中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考单词U与V（原卷版）
目录
高考单词U 1
高考单词V 15
高考核心词汇与练习--- U 22
高考核心词汇与练习--- V 24
高考单词U
upset [ p set] a. 心烦的，苦恼的
【助记】up表示“向上”，set表示“向下”，心中七上八下，也就是烦躁不安，心烦了。
【真句】However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.【2022全国乙卷】然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了含糖税，并因害怕扰乱消费者而拒绝改变。
【真句】I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage...【2021新高考2卷】得知很多海洋动物都吃塑料垃圾，我很难过...
【真句】He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. 【2020北京卷】他很沮丧，不是为了游戏员，而是为了手表。
【真句】The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. 【2019江苏】 我任务如此艰巨，史蒂夫又生气又心烦地说他要辞职了。
ugly [ ɡl ] adj. 丑陋的，难看的
【真句】It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.【2022新高考1卷】令人惊叹的是，美味的食物——从杂货商拒绝的“丑陋”（但相当容易吃）蔬菜到扔进餐厅垃圾桶里的大量未吃的菜肴。
【真句】It made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes.【2014江苏阅读】这让我思考为什么我要穿他那难看的衣服。
umbrella [ m brel ] n. 雨伞
【真句】 It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning—running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones—but it's certainly worth trying.【2021.1浙江卷】开始可能很困难，需要一些计划——前门的跑鞋，前一天晚上的午餐，雨天的雨伞，炎热的帽子——但这确实值得一试。
【真句】This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if 【2021新高考2卷】there is a full rainstorm.【2020海南】这是一场真正的雨——你的雨伞可能会在阵雨中保护你，但如果下大雨，它不会让你保持干燥。
unable [ n eb l] adj. 不能……的，不会……的 短语：
be unable to do sth不能做某事
【真句】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独）, more families are choosing to live together.【2020全国3】由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人则面临着被隔离的风险（孤独），更多的家庭选择住在一起。
【真句】She was unable to speak good English.【2015广东阅读】她不能够说一口流利的英语。
【真句】Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others.【2013上海阅读】他们无法享受音乐，这使他们与其他人不一样。
unbearable [ n be r bl] adj. 无法忍受的
【真句】My fatigue became almost unbearable.【2016天津】我累得几乎无法忍受。
【真句】If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain.【2013广东阅读】如果你不喜欢你做的事情，你将会感受到无法忍受的痛苦。
unbelievable [ nb li v bl] adj. （好的或坏的）令人难以置信的
【真句】The Unbelievable Years that Defined History【2017江苏】定义历史的难以置信的岁月
【真句】It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.【2014辽宁】
真是难以相信啊！尽管Lucas先生有很多钱，但他还过着如此简单的生活。
【真句】Those were incredible days.【2014浙江阅读】那些日子是令人难以置信的。
同义词incredible
uncertain [ n s :tn] adj. 不确定的
【真句】The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.【2021.3天津】不确定性开始压在我们身上，所以我想做一些特别的事情。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.【2015浙江】尽管2000病人服用了这个药物，但是这个药物有什么副作用是不确定的。
uncertain的名词形式：uncertainty
uncle [ kl] n. 叔
uncomfortable [ n k mft bl] adj. 不舒服的
【真句】High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement.【2023.2四省联考】高强度的演讲者通常对谈话中的沉默感到不舒服，同时认为说话是参与的标志。
【真句】He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse.【2013陕西阅读】他可能使一个不舒服的状况变得更糟糕。
同义词awkward adj. 不舒服的(其还有尴尬的；笨拙的之意)
unconditional [ nk n d n l] adj. 无条件的
unconscious [ n k n s] adj. 失去知觉的；无意识的
【真句】In such a situation, I work as hard as I can — then let the unconscious take over.【2016天津阅读】在这种情况下，我尽可能地努力地工作——然后让无意识接管。
【真句】In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step.【2016天津阅读】在接下来的那几周，在我无意识的脑海中出现的解决措施在每一步都证明是正确的。
【真句】The dog had initially been knocked unconscious.【2015陕西阅读】那只狗一开始被撞的失去知觉了。
underground [ nd ɡra nd] adj. 地下的 adv. 在地下的 n. 地铁（同义词 tube subway地铁）
【真句】Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. 【2020全国3】游览重点包括罗马城市道加、努米迪亚地下首都布拉里加、罗马斯贝特拉以及塔托尤因和马塔塔周围的偏远地区，这些地区是地下城市的代表地。
【真句】The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.【2015安徽阅读】沙特的地下水可能在50年后被用光。
underline [ nd la n] v. 下划线；强调
【真句】To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. 【2023新高考2卷】为了发挥它的功能，一本书必须被用户激活：封面打开了，页面分开了，内容被评论了，也许是写下的笔记或下划线的文字。
【真句】What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean 【2014四川阅读】下划线单词amiss在第一段是什么意思？
【真句】It underlines a fact that is often neglected.【2014上海阅读】它强调一个经常被忽略的事实。
