中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考单词P（解析版）
目录
高考单词P 1
高考核心词汇与练习---P 53
potential [p ten ( )l] a. 潜在的，可能的 n. 潜力，潜能
【助记】海神波塞冬Poseidon，能制造海啸和地震，所以pos-=pot-表示“能力”。
【真句】Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.【2023新高考1卷】尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，许多问题仍然存在，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。
【真句】“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”【2022北京卷】“新的是，”约翰逊写道，“现在量子计算研究人员可能有数百万美元。”
【真句】 It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. 【2022北京卷】我脑海中有一个声音告诉我，那句话阻止了很多人发挥他们的潜力：我做不到。
【真句】... the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities【2018年北京】这个技术有可能改变我们的运输系统和我们的城市
【拓展】possibility [p s b l t ] vn. 可能，可能性
possible [ p s b( )l] a. 可能的
【真句】Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them.【2023.1浙江卷】太阳能开发商希望尽快和尽可能便宜地安装电池板，所以他们没有过多考虑。
【真句】My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.【2022北京卷】我的完美主义倾向是这一切的主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，这显然在生活中是不可能的，但它消耗了我。
impossible [ m p s b( )l] a. 不可能的
【真句】I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible.【2022北京卷】我和他一起参加了演讲前晚宴，较小的环境让我慢慢鼓起勇气与他一对一交谈——一个似乎完全不可能的想法。
【真句】This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 【2022年6月浙江卷】这项工作拓展了我的思维，这在教室的四壁内是不可能做到的。
possibly v ad. 可能地，也许
【真句】With the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Johnson said in an email.【2022北京卷】约翰逊在一封电子邮件中说，鉴于目前人类的足迹，“全球崩溃似乎肯定会以某种形式发生，可能在十年内，当然肯定是在本世纪内。”
precious [ pre s] a. 宝贵的, 珍贵的
【真句】This medal was very precious to my parents.【2019浙江】 这枚奖章对我父母来说非常珍贵。
pack [p k] n. 包,捆;（猎犬、野兽的）一群 v.(为运输或储存而)打包
【助记】和back（后面，后背）相互模仿，体现了b和p的通假关系。
【真句】Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.【2022全国甲卷】谢尔曼·西姆鲁很兴奋地主持了来自威尔士和世界其他地区最好的戏剧、舞蹈、家庭表演和音乐的众多节目。
【真句】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs...【2019年全国】我们第一次受到一群狗的吠叫的欢迎
【拓展】package [ p k d ] n. （尤指包装好或密封的容器）一包，一袋，一盒 （-et表示“小”）
pace [pe s] n. 步伐，节奏；v. （因为紧张）踱步
【真句】Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful. 【2021年6月天津卷】艺术无处不在。任何公共空间都经过艺术头脑的精心设计，既实用又美观。
【真句】According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里） per hour...【2022全国1卷】根据大多数计算，赛跑者以每小时6英里的速度运动，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里...
【真句】Study and write at your own pace, as you have a year to go through the project.【2014湖南阅读】以你自己的节奏去学习和写作，因为你有一年的时间去经历这个项目。
短语：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱，与……步伐一致
【真句】I didn’t have the ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me.【2015北京完形】我不能和队里的其他成员步伐一致，并且他们会嘲笑我。
pack [p k] v. 打包 n. 包，包裹；一群（动物），一伙（人）
【真句】Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more.【2021年6月新高考二卷】打包一个袋子，切一块蛋糕，猜猜哪个果汁容器装的液体最多，等等。
【真句】Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack.【2015湖北阅读】嚎叫是一种在狼群中很常见的行为。
【真句】In Manhattan, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday.【2014山东阅读】在美国税收最高的城市曼哈顿，七天药店里面一包万宝路的香烟售价为10.06美元。
pack作动词时的名词形式：package
particular [p t kj l (r)] a. 特殊的，个别的
【真句】You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.【2023全国1卷】你可以把这些实践看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一个极简主义的生活方式，以代表你的特殊环境。
【真句】Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. 【2021北京卷】即使这种计时的方法在其细节上是新颖的，早期的农业社会也将时间与自然现象联系起来。
【真句】The students feel that they belong to a particular group. 【2019浙江】 学生们觉得自己属于一个特定的群体。
package [ p k d ] n. 包，盒；包裹
【真句】This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages. 【2022.6浙江卷】这就是“小森林运动”，旨在证明生活中最好的东西确实是小包装的。
【真句】As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required.【2021.3天津卷】作为一揽子计划的一部分，提供了初步和后续的培训课程，如有需要，可提供住宿。
【真句】Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.【2014天津阅读】她匆忙地将衣服从包里拿出来并试穿，结果却发现不合适。
【真句】Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk.【2013江苏阅读】第二天回到办公室的时候他发现桌子上有一个包裹。
paddle [ p dl] n. 桨状物
page [pe d ] n. 页，页码
【真句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 【2023新高考2卷】最近，随着书籍变得便宜甚至一次性，艺术家们把它们作为艺术品的原材料——把封面、页数甚至完整的书转换成绘画和雕塑。
pain [pe n] n. 疼痛，痛苦
Cruel lies can cause pain.【2016浙江阅读】残酷的谎言会带来痛苦。
pain的形容词形式：painful adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的
【真句】A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis （催眠）can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.【2021.3天津卷】蒙特利尔儿童医院的一项试验项目表明，使用药物催眠（催眠）可以减少患者的疼痛和焦虑。
【真句】Spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers.【2015江西阅读】在电脑前太长时间会使关节和手指非常疼痛。
promote [pr m t] v.促进,推动,促销,晋升
【助记】promote 的原义是“往更具发展的空间或方向移动”，也就是说，“促进”某种情况或者某件事情的发展。在职场或军队中，把员工往更有发展的方向移动的话，就是“提升，晋升”。如果要促进某商品的销售，需要“促销”。
【真句】Markman also promotes off-task time. 【2022.6浙江卷】马克曼还提倡安排下班时间。
【真句】...so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.【2020全国】因此，穆顿这几天的部分工作是推广皮毛。
painstaking adj. [ pe nzte k ]
【真句】Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.【2014上海阅读】她的练习很慢、很辛苦的并且以错误为中心。
paint [pe nt] v. 绘画，绘；描绘，描写；涂，搽 n. 油漆；paints颜料
【真句】Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall.【2015全国一阅读】艺术生把商店的名字涂在墙上。
【真句】It’s hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you’ve never painted any picture.【2014四川阅读】如果你没有画过画那么很难断定你是否或成为画家。
【真句】Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.【2013江西阅读】的确，已经为旅游业的长远未来描绘出一幅美好的画面。
【真句】She is allergic to paint smell.【2012湖北】她对油漆味道很敏感。
paint做动词的两个名词形式：painter[ pe nt ] 油漆工；画家，painting [ pe nt ] n. 绘画
physical ['f z kl] adj. 物质的；身体的；体力的；物理的；
【真句】Like running, race walking is physically demanding...【2020全国】就像跑步一样，跑步对身体要求很高。
pair [pe ] n. 一双，一对
palace [ p l s] n. 宫殿
pale [pe l] adj. 苍白的
【真句】My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair.【2022年6月浙江卷】我的同学们有的肤色白皙，有一双大蓝眼睛，有的肤色深褐色，头发乌黑。
【真句】His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color.【2012福建阅读】他的脸色如此苍白以至于他的嘴唇失去了颜色。
pan [p n] n. 平底锅
pancake [ p nke k] n. 薄煎饼
panda [ p nd ] n. 熊猫
panic [ p n k] n. 恐慌 v. （使）恐慌
【真句】As the bees came closer, his panic increased.【2015江西阅读】当蜜蜂靠近的时候，他的恐慌增加了。
【真句】When you are in a tight situation, don’t panic.【2015江西阅读】当你处于紧急情况的时候不要害怕。
panic的两个形容词形式：panicked [ p n kt] adj. 害怕的；panicking [ p n k ]adj. 令人害怕的
paper [ pe p ] n. 纸；报纸
paperwork [ pe p w k] n. 日常文书工作
paragraph [ p r gr f] n. （文章的）段落
parallel [ p r lel] n. 联系，相似（之处）；adj. 平行的
【真句】When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.【2022年全国甲卷】当你把它们放在两口之间时，一定要把它们放一起，使它们与你面前的桌子边缘平行。
【真句】I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps.【2012江苏阅读】我从来没有看到Scarface和Macbeth之间的联系，也从没听到Macbeth的独白被读成说唱。
parcel [ pɑ sl] n. 包裹
pardon [ pɑ dn] n. 请重复一遍；对不起，请原谅
parent [ pe r nt] n. 父(母)，双亲
Paris [ p r s] n. 巴黎
park [pɑ:k] n. 公园；vt. 停放(汽车)
【真句】I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.【2013天津阅读】我把车停在半英里之外的地方，然后安安静静地读我的书。
park作动词时的名词形式：parking n. 停车
parking lot 停车场
parrot [ p r t] n. 鹦鹉
part [pɑ t] n. 部分；角色 v. （使）分开，（使）分离
【真句】We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.【2014全国一阅读】我们穿过了两个洞穴，这是我们旅行中的非同寻常的一部分。
【真句】Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities.【2014安徽阅读】牛甚至在今天的一些民间活动中扮演重要角色。
【真句】we parted with each other in London.【2013北京阅读】我们在伦敦分开了。
短语：take part in 参加 （含有参加之意的单词还有participate）
【真句】Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently.【2014江西阅读】最后，我们经常参加体育和户外运动。
play a part参与，起作用
【真句】No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. 【2013广东阅读】不管这份工作多么普通，它在社会中都起作用并且值得我们尊重。
on sb’s part = on the part of sb 某人所做的，就某人而言
【真句】Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.【2013安徽作文】改变这一情况需要我们每个人的巨大努力。
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
【真句】Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case.【2012上海完形】一个人是否能收到别人的帮助部分取决于这一事情的价值。
part time job 兼职工作
【真句】They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.【2015山东阅读】他们鼓励他们的双胞胎儿子做兼职工作。
partly[ pɑ tl ] adv. 部分地,在一定程度上
【真句】Beijing’s skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private cars. [阅读]2015全国二
北京滑雪热的部分原因是因为最近私家车的增加。
participate [pɑ t s pe t] vi 参加
短语：participate in 参与，参加
【真句】Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.【2013浙江完形】去年春天，我有幸被选拔参加一个交流生项目。
participate的两个名词形式：participation [pɑ: t s pe n] n.参与，参加 participant [pɑ: t s p nt] n. 参与者
particular [p t kj l ] adj. 特殊的，特别的；特定的；n. 细节，详情
【真句】Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.【2019年全国3】学生应该能够根据自己的具体情况扩展他们的逻辑。
【真句】Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths.【2013江苏任务型读写】
在团队中选择适合你特定优势的角色
【真句】This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.【2014江西阅读】提供个人细节这一要求清楚表明作者一定要对他们说的话负责任。
短语：in particular尤其，特别
【真句】Are you looking for anything in particular today 【2015全国二】你今天是在找什么特别的东西吗？
be particular about= be hard/tough on 对……挑剔/苛刻
【真句】Tony was very particular about toys.【2015辽宁完形】托尼对玩具很挑剔。
partner [ pɑ tn ] n. 搭档，伙伴
part-time [pɑ t -ta m] adj. 兼职的
【真句】He was offered a part -time job.【2013江西阅读】他被提供了一个兼职工作。
party [ pɑ t ] n. 聚会；一组，一队，一群
【真句】It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.【2021年6月全国甲卷】这是摆脱旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服、同时举办派对的最佳方式。
【真句】And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of misunderstanding.【2012全国一完形】当一群人来自不同文化的时候，误解很有可能会发生。
pass [p s] vt. 经过；通过；传递；（时间）流逝，度过（时间）；
【真句】If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. 【2019年北京卷】例如，如果一个篮球明星试图获得高分，他可能会在把球传给队友更好的时候自己投篮，从而影响球队的表现。
【真句】I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination.【2015四川写作】我必须努力通过入学考试。
【真句】She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window.【2015上海词汇与语法】她意味深长地看了看我，并且通过窗户递给我一个盒子。
【真句】Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age.【2015全国二阅读】自从Brownie老死已经过去很多年了。
短语：pass by 经过；（时间）流逝
【真句】The minutes passed by.【2016北京完形】几分钟过去了。
【真句】I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.【2015湖南完形】我经过了一位被书从柜子里拿出来的小女孩。
pass away 去世
【真句】I miss him since he’s passed away.【2014浙江阅读】自从他去世后我一直想念他。
pass on 传给；传染
【真句】This higher cost of using “green energy” is usually passed onto the consumer.【2013全国一阅读】使用清洁能源的费用通常被传给消费者。
【真句】The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes.【2012广东阅读】该疾病通过母蚊子传染。
pass down 把某事物传给后人
【真句】She wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids.【2013北京完形】 她说他想成为一名健身教练以把她所学的东西传给别的孩子。
passage [ p s d ] n. (文章等的）一节，一段；通道，走廊
【真句】What could be the best title for the passage 【2016天津阅读】这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
【真句】From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled across the continent.【2016全国二阅读】在那个时候Shackleton想通过狗的雪橇创立一个通道。
passenger [ p s nd ] n. 乘客，旅客
passer-by ['pɑ:s -ba ] n. 过客，过路人
注意passer-by的复数形式为passers-by
passive [ p s v] adj. 被动的，消极的
【真句】passive learning has a serious problem.【2013天津阅读】被动学习有很严重的问题。
passport [ pɑ sp t] n. 护照
past [p st] adj. 过去的 n. 过去（的时间）adv. 在……之后；经过
patent [ pe tnt] n. 专利
【真句】The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed.【2013江西阅读】这个概念可以追溯到1623年，当时通过了第一部保护IP sights的法律。
path [p θ] n. 小道，小径
patient [ pe nt] adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人
【真句】The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.【2021.3天津卷】技术人员将引导患者进入这种改变的状态——一个想象的世界，它将越来越多地与随后的手术分离。
【真句】After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential.【2015湖北阅读】毕竟，医生和患者之间的关系是基于信任的，因此诚实是根本的。
用法：be patient with对……有耐心
【真句】His father was not patient with him.【2015广东阅读】他的爸爸对他没有耐心。
patient作形容词时的名词形式：patience n. 耐心
【真句】Patience is important to drivers.【2012全国一阅读】耐心对驾驶员而言非常重要。
pattern [ p tn] n. 模式，方式；图案，花样
【真句】Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. 【2020.5天津】许多人相信同样的模式也可以在空气中遵循。
【真句】What is the key to breaking the old patterns 【2015福建阅读】打破旧模式的关键是什么？
【真句】Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. 【2016全国卷二七选五】 一些人可能认为花园只不过是植物、花朵和各种颜色的图案而已。
pause [p z] n. v. 暂停，停顿
【真句】After a pause, I opened the box.【2015上海语法与词汇】暂停一段时间后，我打开了盒子。
pay [pe ] v.支付， n.工资
【真句】After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】高中毕业后，詹妮弗就读于当地的一所技术学院，为支付学费而工作, 因为没有多余的钱用于大学教育。
【真句】Life quality is more important than pay.【2015上海】【生活质量比工资更重要。
短语：pay for sth 支付……
【真句】The old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.【2013山东阅读】那个老人问他应该为这项服务付多少钱。
pay back 偿还（钱款）；
【真句】You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.【2013福建阅读】你必须在56天内偿还本金和利息。
pay off 还清债务；得到回报；付清工资解雇
【真句】He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.【2013山东阅读】他成功还清了Sparrow餐厅的债务。
【真句】This work is starting to pay off.【2016北京阅读】这项工作的付出开始得到回报。
—Dad, I don’t think Oliver is the right sort of person for the job.【2014江苏】
—I see. I’ll go right away and pay him off. 我认为Oliver不适合这项工作；我明白了，我立刻去解雇他。
pea [pi ]n. 豌豆
peace [pi s] n. 和平；安静
【真句】He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.【2019全国2.】他喜欢坐着安静地检查手机，或者与他直呼其名的酒保聊天，如果他想与他进行一些互动的话
【真句】Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.【2014湖南 】只有当你发现内心平静的时候你才会与他人保持良好关系。
【真句】Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.【2016全国一阅读】Addams帮助穷人并为了世界和平而奋斗。
peace的形容词形式：peaceful [ pi sf l] adj. 和平的,安静的
peach [pi t ] n. 桃子
pear [pe ]n. 梨子，
peasant [ pez nt]n. 农民
pedestrian [p destr n] n. 步行者，行人
pen [pen] n. 钢笔，笔
pencil [ pens( )l]n. 铅笔
pencil-box [ pensl -b ks]n. 铅笔盒
pen-friend [pen- friend] n. 笔友
penny [ pen ] n. （英）便士；美分
penny的形容词形式：penniless [ penil s] 身无分文的
【真句】His strong-minded grandfather was nearly penniless.【2014福建完形】
pension [ pen n] n. 养老金
【真句】I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to make up for my disability pension.【2015浙江完形】我决定需要做一些额外的工作去弥补我的残疾抚恤金。
people [ pi p( )l] n. 人，人们；人民
pepper [ pep ] n. 胡椒粉
per [p ] prep. 每，每一
percent [p sent] n. 百分之……
percentage [p sent d ] n. 百分率
perfect [ p :f kt] adj. 完美的，极好的
【真句】Dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.【2015福建阅读】晚饭时间似乎是分享我们所学的完美时间。
