GRAMMAR
动词-ing形式作表语
【归纳】
★动词-ing形式作表语，说明主语的内容，常指一般性、经常性的动作。如：
My job is looking after the children.
Susan’s hobbies are reading and cooking.
One of his bad habits is smoking while having dinner.
Martin’s duty is cleaning the cars.
★一些表示状态、品质等的动词-ing形式 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )具有形容词的性质，也可作表语，表示主语所具有的特征或属性。 这时系动词可以是be, become, get, look, seem, appear, sound, feel, keep等。如：
Skiing is more exciting than skating.
It’s amazing how often you see drivers using mobile phones.
The speech he gave this morning is inspiring.
The programme for the weekend looks exciting.
The news from the doctors doesn’t seem very encouraging.
The story sounds really interesting.
动词-ing形式作宾语补足语
【归纳】
★动词-ing形式可用在感官动词（如hea ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r, see, watch, find等）或使役动词（如leave, have, keep, get等）后作宾语补足语，表示主动或进行意义。如：
I could hear someone calling my name.
I saw the people entering the theatre, and there were 300 of them.
Ruth doesn’t want to watch her parents arguing.
When we arrived, I found the old man lying on the floor.
Don’t leave the water running while you brush your teeth.
She had me doing all kinds of jobs for her.
My friend kept me talking on the phone for half an hour.
Haven’t you got the computer working yet
★动词-ing形式也可用在with复合结构中作宾语补足语，同样也表示主动或进行意义。如：
With a native village ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )r acting as our guide, we had no trouble getting around.
The old coupl ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e often take a walk after supper in the park with their pet dog following them.
【拓展】 动词-ing形式也可作主语补足语。如：
John was caught cheating in the last exam.
The man I talked to was seen going upstairs.
The girl was heard singing all the time.
【即学即练】
I. 用所给单词的适当形式填空。
1. When I opened th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e door, I noticed someone ________ (sit) by Mary and talking with her.
2. My hobby is ________ (collect) stamps.
3. My sister is o ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ften found ________ (work) at her desk late into the night.
4. The novel is v ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ery ________ (interest) and all the students are ________ (interest) in it.
5. I can hardly stand hearing a piano ________ (play) so badly.
6. The actress ________ (star) in the comedy is well-known in the US. In fact, she won an Oscar last year.
II. 选用方框内合适的动词并用其正确形式完成下面对话（每个动词限用一次）。
convince, make, interest, laugh, teach
A: Can you tell me what your new job is
B: My new job ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) is 1. ________ children in a kindergarten, which I think is very 2. ________, and above all, I like it very much.
A: Your word ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s are always 3. ________, so I believe what you said just now. But as far as I know, your dream is to be an outstanding comedy actor just like Charlie Chaplin.
B: You are right. I ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )n fact, my real dream is 4. ________ people happy no matter what I do. Now I can realize my dream here.
A: Really
B: Yes. For example ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ), every afternoon I will tell them a joke and when I see them 5. ________, I feel content.
A: OK. I wish you happiness and a bright future.
B: Thank you.
III. 用括号内动词的正确形式（包括动词-ing形式和不定式）完成下面短文。
It isn’t 1. ________ (surprise) that Jim Thompson isn’t liked in our company. His job is 2. ________ (manage) the sales department. He claimed to have worked in several different countries before he came here. But when we asked him where exactly, he kept 3. ________ (change) the subject.
What he did was real ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ly 4. ________ (disappoint). When we walked past his office, we often heard him 5. ________ (talk) to his friend on the phone. When we needed to discuss marketing plans with him, he was often busy with computer games and kept us 6. ________ (wait) for a long time. Then one of my colleagues caught him 7. ________ (steal) some money from the cash box. Eventually, a group of us went to the Managing Director of the company and advised the MD 8. ________ (have) Thompson dismissed. But he said that he couldn’t agree 9. ________ (dismiss) his own son.
参考答案
I. 1. sitting 2. collecting 3. working 4. interesting; interested 5. being played
6. starring
II.
1. teaching 2. interesting 3. convincing 4. making 5. laughing
III.