understand [ nd st nd] v. 明白，理解
【真句】As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant.【2019浙江】作为一个孩子，阿德琳不明白为什么奖牌如此重要。
【真句】The more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.【2015四川阅读】故事约容易被理解就越不现实。
understand的形容词形式：understandable 可理解的；易于理解的
understand的名词形式understanding n. 理解
undertake [ nd te k] v.承担，从事；undertake to do 承诺做某事，答应做某事
【真句】Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.【2012福建阅读】大多数学校都承担着团队或个人教育支持项目。
【真句】The United Nations Organiztion(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.【2013江西阅读】联合国组织可以承诺指导援助的分配。
underwear[ nd we ] n. 内衣
undivided [ nd va d d] adj. 未分开的；完整的，全部的
undo [ n du ] v. 解开，打开
unemployment [ n m pl m nt] n. 失业，失业人数
【真句】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, to help reduce unemployment pressures.【2014江苏】今年整个中国的学校预计会雇佣50000名毕业生作为短期的老师以减少失业压力。
unfair [ n fe ] adj. 不公平的,不公正的
【真句】At no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.【2013辽宁阅读】他们实际上没有破坏游戏规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。
unfit [ n f t] adj. 不合适的，不健康的
【真句】He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war.【2015湖南阅读】他被断定不适合再次返回海上，因此在战争的余年他在格拉斯哥的海岸边工作。
unfold [ n f ld] v. 展现，呈现；打开
【真句】Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather.【2012北京阅读】10个月后当我和爷爷坐在校长办公室的时候那个机会到来了。
【真句】He unfolded the map.【高考真句】他打开地图。
unfortunate [ n f ld] adj. 不幸的
【真句】Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal.【2016全国一七选五阅读】不幸的是，我们都是背叛的受害者。
unhappy [ n h pi] adj. 不高兴的
unhealthy [ n helθ ] adj.不健康的,不卫生的
uniform [ ju n f m] n. 制服，校服 adj. 一致的，相同的
【真句】As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. 【2021.3天津卷】当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他离开了不再为他服务的那一层，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。
【真句】It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes.【2015重庆阅读】对于衣服的不同特征衣服制造商遵循某些相同的标准，这几乎不令人惊讶。
unite [ju na t] v. 联合，团结
【真句】Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise Not one country picked religion as its top choice.【2012陕西阅读】甚至加拿大和美国都选择国家历史作为团结他们人民的第二重要因素。
unite的名词形式：union n. 联合
【真句】Union is strength.【2015福建写作】联合就是力量。
unite的形容词形式：united adj. 联合的
【真句】United efforts are necessary for the development of science.【2014重庆阅读】联合的努力对于科学的发展是必要的。
unique [ju ni:k] adj. 特别的；独特的
【真句】Liverpool, my hometown, is a unique city.【2014重庆阅读】我的家乡利物浦是一个特别的城市
【真句】When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. 【2021年6月天津卷】当人们参加音乐会时，他们会为音乐付费，当然，甚至可能是酒店房间、餐饮和交通，但他们也会获得令人难以置信的体验、独特的氛围和将贯穿其余生的记忆。
短语：unique to sb/sth 某人或某物独有的
【真句】Body language is unique to humans.【2015江西阅读】身体语言是人类独有的。
【真句】These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.【2019全国1.】这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。因此，键盘可以决定人们的身份，进而决定是否应该让他们访问与之相连的计算机，而不管是否有人获得了正确的密码。
unit [ ju n t] n. 单元，单位
【真句】PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.【2022年6月北京卷】PASS涉及每周的会议，你在小组中工作，以解决特别准备的问题集，基于你注册的一个单元的研究。
universal [ju n v sl] adj. 普遍的，全体的
【真句】In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.【2015湖南阅读】总而言之，这个数据表明面部表情不是人类情感的普遍信号。
universe [ ju:n v :s] n. 宇宙 （前面一定要加冠词the）
university [ ju:n v :s ti] n. 大学 （前面不能加冠词a）
【真句】Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. 【2021年6月新高考二卷】
unknown [ n no n] adj. 未知的；不出名的
【真句】Don’t dive into unknown waters.【2013安徽阅读】不要潜入未知水域。
【真句】The Museum will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.【2014安徽阅读】这个博物馆将会展出由不出名的收藏家积累的物品。
短语：unknown to sb 不为某人所知的
【真句】Her contribution was unknown to the public.【2014浙江阅读】她的贡献不为公众所知
unless [ n les] conj. 除非
【真句】It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.【2020全国2.】如果你不明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏广阔的湿地，那么谈论无负罪感的皮毛听起来很疯狂。
unlike [ n la k] prep 不同于，不像
【真句】But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals' frightful owners, and returns them.【2019浙江】但与大多数收藏家不同的是，扎克追踪到奖牌的可怕的主人，并将其归还。