perform [p f m] v. 表演，演奏；表现；履行，做；
【真句】When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs 【2016全国二阅读】Charlotte Stone什么时候演奏他的歌曲。
【真句】Vacations help us perform better at work and improve our sleep quality.【2014湖南阅读】度假帮助我们在工作上表现的更好并且改善我们的睡眠。
【真句】While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.【2014安徽阅读】在等待晋升期间，亨利努力履行他的职责。
【真句】He attended special training to perform difficult tasks.【2014广东阅读】他参加特殊培训去做一些艰难的任务。
perform的两个名词形式：performance [p f :m ns] 表演；表现；履行，做 performer [p f m ]表演者，演奏者
perfume [ p fju m] n. 香水
perhaps [p h ps] adv. 可能，或
period [ p r d] n. 时期
【真句】Now college years are becoming an extended period of adolescence.【2016北京阅读】现在的大学时期已经变成了青少年的延伸期。
permanent [ p m n nt] adj. 永久的
【真句】For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.【2021年6月全国乙卷】对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据其声明的永久容量对其进行排名，以及来自官方体育场网站的最新信息。
【真句】After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town.【2014上海语法词汇】在从大学毕业之后我不能在我的小镇上找到一份永久的工作。
反义词: temporary adj. 暂时的
【真句】Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.【2016北京阅读】Natalie的学校被破坏的如此严重以至于她不得不暂时去Brooklyn的一所学校去上学。
permit [p m t] v. 允许；使……成为可能
【真句】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.【2012重庆】校长将不允许课程发生变化，他甚至都不考虑。
【真句】No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.【2015天津阅读】学生房间里不允许除鱼以外的其它宠物存在。
permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事，使某人做某事成为可能
【真句】Instead, the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time.【2013江苏阅读】其目标是让我们能够做出有根据的选择关于如何使用我们的时间。
permit作动词时的名词形式：permission [p m n] n. 允许
person [ p sn] n. 人
【真句】He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.【2016全国二阅读】 他将谈论你怎样可以找到合适的人去制作音乐。
短语：in person 亲自
【真句】Maybe we could go and visit everyone in person.【2016北京完形】也许我们可以亲自拜访每一个人。
person的形容词形式：personal [ p s n l] adj. 个人的
【真句】You don’t have a personal plan for growth.【2016江苏完形】你并没有个人的成长计划。
person的副词形式：personally [ p s n li] adv. 就个人而言；亲自
【真句】They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.【2015安徽】他们会亲自或者通过公司将钱捐给老人。
注意：person是可数名词；people意为“人”是集合名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数；但是意为“民族”是可数名词。
personality [ p :s n l ti] n. 个性
【真句】She found that personality had a major impact on learning.【2014湖北阅读】她发现个性对学习有很大的影响。
【真句】 That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. 【2022年6月全国乙卷】这包括大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全。
personnel [p s nel] n. 全体人员，职员（复数名词）
【真句】I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department.【2015全国二阅读】我收到了一封来自人事部领导的一封信。
同义词：staff n. 职员 employee n. 雇员
persuade [p swe d] vt. 说服
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
【真句】Karen persuaded him to see the doctor.【2012湖北阅读】Karen说服他去看医生。
persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某人
【真句】I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.【2015浙江作文】我成功说服我的同学接受我的想法。
同义词：convince sb to do sth；talk sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
persuade的名词形式：persuasion [p swe n] 说服
pest [pest] n. 害虫
pet [pet] n. 宠物
petrol [ petrl] n. 石油
phenomenon [f n m n n] n. 现象 其复数形式为phenomena
【真句】In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.【2020.7天津】过去，录音师都是在录音棚的后室工作，但现在很多录音专业人士都在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，根据我们称之为声音的现象创造新的产品。
【真句】This phenomenon is neither good nor bad.【2015北京阅读】这种现象既不好也不坏。
phone [f n] v. 打电话 n. 电话
phone-booth [f n-bu ] n. 公用电话间
photo [ f t ] n. 照片
photograph [ f t ɡrɑ f] n. 照片
photographer [f t ɡr f ] n. 摄影师
phrase [fre z] n. 短语
physical [ f z kl] adj. 身体的；物理的
【真句】Spiritual forces are more important than physical ones.【2015天津阅读】精神力量比身体力量更重要。
【真句】Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way.【2016浙江阅读】一些心理学家表明儿童不仅仅用这种方式去了解物理世界。
physician [f z n] n. 医生
physicist [ f z s st] n. 物理学家
physics [ f z ks] n. 物理（学）
piano[p n ] n. 钢琴 其另一个名词形式：pianist [ f z ks] n. 钢琴家
pick [p k] v. 挑选；采摘（花、果等）n. 挑选，选择
【真句】Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.【2020.7天津】一旦你要求的书被送到最近的分行，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以去拿了。
【真句】When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much.【2012辽宁完形]】当Glen Kruger从动物收留所挑选一只小猫的时候，他并没有什么期待。
【真句】A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, 【2014浙江阅读】一个像这样的装置可以被用来识别那些非常成熟和等待被采摘吃的水果。
picnic [ p kn k] n. 野餐
picture [ p kt ] n.画，图画；照片；印象；描述v. 想像，设想
Entering the house，he stopped before a picture of Steve and me.【2014重庆完形】进入房间，他停在我和史蒂夫的合照面前。
If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.【2013四川阅读】如果我闭上眼睛，我对第一个家仍然有清晰的印象。
Fourteen buildings in the village give a full picture of everyday life in the nineteenth-century Midwest. 【2013全国二阅读】村里的14栋建筑完全描述了19世纪中西部的日常生活。
I began to picture the rest of the day in the field, without food or drink.【2015湖南完形】我开始想像没有食物和水的剩余的日子
pie [pa ] n. 馅饼
piece [pa ] n. 一块（片，张，件…）
pig [pa ] n. 猪
pile [pa ] n. 堆 v. 堆放
They try to finish off their plate piled with food.【2015湖南阅读】他们努力吃完堆满碟子的食物
短语：a pile of一堆
When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.【2013辽宁】当她到家的时候，家里有一堆邮件等着她。
pile up 堆积
The person who decides the layout of your local supermarket—including how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.【2014上海阅读】决定超市布局——包括橘子该如何堆积——的人就是选择建筑师。
pill [p l] n. 药丸， 近义词：tablet n. 药片
pillow [p l] n. 枕头
pilot [ pa l t] n. 飞行员；v. 驾驶（飞机或宇宙飞船）
As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.【2015四川完形】当我们即将起飞的时候飞行员带着歉意宣布在降落前会有延迟。
The father decided to pilot the plane himself.【2012全国一】爸爸决定亲自驾驶飞机。
pin [p n] n.别针 v. 把……别住/钉住
There is a note pinned to the door saying when the shop will open again.【2014山东阅读】门上面钉着一个通知，上面写着商店再次开门的时间。
pine [pa n] n. 松树
pineapple [ pa n pl] n. 菠萝
ping-pong [p -p ɡ] n. 乒乓球
pink [p k] adj. 粉红色的
pint [pa nt] n.（液量单位）品脱
pioneer [pa n ] n. 先锋，先驱；开拓者，开发者
They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.【2015湖北阅读】他们被当作时尚的先锋
Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations.【2014天津阅读】新加坡的许多地点都以开拓者的名字命名，这样后代就能记住他们的名字了。
pipe [pa p] n. 管子
pity [ p t ] n. 怜悯，同情；可惜，遗憾
They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful.【2015江苏阅读】他们一定展示出了友善和怜悯等品质，没有这些品质生活会非常痛苦。
It is a pity that you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.【2015福建】你错过了关于核污染的
place [ple s] n. 地方，地点；位置；v. 放置
The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.【2012辽宁】
As it grew dark, I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening’s tale. 2014 浙江 阅读 当天黑的时候我会坐在石凳中央的位置开始将当晚的故事。
Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.【2012天津阅读】手写在今天的教室当中仍有一席之地。
The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.【2013重庆阅读】那个助手注意到了我的紧张并把她那温暖的手放到我冰冷的手上。
take place （经计划或安排后）发生，进行；happen偶然发生
What is going to take place on 2 February, 2013 【2013四川阅读】在2013年的2月2将发生什么？
take the place of 代替
A donation box stands in place of a cash register.【2012辽宁阅读】捐赠箱子代替了收银员。
含有“代替”之意的词或短语： in place of sb/sth；in the place of sb/sth； replace
in place 在正确的位置；准备就绪的
The service could be in place by 2015.【2013山阅读】该服务将于2015年准备就绪。
The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall.【2013安徽阅读】绳子将会使你处于正确的位置，这样你就不会掉下去。
plain [ple n] adj. 清楚的；简单的，普通的；（用于强调）完全的，十足的；n. 平原
The language was so simple that I could plainly understand its meaning.【2016上海阅读】这个语言如此简单以至于我可以清楚地明白它的意思。
My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain workman’s life, determined that I would not grow up like him.【2012浙江阅读】妈妈对我父亲的普通工人生活非常不满意，她决定当我长大的时候不要和他一样。
Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing if there is just plain silence during gathering.【2015山东回答问题】如果父母每天在聚会时只是完全安静地和他们的孩子坐下来吃饭那么他们什么都获得不了。
plan [pl n]n. v. 计划，打算
You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you 【2016江苏完形】你并没有一个个人成长计划，不是吗？
plane [ple n] n. 飞机
planet [ pl n t] n. 行星
plant [plɑ nt] vt. 种植n. 植物
Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.【2016全国二七选五阅读】仍然有一些人，他们只喜欢户外和亲近自然。
She planted vegetables in her yard.【2015全国一阅读】她在院子里种了一些蔬菜。
plastic [ pl st k] adj. 塑料的；可塑的 n. 塑料
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing table tennis or bridge.【2012四川阅读】为了保持大脑的可塑性，你可以做一些挑战你并让你兴奋的活动，如打乒乓球或玩桥牌。
Most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags.【2012福建阅读】世界上的大多数国家通过了禁止使用塑料袋的法律。
plate [ple t] n. 牌；盘子；板；片
platform [ pl tf m] n. 月台，站台；平台；讲台
She built an information sharing platform.【2016北京阅读】她建立了一个信息分享平台。
By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired.【2014广东阅读】当丽莎走到月台的时候她感到非常的疲惫与虚弱
Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: Rule 1.【2015广东写作】Sally走到讲台拿起粉笔并在黑板上写下了“规则一”。
play [ple ] v. 玩，参加（比赛或运动）；演奏；播放；扮演（角色）；n. 戏剧，剧本；游戏，玩耍；
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though she is in his nineties.【2016北京】我的祖父现在时而打网球，尽管他已经90多岁了。
Architects play a more important role than builders.【2016天津阅读】建筑师扮演的角色比建造者重要。
Bring that accordion and play some songs tonight.【2014湖南完形】今晚把手风琴带来给我们演奏几首歌曲。
It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.【2015山东阅读】它是第一部赢得三项主要大奖的剧本。
A baby’s play is nothing more than a game.【2016浙江阅读】婴儿的玩耍只不过是一个游戏。
playroom [ ple ru:m] n. 游戏室
player[ ple ] n. 比赛者，选手
playground [ ple gra nd] n. 操场，运动场
playmate [ ple me t] n. 玩伴
please [pli z] v. 使高兴；取悦
This joyful show will please everyone.【2016全国二阅读】这个令人愉悦的表演将会使每个人都开心。
They have to please the tourists for a living.【2013江西阅读】他们必须靠取悦游客谋生。
please的三个形容词形式：pleased; pleasing, pleasant
please的名词形式：pleasure
pleasant [ plez nt] adj. 令人愉快的（注意：pleasant与pleasing是同义词）
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.【2015北京七选五】做白日梦意味着人们思考一些令人高兴的事情，尤其是这些事情会让他们忘记正在做的事情。
pleasing [ pli:z ] adj. 令人高兴的
They are more pleasing than modern buildings.【2014安徽阅读】它们比现代建筑更令人高兴。
pleased [pli zd] adj. 高兴的
Welty looked pleased with this explanation.【2016全国卷三阅读】Welty看上去对我的解释非常高兴。
pleasure [ ple ] n. 高兴，愉快；高兴的事
Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.【2015上海】美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一
plenty [ plent ] n. 充足，大量
plenty的形容词形式：plentiful [ plent fl] adj. 充足的，大量的
plot [pl t] n.情节
Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.【2013江苏阅读】马克吐温的主题似乎与这个情节一致。
plug [pl ɡ] n. 塞子
plus [pl s] prep.加；和，加上 n. 优势，有利条件；加号
Four dollars plus one dollar makes five.【2012湖南完形】四美元加上一美元等于五美元。
Lisa had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way：her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown.【2014广东阅读】Lisa有许多工作要做，此外还有客人来访：她的父母从镇上来和她过感恩节。
What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.【2015北京】一些人眼中的缺点在别人看来却是优势。
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A- plus.【2013北京完形】当我获得A+的成绩的时候，我无语了。
pocket [ p k t] n. 口袋
poem [ p m] n. 诗 poem的另一名词形式：poet [ p t] n. 诗人
point [p nt] n. 点；观点；时候，阶段；地方，位置；意义；v. 指，指向
At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way.【2016北京完形】在某个时期，一堆雪阻挡了他的路。
Then, the writing point of the pen should allow the ink to flow evenly while the pen remains in touch with the paper.【2015安徽完形】当笔接触纸张的时候笔尖应该允许墨水均匀的流淌
From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.【2012 浙江完形】根据这个观点科技已经改变了我们的工作文化。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.【2014浙江】在我的生活中我已经到了我要自己做出决定的这个地步了
Austin didn’t see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox.【2013湖南阅读】Austin看不出建造一个像邮箱的大楼有什么意义。
Where are the signs that point to the zoo 【2013湖南】指向动物园的指示牌在什么地方？
After I explained my situation to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street.【2012安徽完形】
在我向她解释了我的情况之后，她指向了对面的公交站牌。
短语：turning point 转折点
The turning point comes after the hero meets his birth mother.【2012江西阅读】当主人公遇到他的母亲的时候转折点出现了。
pint out 指出，指明
They point out there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings without the elevator.【2014湖北阅读】他们指出：没有电梯的话就不会有城市里的摩天大楼和高层建筑物。
poison [ p zn] n. 毒，毒药；v. 毒害，毒死
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.【2015广东阅读】一些动植物包含对人身体有害的天然毒素。
In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.【2015陕西阅读】此外新的咖啡种植技术会使当地甚至全国的地下水受到污染。
poison 的形容词形式：poisonous [ p z n s] adj. 有毒的
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.【2015江苏阅读】电子垃圾也包含许多有毒金属。
pole [p l] n. 杆，电线杆；
police [p li s] n. 警察
policeman [p li sm n] n.警察,巡警
policy [ p l s ] n. 政策
It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.【2013陕西】新形成的委员会政策能否被实施有待观察。
polish [ p l s ] v.擦亮；打磨，润色
I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.【2016江苏阅读】我仍然记得擦亮咖啡桌的桌腿得花多长时间。
Your essay is good; you just need to polish it a bit.【高考真句】你的作文很好，只需要打磨一下就好。
polite [p la t] adj. 有礼貌的
You’d sound a lot more polite.【2014湖北】你应该更有礼貌。
polite的名词形式：politeness [p la tn s] n. 礼貌
political [p l t kl] adj. 政治的
political的两个名词形式：politician [p l t n] n. 政治家 politics [ p l t ks] n. 政治
pollute [p lu t] vt. 污染
The environment might be polluted.【2015四川阅读】那儿的环境可能收到了污染。
pollute的名词形式：pollution [p lu n] n. 污染
pond [p nd] n. 池塘
poor [p ] adj. 贫穷的；不好的，差的；可怜的；不善于……的
In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs.【2015安徽阅读】在20世纪50年代许多穷人没有足够的钱搬往郊区。
It made no profits due to poor management.【2013山东阅读】由于管理不善，它没有盈利。
Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability.【2012全国二阅读】许多实验已经表明几乎每一位不善于读书的人都能够改善他的阅读能力。
Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now!【2014山东】可怜的史蒂夫！我刚才差点没认出他来！
短语：be poor at 不擅长
People poor at one thing can be good at another.【2012浙江阅读】一个人不擅长一件事就会擅长另一件事。
popcorn [ p pk n] n. 爆米花
popular [ p pj l ] adj. 流行的，受欢迎的；通俗的；
What we need most are popular science books.【2014浙江阅读】我们最需要的便是通俗科学的书。
短语：be popular with/among 在……当中受欢迎
Smart and pretty, Kate is very popular among/with her friends.【2012浙江阅读】既漂亮又聪明，凯特在她的朋友中很受欢迎。
