anything B．nothing C．something D．everything
9. A．in memory of B．because of C．in case of D．in spite of
10. A．gently B．energetically C．slowly D．naturally
11. A．reason B．problem C．goal D．principle
12. A．good B．giant C．clean D．strong
13. A．informed B．fooled C．reminded D．disappointed
14. A．resource B．time C．life D．air
15. A．intelligent B．curious C．correct D．humorous
【答案】
1. A 2. D 3. B 4. B 5. C 6. A 7. D 8. C 9. B 10. C 11. A 12. D 13. B 14. D 15. C
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章作者通过讲述伽利略关于物体下落速度的实验以及月球上无空气环境下物体下落的实验，普及了关于重力和空气对物体下落速度影响的科学知识。
1. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：1971年最后一次登月之旅时，阿波罗15号的指挥官David Scott最后一次在月球上行走，他对着电视摄像机做了最后一次实验。A. experiment实验；B. interview采访；C. practice练习；D. flight飞行。根据最后一段“And sure enough, when Scott let the hammer and the feather drop, they hit the ground—exactly together.”可知，Scott是在月球上做了最后一次实验。故选A。
2. 考查动词/动词短语词义辨析。句意：Scott正在重现天文学家伽利略在1590年提出的一个实验。A. ignored忽视；B. figured out弄清楚；C. reported报道；D. thought up想出。根据下文“But Galileo wasn’t so sure. So he decided to ____6____ it.”可知，这个实验是伽利略想出来的。故选D。
3. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你认为铁锤会先落地，那么你不是唯一这样想的人。A. feather羽毛；B. hammer铁锤；C. chain链条；D. rock石块。根据上文“If you drop a feather and a hammer(铁锤), which do you think will hit the ground first ”可知，空处所指内容应该是上文提到的“feather and a hammer”；再根据下文“heavier things fell faster.”可推测，大多数人都认为重的东西下落得快。由此可知，空处指的是铁锤。故选B。
4. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：伽利略小时候，人人都认为更重的东西下落得更快。A. doubted怀疑；B. believed相信、认为；C. claimed宣称；D. forgot忘记。根据上文“If you guess that the ____3____ would hit the ground first, you’re not alone.”可推测，那时候的人们都认为更重的东西下落得更快。故选B。
5. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是他们在学校里学到的知识。A. taught教；B. lost失去；C. learned学习；D. recorded记录。根据空后的“in school”以及上文提到的人们都认为更重的东西下落得更快可推测，这些内容是人们在学校学到的。故选C。
6. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：所以他决定测试一下。A. test测试；B. design设计；C. name命名；D. imagine想象。根据上文“But Galileo wasn’t so sure.”以及下文“He dropped balls of different ____7____ from towers and timed how long they took to get to the ground.”可推测，伽利略由于不太确信所以决定测试一下。故选A。
7. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：他从塔上扔下不同重量的球，并计算它们落地所需的时间。A. sizes大小；B. shapes形状；C. colors颜色；D. weights重量。根据下文“dropped things fall at the same rate, no matter how heavy they are”可推测，他是扔下了不同重量的球。故选D。
8. 考查代词/词义辨析。句意：他发现了令人惊讶的事情——不管物体有多重，下落的速度都是一样的。A. anything任何事；B. nothing没什么；C. something一些事；D. everything一切事。根据下文“dropped things fall at the same rate, no matter how heavy they are”可知，下文是他发现的一些令人惊讶的事情。故选C。
9. 考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：下落中的物体之所以会下落，是因为物体和地球之间存在重力作用。A. in memory of为了纪念；B. because of因为；C. in case of以防……；D. in spite of尽管。根据空后内容“the pull of gravity between the object and Earth”可知，空后内容解释了主句发生的原因。故选B。
10. 考查副词词义辨析。句意：但等等，你会说，羽毛确实比铁锤下落得慢。A. gently温和地；B. energetically精力充沛地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. naturally自然地。根据下文“Air pushes against light feathers enough to hold them up, but it isn’t ____12____enough to hold up a heavy hammer.”可推测，在地球上羽毛比铁锤下落得慢。故选C。
11. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：在地球上确实如此，但原因是空气，而不是重力。A. reason理由；B. problem问题；C. goal目标；D. principle原则。根据下文“Air pushes against light feathers enough to hold them up, but it isn’t ____12____enough to hold up a heavy hammer.”可知，空气才是羽毛比铁锤下落得慢的原因。故选A。
12. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：空气对轻飘飘的羽毛有足够的推力将其托起，但对沉重的铁锤来说却不足以将其托起。A. good好的；B. giant巨大的；C. clean干净的；D. strong强壮的。根据空后“enough to hold up a heavy hammer”可推测，空气推力没有强到托起铁锤。故选D。
13. 考查动词词义辨析。句意：这种空气的推动愚弄了人们很长一段时间。A. informed通知；B. fooled戏弄；C. reminded提醒；D. disappointed使失望。根据上文“But wait, you say—feathers do fall more ____10____ than hammers. That’s quite true, on Earth —but the ____11____ is air, not gravity.”可知，在地球上，由于有空气的推动，物体并不是同时落地，所以人们对此有了错误的看法。由此可知，空气的推动愚弄了人们很久。故选B。
14. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：月球上没有空气来减缓下落物体的速度。A. resource资源；B. time时间；C. life生活、生命；D. air空气。根据上文“Air pushes against light feathers enough to hold them up, but it isn’t ____12____ enough to hold up a heavy hammer.”以及常理可知，月球上没有空气来减缓下落物体的速度。故选D。
15. 考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“伽利略的发现是正确的”，Scott播报道。A. intelligent聪明的；B. curious好奇的；C. correct正确的；D. humorous幽默的。根据上文“And sure enough, when Scott let the hammer and the feather drop, they hit the ground—exactly together.”可知，实验结果和伽利略的发现是一样的，由此可知，Scott播报伽利略的发现是正确的。故选C。
Passage 10
（23-24高一下·全国·单元测试）One of the most pressing challenges the world will face in the next few decades is how to relieve the growing stress that human activities are placing on the environment. The consequences are just too great to 1 . Wildlife habitats are disappearing as new developments 2 more land. Plant and animal species are getting in 3 at a greater rate now than at any time in Earth’s history. As many as 30 percent of the world’s fish stocks are over-exploited (开发过度). And the list goes on.
4 , there is reason to have hope for the future. Advances in computing power and molecular (分子的) biology are 5 the great increases in scientific abilities that are helping researchers 6 a better understanding of these problems. Recent development in science and technology could provide the 7 for some major and timely actions that would improve our understanding of how human activities affect the environment.
One important thing for research is improving hydrological forecasting (水文预报). It is 8 that the world’s water use will triple (变成三倍) in the next two decades. Already, widespread water 9 has occurred in parts of China, India, and North Africa. The need for water also is seriously affecting fresh water ecosystems in the United States. Only 2 percent of the nation’s streams are considered in good 10 , and close to 40 percent of native fish species are threatened with 11 .
To 12 outbreaks of infectious diseases in plants, animals and human, more study is needed on how parasites (寄生虫) and disease-carrying species — as well as humans and other species they 13 — are affected by changes in the environment. The overuse of antibiotics (抗生素) both in humans and in farm animals has 14 the growth of antibiotic-resistant microorganism. Researchers can 15 new technologies in genetics and computing to better monitor and predict the effects that environment changes might have on disease outbreaks.
1. A．notice B．consider C．ignore D．stress
2. A．take over B．get over C．set out D．make out
3. A．danger B．risk C．unsafe D．change
4. A．Moreover B．Yet C．Though D．Since
5. A．for B．over C．with D．among
6. A．hold B．receive C．gain D．pay
7. A．basis B．ground C．position D．stage
8. A．wished B．hoped C．decided D．expected
9. A．su