unlikely [ n la kli] adj. 不可能的
短语：be unlikely to do sth不可能做某事
【真句】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.【2015福建】霍金认为地球不可能是唯一一个生命逐渐形成的星球。
unmarried [ n m r d] adj. 未婚的
unpleasant [ n pleznt] adj. 使人不愉快的
【真句】An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu （臭豆腐）settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.【2019.3天津】当一碗油炸臭豆腐落在奶奶的餐桌上时，一股难闻的气味飘进了我的鼻子。
unrest [ n rest] n. 不安；骚动
unsafe [ n se f] adj. 不安全的
unsuccessful [ ns k sesf l] adj. 不成功,失败的
【真句】After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（纪录片）series The Last Dance.【2021.3天津卷】经过几个小时失败的尝试后，我丈夫建议看迈克尔·乔丹的纪录片(纪录片）系列《最后的舞蹈》。
until [ n t l] prep. conj. 直到…为止
【真句】I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table.【2021.3天津卷】直到上周的一个早上，我把我最喜欢的茶壶从桌子上摔下来，我才仔细考虑过这件事。
not…until…直到….才……
I can’t repair these until tomorrow.【2013江苏】我直到明天才能修这些东西
untrue [ n tru ] adj. 不真实的
unusual [ n ju l] adj. 不平常的，异常的
【真句】The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. 【2020全国1】麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师们进一步改变了植物的实际组成，以使它们发挥不同的，甚至是不寻常的功能。
unwilling [ n w l ] adj. 不愿意的
【真句】At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."【2019全国2.】此时，不情愿的家长大声说道：“好吧，是的，我会做的。”
短语be unwilling/reluctant to do 不情愿做某事
2019全国2They were unwilling to reduce their energy.【2013辽宁阅读】他们不愿意减少能源。
unwilling的名词形式：unwillingness 不情愿
同义词reluctant
update [ p de t] v. n. 更新
【真句】If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.【2021年6月北京卷】如果您在六个月内没有收到任何更新，这意味着您的申请没有成功。
【真句】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.【2015江苏】为了保持专业能力老师不得不持续更新他们的知识。
update的形容词形式：updated 更新的
upper [ p ] adj. 较高的；较高级的
【真句】During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face.【2021年6月浙江卷】在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部或下半部。
【真句】The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to read.【2013天津阅读】图书馆的上层是给学生们读书用的。
upset [ p set] adj. 不安的；不高兴的 v. 使不高兴
【真句】Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.【2014福建阅读】Tenyson对于小两口所发生的事情感到不安。
【真句】I know how upset you must be.【2015浙江阅读】我知道你是多么的生气
【真句】Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.【2013辽宁阅读】记住原谅未必意味着和那个让你生气地人再次成为朋友。
upstairs [ p ste z] adv. 在楼上,到楼上
【真句】 I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. 【2019.6上海】我奉命把书橱搬到楼上去，还有一次，把钢琴从房间的一边挪到另一边。
upward [ pw d] adv. 向上，往上
urban [ b n] adj. 城市的
【真句】We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy.【2022年6月浙江卷】我们关注的是城市地区，那里的自然环境往往不是那么容易。
【真句】In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.【2013北京阅读】在1990年少于40%的美国人生活在城区。
urge [ d ] v. 催促，力劝；推动 n. 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求
【真句】Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.【2015福建阅读】
顾客的环保意识可能会催促公司减少碳排放。
【真句】The urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong.【2012北京阅读】开发生态系统服务的欲望非常强烈。
urge sb to do敦促某人做某事，力劝某人做某事
【真句】A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. 【2014江苏阅读】那些有成绩优异的朋友的学生可能被推动去好好学习并且获得好的分数。
urge的形容词形式：urgent [ d nt] adj. 紧急的，急迫的
【真句】She had got to head home to deal with some urgent situations.【2013全国一阅读】她不得不回家去做一些紧急的事情。
use [ju z] n. v. 用，利用，使用
【真句】As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology.【2021年6月天津卷】随着我们开发更先进的铝技术，我们将不得不使用与该技术沟通的新方式。
短语：use up 用光，用尽 同义词run out of
【真句】The child has used up their daily allowance.【2012山东阅读】那个小孩用光了每天的零花钱。
make use of 使用
She made use of the contents of other classes in her teaching.【2012山东阅读】
在教学当中他使用了其它课堂的内容。
used to do 过去常常做某事
The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday.【2014湖北阅读】
几乎每个州的法律过去都要求商店在周日停止营业。
be used to do 被用来做
I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.【2015辽宁完形】我不断地接触这些基础知识并且了解了他们是怎样被用来解释东西和想法的。
be used to doing 习惯于
People aren’t used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger.【2015湖南完形】人们并不习惯和陌生人做无准备的谈话。