popular的名词形式：popularity [ p pju l r ti] n. 流行
population [p pj le n]n. 人口；（聚居於某地区的）一群或一类的人或动物
As the world’s population continues to grow, the supply of food becomes more and more of a concern.【2013浙江】伴随着世界人口持续增长，食物的供应变得越来越令人担心。
The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.【2013全国一阅读】蜜蜂将在10年内灭亡。
pork [p k] n. 猪肉
porridge [ p r d ] n. 稀饭，粥
port [p t] n. 港口，码头
porter [ p t ] n. （火车站或旅馆处的）搬运工
portable [ p t bl] adj.手提的，便携式的
The tent was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.【2015福建】这个帐篷是便携的，两个女性就可以支撑和收放帐篷。
position [p z n] n. 位置；职位（此时等于post）；地位；观点 v. 放置，安置
The position of the classroom with its view made me feel like I was dreaming.【2015浙江改错】带有这个风景的教室位置让我感觉就像在做梦一样。
Dina, struggling for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.【2015湖南】几个月来一直想找一个女服务员工作的Dina最后在当地的广告公司找到了一个职位。
The jobs improve their social position.【2012湖北阅读】这些工作改善了他们的社会地位。
And the latter position is gaining some ground.【2015重庆阅读】后者的观点正在普及
Try to position the stick as vertically as you can.【2014福建阅读】尽可能垂直放置这个棍子。
positive [ p z t v] adj. 积极乐观的；积极的，肯定的 n. 优势，优点
Don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood.【2014湖南阅读】不要在一切都很贵的地方度假这样可以保持一个积极的情绪。
用法：be positive about 对……乐观，对……积极
Now I feel more positive about my professional future and I’m getting on better with my family than I ever have.【2014四川完形】现在我对我的职业未来更加乐观，并且我与家人的关系比以前要好。
反义词：negative [ neg t v] 消极的，否定的
An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always permanent.【2015湖北】一个不幸的童年对一个人的性格有消极的影响，但是他们不是永久的
possess [p zes] vt. 拥有
All human beings possess a body clock.【2014四川阅读】所有的人都有一个生物钟。
possess的名词形式：possession [p ze n] n. 拥有，财产
They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.【2014山东阅读】他们将财产捐给了他们的邻居。
possible [ p s bl] adj. 可能的
They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives.【2015上海阅读】
这些使医生做一些复杂的手术去拯救生命成为了可能。
as … as possible 尽可能快/多等
Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.【2016北京完形】Welch医生需要尽可能多的药物去阻止孩子生病。
possible的名词形式：possibility [p s b l t ] 可能，可能性
注意：likely也有可能的意思，但是在sb is likely to do 结构中，possible不能替换likey。
post [p st] n.职位；邮递，邮政(mail)；邮件(mail) v. 邮寄；张贴
Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【2015陕西】 在下个月末我将担任旅行社的经理一职。
He checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet.【2015上海语法与词汇】他检查是否某人在网上张贴了新的东西
I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office.【2012浙江阅读】我在拐角转了个弯，并且经过了邮政局。
I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.【2015 四川作文】我从你的邮件中得知你想改善普通话。
postage [ p st d ] n. 邮费
postbox [ p stb ks] n. 邮箱
postcard [ p stkɑ d] n. 明信片
postcode [ p stk d] n. 邮政编码
poster [ p st ] n.海报
postman [ p stm n] n. 邮递员
postpone [p st p n] vt. 推迟，延期
The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.【2012江苏】会议将会被推迟的通知在下午两点钟左右到。
用法：postpone doing sth 推迟做某事
含有“推迟，延期”之意的词或短语：put off；delay
pot [p t] n. 锅，壶，瓶，罐
potato [p te t ] n. 土豆，马铃薯
potential [p ten l] n. 潜力；可能性；adj. 有潜力的；潜在的，可能的
I must say that I have the potential to work as an instructor.【2014广东阅读】我必须要说我有成为导师的潜力。
Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis.【2013上海阅读】有三个措施可以缓解当前的食物危机并且避免全球危机的可能性。
Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.【2015江西阅读】太空探索有可能帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题。
pound [pa nd] n. 磅；英镑
pour [p ] vi. 灌，注，倒；涌；大量涌出；（又作pour down）雨倾盆而下
By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.【2016全国二阅读】到他们起身离开的时候，外面正在下着倾盆大雨。
Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks.【2015湖北完形】幸福的眼泪从Susan的脸颊涌下。
And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.【2015全国二阅读】又矮又宽的杯子比既长又窄的杯子多30%的液体。
I can still see the enthusiastic family pouring into and out of the house.【2013福建完形】我仍然可以看到热情的家庭成员涌进涌出房屋。
powder [ pa d ] n. 粉，粉末
power [ pa ] n. 权力；力量；动力；电力；能力；v. 给……提供动力
There is a relationship between power and class.【2013陕西阅读】权力和阶级之间是有关系的。
I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language.【2014天津阅读】我花了大量的时间思考语言的力量。
Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment.【2013全国一阅读】核能的支持者认为核动力对环境有好处。
So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.【2015北京阅读】所以让们记住铁路和公路的影响当我们在西部建造这些新的发电站的时候。
We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible.【2013广东阅读】我们都有能力去使用我们的想象力去尝试一些我们以前不敢想的事情。
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.【2015山东阅读】
从小的感应器到大的系统，电池可以给所有的东西提供动力。
power的形容词形式：powerful
powerful [ pa f l] adj. 强大的，有力的
Miller' s most famous play is a powerful attack on the American system.【2015山东阅读】Miller最著名的剧本有力抨击了美国的体制。
practise [ pr kt s] v. 练习
用法：practise doing 练习做某事
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.【2014福建】她刚做完练习，她的妈妈就让她练习钢琴。
practise的名词形式：practice n. 练习；做法
practice [ pr kt s] n. 练习；做法
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests.【2012江苏阅读】年复一年，我们增加了练习测试的数量。
In my opinion, the practice is completely ridiculous.【2012湖南阅读】在我看来，这种做法是极其荒谬的。
短语：in practice 实际上，在实践中
In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to keeping them.【2015上海完形】实际上，大多数公司的营销努力注重赢得顾客，却很少关注维持顾客。
pracice的形容词形式：practical [ pr kt kl] adj. 实际的
There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.【2014安徽】至于该项目的实际价值人们还有疑虑。
prairie [ pre r ] n. 大草原
praise [pre z] n. vt. 赞扬,表扬
But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect.【2013福建阅读】儿童专家正在了解到太多的表扬会导致相反的作用。
用法：praise sb/sth for (doing) sth 因（做了）某事表扬某人
The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.【2013山东阅读】史密斯夫妇因为教育孩子的方式而得到了赞扬。
pray [pre ] v. 祈祷
pray的名词形式：prayer [pre ] 祈祷
I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.【2015全国一阅读】我送出了感谢的祈祷。
precious [ pre s] adj.宝贵的, 珍贵的
【真句】This medal was very precious to my parents.【2019浙江】 这枚奖章对我父母来说非常珍贵。
同义词：rare adj. 稀有的，珍贵的
precise [pr sa s] adj. 精确的,准确的
A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work.【2014湖北阅读】半个世纪以前，大多数的美国人的工作时间和休息时间是有严格的分解线的。
同义词：exact adj. 准确的； accurate adj. 准确的
predict [pr d kt] v. 预测，预言，预料
scientists have failed to predict the outcomes.【2014重庆阅读】科学家未能预测结果。
predict的名词形式：prediction [pr d k n] 预测
predict的同义词：foresee v. 预测，预料； forecast n. v 预测，预料
prefer [pr f ] vt. 更喜欢
用法：prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A
They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there.【2015安徽阅读】与郊区相比他们更喜欢城市，因为他们的工作在城市里。
用法：prefer to do更喜欢做某事
Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems to themselves, and solve their problems by themselves.【2014湖南】大多数美国人喜欢把问题留给自己然后自己解决这些问题。
prefer doing 更喜欢做某事
I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.【2015江苏】在周日，我更喜欢把自己关起来听一整天的音乐。
prefer doing A to doing B 与做B相比更喜欢做A
It’s my impression that beggars simply prefer begging to working.【2006北京阅读】
在我的映象里面乞丐更喜欢乞讨而不喜欢工作。]
preference [ pref r ns] n. 偏爱
用法：preference for 对……的偏爱
One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.【2015上海】她对城市生活偏爱的一个原因是她可以很容易进入诸如商店和餐馆之类的地方。
pregnant [ preɡn nt] adj. 怀孕的 其名词形式为：pregnancy [ preɡn nsi] 怀孕
prejudice [ pred d s] n. 偏见，成见
We’ve become so accustomed to noise that there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial.【2015安徽阅读】我们如此习惯于声音以至于我们对安静是有好处的想法有深深的成见。
premier [ prem ] n. 首相，总理
prepare [pr pe ] vt. 准备
He could prepare meals in a small kitchen.【2012全国二阅读】它可以在小厨房里面准备饭菜。
用法：prepare for 为……做准备
They also help students prepare for college mathematics.【2012北京阅读】他们帮助学生为大学数学做准备。
prepare sb for sth 使某人为……做准备
He believes that in this fast-developing world parents should prepare their children for lifelong learning at an early age.【2012浙江阅读】他认为在这个快速发展的世界父母应该让孩子从小就为终身学习做准备。
prepare的名词形式：preparation n. 准备
prepare的形容词形式：preparared adj. 准备好的
preparared [pr pe d] adj. 准备好的
用法：be prepared for 为……做好准备
I'm well prepared for it.【2016浙江】我为此做好了准备。
preparation [prep re n] n. 准备
用法：make preparations (for) （为……）做准备（注意s千万不能被省略）
We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made.【2014天津】我们不会开始这份工作直到所有的准备都做好了。
present [ preznt] adj. 出席的；存在的；现在的 n. 礼物；现在 v.赠送，呈现
But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road.【2014江西阅读】但是新的研究表明：在汉朝皇帝开始在丝绸之路上组织贸易之前，丝绸之路就已经存在了。
Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible.【2013安徽阅读】亚洲政府必须尽可能快的采取措施改善现在的情况。
Teddy brought her a Christmas present too.【2013全国二阅读】Teddy也给她自己买了礼物
the Present and the Future of IPD.【2013江西阅读】IPD的现在和未来。
Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.【2014浙江阅读】大师写的经典作品通过引人入胜的故事和语言来描述他们伟大的思想。
用法：be present at 出席……
Please be present at the science show in person.【2013湖南阅读】请亲自出席科技展。
at present
It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.【2015陕西】
据报道灾区的许多房子现在正在被建。
present sb with sth = present sth. to sb. 给某人某物；向某人呈现某物
They presented the elderly with flowers and fruits.【2014浙江写作】他们给老人花和水果。
present的名词形式：presence [ prezns] 出席；存在；到场
短语：in one’s presence = in the presence of sb 在某人面前，当着某人的面
I asked you not to smoke in my presence.【高考真句】我要求你不要当着我的面抽烟。
presentation [prez n te n] n. 报告；
Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough.【2013全国二七选五】不管报告是什么，公共演说都很难。
preserve [pr z :v] v. 保护，保存；维持，保持
We need to know more about how to preserve parrots.【2014湖北阅读】关于如何保护鹦鹉我们应该了解的更多。
Forbidden city is the largest and best preserved collection of ancient buildings in China.【2014福建阅读】紫禁城是中国最大的也是保存最好的古建筑群。
同义词：conserve v. 保存，保护（等于preserve）
Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species.【2015湖南阅读】自从1950年以来所有的非洲象都被当作一种物种来保护。
易混词：reserve v. 预定；保留，留出；n. 保护区
president [ prez d nt] n. 总统；主席
press [pres] vt. 压，按；敦促，催促；熨平； n. 新闻界；出版社，印刷厂；按，压
The bear held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.【2014北京阅读】那个熊紧紧地抓着三脚架压向我这边。
Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.【2012福建】受到父母的敦促，并且意识到浪费了许多时间，这个小男孩决定停止玩电子游戏。
She gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet.【2015江西阅读】她夹着刚熨平的衣服走向Jessica的衣柜。
The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.【2015浙江】经理非常担心其助手代替其召开的记者招待会，但是幸运的是一切进展顺利。
Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
pressure [ pre ] n.压力；气压
In modern times, people have to learn to live with all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.【2013湖北】在现代社会，尽管人们过着舒适的生活但是他们不得不学会忍受各种各样的压力。
短语：blood pressure 血压；air pressure 气压
同义词：stress n. 压力
pretend [pr tend] v. 假装
用法：pretend to do sth
He would ask who we were and pretend not to know us.【2016浙江改错】他会问我们是谁并假装不认识我们。
pretty [ pret ] adj. 漂亮的，好看的；adv. 很，非常
My mum is pretty considerate.【2014福建】我的妈妈非常体贴
That’s pretty creative.【2016全国二阅读】那是非常有创造力的
prevent [pr vent] vt. 阻止；预防，防止
It is a way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases.【2013广东】它是一种预防树木疾病传播的方式。
用法：prevent … from doing … 阻止……做……
China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked in the South China Sea.【2012福建】中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近海域的控制为了阻止中国渔船在南海受到攻击
同义词：：prevent/keep/stop … from doing … 阻止……做……
preview [ pri vju ] vt. 预习；预演
It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons.【2014江西作文】预习课程使我受益很多。
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through 【2015上海完形】许多百脑汇演出进行彩排和出城预演的目的是什么？
previous [ pri:vi s] adj. 以前的，之前的
What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment 【2014四川阅读】关于Ryan之前的实验我们知道什么？
易混词： precious 宝贵的
price [pra s] n. 价格；代价
The price of oil is lower than before.【2015全国一阅读】石油的价格比之前的价格低了。
Women have to pay a high price for success.【2013福建阅读】女性为了成功不得不付出高的代价。
注意：cost也有“代价”之意
pride [pra d] n. 自豪，骄傲；傲慢；自尊（心）；
My father could hardly contain his pride in me.【2015陕西阅读】爸爸难以抑制他对我的骄傲。
pride and prejudice【2013福建阅读】傲慢与偏见
I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.【2012广东阅读】
有时候我也会不顾我的自尊，向车站里的人们寻求帮助。
短语：take pride in 对……感到自豪 = be proud of
He took pride in having contributed to the world.【2014广东阅读】他为世界做贡献感到自豪。
pride的形容词形式：proud 骄傲的，自豪的
primary [ pra m r ] adj. 首要的，主要的；小学教育的，初级教育的
The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.【2014四川阅读】志愿者的首要职责是帮助那些在学习上有困难的人意识到他们的重要性。
I have been wearing glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.【2013全国一】自从上小学我就开始戴眼镜了并且我非常讨厌他们。
This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.【2014上海阅读】这会让他们
primitive [ pr m t v] adj. 原始的
What can we infer about primitive birds from the text 【2015全国一】从文中我们可以得知原始鸟儿的什么情况？
principle [ pr ns pl] n. 原则；原理
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.【2013江苏阅读】有的时候标准改变了，我们不清楚改用哪个原则。
Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way.【2012浙江阅读】在日常生活中有意识的使用这些原理。
print [pr nt] vt. n.打印，印刷，印
When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily.【2015全国一阅读】当印刷在15世纪被发明的时候，广告的纸张可以被很容易的打印出来。
print的两个名词形式：printer [ pr nt ] n. 打印机；printing [ pr nt ] n. 印刷，印刷术
prison [ pr zn] n. 监狱 prison的另一个名词形式：prisoner [ pr zn ] n. 囚犯
private [ pra v t] adj. 私人的，个人的；私立的；不为公众所认识的
Refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.【2012浙江阅读】在你的个人生活或工作生活中拒绝接受如此多的工作任务
Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students.【2013广东阅读】私立大学、公立大学以及公司都加入了网络教育领域，花费数百万美元吸引潜在的学生。
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world.【2015福建阅读】Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis是世界上最不为公众所认识的女性之一。
private 的名词形式：privacy [ pra v si] 隐私；清静，独处
Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment.【2014北京阅读】选择一个清静的、对环境和他人影响小的野营地。
They can no longer have their privacy protected.【2013北京阅读】他们不再使他们的隐私受到保护。
privilege [ pr v l d ] n. 特权；荣幸
Larry had some privileges.【2014江西阅读】Larry 有一些特权。
privilege的形容词形式：privileged 有特权的；荣幸的
prize [pra z] n. 奖赏,奖品
I won a national prize for painting last week.【2013全国一改错】
辨析：reward, award, prize
三者的含义基本相同，但在不同语境中表达的含义有所差别。
reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：
The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.
