阅读理解新闻报道 学案（含解析与译文））-2025届高三下学期英语二轮复习专项

专题一 阅读理解
体裁微解——新闻报道
一、复习目标
1.考点归纳
新闻报道的第一句往往为全文的中心句(topic sentence)，因此在这个句子中主要讲清what(事件)，when(时间)，where(地点)和who(人物)，而在下文则要补充事件的过程和细节，往往包括why(目的或原因)和how(具体过程)等。新闻报道的一些常用语，如It is reported that...，As is reported...，According to the report...，It is estimated that...等。
2.易混点：新闻报道亦为记叙文，时态一般要用过去时；主句、从句结构清晰，语言客观平实，往往没有过分花哨的词汇和过于复杂的句型。
2、专题知识构造
标题 准确、简洁、生动和实在；往往利用悬念、比喻、拟人手法，使之更具吸引力
导语 位于段首，往往是首句或第一段的尾句；高度概括新闻内容，包括5W(When、Where、Who、What、Why)
背景 提供新闻事件发生、发展的环境或条件，起说明、补充的作用
主体 承接导语，详述新闻事实，使其具体而完整，并阐述导语所揭示的主题，或回答导语中提出的问题
结语 位于结尾，可以是最后一句话、最后一段或最后一个层次；总结新闻事件及其影响或介绍其进一步发展
三 考点注释+解题技巧
新闻报道主要是提供事实信息，一般是简单叙述事件发生的五要素，事件经过和各方反应，很少去探究事件背后深层次的原因。新闻报道的体裁主要有消息、通讯，通常采用记叙的方式来讲清事实(即时间、地点、人物、事件、为什么)，强调用事实说话，注重准确客观。因此，做题时要关注新闻报道的结构和细节。具体答题策略如下：
策略指导 技法解读
研读导语 首段通常是导语，说明文章的中心人物或事件，由此把握文章主题。
直接读题 判断题目类型，找出定位词。
定位查信息 根据定位词，在原文中找出关键句，对照选项确定答案。
四、典例探究
【典例1】
　【2023·新高考全国卷Ⅱ阅读B】
Turning soil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sound like tough work for middle and high school kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramillo, who with another teacher started Urban Sprouts, a school garden program at four low income schools. The program aims to help students develop science skills, environmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramillo's students live in neighborhoods where fresh food and green space are not easy to find and fast food restaurants outnumber grocery stores. “The kids literally come to school with bags of snacks and large bottles of soft drinks，” she says. “They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Though some are initially scared of the insects and turned off by the dirt, most are eager to try something new.
Urban Sprouts' classes, at two middle schools and two high schools, include hands on experiments such as soil testing, flower and seed dissection, tastings of fresh or dried produce, and work in the garden. Several times a year, students cook the vegetables they grow, and they occasionally make salads for their entire schools.
Program evaluations show that kids eat more vegetables as a result of the classes. “We have students who say they went home and talked to their parents and now they're eating differently，” Jaramillo says.
She adds that the program's benefits go beyond nutrition. Some students get so interested in gardening that they bring home seeds to start their own vegetable gardens. Besides, working in the garden seems to have a calming effect on Jaramillo's special education students, many of whom have emotional control issues. “They get outside，” she says, “and they feel successful.”
1．What do we know about Abby Jaramillo
A.She used to be a health worker. B.She grew up in a low income family.
C.She owns a fast food restaurant. D.She is an initiator of Urban Sprouts.
2．What was a problem facing Jaramillo at the start of the program
A.The kids' parents distrusted her.
B.Students had little time for her classes.
C.Some kids disliked garden work.
D.There was no space for school gardens.
3．Which of the following best describes the impact of the program
A.Far reaching.　　　　　　 B．Predictable.
C.Short lived. D．Unidentifiable.