it’s no use doing 做某事时没有用的
It’s no use complaining without taking action.【2015上海】光抱怨不采取行动时没用的。
use的三个形容词形式：used用过的，二手的；useful有用的，有益的useless无用的
use的另一个名词形式：user 使用者，用户
used [ju:st] adj. 用过的，二手的
【真句】Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.【2016北京书面表达】
我们班相处了一个更好利用二手材料的想法。
useful [ ju sf l] adj. 有用的
【真句】Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.【2021年6月新高考二卷】俄克拉何马州畜牧业协会副主席迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯（Michael Kelsey Paris）表示，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧日益加剧，机器人可能会非常有用。
【真句】Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information【2015浙江阅读】表格在传递信息方面是非常有用的。
useless [ ju sl s] adj. 无用的
【真句】They hadn’t been useless.【2015辽宁阅读】他们以前并不是没有用的
user [ ju z ] n. 使用者；用户
Their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old.【2016上海阅读】他们的用户主要由20岁以下的孩子组成的。
usual [ ju l] adj. 通常的，平常的
Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. Instead, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.【2013湖南】昨晚库克先生没有在通常的时间回家。相反，他去见朋友了并且在外面呆到半夜。
It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects.【2012江苏阅读】这与平常的挑战无关，如洪水，上升的油价和吃庄稼的虫子。
短语 as usual 和往常一样
As usual I ran into something.【2012广东阅读】和往常一样，我撞上了某个东西。
反义词：unusual 异常的，不平常的
高考单词V
valid [ v l d] adj. 有效的，合理的
【真句】Your card is valid during the whole time of your studies. 【2020天津】 你的卡在整个学习期间都是有效的。
vacation [v ke n] n. 假期
But the real turning point occurred on a vacation I took with my wife and five kids in 1951.【2012江苏阅读】真正的转折点发生在1951年我和妻子以及5个孩子一起休假的时候。
短语：on (a) vacation 在度假
I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.【2012全国二】如果我能获得足够的钱的话我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假
vacant [ ve k nt] adj. (座位，房屋，土地)空的，未被占用的；（职位）空缺的
Only a few apartments were vacant.【高考真句】只有一些公寓是空着的。
He was offered the position of headmaster when it fell apart. 【高考真句】校长职位空了以后给了他。
vague [ve ɡ] adj. 含糊的，不清楚的
it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains.【2015上海阅读】何地以及如何重新埋葬人类遗体时不清楚的。
vain [ve n]
短语：in vain 徒劳
I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.【2015江苏】我非常努力地去找该问题的解决措施，但是毫无结果。
valid [ v l d] adj. 有效的，合理的
Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid.【2013广东阅读】只有拥有有效的反对作弊的措施，互联网大学才能展示出他们的考试和文凭是有效的。
valley [ v l ] n. 山谷
value [ v lju ] n. 价值；价值观（必须用复数） v. 重视
One’s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.【2012江苏】只要一个人给他人的生命带来价值，那么那个人的生命就是有价值的。
People from different parts of the world have different values.【2012安徽阅读】来自世界不同地区的人们有不同的价值观。
She valued human feelings more than before.【2014四川阅读】她比以前更加重视人类的感受。
value的形容词形式：valuable [ v lj bl] 宝贵的，有价值的
Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.【2012辽宁阅读】周末给员工们宝贵的时间去休息和做点家务。
variety [v ra t ] n. 种类，多样性
同义词diversity n. 多样性 diverse adj. 多种多样的
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large.【2015湖南阅读】这家餐馆食物的种类是有限的，但是每份鱼的分量是非常大的。
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.【2014重庆改错】中国的食物以其多样性著称。
同义词：diversity n. 多样性
variety的形容词形式：various
various [ ve r s] adj. 多种多样的，不同的
We would see each other at various times and became friends.【2015浙江完形】我们在不同的时间相遇并且成为了朋友。
various的同义词：diverse
vase [ve s] n. (花)瓶
vast [vɑ st] adj. 巨大的，广阔的，广大的
Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.【2012北京阅读】这些荒野也履行着人类需要的功能——比如雨林可以储存大量的二氧化碳。
VCD n. 影碟光盘
veal [vi l] n. （食用）小牛肉
vegetable [ ved t bl] n. 蔬菜
vehicle [ vi kl] n. 交通工具
As wheel design took off, vehicle s got faster and faster.【2013重庆阅读】当轮子设计取得成功的时候，交通工具变得越来越快。
version [ v n] n. 版本；（某人对于某件事不同于别人的）描述，说法
The device went through several versions.【2014天津阅读】这个设备经历了好几个版本。
In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have following two choices.【2015上海阅读】在一个每个人都希望你去听他们说法的世界里，你只能有如下两个选择。
vertical [ v t kl] adj. 垂直的
vest [vest] n. 背心
via [ va ] prep. 经过；通过