因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。
prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，其意与award相近，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：
Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.
参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。
probably [ pr b bl ] adv. 很可能,大概
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【2014全国一】马铃薯进入欧洲的确切日子并不清楚，但是很可能在1565年左右
probably的形容词形式：probable 可能的
problem [ pr bl m] n. 问题，难题
Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is.【2015湖南】在问题被解决之前必须要清楚问题本身是什么。
procedure [pr si d ] n. 程序，步骤
Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery. 【2013江西阅读】根据画廊的决定额外的安全措施和检查将会被采用。
process [ pr ses] n. 过程，进程v. 加工，处理
This process was repeated time and again.【2015安徽阅读】这个过程被反复重复。
Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.【2012安徽】Carl正在大学学习食品科学，他希望将来有一天可以建立一个自己的肉类加工厂。
progress [ pr ses] n. 进步，进展 v 进步，进展，
Much more progress will be made in the near future.【2016四川阅读】在不久的将来我们将会取得巨大进步。
The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.【2012湖北阅读】感染进展到艾滋的早期阶段
短语：make progress 取得进步/进展；
Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my study.【2015全国二改错】由于她的帮助我在学习上获得了很大的进步。
produce [pr dju s] vt. 制造，生产；产生；出产
It produced the best typewriter in the world.【2015安徽阅读】它制造出世界上最好的打印机。
Childhood experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups.【2012四川阅读】
孩童时代的经历会对成人产生深远的影响。
Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.【2013全国一阅读】在1996年，由夏威夷出产的Del Monte Gold菠萝进入了我们的货架。
produce的名词形式：production; product
produce的形容词形式：productive
production [pr d k n] n. 制造，生产；产量
Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk.【2015全国一阅读】大公司使生产更加便宜的牛奶成为可能。
GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any crop.【2015陕西阅读】
转基因技术实际上并没有增加任何庄稼产量的潜力。
product [ pr d kt] n. 产品
Your product sounds like the right choice for me.【2013广东阅读】对我而言，你的产品听上去是一个正确的选择。
productive [pr d kt v] adj. 多产的，富有成效的
Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.【2013江苏任务型读写】团队工作是必要的，并且它通常比单独工作有成效。
professional [pr fe nl] adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人士；职业选手
He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.【2014广东阅读】他比专业钢琴家弹得要好。
Now I feel more positive about my professional future.【2014四川完形】现在我对我职业的未来更加乐观。
It’s vital to believe in IT professionals.【2013湖北阅读】相信IT的专业人士是非常重要的。
professional作形容词时的名词形式: profession
profession [pr fe n] n.（需要有专业教育或训练的）职业
Peterson will change her profession next year.【2012山东阅读】Peterson明年将换职业。
professor [pr fes ] n. 教授
profit [ pr f t] n.利润；利益，好处；v. 有利于，对……有好处
Famous companies care more about profit than quality.【2015浙江阅读】著名的公司更加注重利润而不是质量。
Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit.【2013四川阅读】你卖这些无用的东西的欺骗行为只是为了获得巨大的好处。
Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.【2012天津阅读】拼写使单词转换为思想受益。
短语：profit from 从……获利
He would be thought of only as one who profited from the death and destruction.【2014广东完形】他将被认为是唯一一个从死亡和破坏中获益的人。
profit的形容词形式：profitable [ prɑ:f t bl] adj. 有利润的
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business. 2015陕西阅读 咖啡豆的生产是一个大的、有利润的事情。
programme(美program) [ pr gr m] n. 计划，方案；节目；课程；计算机程序
Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.【2015山东】到目前为止该项目已经拯救了成千上万名否则会死的儿童。
Before starting their programme, students are expected to take a language test.【2016天津阅读】在开始他们的课程之前，学生们被要求参加语言测试。
For years I have been hosting a program on the radio and writing articles for a magazine.【2015重庆完形】多年来我一直在电台主持节目，并且为杂志写文章。
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.【2013辽宁完形】我们也知道bug就是指计算机程序或其它设计的漏洞。
prohibit [pr h b t] v. 禁止,阻止
Smoking is prohibited.【2015江苏阅读】禁止吸烟
用法：prohibit sth/sb (from doing sth)禁止某事物或某人做某事
同义词：ban禁止； forbid禁止
用法：ban/forbid sb/sth from doing sth禁止某事物或某人做某事
forbid sb to do sth禁止某事物或某人做某事
project [ pr d ekt] n.项目；计划；课题；工程；
Project managers evaluate the performance of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.【2016上海完形】项目经理评价每个成员为项目做了哪些事情的表现而不是他们所花费的时间。
Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.【2012山东阅读】参与该计划的儿童在阅读方面都展示了明显的进步。
In the Central Valley area, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, 【2015安徽阅读】在Central Valley地区，一个大型的水利工程将给干旱的峡谷提供灌溉用水。
I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet.【2015陕西】我不得不完成关于互联网历史的课题。
promise [ pr m s] v. 保证，答应；预示……可能会发生；n. 保证，承诺；
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.【2014辽宁】我的父母保证在我去非洲之前来看我。
Reading early may promise later achievements.【2012上海阅读】过早的阅读可能预示着以后会有所成就。
短语：keep/break a promise 遵守/违背诺言；
For six years now Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison.【2012浙江阅读】六年来Bonner一直遵守着远离监狱的诺言。
make a promise 许下诺言
I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.【2012浙江】我向自己许下诺言：今年，高中的第一年将会不一样。
promise的形容词形式：promising [ pr m s ] adj. 有前途的，有希望的
promising drugs will soon stop AIDS.【2012湖北阅读】有希望的药物将会阻止艾滋
promote [pr m t] v. 推动，促进；提拔；促销，推销
Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote the trading and selling of goods.【2015全国一阅读】有史以来，广告一直是促进商品买卖的有效方式。
I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention being promoted when we talked on the phone.【2013江西】我听说他们提拔了Tom, 但在电话上Tom并没有提及此事。
Merchants were employed to promote products.【2015全国一阅读】商人被雇佣去推销产品。
promote的名词形式：promotion [pr m n] n. 推动，促进；提拔；促销，推销
pronounce [pr na ns] vt. 发音
pronunciation [pr n ns e n] n. 发音
proper [ pr p ] adj.合适的，适当的
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.【2015浙江】实验表明如果定期做适当的训练的话，我们能够改善我们的健康。
proper的副词形式：properly adv. 适当地，正确地
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.【2013全国二阅读】只有增加一半的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到适当地治疗
protect [pr tekt] vt. 保护
用法：protect sb/sth (against/from sth) 保护……免受……
It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.【2013上海】研究表明在儿童时代多吃蔬菜有助于在以后的生活中预防严重疾病
These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and nighttime cold.【2012辽宁阅读】
这些云可以保护森林免受白天的热量以及夜晚的寒冷所带来的伤害。
protect的名词形式：protection [pr tek ( )n] n. 保护
protest [ pr test]
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro.【2014江西阅读】作为一个担忧的父母，我写信是为了反对你们为Electro所做的广告。
prove [pru v] vt. 证明，证实；证明是
I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.【2014辽宁阅读】我不相信你的话，但是如果你能证实的话你也许可以让我信服。
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with.【2015北京阅读】铅中毒被证明是很难处理的。
prove的名词形式：proof [pru:f] n. 证明，证据
provide [pr va d] vt. 提供
用法：provide sb with sth; provide sth for sb提供某人某物
In those days, our primary concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and health care.【2013湖北】在那些日子里，我们首要的目标就是给那些被暴风雨阻挡的人提供食物和医疗。
Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students in need of financial aid.【2013天津】许多中国大学给那些需要资金援助的学生提供奖学金。
短语:provide for 供养，抚养
Jane insists that she needs her new, busy life to provide for her family.【2015四川阅读】
Jane坚持说她需要新的繁忙的中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考单词P（原卷版）
目录
高考单词P 1
高考核心词汇与练习---P 53
potential [p ten ( )l] a. 潜在的，可能的 n. 潜力，潜能
【助记】海神波塞冬Poseidon，能制造海啸和地震，所以pos-=pot-表示“能力”。
【真句】Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.【2023新高考1卷】尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，许多问题仍然存在，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的。
【真句】“What’s new,” Johnson wrote, “is that millions of dollars are now potentially available to quantum computing researchers.”【2022北京卷】“新的是，”约翰逊写道，“现在量子计算研究人员可能有数百万美元。”
【真句】 It was that voice in the back of my head telling me that one phrase that has stopped so many people from reaching their potential: I can’t. 【2022北京卷】我脑海中有一个声音告诉我，那句话阻止了很多人发挥他们的潜力：我做不到。
【真句】... the technology has the potential to change our transportation systems and our cities【2018年北京】这个技术有可能改变我们的运输系统和我们的城市
【拓展】possibility [p s b l t ] vn. 可能，可能性
possible [ p s b( )l] a. 可能的
【真句】Solar developers want to put up panels as quickly and cheaply as possible, so they haven’t given much thought to what they put under them.【2023.1浙江卷】太阳能开发商希望尽快和尽可能便宜地安装电池板，所以他们没有过多考虑。
【真句】My perfectionist tendencies were the main root of this: I wanted to be perfect at whatever I did, which obviously in life is not possible, but it consumed me.【2022北京卷】我的完美主义倾向是这一切的主要根源：我想在我做的任何事情上都做到完美，这显然在生活中是不可能的，但它消耗了我。
impossible [ m p s b( )l] a. 不可能的
【真句】I joined a pre-presentation dinner with him and that smaller setting allowed me to slowly build up my courage to speak one-on-one with him—an idea that had seemed completely impossible.【2022北京卷】我和他一起参加了演讲前晚宴，较小的环境让我慢慢鼓起勇气与他一对一交谈——一个似乎完全不可能的想法。
【真句】This work expanded my mind in ways that are impossible inside the four walls of a classroom. 【2022年6月浙江卷】这项工作拓展了我的思维，这在教室的四壁内是不可能做到的。
possibly v ad. 可能地，也许
【真句】With the current footprint of humanity, "it seems that global collapse is certain to happen in some form, possibly within a decade, certainly within this century, " Johnson said in an email.【2022北京卷】约翰逊在一封电子邮件中说，鉴于目前人类的足迹，“全球崩溃似乎肯定会以某种形式发生，可能在十年内，当然肯定是在本世纪内。”
precious [ pre s] a. 宝贵的, 珍贵的
【真句】This medal was very precious to my parents.【2019浙江】 这枚奖章对我父母来说非常珍贵。
pack [p k] n. 包,捆;（猎犬、野兽的）一群 v.(为运输或储存而)打包
【助记】和back（后面，后背）相互模仿，体现了b和p的通假关系。
【真句】Sherman Cymru is excited to present a packed programme of the very best theatre, dance, family shows and music from Wales and the rest of the world.【2022全国甲卷】谢尔曼·西姆鲁很兴奋地主持了来自威尔士和世界其他地区最好的戏剧、舞蹈、家庭表演和音乐的众多节目。
【真句】We were first greeted with the barking by a pack of dogs...【2019年全国】我们第一次受到一群狗的吠叫的欢迎
【拓展】package [ p k d ] n. （尤指包装好或密封的容器）一包，一袋，一盒 （-et表示“小”）
pace [pe s] n. 步伐，节奏；v. （因为紧张）踱步
【真句】Art is everywhere. Any public space has been carefully designed by an artistic mind to be both functional and beautiful. 【2021年6月天津卷】艺术无处不在。任何公共空间都经过艺术头脑的精心设计，既实用又美观。
【真句】According to most calculations, race walkers moving at a pace of six miles per hour would burn about 800 calories（卡路里） per hour...【2022全国1卷】根据大多数计算，赛跑者以每小时6英里的速度运动，每小时会消耗大约800卡路里...
