Unit 1 The secrets of happiness知识点总结与练习(含参考答案) 外研版(2024)英语七年级下册

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名称 Unit 1 The secrets of happiness知识点总结与练习(含参考答案) 外研版(2024)英语七年级下册
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Unit 1 The secrets of happiness 知识点总结与练习
外研版(2024)英语七年级下册
一、基础词汇
/ 让教学更有效 高效备课 | 英语学科
review:书评;复习;回顾;评论
chocolate:巧克力
factory:工厂
exciting:令人兴奋的;使人激动的
most:大多数;最多;最
magical:奇异的;美妙的;迷人的
role:角色;作用;职责
side:方面;侧面;边;旁边
town:城镇
poor:可怜的;贫穷的
stay:停留;保持;待
only:只;仅仅
watery:含水的;水汪汪的
cabbage:卷心菜
freezing:极冷的;严寒的
forget:忘记
touch:触摸;感动;触动
once upon a time:从前
sunless:无阳光的
everything:每件事 (物);一切
rich:富有的;有钱的;丰富的;肥沃的
choose:选择
complete:完成;完全的;完整的
expression:表情;表示;表达方式
passage:章节;段落;通道;走廊
comment:评论
theme:主题
describe:说明;形容
agree:同意
understand:了解;懂得
paragraph:段落
else:其他
connect:使有联系
experience:经验;经历
opinion:意见;想法;看法
topic:题目;话题
grammar:语法
rule:规则;统治;管理
more:更多;更;另外的
correct:正确的;纠正
table:表格;桌子
chess:(国际)象棋
travel:旅行
post:邮政;邮递;邮寄
dragon:龙
bath:洗澡
decide:决定
basket:篮子
princess:公主
example:例子;榜样
believe:认为;相信
experiment:实验;试验
empty:空的;空洞的
positive:有信心的;积极乐观的
blow:吹动;刮动
wave:挥手;波浪;波动
voice:嗓音
just:只;恰好;刚刚
himself:他自己
shame:羞耻;羞愧;惭愧
finally:最后;最终
into:进入;到…… 里
barber:理发师
tall:高的
shoulder:肩膀
customer:顾客;客户
surprised:吃惊的;惊奇的;惊讶的
scissors:剪刀
office:办公室
receive:收到
cancer:癌症
wig:假发
smart:聪明的;机灵的;漂亮的
smile:微笑;笑容
二、词义辨析
1.join / join in / take part in / attend
join:指加入某个组织、团体或人群,并成为其中一员 ,如:join the army(参军),join the club(加入俱乐部)。
join in:指参加小规模的活动,如游戏、竞赛等,常用于 join sb. in (doing) sth. 结构,如:Can you join us in the game (你能加入我们一起玩游戏吗?)
take part in:指参加会议或群众性活动等,着重说明句子主语参加该项活动并在活动中发挥作用,如:take part in the sports meeting(参加运动会)。
attend:正式用语,指参加会议、婚礼、葬礼、上课、上学、听报告等,强调 “出席” 这一动作,如:attend a meeting(参加会议),attend school(上学)。
2.cost / spend / take / pay
cost:主语通常是物,常用结构为 sth. cost (sb.) + 金钱,表示 “某物花费(某人)多少钱”,如:The book costs me 20 yuan.(这本书花了我 20 元。)
spend:主语通常是人,常用结构为 sb. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + on sth. 或 sb. spend + 时间 / 金钱 + (in) doing sth.,如:I spend two hours on my homework every day.(我每天花两小时做作业。);She spends a lot of money (in) buying clothes.(她花很多钱买衣服。)
take:常用于 It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth. 结构,表示 “做某事花费某人多长时间”,如:It takes me 30 minutes to get to school by bike.(我骑自行车到学校要花 30 分钟。)
pay:主语通常是人,常用结构为 sb. pay + 金钱 + for sth.,表示 “某人为某物付钱”,如:I paid 50 yuan for the dictionary.(我花 50 元买了这本词典。)
3.alone / lonely
alone:作形容词时,意为 “单独的;独自的”,只作表语,不能作定语;作副词时,意为 “独自;单独”,强调客观上独自一人,如:He lives alone, but he doesn't feel lonely.(他独自生活,但他并不感到孤独。)
lonely:意为 “孤独的;寂寞的”,强调主观上感到孤独、寂寞,有较强的感彩,可作定语和表语,如:The old man lives in a lonely house.(这位老人住在一所偏僻的房子里。)
4.borrow / lend