4．What can be a suitable title for the text
A.Rescuing School Gardens B.Experiencing Country Life
C.Growing Vegetable Lovers D.Changing Local Landscape
【学法指导】
浏览文章，判断文体 在做新闻类阅读理解题时，我们首先通过新闻独有的语篇特征，如导语、信息源等，判断是否是新闻类语篇；然后，根据文章结构特点和题型特点去文章相应部分寻找答案，这样可以节约时间。
利用导语，掌握核心 导语往往包括了新闻最具价值的内容，与主旨密切相关，是对新闻事件本质、新闻人物的突出特点和社会现象背后的原因等最凝练的概括，是写作意图题、主旨大意题的重要判断依据。
深入细节，定位分析 细节理解题是新闻类语篇的主要考查题型，做题时我们要有“题目意识”，即由题干关键词把握命题意图和答题要点，解题时多使用“同义转换”和“定位原文”两种方法。
结合主旨，理解引语 引语是新闻类语篇中的点睛之笔，用来体现作者或者文中相关人物的观点、态度，用来佐证支撑主旨。在答题时我们要有“语境意识”，即联系文章主旨和上下文语境分析判断作者的写作意图或者说话人的情感态度。
【典例2】
A（2023浙江卷）
A machine can now not only beat you at chess, it can also outperform you in debate. Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.
Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make. Such wrinkles will no doubt be ironed out, yet they also point to a fundamental problem. As Kristian Hammond, professor of electrical engineering and computer science at Northwestern University, put it: “There’s never a stage at which the system knows what it’s talking about.”
What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant. Humans, in thinking, talking, reading and writing, also work with symbols. But for humans, meaning is everything. When we communicate, we communicate meaning. What matters is not just the outside of a string of symbols, but the inside too, not just how they are arranged but what they mean.
Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations. It is this that distinguishes humans from machines. And that’s why, however astonishing Project Debater may seem, the tradition that began with Socrates and Confucius will not end with artificial intelligence.
5．Why does the author mention Noa Ovadia in the first paragraph
A．To explain the use of a software program.
B．To show the cleverness of Project Debater.
C．To introduce the designer of Project Debater.
D．To emphasize the fairness of the competition.
6．What does the underlined word “wrinkles” in paragraph 2 refer to
A．Arguments. B．Doubts. C．Errors. D．Differences.
7．What is Project Debater unable to do according to Hammond
A．Create rules. B．Comprehend meaning.
C．Talk fluently. D．Identify difficult words.
8．What can we learn from the last paragraph
A．Social interaction is key to understanding symbols.
B．The human brain has potential yet to be developed.
C．Ancient philosophers set good examples for debaters.
D．Artificial intelligence ensures humans a bright future.
五、训练检测
A
(2024·浙江名校协作体联考)In the joyful summer Chadalavada spent with Jayasree, his grandmother, the pair watched endless movies. Late one evening, Jayasree, who had recently been diagnosed with Alzheimer's, got up in her nightdress and went to make tea at her home in India. After she returned to her bedroom, Chadalavada went into the kitchen to find that his grandmother had left the gas on!
Chadalavada decided to invent a wearable device to help people like his grandmother. Now aged 17, Chadalavada is ready to start making the Alpha Monitor. The device, which can be worn as an armband, sets off an alarm when the wearer with Alzheimer's starts to move and warns a caregiver if the patient falls or wanders off.
Most similar devices run on Wi Fi or Bluetooth, so when a person moves out of their frequencies' limited range the connection is lost and with it the monitoring. But the Alpha Monitor can detect a person more than a mile away in cities and three miles in the countryside thanks to the long range technology, known as LoRa, it uses.
Teaching himself with online videos about robotics and electronics, Chadalavada has developed several prototypes. To understand the needs of people with Alzheimer's, he spent time in a day centre run by the Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India. There, the cofounder told him that the device “had to be something light that can be worn on any part of the body”. She says，“Many patients don't like having to wear a watch and they take it off.”
In March, when Chadalavada's school exams are over, he will put the finishing touches to the monitor, with the aim of getting the device ready for market by September. He is confident that it should be sold at an affordable price for most people.
Chadalavada hopes to study robotics at a university abroad. His aim is simple：“I want to create products to help people in India for the whole world.”
1．Why did Chadalavada invent the Alpha Monitor
A.To treat Alzheimer's.
B.To entertain senior citizens.
C.To improve Alzheimer's caregiving.
D.To ensure fire safety at the elderly's homes.
2．What is an advantage of the Alpha Monitor
A.It is more comfortable to wear.
B.It has a longer service time.
C.It offers a remoter monitoring.
D.It uses higher frequency controls.
3．What did Chadalavada want to explore while he spent time in a day centre
A.Where his invention could be polished.
B.What people with Alzheimer's felt like.
C.How Alzheimer's disease could be cured.
D.Whether his invention would be profitable.
4．What can we learn about Chadalavada from the passage
A.He enjoys living simply.
B.He has an innovative mind.
C.He used to be a health worker.
D.He longs to be a robotic professor.