【真句】Study and write at your own pace, as you have a year to go through the project.【2014湖南阅读】以你自己的节奏去学习和写作，因为你有一年的时间去经历这个项目。
短语：keep pace with 与……并驾齐驱，与……步伐一致
【真句】I didn’t have the ability to keep pace with the others on the team and they would tease me.【2015北京完形】我不能和队里的其他成员步伐一致，并且他们会嘲笑我。
pack [p k] v. 打包 n. 包，包裹；一群（动物），一伙（人）
【真句】Pack a bag, cut a cake, guess which juice container holds the most liquid, and much more.【2021年6月新高考二卷】打包一个袋子，切一块蛋糕，猜猜哪个果汁容器装的液体最多，等等。
【真句】Howling is a behavior commonly observed among a wolf pack.【2015湖北阅读】嚎叫是一种在狼群中很常见的行为。
【真句】In Manhattan, which has the highest tax in the nation, a pack of Marlboro Light Kings cost $10.06 at one drugstore Wednesday.【2014山东阅读】在美国税收最高的城市曼哈顿，七天药店里面一包万宝路的香烟售价为10.06美元。
pack作动词时的名词形式：package
particular [p t kj l (r)] a. 特殊的，个别的
【真句】You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances.【2023全国1卷】你可以把这些实践看作是一个工具箱，旨在帮助你努力建立一个极简主义的生活方式，以代表你的特殊环境。
【真句】Even if this method of timekeeping is novel in its particulars, early agricultural societies also connected time to natural phenomena. 【2021北京卷】即使这种计时的方法在其细节上是新颖的，早期的农业社会也将时间与自然现象联系起来。
【真句】The students feel that they belong to a particular group. 【2019浙江】 学生们觉得自己属于一个特定的群体。
package [ p k d ] n. 包，盒；包裹
【真句】This is the Tiny Forest movement, which aims to prove that the best things in life really do come in small packages. 【2022.6浙江卷】这就是“小森林运动”，旨在证明生活中最好的东西确实是小包装的。
【真句】As part of the package, initial and follow-up training sessions are provided and accommodation is available if required.【2021.3天津卷】作为一揽子计划的一部分，提供了初步和后续的培训课程，如有需要，可提供住宿。
【真句】Anxiously, she took the dress out of the package and tried it on, only to find it didn’t fit.【2014天津阅读】她匆忙地将衣服从包里拿出来并试穿，结果却发现不合适。
【真句】Returning to his office the next day, he found a package on his desk.【2013江苏阅读】第二天回到办公室的时候他发现桌子上有一个包裹。
paddle [ p dl] n. 桨状物
page [pe d ] n. 页，页码
【真句】More recently, as books have become inexpensive or even throwaway, artists have used them as the raw material for artworks — transforming covers, pages or even complete volumes into paintings and sculptures. 【2023新高考2卷】最近，随着书籍变得便宜甚至一次性，艺术家们把它们作为艺术品的原材料——把封面、页数甚至完整的书转换成绘画和雕塑。
pain [pe n] n. 疼痛，痛苦
Cruel lies can cause pain.【2016浙江阅读】残酷的谎言会带来痛苦。
pain的形容词形式：painful adj. 疼痛的，痛苦的
【真句】A trial project by the Montreal Children's Hospital suggested that the use of medical hypnosis （催眠）can reduce pain and anxiety in patients.【2021.3天津卷】蒙特利尔儿童医院的一项试验项目表明，使用药物催眠（催眠）可以减少患者的疼痛和焦虑。
【真句】Spending too long at computers results in painful wrists and fingers.【2015江西阅读】在电脑前太长时间会使关节和手指非常疼痛。
promote [pr m t] v.促进,推动,促销,晋升
【助记】promote 的原义是“往更具发展的空间或方向移动”，也就是说，“促进”某种情况或者某件事情的发展。在职场或军队中，把员工往更有发展的方向移动的话，就是“提升，晋升”。如果要促进某商品的销售，需要“促销”。
【真句】Markman also promotes off-task time. 【2022.6浙江卷】马克曼还提倡安排下班时间。
【真句】...so part of Mouton’s job these days is trying to promote fur.【2020全国】因此，穆顿这几天的部分工作是推广皮毛。
painstaking adj. [ pe nzte k ]
【真句】Her practice would be slow, painstaking and error-focused.【2014上海阅读】她的练习很慢、很辛苦的并且以错误为中心。
paint [pe nt] v. 绘画，绘；描绘，描写；涂，搽 n. 油漆；paints颜料
【真句】Art students painted the name of the shop on the wall.【2015全国一阅读】艺术生把商店的名字涂在墙上。
【真句】It’s hard to decide if you want to be a painter if you’ve never painted any picture.【2014四川阅读】如果你没有画过画那么很难断定你是否或成为画家。
【真句】Indeed, a rosy picture is painted for the long-term future of the holiday industry.【2013江西阅读】的确，已经为旅游业的长远未来描绘出一幅美好的画面。
【真句】She is allergic to paint smell.【2012湖北】她对油漆味道很敏感。
paint做动词的两个名词形式：painter[ pe nt ] 油漆工；画家，painting [ pe nt ] n. 绘画
physical ['f z kl] adj. 物质的；身体的；体力的；物理的；
【真句】Like running, race walking is physically demanding...【2020全国】就像跑步一样，跑步对身体要求很高。
pair [pe ] n. 一双，一对
palace [ p l s] n. 宫殿
pale [pe l] adj. 苍白的
【真句】My classmates ranged from those kids with pale skin and large blue eyes to those with rich brown skin and dark hair.【2022年6月浙江卷】我的同学们有的肤色白皙，有一双大蓝眼睛，有的肤色深褐色，头发乌黑。
【真句】His face went so pale that even his lips lost their color.【2012福建阅读】他的脸色如此苍白以至于他的嘴唇失去了颜色。
pan [p n] n. 平底锅
pancake [ p nke k] n. 薄煎饼
panda [ p nd ] n. 熊猫
panic [ p n k] n. 恐慌 v. （使）恐慌
【真句】As the bees came closer, his panic increased.【2015江西阅读】当蜜蜂靠近的时候，他的恐慌增加了。
【真句】When you are in a tight situation, don’t panic.【2015江西阅读】当你处于紧急情况的时候不要害怕。
panic的两个形容词形式：panicked [ p n kt] adj. 害怕的；panicking [ p n k ]adj. 令人害怕的
paper [ pe p ] n. 纸；报纸
paperwork [ pe p w k] n. 日常文书工作
paragraph [ p r gr f] n. （文章的）段落
parallel [ p r lel] n. 联系，相似（之处）；adj. 平行的
【真句】When you put them down between bites, always put them down together so they are parallel with the edge of the table in front of you.【2022年全国甲卷】当你把它们放在两口之间时，一定要把它们放一起，使它们与你面前的桌子边缘平行。
【真句】I had never before seen the parallels between Scarface and Macbeth, nor had I heard Lady Macbeth’s soliloquies (独白) read as raps.【2012江苏阅读】我从来没有看到Scarface和Macbeth之间的联系，也从没听到Macbeth的独白被读成说唱。
parcel [ pɑ sl] n. 包裹
pardon [ pɑ dn] n. 请重复一遍；对不起，请原谅
parent [ pe r nt] n. 父(母)，双亲
Paris [ p r s] n. 巴黎
park [pɑ:k] n. 公园；vt. 停放(汽车)
【真句】I parked my car half a mile away and read my book in sweet silence.【2013天津阅读】我把车停在半英里之外的地方，然后安安静静地读我的书。
park作动词时的名词形式：parking n. 停车
parking lot 停车场
parrot [ p r t] n. 鹦鹉
part [pɑ t] n. 部分；角色 v. （使）分开，（使）分离
【真句】We went through two caves, an extremely unusual part of the journey.【2014全国一阅读】我们穿过了两个洞穴，这是我们旅行中的非同寻常的一部分。
【真句】Even today, oxen still play a special part in some folk activities.【2014安徽阅读】牛甚至在今天的一些民间活动中扮演重要角色。
【真句】we parted with each other in London.【2013北京阅读】我们在伦敦分开了。
短语：take part in 参加 （含有参加之意的单词还有participate）
【真句】Finally, we should take part in sports and outdoors activities frequently.【2014江西阅读】最后，我们经常参加体育和户外运动。
play a part参与，起作用
【真句】No matter how ordinary a job is, it plays a part in society and therefore deserves our due respect. 【2013广东阅读】不管这份工作多么普通，它在社会中都起作用并且值得我们尊重。
on sb’s part = on the part of sb 某人所做的，就某人而言
【真句】Changing this situation requires considerable effort on the part of everyone.【2013安徽作文】改变这一情况需要我们每个人的巨大努力。
in part 部分地，在某种程度上
【真句】Whether a person receives help depends in part on the "worth" of the case.【2012上海完形】一个人是否能收到别人的帮助部分取决于这一事情的价值。
part time job 兼职工作
【真句】They encouraged their twin sons to do part-time jobs.【2015山东阅读】他们鼓励他们的双胞胎儿子做兼职工作。
partly[ pɑ tl ] adv. 部分地,在一定程度上
【真句】Beijing’s skiing craze is partly a result of the recent increase in private cars. [阅读]2015全国二
北京滑雪热的部分原因是因为最近私家车的增加。
participate [pɑ t s pe t] vi 参加
短语：participate in 参与，参加
【真句】Last spring, I was fortunate to be chosen to participate in an exchange study program.【2013浙江完形】去年春天，我有幸被选拔参加一个交流生项目。
participate的两个名词形式：participation [pɑ: t s pe n] n.参与，参加 participant [pɑ: t s p nt] n. 参与者
particular [p t kj l ] adj. 特殊的，特别的；特定的；n. 细节，详情
【真句】Students should be able to extend the logic（逻辑）of each to their particular circumstance.【2019年全国3】学生应该能够根据自己的具体情况扩展他们的逻辑。
【真句】Choose a role on the team that is best suited to your particular strengths.【2013江苏任务型读写】
在团队中选择适合你特定优势的角色
【真句】This requirement to provide personal particulars is a clear indication that writers are held responsible for what they say.【2014江西阅读】提供个人细节这一要求清楚表明作者一定要对他们说的话负责任。
短语：in particular尤其，特别
【真句】Are you looking for anything in particular today 【2015全国二】你今天是在找什么特别的东西吗？
be particular about= be hard/tough on 对……挑剔/苛刻
【真句】Tony was very particular about toys.【2015辽宁完形】托尼对玩具很挑剔。
partner [ pɑ tn ] n. 搭档，伙伴
part-time [pɑ t -ta m] adj. 兼职的
【真句】He was offered a part -time job.【2013江西阅读】他被提供了一个兼职工作。
party [ pɑ t ] n. 聚会；一组，一队，一群
【真句】It's the best way to get rid of your used clothes, score clothes from your friends, and have a party all at the same time.【2021年6月全国甲卷】这是摆脱旧衣服、从朋友那里得到衣服、同时举办派对的最佳方式。
【真句】And when parties are from different cultures, there’s a strong possibility of misunderstanding.【2012全国一完形】当一群人来自不同文化的时候，误解很有可能会发生。
pass [p s] vt. 经过；通过；传递；（时间）流逝，度过（时间）；
【真句】If a basketball star is, for example, trying to gain a high personal point total, he may take a shot himself when it would be better to pass the ball to a teammate, affecting the team's performance. 【2019年北京卷】例如，如果一个篮球明星试图获得高分，他可能会在把球传给队友更好的时候自己投篮，从而影响球队的表现。
【真句】I must first try my best to pass the college entrance examination.【2015四川写作】我必须努力通过入学考试。
【真句】She looked at me meaningfully and passed a box in through the window.【2015上海词汇与语法】她意味深长地看了看我，并且通过窗户递给我一个盒子。
【真句】Now many years have passed since Brownie died of old age.【2015全国二阅读】自从Brownie老死已经过去很多年了。
短语：pass by 经过；（时间）流逝
【真句】The minutes passed by.【2016北京完形】几分钟过去了。
【真句】I passed by a girl who dropped her books out of her locker.【2015湖南完形】我经过了一位被书从柜子里拿出来的小女孩。
pass away 去世
【真句】I miss him since he’s passed away.【2014浙江阅读】自从他去世后我一直想念他。
pass on 传给；传染
【真句】This higher cost of using “green energy” is usually passed onto the consumer.【2013全国一阅读】使用清洁能源的费用通常被传给消费者。
【真句】The disease passed on to humans by female mosquitoes.【2012广东阅读】该疾病通过母蚊子传染。
pass down 把某事物传给后人
【真句】She wants to be a gymnastics coach to pass down what she’s learned to other kids.【2013北京完形】 她说他想成为一名健身教练以把她所学的东西传给别的孩子。
passage [ p s d ] n. (文章等的）一节，一段；通道，走廊
【真句】What could be the best title for the passage 【2016天津阅读】这篇文章的最佳标题是什么？
【真句】From that point Shackleton wanted to force a passage by dog sled across the continent.【2016全国二阅读】在那个时候Shackleton想通过狗的雪橇创立一个通道。
passenger [ p s nd ] n. 乘客，旅客
passer-by ['pɑ:s -ba ] n. 过客，过路人
注意passer-by的复数形式为passers-by
passive [ p s v] adj. 被动的，消极的
【真句】passive learning has a serious problem.【2013天津阅读】被动学习有很严重的问题。
passport [ pɑ sp t] n. 护照
past [p st] adj. 过去的 n. 过去（的时间）adv. 在……之后；经过
patent [ pe tnt] n. 专利
【真句】The concept dates back to 1623 when the first patent law to protect IP sights was passed.【2013江西阅读】这个概念可以追溯到1623年，当时通过了第一部保护IP sights的法律。
path [p θ] n. 小道，小径
patient [ pe nt] adj. 有耐心的 n. 病人
【真句】The technologist will guide the patient to this modified state—an imaginary world that will disassociate itself more and more from the procedure that follows.【2021.3天津卷】技术人员将引导患者进入这种改变的状态——一个想象的世界，它将越来越多地与随后的手术分离。
【真句】After all, the doctor-patient relationship is based on trust, and therefore honesty is essential.【2015湖北阅读】毕竟，医生和患者之间的关系是基于信任的，因此诚实是根本的。
用法：be patient with对……有耐心
【真句】His father was not patient with him.【2015广东阅读】他的爸爸对他没有耐心。
patient作形容词时的名词形式：patience n. 耐心
【真句】Patience is important to drivers.【2012全国一阅读】耐心对驾驶员而言非常重要。
pattern [ p tn] n. 模式，方式；图案，花样
【真句】Many believe the same pattern could be followed in the air. 【2020.5天津】许多人相信同样的模式也可以在空气中遵循。
【真句】What is the key to breaking the old patterns 【2015福建阅读】打破旧模式的关键是什么？
【真句】Some people may think that a garden is no more than plants, flowers, patterns and masses of color. 【2016全国卷二七选五】 一些人可能认为花园只不过是植物、花朵和各种颜色的图案而已。
pause [p z] n. v. 暂停，停顿
【真句】After a pause, I opened the box.【2015上海语法与词汇】暂停一段时间后，我打开了盒子。
pay [pe ] v.支付， n.工资
【真句】After high school, Jennifer attended a local technical college, working to pay her tuition (学费), because there was no extra money set aside for a college education.【2020年新高考全国Ⅰ卷(山东卷）】高中毕业后，詹妮弗就读于当地的一所技术学院，为支付学费而工作, 因为没有多余的钱用于大学教育。
【真句】Life quality is more important than pay.【2015上海】【生活质量比工资更重要。
短语：pay for sth 支付……
【真句】The old man asked him how much he should pay for the service.【2013山东阅读】那个老人问他应该为这项服务付多少钱。
pay back 偿还（钱款）；
【真句】You have to pay back with interest within 56 days.【2013福建阅读】你必须在56天内偿还本金和利息。
pay off 还清债务；得到回报；付清工资解雇
【真句】He managed to pay off Sparrow’s debts.【2013山东阅读】他成功还清了Sparrow餐厅的债务。
【真句】This work is starting to pay off.【2016北京阅读】这项工作的付出开始得到回报。
—Dad, I don’t think Oliver is the right sort of person for the job.【2014江苏】
—I see. I’ll go right away and pay him off. 我认为Oliver不适合这项工作；我明白了，我立刻去解雇他。
pea [pi ]n. 豌豆
peace [pi s] n. 和平；安静
【真句】He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first-name basis if he wants to have a little interaction（交流）.【2019全国2.】他喜欢坐着安静地检查手机，或者与他直呼其名的酒保聊天，如果他想与他进行一些互动的话
【真句】Only when you can find peace in your heart will you keep good relationships with others.【2014湖南 】只有当你发现内心平静的时候你才会与他人保持良好关系。
【真句】Addams helped the poor and worked for peace.【2016全国一阅读】Addams帮助穷人并为了世界和平而奋斗。
peace的形容词形式：peaceful [ pi sf l] adj. 和平的,安静的
peach [pi t ] n. 桃子
pear [pe ]n. 梨子，
peasant [ pez nt]n. 农民
pedestrian [p destr n] n. 步行者，行人
pen [pen] n. 钢笔，笔
pencil [ pens( )l]n. 铅笔
pencil-box [ pensl -b ks]n. 铅笔盒
pen-friend [pen- friend] n. 笔友
penny [ pen ] n. （英）便士；美分
penny的形容词形式：penniless [ penil s] 身无分文的
【真句】His strong-minded grandfather was nearly penniless.【2014福建完形】
pension [ pen n] n. 养老金