borrow:意为 “借入;借进”,常用结构为 borrow sth. from sb.,表示 “从某人那里借某物”,如:I borrowed a book from the library.(我从图书馆借了一本书。)
lend:意为 “借出;借给”,常用结构为 lend sth. to sb. 或 lend sb. sth.,表示 “把某物借给某人”,如:He lent his bike to me. = He lent me his bike.(他把自行车借给了我。)
5.hear / listen (to)
hear:强调听的结果,意为 “听到”,如:I can hear someone singing in the next room.(我能听到有人在隔壁房间唱歌。)
listen (to):强调听的动作,listen 是不及物动词,后接宾语时要加 to,如:Listen to the teacher carefully in class.(上课认真听老师讲课。)
6.look for / find / find out
look for:意为 “寻找”,强调寻找的过程,如:I'm looking for my keys.(我在找我的钥匙。)
find:意为 “找到;发现”,强调寻找的结果,如:I found my lost pen under the desk.(我在桌子下面找到了我丢失的钢笔。)
find out:意为 “查明;弄清楚”,通常指通过调查、研究等方式搞清楚事情的真相,如:We must find out who broke the window.(我们必须查明是谁打破了窗户。)
7.speak / say / talk / tell
speak:强调说的动作,不强调所说的内容,作及物动词时,常接语言类名词作宾语,如:speak English(说英语);作不及物动词时,如:He is speaking.(他正在讲话。)
say:着重指说话的内容,后面常接说话的具体内容作宾语,如:She said she was busy.(她说她很忙。)
talk:强调双方之间的交谈,常与介词 to /with/about 等搭配,如:talk to /with sb.(和某人交谈),talk about sth.(谈论某事),如:They are talking about their plans for the weekend.(他们正在谈论周末的计划。)
tell:意为 “告诉;讲述;吩咐”,常接双宾语,即 tell sb. sth.(告诉某人某事),或接故事、谎言等作宾语,如:tell a story(讲故事),tell a lie(说谎),如:My father told me a funny story last night.(我爸爸昨晚给我讲了一个有趣的故事。)
8.wear / put on / dress
wear:表示 “穿着;戴着”,强调状态,如:She always wears a red dress.(她总是穿着一条红色连衣裙。)
put on:表示 “穿上;戴上”,强调动作,如:It's cold outside. Put on your coat.(外面很冷。穿上你的外套。)
dress:表示 “给…… 穿衣服”,宾语通常是人,常用结构为 dress sb. /oneself,如:My mother dresses me every morning.(我妈妈每天早上给我穿衣服。);He can dress himself now.(他现在能自己穿衣服了。)
9.a number of / the number of
a number of:意为 “许多;大量”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用复数形式,如:A number of students are playing basketball on the playground.(许多学生正在操场上打篮球。)
the number of:意为 “…… 的数量”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式,如:The number of students in our class is 50.(我们班学生的数量是 50 人。)
10.few / a few / little / a little
few:修饰可数名词复数,表否定意义,意为 “几乎没有”,如:There are few apples in the fridge.(冰箱里几乎没有苹果了。)
a few:修饰可数名词复数,表肯定意义,意为 “几个;一些”,如:I have a few friends in this city.(我在这个城市有几个朋友。)
little:修饰不可数名词,表否定意义,意为 “几乎没有”,如:There is little water in the bottle.(瓶子里几乎没有水了。)
a little:修饰不可数名词,表肯定意义,意为 “一点儿;少量”,如:There is a little milk in the glass.(杯子里有一点儿牛奶。)
11.between / among
between:表示 “在(两者)之间”,常与 and 搭配,如:The book is between the two pens.(书在两支钢笔之间。)
among:表示 “在(三者或三者以上)之间”,如:The teacher is standing among the students.(老师站在学生中间。)
12.already / yet / still
already:用于肯定句,意为 “已经”,通常位于助动词、be 动词之后,实义动词之前,如:I have already finished my homework.(我已经完成作业了。)
yet:用于否定句和疑问句,意为 “还;尚;已经”,位于句末,如:I haven't seen the movie yet.(我还没看过这部电影。);Have you finished your work yet (你已经完成工作了吗?)