B(2024·嘉兴二模)
Meat cultivated from cells—with no need to raise and kill animals—is now a reality. The process of cultivating meat uses the basic elements needed to build muscle and fat and enables the same biological process that happens inside an animal. Cultivated meat is identical to conventional meat at the cellular level. But can it be made cheaply enough to replace animal agriculture
More than 150 startups are pursuing an ambitious goal: meat that doesn't require raising and killing animals and that is affordable and tastes and feels like the meat we eat now. They are part of a young industry aiming to use cell biology to reduce the environmental impact of the world's ever－increasing demand for meat and change global protein production in the way electric cars are shaking up the auto industry.
“We are addicted to meat as a species. It's part of our culture，” said Believer founder Yaakov Nahmias. “But we thought about quantity rather than the environment, rather than sustainability.”
Although there are dozens of companies making this meat, none have yet reached commercial level production in terms of scale or cost. From cell line development to bio－processor design, there are a number of scientific challenges to meet before cultivated meat is widely available at the market. Government policy is another challenge. Only Singapore and the U．S. allow sales of cultivated meat.
And while many people who have tried it say they like it, others find the idea distasteful. A recent survey from The Associated Press－NORC Center for Public Affairs Research found that half of U．S. adults would be unlikely to try it. When they were asked why, about half said they didn't think it would be safe. Even Nahmias' 10－year－old son Oren said he would only eat traditional meat. “I feel bad” for the animals, he said, “but they are yummy！”
“Until this meat costs and tastes the same as traditional meat, it will remain a specialized product，” said Bruce Friedrich, president of the Good Food Institute.
5．Why does the author ask a question in the first paragraph
A.To indicate an opinion.
B.To present a worry.
C.To make an assumption.
D.To start a discussion.
6．What does the cultivated meat industry aim to do
A.Study cell biology.
B.Provide sustainable protein.
C.End world hunger.
D.Help the traditional food industry.
7．What can we infer about cultivated meat
A.It is unripe for mass production.
B.It is as popular as traditional meat.
C.It is safer than traditional meat.
D.It is competitive in price and quantity.
8．What is Bruce Friedrich's attitude to the future of cultivated meat
A.Enthusiastic.　　　　　 B．Dismissive.
C.Unclear. D．Conservative.
C (2022·新高考Ⅰ)
The elderly residents (居民) in care homes in London are being given hens to look after to stop them feeling lonely.
The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people's wellbeing.It is also being used to help patients suffering dementia, a serious illness of the mind.Staff in care homes have reported a reduction in the use of medicine where hens are in use.
Among those taking part in the project is 80-year-old Ruth Xavier.She said：“I used to keep hens when I was younger and had to prepare their breakfast each morning before I went to school.”
“I like the project a lot.I am down there in my wheelchair in the morning letting the hens out and down there again at night to see they've gone to bed.”
“It's good to have a different focus.People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them.I'm enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.”
There are now 700 elderly people looking after hens in 20 care homes in the North East, and the charity has been given financial support to roll it out countrywide.
Wendy Wilson, extra care manager at 60 Penfold Street, one of the first to embark on the project, said: “Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions.We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here.”
Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project.It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.”