【真句】I decided that I would need to have some kind of extra work to make up for my disability pension.【2015浙江完形】我决定需要做一些额外的工作去弥补我的残疾抚恤金。
people [ pi p( )l] n. 人，人们；人民
pepper [ pep ] n. 胡椒粉
per [p ] prep. 每，每一
percent [p sent] n. 百分之……
percentage [p sent d ] n. 百分率
perfect [ p :f kt] adj. 完美的，极好的
【真句】Dinner time seemed perfect for sharing what we had learned.【2015福建阅读】晚饭时间似乎是分享我们所学的完美时间。
perform [p f m] v. 表演，演奏；表现；履行，做；
【真句】When will Charlotte Stone perform her songs 【2016全国二阅读】Charlotte Stone什么时候演奏他的歌曲。
【真句】Vacations help us perform better at work and improve our sleep quality.【2014湖南阅读】度假帮助我们在工作上表现的更好并且改善我们的睡眠。
【真句】While waiting for the opportunity to get promoted, Henry did his best to perform his duty.【2014安徽阅读】在等待晋升期间，亨利努力履行他的职责。
【真句】He attended special training to perform difficult tasks.【2014广东阅读】他参加特殊培训去做一些艰难的任务。
perform的两个名词形式：performance [p f :m ns] 表演；表现；履行，做 performer [p f m ]表演者，演奏者
perfume [ p fju m] n. 香水
perhaps [p h ps] adv. 可能，或
period [ p r d] n. 时期
【真句】Now college years are becoming an extended period of adolescence.【2016北京阅读】现在的大学时期已经变成了青少年的延伸期。
permanent [ p m n nt] adj. 永久的
【真句】For the biggest stadiums in the world, we have used data supplied by the World Atlas list so far, which ranks them by their stated permanent capacity, as well as updated information from official stadium websites.【2021年6月全国乙卷】对于世界上最大的体育场，我们使用了迄今为止世界地图集列表提供的数据，该列表根据其声明的永久容量对其进行排名，以及来自官方体育场网站的最新信息。
【真句】After graduation from university, I had been unable to secure a permanent job in my small town.【2014上海语法词汇】在从大学毕业之后我不能在我的小镇上找到一份永久的工作。
反义词: temporary adj. 暂时的
【真句】Natalie’s school was so damaged that she had to temporarily attend a school in Brooklyn.【2016北京阅读】Natalie的学校被破坏的如此严重以至于她不得不暂时去Brooklyn的一所学校去上学。
permit [p m t] v. 允许；使……成为可能
【真句】The headmaster will not permit the change in the course, nor will he even give it a thought.【2012重庆】校长将不允许课程发生变化，他甚至都不考虑。
【真句】No pets except fish are permitted in student rooms.【2015天津阅读】学生房间里不允许除鱼以外的其它宠物存在。
permit sb to do sth允许某人做某事，使某人做某事成为可能
【真句】Instead, the aim is to permit us to make informed choices as to how we use our time.【2013江苏阅读】其目标是让我们能够做出有根据的选择关于如何使用我们的时间。
permit作动词时的名词形式：permission [p m n] n. 允许
person [ p sn] n. 人
【真句】He's going to talk about how you can find the right person to produce your music.【2016全国二阅读】 他将谈论你怎样可以找到合适的人去制作音乐。
短语：in person 亲自
【真句】Maybe we could go and visit everyone in person.【2016北京完形】也许我们可以亲自拜访每一个人。
person的形容词形式：personal [ p s n l] adj. 个人的
【真句】You don’t have a personal plan for growth.【2016江苏完形】你并没有个人的成长计划。
person的副词形式：personally [ p s n li] adv. 就个人而言；亲自
【真句】They gave money to the old people's home either personally or through their companies.【2015安徽】他们会亲自或者通过公司将钱捐给老人。
注意：person是可数名词；people意为“人”是集合名词，做主语时谓语动词用复数；但是意为“民族”是可数名词。
personality [ p :s n l ti] n. 个性
【真句】She found that personality had a major impact on learning.【2014湖北阅读】她发现个性对学习有很大的影响。
【真句】 That includes huge savings in maintenance costs and better protection of railway personnel safety. 【2022年6月全国乙卷】这包括大幅节省维护成本和更好地保护铁路人员安全。
personnel [p s nel] n. 全体人员，职员（复数名词）
【真句】I received a letter from the head of the Personnel Department.【2015全国二阅读】我收到了一封来自人事部领导的一封信。
同义词：staff n. 职员 employee n. 雇员
persuade [p swe d] vt. 说服
persuade sb to do sth 说服某人做某事
【真句】Karen persuaded him to see the doctor.【2012湖北阅读】Karen说服他去看医生。
persuade sb into doing sth 说服某人做某人
【真句】I managed to persuade my classmates into accepting my idea.【2015浙江作文】我成功说服我的同学接受我的想法。
同义词：convince sb to do sth；talk sb into doing sth说服某人做某事
persuade的名词形式：persuasion [p swe n] 说服
pest [pest] n. 害虫
pet [pet] n. 宠物
petrol [ petrl] n. 石油
phenomenon [f n m n n] n. 现象 其复数形式为phenomena
【真句】In the past, sound engineers worked in the back rooms of recording studios, but many of today's sound professionals are sharing their knowledge and experience with professionals in other fields to create new products based on the phenomenon we call sound.【2020.7天津】过去，录音师都是在录音棚的后室工作，但现在很多录音专业人士都在与其他领域的专业人士分享他们的知识和经验，根据我们称之为声音的现象创造新的产品。
【真句】This phenomenon is neither good nor bad.【2015北京阅读】这种现象既不好也不坏。
phone [f n] v. 打电话 n. 电话
phone-booth [f n-bu ] n. 公用电话间
photo [ f t ] n. 照片
photograph [ f t ɡrɑ f] n. 照片
photographer [f t ɡr f ] n. 摄影师
phrase [fre z] n. 短语
physical [ f z kl] adj. 身体的；物理的
【真句】Spiritual forces are more important than physical ones.【2015天津阅读】精神力量比身体力量更重要。
【真句】Some psychologists suggest that young children learn about more than just the physical world in this way.【2016浙江阅读】一些心理学家表明儿童不仅仅用这种方式去了解物理世界。
physician [f z n] n. 医生
physicist [ f z s st] n. 物理学家
physics [ f z ks] n. 物理（学）
piano[p n ] n. 钢琴 其另一个名词形式：pianist [ f z ks] n. 钢琴家
pick [p k] v. 挑选；采摘（花、果等）n. 挑选，选择
【真句】Once the book you've requested is delivered to the nearest branch, they will inform you by e-mail, so you can pick it up.【2020.7天津】一旦你要求的书被送到最近的分行，他们会通过电子邮件通知你，这样你就可以去拿了。
【真句】When Glen Kruger picked a small cat from an animal shelter, he did not expect much.【2012辽宁完形]】当Glen Kruger从动物收留所挑选一只小猫的时候，他并没有什么期待。
【真句】A device like this could also be used to identify fruits that are perfectly ripe and ready to pick and eat, 【2014浙江阅读】一个像这样的装置可以被用来识别那些非常成熟和等待被采摘吃的水果。
picnic [ p kn k] n. 野餐
picture [ p kt ] n.画，图画；照片；印象；描述v. 想像，设想
Entering the house，he stopped before a picture of Steve and me.【2014重庆完形】进入房间，他停在我和史蒂夫的合照面前。
If I close my eyes, I can still have a clear picture in mind of my first home.【2013四川阅读】如果我闭上眼睛，我对第一个家仍然有清晰的印象。
Fourteen buildings in the village give a full picture of everyday life in the nineteenth-century Midwest. 【2013全国二阅读】村里的14栋建筑完全描述了19世纪中西部的日常生活。
I began to picture the rest of the day in the field, without food or drink.【2015湖南完形】我开始想像没有食物和水的剩余的日子
pie [pa ] n. 馅饼
piece [pa ] n. 一块（片，张，件…）
pig [pa ] n. 猪
pile [pa ] n. 堆 v. 堆放
They try to finish off their plate piled with food.【2015湖南阅读】他们努力吃完堆满碟子的食物
短语：a pile of一堆
When she got home, there was a pile of mail waiting for her.【2013辽宁】当她到家的时候，家里有一堆邮件等着她。
pile up 堆积
The person who decides the layout of your local supermarket—including how the oranges are piled up—is a choice architect.【2014上海阅读】决定超市布局——包括橘子该如何堆积——的人就是选择建筑师。
pill [p l] n. 药丸， 近义词：tablet n. 药片
pillow [p l] n. 枕头
pilot [ pa l t] n. 飞行员；v. 驾驶（飞机或宇宙飞船）
As we were about to arrive, the pilot announced with apology that there would be a slight delay before setting down.【2015四川完形】当我们即将起飞的时候飞行员带着歉意宣布在降落前会有延迟。
The father decided to pilot the plane himself.【2012全国一】爸爸决定亲自驾驶飞机。
pin [p n] n.别针 v. 把……别住/钉住
There is a note pinned to the door saying when the shop will open again.【2014山东阅读】门上面钉着一个通知，上面写着商店再次开门的时间。
pine [pa n] n. 松树
pineapple [ pa n pl] n. 菠萝
ping-pong [p -p ɡ] n. 乒乓球
pink [p k] adj. 粉红色的
pint [pa nt] n.（液量单位）品脱
pioneer [pa n ] n. 先锋，先驱；开拓者，开发者
They are regarded as pioneers in the latest fashion.【2015湖北阅读】他们被当作时尚的先锋
Many roads and places in Singapore are named in order that the pioneers will be remembered by future generations.【2014天津阅读】新加坡的许多地点都以开拓者的名字命名，这样后代就能记住他们的名字了。
pipe [pa p] n. 管子
pity [ p t ] n. 怜悯，同情；可惜，遗憾
They must show each other kindness and pity and the many qualities without which life would be very painful.【2015江苏阅读】他们一定展示出了友善和怜悯等品质，没有这些品质生活会非常痛苦。
It is a pity that you missed the lecture on nuclear pollution.【2015福建】你错过了关于核污染的
place [ple s] n. 地方，地点；位置；v. 放置
The Well Hotel stands in a quiet place off the main road at the far end of the lake.【2012辽宁】
As it grew dark, I would take my place in the center of the stoop and begin the evening’s tale. 2014 浙江 阅读 当天黑的时候我会坐在石凳中央的位置开始将当晚的故事。
Handwriting still has a place in today’s classrooms.【2012天津阅读】手写在今天的教室当中仍有一席之地。
The assistant noticed my nervousness and placed her warm hand over my ice-cold one.【2013重庆阅读】那个助手注意到了我的紧张并把她那温暖的手放到我冰冷的手上。
take place （经计划或安排后）发生，进行；happen偶然发生
What is going to take place on 2 February, 2013 【2013四川阅读】在2013年的2月2将发生什么？
take the place of 代替
A donation box stands in place of a cash register.【2012辽宁阅读】捐赠箱子代替了收银员。
含有“代替”之意的词或短语： in place of sb/sth；in the place of sb/sth； replace
in place 在正确的位置；准备就绪的
The service could be in place by 2015.【2013山阅读】该服务将于2015年准备就绪。
The ropes hold you in place so that you don’t fall.【2013安徽阅读】绳子将会使你处于正确的位置，这样你就不会掉下去。
plain [ple n] adj. 清楚的；简单的，普通的；（用于强调）完全的，十足的；n. 平原
The language was so simple that I could plainly understand its meaning.【2016上海阅读】这个语言如此简单以至于我可以清楚地明白它的意思。
My mother, dissatisfied with my father’s plain workman’s life, determined that I would not grow up like him.【2012浙江阅读】妈妈对我父亲的普通工人生活非常不满意，她决定当我长大的时候不要和他一样。
Parents can sit down to dinner with their kids every day and achieve nothing if there is just plain silence during gathering.【2015山东回答问题】如果父母每天在聚会时只是完全安静地和他们的孩子坐下来吃饭那么他们什么都获得不了。
plan [pl n]n. v. 计划，打算
You don’t have a personal plan for growth, do you 【2016江苏完形】你并没有一个个人成长计划，不是吗？
plane [ple n] n. 飞机
planet [ pl n t] n. 行星
plant [plɑ nt] vt. 种植n. 植物
Still others may simply enjoy being outdoors and close to plants.【2016全国二七选五阅读】仍然有一些人，他们只喜欢户外和亲近自然。
She planted vegetables in her yard.【2015全国一阅读】她在院子里种了一些蔬菜。
plastic [ pl st k] adj. 塑料的；可塑的 n. 塑料
To keep your brain young and plastic you can do one of a million new activities that challenge and excite you: playing table tennis or bridge.【2012四川阅读】为了保持大脑的可塑性，你可以做一些挑战你并让你兴奋的活动，如打乒乓球或玩桥牌。
Most countries in the world have passed laws to ban plastic bags.【2012福建阅读】世界上的大多数国家通过了禁止使用塑料袋的法律。
plate [ple t] n. 牌；盘子；板；片
platform [ pl tf m] n. 月台，站台；平台；讲台
She built an information sharing platform.【2016北京阅读】她建立了一个信息分享平台。
By the time she got to the platform, Lisa felt weak and tired.【2014广东阅读】当丽莎走到月台的时候她感到非常的疲惫与虚弱
Sally walked onto the platform, picked up a piece of chalk and wrote on the blackboard: Rule 1.【2015广东写作】Sally走到讲台拿起粉笔并在黑板上写下了“规则一”。
play [ple ] v. 玩，参加（比赛或运动）；演奏；播放；扮演（角色）；n. 戏剧，剧本；游戏，玩耍；
My grandfather still plays tennis now and then, even though she is in his nineties.【2016北京】我的祖父现在时而打网球，尽管他已经90多岁了。
Architects play a more important role than builders.【2016天津阅读】建筑师扮演的角色比建造者重要。
Bring that accordion and play some songs tonight.【2014湖南完形】今晚把手风琴带来给我们演奏几首歌曲。
It was the first play to win all three of these major awards.【2015山东阅读】它是第一部赢得三项主要大奖的剧本。
A baby’s play is nothing more than a game.【2016浙江阅读】婴儿的玩耍只不过是一个游戏。
playroom [ ple ru:m] n. 游戏室
player[ ple ] n. 比赛者，选手
playground [ ple gra nd] n. 操场，运动场
playmate [ ple me t] n. 玩伴
please [pli z] v. 使高兴；取悦
This joyful show will please everyone.【2016全国二阅读】这个令人愉悦的表演将会使每个人都开心。
They have to please the tourists for a living.【2013江西阅读】他们必须靠取悦游客谋生。
please的三个形容词形式：pleased; pleasing, pleasant
please的名词形式：pleasure
pleasant [ plez nt] adj. 令人愉快的（注意：pleasant与pleasing是同义词）
Daydreaming means people think about something pleasant, especially when this makes them forget what they should be doing.【2015北京七选五】做白日梦意味着人们思考一些令人高兴的事情，尤其是这些事情会让他们忘记正在做的事情。
pleasing [ pli:z ] adj. 令人高兴的
They are more pleasing than modern buildings.【2014安徽阅读】它们比现代建筑更令人高兴。
pleased [pli zd] adj. 高兴的
Welty looked pleased with this explanation.【2016全国卷三阅读】Welty看上去对我的解释非常高兴。
pleasure [ ple ] n. 高兴，愉快；高兴的事
Delicious food is one of the pleasures for people to visit Shanghai.【2015上海】美食是人们造访上海的乐趣之一
plenty [ plent ] n. 充足，大量
plenty的形容词形式：plentiful [ plent fl] adj. 充足的，大量的
plot [pl t] n.情节
Twain’s themes seemed to agree with plots.【2013江苏阅读】马克吐温的主题似乎与这个情节一致。
plug [pl ɡ] n. 塞子
plus [pl s] prep.加；和，加上 n. 优势，有利条件；加号
Four dollars plus one dollar makes five.【2012湖南完形】四美元加上一美元等于五美元。
Lisa had a lot to do at work, plus visitors on the way：her parents were coming in for Thanksgiving from her hometown.【2014广东阅读】Lisa有许多工作要做，此外还有客人来访：她的父母从镇上来和她过感恩节。
What some people regard as a drawback is seen as a plus by many others.【2015北京】一些人眼中的缺点在别人看来却是优势。
I was speechless when my course grade arrived: A- plus.【2013北京完形】当我获得A+的成绩的时候，我无语了。
pocket [ p k t] n. 口袋
poem [ p m] n. 诗 poem的另一名词形式：poet [ p t] n. 诗人
point [p nt] n. 点；观点；时候，阶段；地方，位置；意义；v. 指，指向
At one point, huge piles of snow blocked his way.【2016北京完形】在某个时期，一堆雪阻挡了他的路。
Then, the writing point of the pen should allow the ink to flow evenly while the pen remains in touch with the paper.【2015安徽完形】当笔接触纸张的时候笔尖应该允许墨水均匀的流淌
From this point of view, technology has changed the culture of work.【2012 浙江完形】根据这个观点科技已经改变了我们的工作文化。
I have reached a point in my life where I am supposed to make decisions of my own.【2014浙江】在我的生活中我已经到了我要自己做出决定的这个地步了