The first program would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia.【2015江苏阅读】第一个项目可能经过越南和马来西亚将昆明和新加坡连接起来。
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website.【2013天津阅读】
有40个必须通过网站预定的分组研究教室
vice [va s] n. 恶习, 恶行
victim [ v kt m] n. 受害者
He is a victim of the American system.【2015山东阅读】他是美国体系的受害者。
短语 fall victim to 成为……的牺牲者
People easily fall victim to elephants' attacks.【2015上海阅读】人们很容易成为大象袭击的受害者。
victory [ v kt r ] n. 胜利
Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.【2013湖南阅读】不要被失败气馁，因为你永远无法判断你离胜利是多么的近。
victory的形容词形式：victorious adj. 胜利的
video [ v d ] n. 录像，视频
videophone ['vidi f n] n. 可视电话
view [vju ] n.风景；观点，看法；视力 v. 参观，观赏；看待
This view is shortsighted.【2014北京阅读】这个观点是目光短浅的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.【2015陕西阅读】我和朋友爬上山顶，在那儿我们欣赏到了壮观的湖景。
As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon.【2013陕西阅读】正如我所说的，有三种方式参观大峡谷。
This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.【2013江西阅读】这个做法在世界上大获成功，极大影响了我们看待IP权利的方式。
短语：in view of 鉴于，考虑到
Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change.【2013浙江阅读】环境主义者说这样的担心是不必要的，并且鉴于全球变暖那样的观点需要改变。.
view/see A as B把A看作B
Too often music is viewed as mere entertainment.【2014北京阅读】音乐经常被视作娱乐。
village [ v l d ] n. 村庄 village的另一名词形式：villager ['vilid ] n. 村民
vinegar ['vilid ] n. 醋
violate [ va le t] v. 违反，违背
Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for no bicycle registration. 【2012 天津阅读】除了在校园里骑自行车违背规则外，如果自行车没有登记的话也可能被罚款。
violate的名词形式：violation [ va 'le n] 违反，违背
violent [ va l nt] adj. 暴力的；强烈地；剧烈的
Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. [阅读]2013上海
They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently.【2014湖北完形】风又大又冷，剧烈地摇晃我们的露营车。
There was a violent storm in 2001.【2013天津阅读】2001年发生了强烈的风暴。
violent的名词形式：violence [ va l ns] n. 暴力
We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only leads to violence.【2012浙江】我们坚信战争不会解决任何事情，它只会导致暴力。
violin [va l n] n. 小提琴
violinist [va l n st] n. 提琴家
virtual [ v :t u l] adj. 虚拟的
virtue [ v tju ] n. 美德
virus [ va r s] n.病毒
visa [ vi z ] n. 签证，背签
visit [ v z t] n. v. 参观；拜访，看望；就诊（医生），咨询（律师）
Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.【2014重庆】当皮特收到朋友参观重庆的邀请的时候他非常高兴。
We’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.【2015福建】我们得到了短期参观美国的签证。
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Arizona.【2013全国一阅读】
上个星期我的小儿子和我看望了住在亚利桑那州新家的爸爸。
He visited a doctor.【2012湖北阅读】他去看医生了。
注意visit做名词时，后面要加to
visit的另一名词形式：visitor n. 访问者，参观者
visual [ v j l] adj. 视觉的
Its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.【2013湖南阅读】他的雕塑被断定在在创造力，技能和视觉影响方面是最好的。
vital [ va tl] adj. 极其重要的
It’s vital to protect the environment.【2015湖北阅读】保护环境是非常重要的
vivid [ v v d] adj. 生动的，清楚地
My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my father’s knee.【2015湖南阅读】我非常清楚的记得我被唤醒并且坐在爸爸的膝盖上。
It was the first time that my dream took on a vivid form.【2012北京完形】第一次我的梦想呈现出生动的形式。
vocabulary [v k bj l r ] n. 词汇
voice [v s] n. 说话声
volcano [v l ke n ] n. 火山
volleyball [v l ke n ] n. 排球
voluntary [ v l nt r ] adj. 志愿的；自愿的，主动的
It is most likely that the author asked previous volunteers about voluntary work.【2014广东阅读】
作者非常有可能问以前的志愿者一些志愿者工作。
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans.【2014湖南阅读】这个研究证明了这个事实：主动节食不是人类独有的习惯。
voluntary的名词形式：volunteer
volunteer [ v l n t ] n. 志愿者 v.自愿，主动
短语：volunteer to do 自愿做某事，主动做某事
It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.【2013江苏】
如果聚会之后我们都主动帮忙的话，清理工作就不会花太长时间。
vote [v t] v. n. 投票
I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.【2013福建阅读】在8月我被投票当选为进步最大的学生。
voyage [ v d ] n.（乘船或宇宙飞船的）旅行，航行
They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of adjustment is. 【2012上海完形】他们发现航行的时间持续的越长，调整的问题就越严重。
高考核心词汇与练习--- U
1. undertake v. 承担；许诺，答应
（1) She undertook ________ (pay) the money back in six months.