still:意为 “仍然;还”,强调动作或状态的持续,位置较灵活,可位于句中、句首或句末,如:He is still sleeping.(他还在睡觉。);Still, I don't like this book.(尽管如此,我还是不喜欢这本书。)
13.ago / before
ago:表示 “…… 以前”,常用于一般过去时,与时间段连用,时间段 + ago,如:He left home three days ago.(他三天前离开了家。)
before:表示 “在…… 之前”,可用于各种时态,后接时间点或从句,如:I went to bed before 10 o'clock last night.(我昨晚 10 点前上床睡觉。);He had finished his work before I came.(在我来之前他已经完成了工作。)
14.because / because of
because:是连词,引导原因状语从句,如:I didn't go to school because I was ill.(我没去上学因为我生病了。)
because of:是介词短语,后接名词、代词或动名词,如:He didn't come to school because of the heavy rain.(因为大雨他没来上学。)
15.so / such
so:修饰形容词或副词,结构为 so + adj. /adv. + that 从句,如:He is so tall that he can reach the top of the shelf.(他如此高以至于能够到书架顶部。)
such:修饰名词,结构为 such + (a /an) + adj. + n. + that 从句,如:It is such a beautiful flower that everyone likes it.(这是一朵如此漂亮的花以至于每个人都喜欢它。)
16.used to do sth. / be used to doing sth. / be used to do sth.
used to do sth.:表示 “过去常常做某事(现在不做了)”,如:I used to go to school by bike, but now I take the bus.(我过去常常骑自行车上学,但现在我坐公交车。)
be used to doing sth.:表示 “习惯于做某事”,其中 to 是介词,后接动词 - ing 形式,如:My mother is used to getting up early.(我妈妈习惯早起。)
be used to do sth.:表示 “被用来做某事”,是被动语态结构,如:Wood is used to make paper.(木材被用来造纸。)
17.hard / hardly
hard:作形容词时,意为 “困难的;硬的;努力的”;作副词时,意为 “努力地;猛烈地”,如:The problem is very hard.(这个问题很难。);He works hard.(他努力工作。);It's raining hard.(雨下得很大。)
hardly:意为 “几乎不”,是副词,表否定意义,如:I can hardly believe what he said.(我几乎不能相信他说的话。)
18.maybe / may be
maybe:是副词,意为 “也许;大概”,通常位于句首,如:Maybe he is at home.(也许他在家。)
may be:是 “情态动词 may + be 动词” 的结构,意为 “可能是”,在句中作谓语,如:He may be a teacher.(他可能是一名老师。)
19.each / every
each:强调个体,可作代词和形容词,在句中可作主语、宾语、定语和同位语,可与 of 连用,如:Each of us has a new book.(我们每个人都有一本新书。)
every:强调整体,只能作形容词,在句中作定语,不能与 of 连用,如:Every student in our class likes English.(我们班每个学生都喜欢英语。)
20.other / others / the other / the others / another
other:作形容词,意为 “其他的;另外的”,修饰名词复数,如:We study Chinese, math, English and other subjects.(我们学习语文、数学、英语和其他学科。)
others:是 other 的复数形式,意为 “其他的人或物”,相当于 “other + 名词复数”,在句中可作主语或宾语 ,如:Some students are cleaning the classroom, and others are playing on the playground.(一些学生在打扫教室,其他的学生在操场上玩。)
the other:表示两者中的另一个,常与 one 连用,构成 “one...the other...” 结构,意为 “一个…… 另一个……”;也可作形容词,修饰名词复数,表示 “其余的”,如:I have two pens. One is red, the other is blue.(我有两支钢笔。一支是红色的,另一支是蓝色的。);Where are the other students (其余的学生在哪里?)