Austin didn’t see the point of building a library that resembles a mailbox.【2013湖南阅读】Austin看不出建造一个像邮箱的大楼有什么意义。
Where are the signs that point to the zoo 【2013湖南】指向动物园的指示牌在什么地方？
After I explained my situation to her, she pointed to a bus stop across the street.【2012安徽完形】
在我向她解释了我的情况之后，她指向了对面的公交站牌。
短语：turning point 转折点
The turning point comes after the hero meets his birth mother.【2012江西阅读】当主人公遇到他的母亲的时候转折点出现了。
pint out 指出，指明
They point out there could be no downtown skyscrapers or tall buildings without the elevator.【2014湖北阅读】他们指出：没有电梯的话就不会有城市里的摩天大楼和高层建筑物。
poison [ p zn] n. 毒，毒药；v. 毒害，毒死
Some plants and animals contain natural poisons that are harmful to people.【2015广东阅读】一些动植物包含对人身体有害的天然毒素。
In addition, new coffee-growing techniques are poisoning the water locally, and eventually the world's groundwater.【2015陕西阅读】此外新的咖啡种植技术会使当地甚至全国的地下水受到污染。
poison 的形容词形式：poisonous [ p z n s] adj. 有毒的
Electronic wastes also contain many poisonous metals.【2015江苏阅读】电子垃圾也包含许多有毒金属。
pole [p l] n. 杆，电线杆；
police [p li s] n. 警察
policeman [p li sm n] n.警察,巡警
policy [ p l s ] n. 政策
It remains to be seen whether the newly formed committee’s policy can be put into practice.【2013陕西】新形成的委员会政策能否被实施有待观察。
polish [ p l s ] v.擦亮；打磨，润色
I can stil l remember how long it took to polish the legs of our coffee table.【2016江苏阅读】我仍然记得擦亮咖啡桌的桌腿得花多长时间。
Your essay is good; you just need to polish it a bit.【高考真句】你的作文很好，只需要打磨一下就好。
polite [p la t] adj. 有礼貌的
You’d sound a lot more polite.【2014湖北】你应该更有礼貌。
polite的名词形式：politeness [p la tn s] n. 礼貌
political [p l t kl] adj. 政治的
political的两个名词形式：politician [p l t n] n. 政治家 politics [ p l t ks] n. 政治
pollute [p lu t] vt. 污染
The environment might be polluted.【2015四川阅读】那儿的环境可能收到了污染。
pollute的名词形式：pollution [p lu n] n. 污染
pond [p nd] n. 池塘
poor [p ] adj. 贫穷的；不好的，差的；可怜的；不善于……的
In the 1950s, many poor people did not have enough money to move to the suburbs.【2015安徽阅读】在20世纪50年代许多穷人没有足够的钱搬往郊区。
It made no profits due to poor management.【2013山东阅读】由于管理不善，它没有盈利。
Many experiments have shown that just about every poor reader can improve his reading ability.【2012全国二阅读】许多实验已经表明几乎每一位不善于读书的人都能够改善他的阅读能力。
Poor Steve! I could hardly recognize him just now!【2014山东】可怜的史蒂夫！我刚才差点没认出他来！
短语：be poor at 不擅长
People poor at one thing can be good at another.【2012浙江阅读】一个人不擅长一件事就会擅长另一件事。
popcorn [ p pk n] n. 爆米花
popular [ p pj l ] adj. 流行的，受欢迎的；通俗的；
What we need most are popular science books.【2014浙江阅读】我们最需要的便是通俗科学的书。
短语：be popular with/among 在……当中受欢迎
Smart and pretty, Kate is very popular among/with her friends.【2012浙江阅读】既漂亮又聪明，凯特在她的朋友中很受欢迎。
popular的名词形式：popularity [ p pju l r ti] n. 流行
population [p pj le n]n. 人口；（聚居於某地区的）一群或一类的人或动物
As the world’s population continues to grow, the supply of food becomes more and more of a concern.【2013浙江】伴随着世界人口持续增长，食物的供应变得越来越令人担心。
The honey bee population could be wiped out in 10 years.【2013全国一阅读】蜜蜂将在10年内灭亡。
pork [p k] n. 猪肉
porridge [ p r d ] n. 稀饭，粥
port [p t] n. 港口，码头
porter [ p t ] n. （火车站或旅馆处的）搬运工
portable [ p t bl] adj.手提的，便携式的
The tent was easily portable, and two women could set it up or take it down within an hour.【2015福建】这个帐篷是便携的，两个女性就可以支撑和收放帐篷。
position [p z n] n. 位置；职位（此时等于post）；地位；观点 v. 放置，安置
The position of the classroom with its view made me feel like I was dreaming.【2015浙江改错】带有这个风景的教室位置让我感觉就像在做梦一样。
Dina, struggling for months to find a job as a waitress, finally took a position at a local advertising agency.【2015湖南】几个月来一直想找一个女服务员工作的Dina最后在当地的广告公司找到了一个职位。
The jobs improve their social position.【2012湖北阅读】这些工作改善了他们的社会地位。
And the latter position is gaining some ground.【2015重庆阅读】后者的观点正在普及
Try to position the stick as vertically as you can.【2014福建阅读】尽可能垂直放置这个棍子。
positive [ p z t v] adj. 积极乐观的；积极的，肯定的 n. 优势，优点
Don’t spend your vacation time in a place where everything is too expensive so as to maintain a positive mood.【2014湖南阅读】不要在一切都很贵的地方度假这样可以保持一个积极的情绪。
用法：be positive about 对……乐观，对……积极
Now I feel more positive about my professional future and I’m getting on better with my family than I ever have.【2014四川完形】现在我对我的职业未来更加乐观，并且我与家人的关系比以前要好。
反义词：negative [ neg t v] 消极的，否定的
An unhappy childhood may have some negative effects on a person’s character; however, they are not always permanent.【2015湖北】一个不幸的童年对一个人的性格有消极的影响，但是他们不是永久的
possess [p zes] vt. 拥有
All human beings possess a body clock.【2014四川阅读】所有的人都有一个生物钟。
possess的名词形式：possession [p ze n] n. 拥有，财产
They gave away their possessions to their neighbors.【2014山东阅读】他们将财产捐给了他们的邻居。
possible [ p s bl] adj. 可能的
They make it possible for doctors to perform complicated surgery to save lives.【2015上海阅读】
这些使医生做一些复杂的手术去拯救生命成为了可能。
as … as possible 尽可能快/多等
Dr.Welch needed medicine as soon as possible to stop other kids from getting sick.【2016北京完形】Welch医生需要尽可能多的药物去阻止孩子生病。
possible的名词形式：possibility [p s b l t ] 可能，可能性
注意：likely也有可能的意思，但是在sb is likely to do 结构中，possible不能替换likey。
post [p st] n.职位；邮递，邮政(mail)；邮件(mail) v. 邮寄；张贴
Peter will take up his post as the head of the travel agency at the end of next month.【2015陕西】 在下个月末我将担任旅行社的经理一职。
He checks to see if somebody has posted something new on the Internet.【2015上海语法与词汇】他检查是否某人在网上张贴了新的东西
I made a turn at the corner and drove past the post office.【2012浙江阅读】我在拐角转了个弯，并且经过了邮政局。
I learned from your post that you want to improve your Mandarin.【2015 四川作文】我从你的邮件中得知你想改善普通话。
postage [ p st d ] n. 邮费
postbox [ p stb ks] n. 邮箱
postcard [ p stkɑ d] n. 明信片
postcode [ p stk d] n. 邮政编码
poster [ p st ] n.海报
postman [ p stm n] n. 邮递员
postpone [p st p n] vt. 推迟，延期
The notice came around two in the afternoon that the meeting would be postponed.【2012江苏】会议将会被推迟的通知在下午两点钟左右到。
用法：postpone doing sth 推迟做某事
含有“推迟，延期”之意的词或短语：put off；delay
pot [p t] n. 锅，壶，瓶，罐
potato [p te t ] n. 土豆，马铃薯
potential [p ten l] n. 潜力；可能性；adj. 有潜力的；潜在的，可能的
I must say that I have the potential to work as an instructor.【2014广东阅读】我必须要说我有成为导师的潜力。
Here are three steps to ease the current food crisis and avoid the potential for a global crisis.【2013上海阅读】有三个措施可以缓解当前的食物危机并且避免全球危机的可能性。
Space exploration may help us avoid potential problems on Earth.【2015江西阅读】太空探索有可能帮助我们避免地球上潜在的问题。
pound [pa nd] n. 磅；英镑
pour [p ] vi. 灌，注，倒；涌；大量涌出；（又作pour down）雨倾盆而下
By the time the group got up to leave, it was pouring outside.【2016全国二阅读】到他们起身离开的时候，外面正在下着倾盆大雨。
Tears of happiness poured down Susan’s cheeks.【2015湖北完形】幸福的眼泪从Susan的脸颊涌下。
And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.【2015全国二阅读】又矮又宽的杯子比既长又窄的杯子多30%的液体。
I can still see the enthusiastic family pouring into and out of the house.【2013福建完形】我仍然可以看到热情的家庭成员涌进涌出房屋。
powder [ pa d ] n. 粉，粉末
power [ pa ] n. 权力；力量；动力；电力；能力；v. 给……提供动力
There is a relationship between power and class.【2013陕西阅读】权力和阶级之间是有关系的。
I spend a great deal of my time thinking about the power of language.【2014天津阅读】我花了大量的时间思考语言的力量。
Nuclear supporters claim nuclear power can help the environment.【2013全国一阅读】核能的支持者认为核动力对环境有好处。
So let’s remember the effects of the railroads and the highways as we construct these new power plants in the West.【2015北京阅读】所以让们记住铁路和公路的影响当我们在西部建造这些新的发电站的时候。
We all have the power to use our fantasies to attempt things we never thought possible.【2013广东阅读】我们都有能力去使用我们的想象力去尝试一些我们以前不敢想的事情。
Batteries can power anything from small sensors to large systems.【2015山东阅读】
从小的感应器到大的系统，电池可以给所有的东西提供动力。
power的形容词形式：powerful
powerful [ pa f l] adj. 强大的，有力的
Miller' s most famous play is a powerful attack on the American system.【2015山东阅读】Miller最著名的剧本有力抨击了美国的体制。
practise [ pr kt s] v. 练习
用法：practise doing 练习做某事
She had just finished her homework when her mother asked her to practise playing the piano.【2014福建】她刚做完练习，她的妈妈就让她练习钢琴。
practise的名词形式：practice n. 练习；做法
practice [ pr kt s] n. 练习；做法
Year after year, however, we are increasing the number of practice tests.【2012江苏阅读】年复一年，我们增加了练习测试的数量。
In my opinion, the practice is completely ridiculous.【2012湖南阅读】在我看来，这种做法是极其荒谬的。
短语：in practice 实际上，在实践中
In practice most companies’ marketing effort is focused on getting customers, with little attention paid to keeping them.【2015上海完形】实际上，大多数公司的营销努力注重赢得顾客，却很少关注维持顾客。
pracice的形容词形式：practical [ pr kt kl] adj. 实际的
There remains a certain doubt among the people as to the practical value of the project.【2014安徽】至于该项目的实际价值人们还有疑虑。
prairie [ pre r ] n. 大草原
praise [pre z] n. vt. 赞扬,表扬
But child experts are now learning that too much praise can lead to the opposite effect.【2013福建阅读】儿童专家正在了解到太多的表扬会导致相反的作用。
用法：praise sb/sth for (doing) sth 因（做了）某事表扬某人
The Smiths are praised for the way they bring up their children.【2013山东阅读】史密斯夫妇因为教育孩子的方式而得到了赞扬。
pray [pre ] v. 祈祷
pray的名词形式：prayer [pre ] 祈祷
I sent up a small prayer of gratefulness.【2015全国一阅读】我送出了感谢的祈祷。
precious [ pre s] adj.宝贵的, 珍贵的
【真句】This medal was very precious to my parents.【2019浙江】 这枚奖章对我父母来说非常珍贵。
同义词：rare adj. 稀有的，珍贵的
precise [pr sa s] adj. 精确的,准确的
A half century ago in the United States, most people experienced strong and precise dividing lines between days of rest and days of work.【2014湖北阅读】半个世纪以前，大多数的美国人的工作时间和休息时间是有严格的分解线的。
同义词：exact adj. 准确的； accurate adj. 准确的
predict [pr d kt] v. 预测，预言，预料
scientists have failed to predict the outcomes.【2014重庆阅读】科学家未能预测结果。
predict的名词形式：prediction [pr d k n] 预测
predict的同义词：foresee v. 预测，预料； forecast n. v 预测，预料
prefer [pr f ] vt. 更喜欢
用法：prefer A to B 与B相比更喜欢A
They prefer the city to the suburbs because their jobs are there.【2015安徽阅读】与郊区相比他们更喜欢城市，因为他们的工作在城市里。
用法：prefer to do更喜欢做某事
Most Americans would prefer to keep their problems to themselves, and solve their problems by themselves.【2014湖南】大多数美国人喜欢把问题留给自己然后自己解决这些问题。
prefer doing 更喜欢做某事
I prefer shutting myself in and listening to music all day on Sundays.【2015江苏】在周日，我更喜欢把自己关起来听一整天的音乐。
prefer doing A to doing B 与做B相比更喜欢做A
It’s my impression that beggars simply prefer begging to working.【2006北京阅读】
在我的映象里面乞丐更喜欢乞讨而不喜欢工作。]
preference [ pref r ns] n. 偏爱
用法：preference for 对……的偏爱
One reason for her preference for city life is that she can have easy access to places like shops and restaurants.【2015上海】她对城市生活偏爱的一个原因是她可以很容易进入诸如商店和餐馆之类的地方。
pregnant [ preɡn nt] adj. 怀孕的 其名词形式为：pregnancy [ preɡn nsi] 怀孕
prejudice [ pred d s] n. 偏见，成见
We’ve become so accustomed to noise that there’s almost a deep prejudice against the idea that silence might be beneficial.【2015安徽阅读】我们如此习惯于声音以至于我们对安静是有好处的想法有深深的成见。
premier [ prem ] n. 首相，总理
prepare [pr pe ] vt. 准备
He could prepare meals in a small kitchen.【2012全国二阅读】它可以在小厨房里面准备饭菜。
用法：prepare for 为……做准备
They also help students prepare for college mathematics.【2012北京阅读】他们帮助学生为大学数学做准备。
prepare sb for sth 使某人为……做准备
He believes that in this fast-developing world parents should prepare their children for lifelong learning at an early age.【2012浙江阅读】他认为在这个快速发展的世界父母应该让孩子从小就为终身学习做准备。
prepare的名词形式：preparation n. 准备
prepare的形容词形式：preparared adj. 准备好的
preparared [pr pe d] adj. 准备好的
用法：be prepared for 为……做好准备
I'm well prepared for it.【2016浙江】我为此做好了准备。
preparation [prep re n] n. 准备
用法：make preparations (for) （为……）做准备（注意s千万不能被省略）
We won’t start the work until all the preparations have been made.【2014天津】我们不会开始这份工作直到所有的准备都做好了。
present [ preznt] adj. 出席的；存在的；现在的 n. 礼物；现在 v.赠送，呈现
But the new discoveries show that Chinese silk was apparently present in the West long before the Han emperor started organized trade over the Silk Road.【2014江西阅读】但是新的研究表明：在汉朝皇帝开始在丝绸之路上组织贸易之前，丝绸之路就已经存在了。
Asian governments must take steps to improve the present situation as soon as possible.【2013安徽阅读】亚洲政府必须尽可能快的采取措施改善现在的情况。
Teddy brought her a Christmas present too.【2013全国二阅读】Teddy也给她自己买了礼物
the Present and the Future of IPD.【2013江西阅读】IPD的现在和未来。
Classic works, written by masters, present great thoughts through fascinating stories and language.【2014浙江阅读】大师写的经典作品通过引人入胜的故事和语言来描述他们伟大的思想。
用法：be present at 出席……
Please be present at the science show in person.【2013湖南阅读】请亲自出席科技展。
at present
It is reported that many a new house is being built at present in the disaster area.【2015陕西】
据报道灾区的许多房子现在正在被建。
present sb with sth = present sth. to sb. 给某人某物；向某人呈现某物
They presented the elderly with flowers and fruits.【2014浙江写作】他们给老人花和水果。
present的名词形式：presence [ prezns] 出席；存在；到场
短语：in one’s presence = in the presence of sb 在某人面前，当着某人的面
I asked you not to smoke in my presence.【高考真句】我要求你不要当着我的面抽烟。
presentation [prez n te n] n. 报告；
Whatever the presentation, public speaking is tough.【2013全国二七选五】不管报告是什么，公共演说都很难。
preserve [pr z :v] v. 保护，保存；维持，保持