（2) That is one of the most challenge engineering projects they have ever ______.
A. undertaken B. understood C. focused on D. paid to
（3) Who do you think is the right person to ______ the task
A. undergo B. undertake C. understand D. underline
2. urge v. 竭力劝告；敦促；驱赶；推进 n. 冲动；迫切的要求
（1) There is an _________ (urge) need for food and water.
（2) Some countries understand the _________ (urge).
（3) They urged that the library _____ open during the vacation.
A. must be kept B. is kept C. would be kept D. be kept
（4) Since the matter was extremely ______, we dealt with it immediately.
A. tough B. tense C. urgent D. instant
3. under construction正在建设之中
（1）The road is __________________(在修复).
（2）I’m glad to see that you have everything ______________________(在控制中).
（3）A：The question is under discussion.
B：The question is________ ________.
（4）The firefighters soon got the fire in the building .
A．under attack B．under control
C．under construction D．under study
（5）The plan is currently .
A．discussed B．considered
C．under consideration D．under discuss
4. unless从句
（1）Owen wouldn’t eat anything______________________. 欧文不会吃任何东西，除非他自己做的。
（2）Don’t ask me to explain you really don’t understand.
A．unless B．until C．if D．when
（3） he has any objections，we will carry out the plan.
A．If B．Unless
C．Until D．That
高考核心词汇与练习--- V
1. various a. 各种各样的
（1) He didn’t come for a _________ (various) of reasons.
（2) Teaching methods _______ (various) greatly _______ school _______ school.
（3) More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _____ of goods.
A. variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination
（4) There are _____ flowers and trees shown in the park and _____ people go to have a look.
A. a plenty of; many B. varieties of; various of
C. various; many D. quite a few; quite a little
2. value n. 价值；重要性 v. 重视；尊重；估价
（1) Your watch is good value _________ the money.你的手表买得很值。
（2) The ______ of the book is great, and its ______ is very high, so its ______ is also very high.这本书的价值很大，成本很高，因此价格也很高。
（3) You’ll find the map of great ______ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
（4) He thought the painting was of little ______, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.
A. cost B. value C. price D. expense
3. voice n. 说话声；嗓音；发言权 v. 表达；吐露
（1) Her article _______________(表达) the anger felt by many local peole.
（2) She started screaming _____________________________(高声地).
（3) In order to be heard, he shouted in a loud ______.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. whisper
（4) Civil rights activists have ______ concern about the increase in surveillance cameras.
A. added B. represented C. gave D. voiced
4. view n. 观点；看法；视力；视野；风景 v. 考虑；看待；看
（1) The plane soon went ____________ view.那架飞机很快从视野里消失了。
（2) How important was it, _______________ (在你看来), that the two leaders had a god personal relationship
（3) One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good ______.
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
（4) Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _____ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.
A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as
7. vote v. 投票，表决；建议 n. 选票；投票；表决
（1) Did you vote ________ or _______ her 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？
（2) Fearing that most of the citizens voted _____ him, he _____ a smile.
A. for; performed B. for; managed C. against; controlled D. against; wore
（3) Yesterday we _____ Mr. Zhang the best teacher in our school.
A. shouted B. refused C. agreed D. voted
8. v. ing作结果状语
（1） The car was caught in a traffic jam，______________________. 这辆车遇到了交通堵塞，因此晚点了。
（2）The child fell，_________ his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤，头让门碰破了。
（3）The news shocked the public，_______________ great concern about students’ safety at school.
这个消息震惊了社会，引起了公众对在校学生安全的极大担忧。
（4）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year， a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A．have reached B．reaching
C．to reach D．to be reaching
（5）The World Expo Shanghai 2010 is more like a platform for cultural exchange，
people into closer contact with the rest of the world.
A．to bring B．bringing
C．brought D．having brought
9. v.-ing作定语
（1）我看到他进入了门朝南的那座房子。
a．I saw him enter the house facing the south.
b．I saw him enter the house which faced the south.
（2）Every week I would receive his letter telling (tell) me all about his school life.
(3)The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house.
(2) telling (3) rising
（4）A few days after the interview，I received a letter me admission to the university.