the others:是 the other 的复数形式,指在一定范围内除去一部分后其余的全部,如:There are 40 students in our class. Twenty are boys, and the others are girls.(我们班有 40 个学生。20 个是男生,其余的是女生。)
another:表示三者或三者以上中的另一个,可作代词和形容词,修饰可数名词单数,如:I don't like this shirt. Please show me another.(我不喜欢这件衬衫。请给我看另一件。)
三、重点短语
put down:放下;写下;镇压
go on doing sth.:继续做某事
think over:仔细考虑某事;仔细检查
in one's mind:在某人的脑海里
be full of:充满……(的)
by the side of:侧面;在…… 旁边
all night:整夜
sweep across:横扫
to one's surprise:使某人惊讶的是
in fact:事实上
the key to happiness:幸福的秘诀
in one's heart:在某人心中
try to do sth.:努力做某事
decide to do sth.:决定做某事
fill...with...:用…… 装满……
look on:旁观
blow off:吹掉
talk about:讨论
laugh at:嘲笑
day after day:日复一日
take off:脱下;起飞
spring from:源于;来自
四、重点句子
Poor in things, rich in love. 于物贫瘠,于爱富足。
Once upon a time, there was a small town. 从前,有一个小镇。
She was so poor that she had nothing but a little cabbage. 她如此贫穷,除了一棵小卷心菜什么都没有。
The old man asked her to choose one thing from the box. 老人让她从盒子里选一样东西。
Finally, she decided to share her only cabbage with the hungry people. 最后,她决定和饥饿的人们分享她仅有的卷心菜。
To her surprise, the box was full of gold coins. 令她惊讶的是,盒子里装满了金币。
The story tells us that happiness comes from sharing. 这个故事告诉我们,幸福来自分享。
In my opinion, the most important thing in life is to be happy. 在我看来,生活中最重要的事情是快乐。
We should always look on the bright side of life. 我们应该总是看到生活的光明面。
She smiled and said hello to everyone she met. 她微笑着向她遇到的每个人打招呼。
五、语法聚焦
形容词和副词的用法
形容词:用于修饰名词,说明事物或人的特征、性质等。在句中可作定语、表语、宾语补足语等。
副词:用于修饰动词、形容词、其他副词或整个句子,说明动作发生的时间、地点、方式、程度等。
六、练习题
(一)词汇填空
My father works in a f______. He makes machines there.
It's f______ outside. You'd better put on more clothes.
Don't f______ to turn off the lights when you leave the classroom.
I can't d______ which book to buy. They are all interesting.
She has a lot of e______ in teaching English. Many students like her class.
(二)单项选择
—How do you like the movie
—It's really ______. I want to see it again.
A. boring B. exciting C. excited D. bored
There are ______ students in our school. ______ number of the students is over 2,000.
A. a number of; A B. the number of; The
C. a number of; The D. the number of; A
I spent two hours ______ my homework last night.
A. do B. to do C. doing D. did
He is ______ to go to school by himself.
A. enough old B. old enough C. enough young D. young enough
—______ do you usually go to school
—By bike.
A. How B. What C. When D. Where
(三)词义辨析专项
I want to ______ the English club. I like English very much. (join / join in / take part in / attend)
This new bike ______ me 500 yuan. It's a little expensive. (cost / spend / take / pay)
The old man lives ______, but he never feels ______. (alone / lonely)
Can I ______ your dictionary I left mine at home. (borrow / lend)
Listen! I can ______ someone singing in the next room. (hear / listen (to))
I'm ______ my keys. I can't find them. (look for / find / find out)
Please ______ it in English. Don't ______ Chinese. (speak / say / talk / tell)
It's cold outside. Please ______ your coat. (wear / put on / dress)
______ students in our class like playing basketball. (A number of / The number of)
There is ______ water in the bottle. We need to buy some. (few / a few / little / a little)
(四)句子改写
She was so tired that she couldn't walk any further.(改为同义句)
She was ______ tired ______ walk any further.
He spent two hours doing his homework.(改为同义句)
It ______ him two hours ______ his homework.
The story tells us that happiness comes from sharing.(对划线部分提问)
______ does the story ______ us
To her surprise, the box was full of gold coins.(改为同义句)
______ her ______, the box was full of gold coins.
She decided to share her only cabbage with the hungry people.(改为否定句)
She ______ ______ to share her only cabbage with the hungry people.
(五)阅读理解
Happiness is for everyone. You don't need to care about those people who have beautiful houses with large gardens and swimming pools or those who have nice cars and a lot of money and so on. Why Because those who have big houses may often feel lonely and those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time.
In fact, happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it. When you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you; when you study hard at your lessons, your parents are always taking good care of your life and your health; when you get success, your friends will say congratulations to you; when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it. And when you do something good to others, you will feel happy, too. All these are your happiness. If you notice them, you can see that happiness is always around you.
Happiness is ______.
A. for those who have large and beautiful houses
B. for those who have cars
C. for those who have a lot of money
D. for everyone
When you do something wrong, ______.