9. What is the purpose of the project
A. To ensure harmony in care homes. B. To provide part-time jobs for the aged.
C. To raise money for medical research. D. To promote the elderly people’s welfare.
10. How has the project affected Ruth Xavier
A. She has learned new life skills. B. She has gained a sense of achievement.
C. She has recovered her memory. D. She has developed a strong personality.
11. What do the underlined words “embark on” mean in paragraph 7
A. Improve. B. Oppose. C. Begin. D. Evaluate.
12. What can we learn about the project from the last two paragraphs
A. It is well received. B. It needs to be more creative.
C. It is highly profitable. D. It takes ages to see the results.
体裁微解——新闻报道答案
【典例1】答案：24～27.DCAC
本文是一篇新闻报道。文章介绍了一个学校菜园项目的启动背景、目的、内容和意义。
第1题是细节理解题，解题时可使用“定位原文”法。根据题干关键词Abby Jaramillo可以定位到文章第一段，根据该段中的“says Abby Jaramillo...started Urban Sprouts”可知，艾比·贾拉米洛是该项目的创始人之一。
第2题是细节理解题，解题时可使用“同义转换”法。根据第二段中的“‘They come to us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.’ Though some are initially...turned off by the dirt”可知，这个项目刚开始时，贾拉米洛面临的一个问题就是有些学生不喜欢园艺工作。
第3题是推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可知，该项目不仅让学生吃得更有营养，而且对那些有情绪控制问题的学生有镇定作用。由此可推知，该项目的影响是深远的。
第4题是标题归纳题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了老师发起了一个学校菜园项目，使学生们爱上园艺并开始种菜的故事。
译文：
对初高中的孩子们来说，翻土、拔草、收白菜听起来很辛苦。起初是这样的，艾比·哈拉米洛说，她和另一位老师在四所低收入学校启动了“城市芽”学校花园项目。该项目旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环保意识和健康的生活方式。
Jaramillo的学生住的社区不容易找到新鲜食物和绿色空间，快餐店的数量比杂货店多。她说：“孩子们真的带着一袋袋的零食和大瓶的软饮料来学校。”“他们来找我们，认为蔬菜很可怕，泥土很可怕，昆虫也很可怕。”虽然有些人一开始害怕昆虫，对泥土感到厌烦，但大多数人都渴望尝试新的东西。
Urban Sprouts在两所初中和两所高中开设了课程，课程内容包括动手实验，比如土壤测试、花和种子解剖、品尝新鲜或干燥的农产品，以及在花园里干活。一年中有几次，学生们会亲自烹饪自己种植的蔬菜，偶尔还会为全校师生制作沙拉。
项目评估显示，孩子们吃了更多的蔬菜作为课程的结果。哈拉米略说：“我们有学生说，他们回家后和父母谈了谈，现在他们的饮食习惯不同了。”
她补充说，该计划的好处不仅仅是营养。有些学生对园艺非常感兴趣，他们带回家种子开始自己的菜园。此外，在花园里工作似乎对Jaramillo的特殊教育学生有镇静作用，他们中的许多人都有情绪控制问题。“他们走出去，”她说，“他们觉得自己很成功。”
【典例2】 BCBA
【导语】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要介绍的是在辩论中战胜人类的名为Project Debater的软件程序。
5．推理判断题。根据第一段的“Last week, in a public debate in San Francisco, a software program called Project Debater beat its human opponents, including Noa Ovadia, Israel’s former national debating champion.(上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军Noa Ovadia。)”可知，作者在第一段提到Noa Ovadia的目的是展示Project Debater的聪明。故选B。
6．词句猜测题。根据第二段的“Brilliant though it is, Project Debater has some weaknesses. It takes sentences from its library of documents and prebuilt arguments and strings them together. This can lead to the kinds of errors no human would make.(尽管Project Debater很聪明，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能会导致人类不会犯的错误。)”和“will no doubt be ironed out(毫无疑问会被解决)”可知，划线词所在句子表示“这样的错误会被纠正，被解决”，划线词wrinkles的意思是“错误”，和errors意思相近，故选C。
7．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段的“What Hammond is referring to is the question of meaning, and meaning is central to what distinguishes the least intelligent of humans from the most intelligent of machines. A computer works with symbols. Its program specifies a set of rules to transform one string of symbols into another. But it does not specify what those symbols mean. Indeed, to a computer, meaning is irrelevant.(Hammond所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的关键。计算机使用符号。它的程序指定了一组将一串符号转换为另一串符号的规则。但它并没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对于计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。)”可知，根据Hammond的说法，Project Debater不能理解意义，故选B。