A．offering B．offered
C．having offered D．to be offered
（5）I smell something in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute
A．burning B．burnt
C．being burnt D．to be burnt
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)中小学教育资源及组卷应用平台
高考单词U与V（解析版）
目录
高考单词U 1
高考单词V 15
高考核心词汇与练习--- U 22
高考核心词汇与练习--- V 24
高考单词U
upset [ p set] a. 心烦的，苦恼的
【助记】up表示“向上”，set表示“向下”，心中七上八下，也就是烦躁不安，心烦了。
【真句】However, some high sugar brands, like Classic Coca Cola, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing to change for fear of upsetting consumers.【2022全国乙卷】然而，一些高糖品牌，如经典可口可乐，已经接受了含糖税，并因害怕扰乱消费者而拒绝改变。
【真句】I was upset to learn that many sea animals eat plastic garbage...【2021新高考2卷】得知很多海洋动物都吃塑料垃圾，我很难过...
【真句】He was upset, not about the Gameboy, but about the watch. 【2020北京卷】他很沮丧，不是为了游戏员，而是为了手表。
【真句】The task was so hard, and Steve, angry and upset, said he was quitting. 【2019江苏】 我任务如此艰巨，史蒂夫又生气又心烦地说他要辞职了。
ugly [ ɡl ] adj. 丑陋的，难看的
【真句】It’s jaw-dropping how much perfectly good food is thrown away — from “ugly” (but quite eatable) vegetables rejected by grocers to large amounts of uneaten dishes thrown into restaurant garbage cans.【2022新高考1卷】令人惊叹的是，美味的食物——从杂货商拒绝的“丑陋”（但相当容易吃）蔬菜到扔进餐厅垃圾桶里的大量未吃的菜肴。
【真句】It made me wonder why I had to wear his ugly clothes.【2014江苏阅读】这让我思考为什么我要穿他那难看的衣服。
umbrella [ m brel ] n. 雨伞
【真句】 It can be tough to begin and takes a little planning—running shoes by the front door, lunches made the night before, umbrellas on rainy days and hats on hot ones—but it's certainly worth trying.【2021.1浙江卷】开始可能很困难，需要一些计划——前门的跑鞋，前一天晚上的午餐，雨天的雨伞，炎热的帽子——但这确实值得一试。
【真句】This is real rain—your umbrella may protect you in a shower, but it won't keep you dry if 【2021新高考2卷】there is a full rainstorm.【2020海南】这是一场真正的雨——你的雨伞可能会在阵雨中保护你，但如果下大雨，它不会让你保持干燥。
unable [ n eb l] adj. 不能……的，不会……的 短语：
be unable to do sth不能做某事
【真句】With the young unable to afford to leave home and the old at risk of isolation（孤独）, more families are choosing to live together.【2020全国3】由于年轻人负担不起离家的费用，而老年人则面临着被隔离的风险（孤独），更多的家庭选择住在一起。
【真句】She was unable to speak good English.【2015广东阅读】她不能够说一口流利的英语。
【真句】Their inability to enjoy music set them apart from others.【2013上海阅读】他们无法享受音乐，这使他们与其他人不一样。
unbearable [ n be r bl] adj. 无法忍受的
【真句】My fatigue became almost unbearable.【2016天津】我累得几乎无法忍受。
【真句】If you don’t enjoy what you do, it is going to feel like unbearable pain.【2013广东阅读】如果你不喜欢你做的事情，你将会感受到无法忍受的痛苦。
unbelievable [ nb li v bl] adj. （好的或坏的）令人难以置信的
【真句】The Unbelievable Years that Defined History【2017江苏】定义历史的难以置信的岁月
【真句】It is unbelievable that Mr. Lucas leads a simple life despite his great wealth.【2014辽宁】
真是难以相信啊！尽管Lucas先生有很多钱，但他还过着如此简单的生活。
【真句】Those were incredible days.【2014浙江阅读】那些日子是令人难以置信的。
同义词incredible
uncertain [ n s :tn] adj. 不确定的
【真句】The uncertainty was starting to wear on us, so I wanted to do something special.【2021.3天津】不确定性开始压在我们身上，所以我想做一些特别的事情。
It is uncertain what side effect the medicine will bring about, although about two thousand patients have taken it.【2015浙江】尽管2000病人服用了这个药物，但是这个药物有什么副作用是不确定的。
uncertain的名词形式：uncertainty
uncle [ kl] n. 叔
uncomfortable [ n k mft bl] adj. 不舒服的
【真句】High intensity speakers are generally uncomfortable with moments of silence in conversation and consider talking at the same time a sign of engagement.【2023.2四省联考】高强度的演讲者通常对谈话中的沉默感到不舒服，同时认为说话是参与的标志。
【真句】He could have made what was already an uncomfortable situation worse.【2013陕西阅读】他可能使一个不舒服的状况变得更糟糕。
同义词awkward adj. 不舒服的(其还有尴尬的；笨拙的之意)