A. people around you will help you
B. your classmates will laugh at you
C. you will be happy
D. you will have no chance to correct it
Which of the following is NOT true according to the passage
A. People who have cars would never like to walk in the open air.
B. You can get help from others when you are in trouble.
C. You can still be a happy person even if you have little money.
D. Happiness is always around you though difficulties come towards you.
The best title of this passage is ______.
A. Bad Luck
B. Good Luck
C. Happiness
D. Life
答案及解析
(一)词汇填空
factory 解析:根据 “制造机器” 可知是在工厂工作,故填 factory。
freezing 解析:根据 “最好多穿衣服” 可知外面很冷,故填 freezing。
forget 解析:“forget to do sth.” 表示 “忘记去做某事”,这里是离开教室时别忘记关灯,故填 forget。
decide 解析:根据 “不知道买哪本书” 可知是难以决定,故填 decide。
experience 解析:“在教学方面有很多经验”,experience 作 “经验” 讲时是不可数名词,故填 experience。
(二)单项选择
B 解析:根据 “想再看一遍” 可知电影很令人兴奋,修饰物用 exciting,excited 修饰人,boring “无聊的”,bored “感到无聊的”,所以选 B。
C 解析:“a number of” 表示 “许多”,后接可数名词复数,作主语时谓语动词用复数;“the number of” 表示 “…… 的数量”,作主语时谓语动词用单数,所以选 C。
C 解析:“spend + 时间 + (in) doing sth.” 表示 “花费时间做某事”,所以选 C。
B 解析:“adj. + enough + to do sth.” 表示 “足够…… 去做某事”,根据 “自己去上学” 可知是年龄足够大,所以选 B。
A 解析:根据 “by bike” 可知是询问交通方式,用 how,所以选 A。
(三)词义辨析专项
join 解析:“加入英语俱乐部”,表示加入某个组织,用 join。
cost 解析:主语 “this new bike” 是物,“花费某人多少钱” 用 cost。
alone; lonely 解析:“独自居住” 用 live alone,“感到孤独” 用 feel lonely。
borrow 解析:“从别人那里借东西” 用 borrow。
hear 解析:“听到有人唱歌” 强调听的结果,用 hear。
looking for 解析:“正在找钥匙” 强调寻找的过程,用 look for,这里用现在进行时。
say; speak 解析:“用英语说它” 强调内容用 say,“说中文” 强调语言用 speak。
put on 解析:“外面冷,穿上外套” 强调动作,用 put on。
A number of 解析:“我们班许多学生喜欢打篮球”,“许多” 用 a number of。
little 解析:“瓶子里几乎没有水了”,water 是不可数名词,表否定用 little。
(四)句子改写
too; to 解析:“so...that...”(如此…… 以至于……),否定句可改为 “too...to...”(太…… 而不能……)。
took; to do 解析:“sb. spend + 时间 + doing sth.” 可改为 “It takes sb. + 时间 + to do sth.”,原句是一般过去时,所以 take 用 took。
What; tell 解析:对 “that happiness comes from sharing” 提问,用 what,原句谓语动词是 tells,疑问句借助助动词 does,后面动词用原形 tell。
To; amazement 解析:“to one's surprise”(令某人惊讶的是),可替换为 “to one's amazement”。
didn't decide 解析:原句是一般过去时,改为否定句借助助动词 didn't,后面动词用原形 decide。
(五)阅读理解
D 解析:根据 “Happiness is for everyone.” 可知幸福属于每个人,选 D。
A 解析:根据 “when you do something wrong, people around you will help you to correct it.” 可知做错事时周围人会帮忙,选 A。
A 解析:A 选项,文中说 “those who have cars may want to walk on the country roads at their free time”,说明有车的人也想在空闲时间走在乡村道路上,该选项错误;B 选项,根据 “when you are in trouble at school, your friends will help you” 可知遇到困难时能得到帮助,该选项正确;C 选项,幸福与金钱无关,即使钱少也能幸福,该选项正确;D 选项,根据 “happiness is always around you if you put your heart into it” 可知即使有困难,幸福也总在身边,该选项正确。所以选 A。
C 解析:文章主要围绕幸福展开,介绍了幸福的含义和所在,所以标题选 C 最合适。
如果你还想对这份资料进行修改,比如增加更多题型、更换题目难度等,都可以随时告诉我。
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