We need to know more about how to preserve parrots.【2014湖北阅读】关于如何保护鹦鹉我们应该了解的更多。
Forbidden city is the largest and best preserved collection of ancient buildings in China.【2014福建阅读】紫禁城是中国最大的也是保存最好的古建筑群。
同义词：conserve v. 保存，保护（等于preserve）
Since 1950, all African elephants have been conserved as one species.【2015湖南阅读】自从1950年以来所有的非洲象都被当作一种物种来保护。
易混词：reserve v. 预定；保留，留出；n. 保护区
president [ prez d nt] n. 总统；主席
press [pres] vt. 压，按；敦促，催促；熨平； n. 新闻界；出版社，印刷厂；按，压
The bear held tightly on the tripod and pressed it into my side.【2014北京阅读】那个熊紧紧地抓着三脚架压向我这边。
Pressed from his parents，and realizing that he has wasted too much time, the boy is determined to stop playing video games.【2012福建】受到父母的敦促，并且意识到浪费了许多时间，这个小男孩决定停止玩电子游戏。
She gathered the freshly pressed clothes in her arms and walked to Jessica’s closet.【2015江西阅读】她夹着刚熨平的衣服走向Jessica的衣柜。
The manager was worried about the press conference his assistant was giving in his place but, luckily, everything was going on smoothly.【2015浙江】经理非常担心其助手代替其召开的记者招待会，但是幸运的是一切进展顺利。
Oxford University Press 牛津大学出版社
pressure [ pre ] n.压力；气压
In modern times, people have to learn to live with all kinds of pressure although they are leading a comfortable life.【2013湖北】在现代社会，尽管人们过着舒适的生活但是他们不得不学会忍受各种各样的压力。
短语：blood pressure 血压；air pressure 气压
同义词：stress n. 压力
pretend [pr tend] v. 假装
用法：pretend to do sth
He would ask who we were and pretend not to know us.【2016浙江改错】他会问我们是谁并假装不认识我们。
pretty [ pret ] adj. 漂亮的，好看的；adv. 很，非常
My mum is pretty considerate.【2014福建】我的妈妈非常体贴
That’s pretty creative.【2016全国二阅读】那是非常有创造力的
prevent [pr vent] vt. 阻止；预防，防止
It is a way to prevent the spread of any tree diseases.【2013广东】它是一种预防树木疾病传播的方式。
用法：prevent … from doing … 阻止……做……
China recently tightened its waters controls near the Huangyan Island to prevent Chinese fishing boats from being attacked in the South China Sea.【2012福建】中国最近加强了黄岩岛附近海域的控制为了阻止中国渔船在南海受到攻击
同义词：：prevent/keep/stop … from doing … 阻止……做……
preview [ pri vju ] vt. 预习；预演
It really benefited me a lot to preview lessons.【2014江西作文】预习课程使我受益很多。
What is the purpose of the dress rehearsals and the out-of-town previews that many Broadway shows go through 【2015上海完形】许多百脑汇演出进行彩排和出城预演的目的是什么？
previous [ pri:vi s] adj. 以前的，之前的
What can we learn from Professor Ryan’s previous experiment 【2014四川阅读】关于Ryan之前的实验我们知道什么？
易混词： precious 宝贵的
price [pra s] n. 价格；代价
The price of oil is lower than before.【2015全国一阅读】石油的价格比之前的价格低了。
Women have to pay a high price for success.【2013福建阅读】女性为了成功不得不付出高的代价。
注意：cost也有“代价”之意
pride [pra d] n. 自豪，骄傲；傲慢；自尊（心）；
My father could hardly contain his pride in me.【2015陕西阅读】爸爸难以抑制他对我的骄傲。
pride and prejudice【2013福建阅读】傲慢与偏见
I usually managed to swallow my pride and ask someone at the stop for help.【2012广东阅读】
有时候我也会不顾我的自尊，向车站里的人们寻求帮助。
短语：take pride in 对……感到自豪 = be proud of
He took pride in having contributed to the world.【2014广东阅读】他为世界做贡献感到自豪。
pride的形容词形式：proud 骄傲的，自豪的
primary [ pra m r ] adj. 首要的，主要的；小学教育的，初级教育的
The volunteers’ primary responsibility is to help people with learning disabilities to realize their own importance.【2014四川阅读】志愿者的首要职责是帮助那些在学习上有困难的人意识到他们的重要性。
I have been wearing glasses since I was in primary school and I hate them.【2013全国一】自从上小学我就开始戴眼镜了并且我非常讨厌他们。
This would give her a primary knowledge of her field.【2014上海阅读】这会让他们
primitive [ pr m t v] adj. 原始的
What can we infer about primitive birds from the text 【2015全国一】从文中我们可以得知原始鸟儿的什么情况？
principle [ pr ns pl] n. 原则；原理
Sometimes standards change, and it is unclear which principle should apply.【2013江苏阅读】有的时候标准改变了，我们不清楚改用哪个原则。
Apply these principles in your everyday life in a conscious way.【2012浙江阅读】在日常生活中有意识的使用这些原理。
print [pr nt] vt. n.打印，印刷，印
When printing was invented in the fifteenth century, pages of advertisements (ads) could be printed easily.【2015全国一阅读】当印刷在15世纪被发明的时候，广告的纸张可以被很容易的打印出来。
print的两个名词形式：printer [ pr nt ] n. 打印机；printing [ pr nt ] n. 印刷，印刷术
prison [ pr zn] n. 监狱 prison的另一个名词形式：prisoner [ pr zn ] n. 囚犯
private [ pra v t] adj. 私人的，个人的；私立的；不为公众所认识的
Refuse to accept so many work assignments in your private life or your working life.【2012浙江阅读】在你的个人生活或工作生活中拒绝接受如此多的工作任务
Private colleges, public universities and corporations are jumping into the online education field, spending millions of dollars to attract potential students.【2013广东阅读】私立大学、公立大学以及公司都加入了网络教育领域，花费数百万美元吸引潜在的学生。
Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis was one of the most private women in the world.【2015福建阅读】Jacqueline Bouvier Kennedy Onassis是世界上最不为公众所认识的女性之一。
private 的名词形式：privacy [ pra v si] 隐私；清静，独处
Choose a campsite with privacy and minimum influence on others and the environment.【2014北京阅读】选择一个清静的、对环境和他人影响小的野营地。
They can no longer have their privacy protected.【2013北京阅读】他们不再使他们的隐私受到保护。
privilege [ pr v l d ] n. 特权；荣幸
Larry had some privileges.【2014江西阅读】Larry 有一些特权。
privilege的形容词形式：privileged 有特权的；荣幸的
prize [pra z] n. 奖赏,奖品
I won a national prize for painting last week.【2013全国一改错】
辨析：reward, award, prize
三者的含义基本相同，但在不同语境中表达的含义有所差别。
reward“报答，报偿，奖赏”，表示由于做了某事而应该得到的东西。如：
The fireman received a reward for saving the child's life.
因救了小孩的命，消防员提到一笔奖金。
prize “奖赏，奖金，奖品”，其意与award相近，尤指在比赛中获得的荣誉。如：
Hundreds of prizes can be won in our newspaper competition.
参加我们报纸的竞赛可以赢得数以百计的奖品。
probably [ pr b bl ] adv. 很可能,大概
Exactly when the potato was introduced into Europe is uncertain, but it was probably around 1565. 【2014全国一】马铃薯进入欧洲的确切日子并不清楚，但是很可能在1565年左右
probably的形容词形式：probable 可能的
problem [ pr bl m] n. 问题，难题
Before a problem can be solved, it must be obvious what the problem itself is.【2015湖南】在问题被解决之前必须要清楚问题本身是什么。
procedure [pr si d ] n. 程序，步骤
Additional security procedures and checks may be taken according to the decision of the Gallery. 【2013江西阅读】根据画廊的决定额外的安全措施和检查将会被采用。
process [ pr ses] n. 过程，进程v. 加工，处理
This process was repeated time and again.【2015安徽阅读】这个过程被反复重复。
Carl is studying food science at college and hopes to open up a meat processing factory of his own one day.【2012安徽】Carl正在大学学习食品科学，他希望将来有一天可以建立一个自己的肉类加工厂。
progress [ pr ses] n. 进步，进展 v 进步，进展，
Much more progress will be made in the near future.【2016四川阅读】在不久的将来我们将会取得巨大进步。
The infection has progressed to the early stages of AIDS.【2012湖北阅读】感染进展到艾滋的早期阶段
短语：make progress 取得进步/进展；
Thanks to her help, I made great progress in my study.【2015全国二改错】由于她的帮助我在学习上获得了很大的进步。
produce [pr dju s] vt. 制造，生产；产生；出产
It produced the best typewriter in the world.【2015安徽阅读】它制造出世界上最好的打印机。
Childhood experiences produce far-reaching effect on the health of grown-ups.【2012四川阅读】
孩童时代的经历会对成人产生深远的影响。
Then in 1996, the Del Monte Gold pineapple produced in Hawaii first hit our shelves.【2013全国一阅读】在1996年，由夏威夷出产的Del Monte Gold菠萝进入了我们的货架。
produce的名词形式：production; product
produce的形容词形式：productive
production [pr d k n] n. 制造，生产；产量
Big companies allowed the production of cheaper milk.【2015全国一阅读】大公司使生产更加便宜的牛奶成为可能。
GM technology actually has not increased the production potential of any crop.【2015陕西阅读】
转基因技术实际上并没有增加任何庄稼产量的潜力。
product [ pr d kt] n. 产品
Your product sounds like the right choice for me.【2013广东阅读】对我而言，你的产品听上去是一个正确的选择。
productive [pr d kt v] adj. 多产的，富有成效的
Group work is necessary, and is usually more productive than working alone.【2013江苏任务型读写】团队工作是必要的，并且它通常比单独工作有成效。
professional [pr fe nl] adj. 专业的；职业的 n. 专业人士；职业选手
He plays the piano better than many professional pianists.【2014广东阅读】他比专业钢琴家弹得要好。
Now I feel more positive about my professional future.【2014四川完形】现在我对我职业的未来更加乐观。
It’s vital to believe in IT professionals.【2013湖北阅读】相信IT的专业人士是非常重要的。
professional作形容词时的名词形式: profession
profession [pr fe n] n.（需要有专业教育或训练的）职业
Peterson will change her profession next year.【2012山东阅读】Peterson明年将换职业。
professor [pr fes ] n. 教授
profit [ pr f t] n.利润；利益，好处；v. 有利于，对……有好处
Famous companies care more about profit than quality.【2015浙江阅读】著名的公司更加注重利润而不是质量。
Your cheating conduct in selling a great amount of useless equipment simply for huge profit.【2013四川阅读】你卖这些无用的东西的欺骗行为只是为了获得巨大的好处。
Spelling benefits the translation from words into ideas.【2012天津阅读】拼写使单词转换为思想受益。
短语：profit from 从……获利
He would be thought of only as one who profited from the death and destruction.【2014广东完形】他将被认为是唯一一个从死亡和破坏中获益的人。
profit的形容词形式：profitable [ prɑ:f t bl] adj. 有利润的
The production of coffee beans is a huge, profitable business. 2015陕西阅读 咖啡豆的生产是一个大的、有利润的事情。
programme(美program) [ pr gr m] n. 计划，方案；节目；课程；计算机程序
Up to now, the program has saved thousands of children who would otherwise have died.【2015山东】到目前为止该项目已经拯救了成千上万名否则会死的儿童。
Before starting their programme, students are expected to take a language test.【2016天津阅读】在开始他们的课程之前，学生们被要求参加语言测试。
For years I have been hosting a program on the radio and writing articles for a magazine.【2015重庆完形】多年来我一直在电台主持节目，并且为杂志写文章。
We also know the bug as a flaw in a computer program or other design.【2013辽宁完形】我们也知道bug就是指计算机程序或其它设计的漏洞。
prohibit [pr h b t] v. 禁止,阻止
Smoking is prohibited.【2015江苏阅读】禁止吸烟
用法：prohibit sth/sb (from doing sth)禁止某事物或某人做某事
同义词：ban禁止； forbid禁止
用法：ban/forbid sb/sth from doing sth禁止某事物或某人做某事
forbid sb to do sth禁止某事物或某人做某事
project [ pr d ekt] n.项目；计划；课题；工程；
Project managers evaluate the performance of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.【2016上海完形】项目经理评价每个成员为项目做了哪些事情的表现而不是他们所花费的时间。
Children on the project showed noticeable progress in reading.【2012山东阅读】参与该计划的儿童在阅读方面都展示了明显的进步。
In the Central Valley area, a huge water engineering project provided water for farming in dry valleys, 【2015安徽阅读】在Central Valley地区，一个大型的水利工程将给干旱的峡谷提供灌溉用水。
I have to finish my project on the history of the Internet.【2015陕西】我不得不完成关于互联网历史的课题。
promise [ pr m s] v. 保证，答应；预示……可能会发生；n. 保证，承诺；
My parents have promised to come to see me before I leave for Africa.【2014辽宁】我的父母保证在我去非洲之前来看我。
Reading early may promise later achievements.【2012上海阅读】过早的阅读可能预示着以后会有所成就。
短语：keep/break a promise 遵守/违背诺言；
For six years now Bonner has kept his promise to stay out of prison.【2012浙江阅读】六年来Bonner一直遵守着远离监狱的诺言。
make a promise 许下诺言
I made a promise to myself that this year, my first year in high school, would be different.【2012浙江】我向自己许下诺言：今年，高中的第一年将会不一样。
promise的形容词形式：promising [ pr m s ] adj. 有前途的，有希望的
promising drugs will soon stop AIDS.【2012湖北阅读】有希望的药物将会阻止艾滋
promote [pr m t] v. 推动，促进；提拔；促销，推销
Throughout history, advertising has been an effective way to promote the trading and selling of goods.【2015全国一阅读】有史以来，广告一直是促进商品买卖的有效方式。
I hear they’ve promoted Tom, but he didn’t mention being promoted when we talked on the phone.【2013江西】我听说他们提拔了Tom, 但在电话上Tom并没有提及此事。
Merchants were employed to promote products.【2015全国一阅读】商人被雇佣去推销产品。
promote的名词形式：promotion [pr m n] n. 推动，促进；提拔；促销，推销
pronounce [pr na ns] vt. 发音
pronunciation [pr n ns e n] n. 发音
proper [ pr p ] adj.合适的，适当的
The experiment shows that proper amounts of exercise, if carried out regularly, can improve our health.【2015浙江】实验表明如果定期做适当的训练的话，我们能够改善我们的健康。
proper的副词形式：properly adv. 适当地，正确地
Only by increasing the number of doctors by 50 percent can the patients be treated properly in this hospital.【2013全国二阅读】只有增加一半的医生，这个医院的病人才能得到适当地治疗
protect [pr tekt] vt. 保护
用法：protect sb/sth (against/from sth) 保护……免受……
It has been proved that eating vegetables in childhood helps to protect you against serious illnesses in later life.【2013上海】研究表明在儿童时代多吃蔬菜有助于在以后的生活中预防严重疾病
These clouds protect the forest from the daytime heat and nighttime cold.【2012辽宁阅读】
这些云可以保护森林免受白天的热量以及夜晚的寒冷所带来的伤害。
protect的名词形式：protection [pr tek ( )n] n. 保护
protest [ pr test]
As a concerned parent, I am writing to protest your recent advertisement for Electro.【2014江西阅读】作为一个担忧的父母，我写信是为了反对你们为Electro所做的广告。
prove [pru v] vt. 证明，证实；证明是
I don’t believe what you said, but if you can prove it, you may be able to convince me.【2014辽宁阅读】我不相信你的话，但是如果你能证实的话你也许可以让我信服。
Lead poisonous has proved more difficult to deal with.【2015北京阅读】铅中毒被证明是很难处理的。
prove的名词形式：proof [pru:f] n. 证明，证据
provide [pr va d] vt. 提供
用法：provide sb with sth; provide sth for sb提供某人某物
In those days, our primary concern was to provide people who were stopped by the snow storm with food and health care.【2013湖北】在那些日子里，我们首要的目标就是给那些被暴风雨阻挡的人提供食物和医疗。
Many Chinese universities provided scholarships for students in need of financial aid.【2013天津】许多中国大学给那些需要资金援助的学生提供奖学金。
短语:provide for 供养，抚养
Jane insists that she needs her new, busy life to provide for her family.【2015四川阅读】
Jane坚持说她需要新的繁忙的