8．细节理解题。根据最后一段的“Meaning emerges through a process of social interaction, not of computation, interaction that shapes the content of the symbols in our heads. The rules that assign meaning lie not just inside our heads, but also outside, in society, in social memory, social conventions and social relations.(意义的产生是通过社会互动的过程，而不是计算的过程，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的头脑中，也存在于社会之外，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。)”可知，从最后一段我们能了解到社会互动是理解符号的关键。故选A。
译文：
现在，机器不仅能在国际象棋中打败你，还能在辩论中胜过你。上周，在旧金山的一场公开辩论中，一个名为Project Debater的软件程序击败了它的人类对手，其中包括以色列前全国辩论冠军诺亚·奥瓦迪亚（Noa Ovadia）。
尽管“辩论者计划”非常出色，但它也有一些弱点。它从文档库和预先构建的参数中提取句子，并将它们串在一起。这可能导致人类不会犯的错误。这些问题无疑会被解决，但它们也指出了一个根本问题。正如西北大学（Northwestern University）电子工程和计算机科学教授克里斯蒂安 哈蒙德（Kristian Hammond）所说：“系统从来没有一个阶段知道自己在说什么。”
哈蒙德所指的是意义的问题，而意义是区分最不聪明的人类和最聪明的机器的核心。计算机处理符号。它的程序指定了一组规则来将一串符号转换成另一串符号。但它没有具体说明这些符号的含义。事实上，对计算机来说，意义是无关紧要的。人类在思考、说话、阅读和写作时也使用符号。但对人类来说，意义就是一切。当我们交流时，我们传达的是意义。重要的不仅是一串符号的外部，还有内部，不仅仅是它们的排列方式，还有它们的含义。
意义是通过社会互动的过程产生的，而不是通过计算，这种互动塑造了我们头脑中符号的内容。赋予意义的规则不仅存在于我们的大脑中，也存在于外部，存在于社会中，存在于社会记忆、社会习俗和社会关系中。这就是人类与机器的区别。这就是为什么，无论《辩论者计划》看起来多么惊人，始于苏格拉底和孔子的传统不会终结于人工智能。
训练检测
A篇 【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章讲述了查达拉瓦达研发出阿尔法监测仪来帮助监测阿尔茨海默症患者。
1．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Late one evening...at her home in India.”和第二段中的“Chadalavada decided to invent a wearable device...start making the Alpha Monitor.”可知，查达拉瓦达发明阿尔法监测仪是为了改善阿尔茨海默症的护理。
2．C　解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“But the Alpha Monitor can detect...it uses.”可知，阿尔法监测仪的优点是它提供了较远的监测。
3．A　解析：细节理解题。根据第四段中的“To understand the needs of...the Alzheimer's and Related Disorders Society of India.”和第五段第一句可知，查达拉瓦达在日托中心想要探索他的发明有什么地方可以被改进。
4．B　解析：推理判断题。根据第二段中的“Now aged 17, Chadalavada is ready to start making the Alpha Monitor.”可知，查达拉瓦达研发了阿尔法监测仪来帮助监测阿尔茨海默症患者，由此可推知，他是有创新的头脑的。
B篇【解题导语】　本文是一篇新闻报道。文章报道了用细胞培植的肉的发展和人们对此的看法。
5．D　解析：推理判断题。根据第一段及下文内容可推知，作者在第一段提出了一个问题是为了引出关于细胞培植肉是否能以足够低的成本取代畜牧业这个话题的讨论。
6．B　解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“They are part of a young industry aiming...in the way electric cars are shaking up the auto industry.”可知，培植肉类行业的目的是提供可持续的蛋白质。
7．A　解析：推理判断题。根据第四段中的“From cell line development to bio－processor design...before
8．D　解析：观点态度题。根据最后一段内容可推知，布鲁斯·弗里德里希对培植肉持有保守的态度。
C篇 主要讲述了旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况的项目。
来源于 “英国每日电讯报”的一篇文章名为 “Lonely elderly given hens to keep them company”
【9题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第二段“The project was dreamed up by a local charity (慈善组织) to reduce loneliness and improve elderly people’s wellbeing (该项目由当地一家慈善机构构想，旨在减少孤独，改善老年人的健康状况)”可知，这个项目的目的是为了提高老年人的幸福。故选D。
【10题详解】推理判断题。根据文章第五段““It’s good to have a different focus. People have been bringing their children in to see the hens and residents come and sit outside to watch them. I’m enjoying the creative activities, and it feels great to have done something useful.” (有不同的关注点很好。人们把自己的孩子带进来看母鸡，居民们也来外面坐着看它们。我喜欢创造性的活动，做一些有用的事情的感觉很好)”可推知，Ruth Xavier通过该项目获得了一种成就感。故选B。
【11题详解】词义猜测题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及划线处前的“one of the first (第一批人之一)”可知Wendy Wilson是着手这项工程的人之一，划线处的含义与C项：“Begin (开始)”含义相近。故选C。
【12题详解】推理判断题。根据文章倒数第二段“Residents really welcome the idea of the project and the creative sessions. We are looking forward to the benefits and fun the project can bring to people here. (居民们非常欢迎该项目的想法和创意会议。我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣)”以及最后一段“Lynn Lewis, director of Notting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy to be taking part in the project. It will really help connect our residents through a shared interest and creative activities.” (“诺丁山路径”的负责人林恩·刘易斯说:我们很高兴能参与这个项目。它将通过共同的兴趣和创造性活动真正帮助我们的居民联系起来)”可知，该项目的反响很好。故选A。