1. surprising ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )2. managing / to manage 3. changing 4. disappointing 5. talking
6. waiting 7. stealing 8. to have 9. to dismissSENTENCE EXPLANATIONS
请和你的同学一起认真分析下面句子，并补全所缺内容。这种学习方式能逐步提高你理解长难句的能力。
1. You may find it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )astonishing that Charlie was taught to sing as soon as he could speak and dance as soon as he could walk. (P18)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句是___________________，it是形式宾语，真正的宾语是that引导的宾语从句。
③that引导的宾语从句又包含as so ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )on as he could speak和as soon as he could walk两个时间状语从句。
【句意】你可能会感到惊奇，查理刚会说话时大人就教他唱歌，他刚会走路时大人就教他跳舞。
【仿写】我们感到惊讶，杰克刚毕业就被这家大公司聘用了，刚来工作就成了经理。
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2. Unfortunately hi ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )s father died, leaving the family even worse off, so Charlie spent his childhood looking after his sick mother and his brother. (P18)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句。
②主句中，leaving the family even worse off作结果状语。
③ so引导的是一个结果状语从句。
【句意】不幸的是他父亲去世了，整个家庭状况更糟了。所以查理在童年时期就要照顾生病的母亲和弟弟。
【仿写】再没收到他的消息，这让我们很担心，以至我们开始怀疑他是不是死了。
____________________________________________________________
3. The acting is so co ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )nvincing that it makes you believe that it is one of the best meals he has ever tasted. (P18)
【分析】
①本句是一个主从复合句，使用了so ... that结构。
②第一个that后跟________从句，其中又包含一个由that引导的宾语从句。
③that引导的宾语从句中的he has ever tasted是省略了关系词that的定语从句，修饰先行词________。
【句意】 卓别林的表演是那么有说服力，以致于你会相信这顿饭是他所吃过的最美味的一餐。
【仿写】他看上去是那么的心烦，以致于你会相信这是他所经历过的最糟糕的一件事。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
1.【分析】You may find it astonishing
【仿写】We find it ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )surprising that Jack was employed by this big company as soon as he graduated and became the manager as soon as he came to work.
2. 【仿写】Nothing mo ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )re was heard from him, making us very worried, so we began to wonder if he was dead.
3.【分析】结果状语；meals
【仿写】 He looks ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )so upset that it makes you believe that it is one of the worst things he has ever experienced.Book 4 Unit 3 A MASTER OF NONVERBAL HUMOUR
Pre-reading activities
Task I. Think of an English joke and tell it to your partners.
Task II. Can you think ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) of someone who is humourous Say something about him / her.
Task III. What can humour bring to people
While-reading activities
Task I. Read the text and fill in the blanks in the chart.
( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Task II. Read the text and decide whether the events belong to Charlie Chaplin or the little
tramp.
a. His father died when he was young.
b. He went to Alaska to find gold.
c. He always carried a stick in his hand.
d. He lived in Switzerland in his final years.
Charlie Chaplin e. He was trained to sing and dance when he was young.
f. His mother was sick and needed looking after.
g. He was in a weaker position but kind to others.
The little tramp h. He wrote and directed films.
i. He boiled his leather shoes for dinner.
j. He wore large trousers and a black hat.
k. He could tell stories by moving his body and face without speaking.
Post-reading activities
Task I. Write a summary of the text.
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________
Task II. Retell the story of Charlie Chaplin before he was famous.
Task III. Read th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )e part of the text about The Gold Rush, and then act this part according to the description of the text.
Task IV. What are ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )the great contributions of Charlie Chaplin to the film industry
参考答案：
Pre-reading activities
Task I. 略
Task II．略
Task III．略
While-reading activities
Task I. 1. Charlie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )Chaplin 2. poor 3. actor 4. moustache 5. worn-out
6. gold 7. leather shoes 8. Oscar
Task II. Charlie Chaplin: adefhk
The little tramp: bcgij
Post-reading activities
Task I.
Charlie Chap ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )lin’s parents were poor music hall performers who taught him to sing as soon as he could talk and dance as soon as he could walk. When his father died times got harder and he grew up looking after his sick mother and brother. By the time he reached his teens however he had become one of the most popular child performers in England. Later, he began to make films in America and his character, the little homeless tramp with the moustache and walking stick, made people laugh all over the world. The tramp was a failure but loved by audiences because he always looked on the bright side of life and was kind to others even if they were unkind to him. Chaplin directed and produced the films he starred in and was given a special Oscar in 1972. He died in Switzerland in 1977. (By Ray Cama)
Task II. 略
Task III．略
Task IV．略WORDS & EXPRESSIONS
convince
【语境展示】阅读下面句子，并试着归纳convince的意思及用法。
1. Her arguments didn’t convince everyone, but changes were made.
2. He tried to convince me of the difficulty of the work.
3. It’s usele ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ss trying to convince her that she doesn’t need to lose any weight.
4. I’ve been trying to convince Jean to come with me.
【自我归纳】 convince是动词 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )，可意为“使相信，使信服” （句1—句3），常用于以下结构：convince sb. （句1）；convince sb. ________ sth. （句2）；convince sb. that ...（句3）。还可意为“说服，劝说”，常用于convince sb. to do sth. 结构（句4）。
【拓展】
convinced adj. 确信的，信服的
convincing adj. 令人信服的，有说服力的
【即学即练】 翻译下面句子。
1. 我怎样才能使你相信这种产品安全呢
____________________________________________________________
2. 我一直劝他去看病。
____________________________________________________________
3. 我确信她讲的是事实。
____________________________________________________________
参考答案
convince
【自我归纳】of
【即学即练】
1. How can I convince you of the safety of the product
2. I’ve been trying to convince him to see a doctor.
3. I’m convinced that she is telling the truth.
pick out
【归纳】 pick out意为：①挑出，选出，拣出；②辨认出，分辨出。 如：
They have picked out the best items on the menu.
Can you pick out your brother from that group of people
【拓展】 pick up拾起，（无意中）学到，搭载
pick off 摘掉，摘下
【即学即练】 用含pick的短语的正确形式填空。
1. We could ________ different places in the city from the airplane.
2. Susan was ________ from dozens of graduates for the job．
3. Don’t ________ any of these flowers; they are for decorating.
4. The man ________ the phone as soon as it rang.
参考答案
pick out
【即学即练】
1. pick out 2. picked out 3. pick off 4. picked up
content
【语境展示】阅读下列句子，并试着归纳content的意思及用法。
1. When I last met Lucy in Shanghai, she seemed very content.
2. Are you / Do you feel content with your present life in Beijing
3. Having a small apartment in this city has contented me.
【自我归纳】 content [k n’tent]可作形容词和动词。
★ 作形容词时，意为“满足的，满意的”， ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )常用作表语（句1和句2），可构成固定搭配：be / feel content ________ 对……满意（句2）。
★ 作动词时，意为“（使）满足，（使）满意”（句3）。
【拓展】content [‘k n ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )tent] 作名词，意为：①（书、讲话、书目等的）主题，主要内容（常用单数）；②所含之物，容纳的东西（常用复数）。如：
1. The content of ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) the course depends on what the students would like to study.
2. John emptie ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )d the contents of the bag onto the table, but he didn’t find his new pen.
【即学即练】 根据括号内的汉语提示补全下列句子。
1. I _____________________ (对……非常满意) my present job and don’t want to change it.
2. Earning five th ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ousand every month _____________________ (使我满意) nowadays.
3. It is _____________________ (书的内容) that has attracted the attention of a large number of readers.
content
【自我归纳】with
【即学即练】
1. am quite content with
2. contents me
3. the content of the book
cut off
【语境展示】阅读下列面句子，从A-D中找出与各句中的cut off相符合的意思。
1. He was cut off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) from all his friends when he studied abroad. ________
2. We were cut off ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) in the middle of our telephone conversation. ________
3. He cut off some old branches from the tree. ________
4. Our water supply has been cut off again. ________
A. 砍下 B. 切断，停掉
C. 中断……的通话，打断 D. 使分离，使隔绝
【拓展】cut down砍倒，削减 cut up切碎 cut in插嘴，干预
cut out删掉，戒掉，停止，切除，剪下来
【即学即练】用含cut的短语的适当形式填空。
1. She is trying to ________ her weight.
2. He always ________ when other people are talking.
3. ________ the carrots before you put them into the pot.
4. The water was ________ for two hours yesterday.
5. The article is too long. You’d better ________ the last paragraph.
参考答案
cut off
【语境展示】 1-4 DCAB
【即学即练】
1. cut down 2. cuts in 3. Cut up
4. cut off 5. cut out / cut down
direct
【语境展示】从A-G中找出与各句中的direct相符合的词性及意思。
1. The building h ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )ad taken a direct hit and was completely destroyed. ________
2. The gener ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com )al directed the soldiers to run through the woods. ________
3. A very kind woman directed me to the station yesterday. ________
4. He is very ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) direct, so you always know what his real views are. ________
5. The train goes there direct. _______
6. Who directed the play _______
7. I decided to talk to the manager direct. _______
A. vt. 指示，命令 ( http: / / www.21cnjy.com ) B. vt. 导演 C. adj. 直接的 D. vt. 指路
E. adj. 直率的 F. adv. 中途不停地 G. adv. 亲自地
【即学即练】用direct的适当形式填空。
1. The play was _______ by a young teacher in that college.
2. There is a(n) _______ train from Guangzhou to Chengdu.
参考答案
direct
【语境展示】 1-5 CADEF 6-7 BG
【即学即练】 1. directed 2. direct