unconditional [ nk n d n l] adj. 无条件的
unconscious [ n k n s] adj. 失去知觉的；无意识的
【真句】In such a situation, I work as hard as I can — then let the unconscious take over.【2016天津阅读】在这种情况下，我尽可能地努力地工作——然后让无意识接管。
【真句】In the weeks that followed, the solution which had come up in my unconscious mind provided correct at every step.【2016天津阅读】在接下来的那几周，在我无意识的脑海中出现的解决措施在每一步都证明是正确的。
【真句】The dog had initially been knocked unconscious.【2015陕西阅读】那只狗一开始被撞的失去知觉了。
underground [ nd ɡra nd] adj. 地下的 adv. 在地下的 n. 地铁（同义词 tube subway地铁）
【真句】Tour highlights include the Roman city of Dougga, the underground Numidian capital at Bulla Regia, Roman Sbeitla and the remote areas around Tataouine and Matmata, uique for underground cities. 【2020全国3】游览重点包括罗马城市道加、努米迪亚地下首都布拉里加、罗马斯贝特拉以及塔托尤因和马塔塔周围的偏远地区，这些地区是地下城市的代表地。
【真句】The underground water in Saudi Arabia might run out in 50 years.【2015安徽阅读】沙特的地下水可能在50年后被用光。
underline [ nd la n] v. 下划线；强调
【真句】To serve its function, a book must be activated by a user: the cover opened, the pages parted, the contents reviewed, perhaps notes written down or words underlined. 【2023新高考2卷】为了发挥它的功能，一本书必须被用户激活：封面打开了，页面分开了，内容被评论了，也许是写下的笔记或下划线的文字。
【真句】What does the underlined word “amiss” in the first paragraph mean 【2014四川阅读】下划线单词amiss在第一段是什么意思？
【真句】It underlines a fact that is often neglected.【2014上海阅读】它强调一个经常被忽略的事实。
understand [ nd st nd] v. 明白，理解
【真句】As a child, Adeline couldn't understand why the medal was so significant.【2019浙江】作为一个孩子，阿德琳不明白为什么奖牌如此重要。
【真句】The more understandable the story, the less realistic it is.【2015四川阅读】故事约容易被理解就越不现实。
understand的形容词形式：understandable 可理解的；易于理解的
understand的名词形式understanding n. 理解
undertake [ nd te k] v.承担，从事；undertake to do 承诺做某事，答应做某事
【真句】Most schools undertake programs of group or individual educational support.【2012福建阅读】大多数学校都承担着团队或个人教育支持项目。
【真句】The United Nations Organiztion(UNO) could undertake to direct the distribution of aid.【2013江西阅读】联合国组织可以承诺指导援助的分配。
underwear[ nd we ] n. 内衣
undivided [ nd va d d] adj. 未分开的；完整的，全部的
undo [ n du ] v. 解开，打开
unemployment [ n m pl m nt] n. 失业，失业人数
【真句】Schools across China are expected to hire 50,000 college graduates this year as short-term teachers, to help reduce unemployment pressures.【2014江苏】今年整个中国的学校预计会雇佣50000名毕业生作为短期的老师以减少失业压力。
unfair [ n fe ] adj. 不公平的,不公正的
【真句】At no time did they actually break the rules of the game. It was unfair to punish them.【2013辽宁阅读】他们实际上没有破坏游戏规则，惩罚他们是不公平的。
unfit [ n f t] adj. 不合适的，不健康的
【真句】He was judged unfit to return to sea and took a shore job in Glasgow for the rest of the war.【2015湖南阅读】他被断定不适合再次返回海上，因此在战争的余年他在格拉斯哥的海岸边工作。
unfold [ n f ld] v. 展现，呈现；打开
【真句】Ten months later, that chance unfolded as I found myself sitting in the headmaster’s office with my grandfather.【2012北京阅读】10个月后当我和爷爷坐在校长办公室的时候那个机会到来了。
【真句】He unfolded the map.【高考真句】他打开地图。
unfortunate [ n f ld] adj. 不幸的
【真句】Unfortunately, we’ve all been victims of betrayal.【2016全国一七选五阅读】不幸的是，我们都是背叛的受害者。
unhappy [ n h pi] adj. 不高兴的
unhealthy [ n helθ ] adj.不健康的,不卫生的
uniform [ ju n f m] n. 制服，校服 adj. 一致的，相同的
【真句】As I watched him take off his basketball uniform and replace it with a baseball uniform, I saw him leaving behind the layer that no longer served him, just as our lizard had. 【2021.3天津卷】当我看着他脱下篮球服，换上棒球服时，我看到他离开了不再为他服务的那一层，就像我们的蜥蜴一样。
【真句】It is hardly surprising that clothing manufacturers follow certain uniform standards for various features of clothes.【2015重庆阅读】对于衣服的不同特征衣服制造商遵循某些相同的标准，这几乎不令人惊讶。
unite [ju na t] v. 联合，团结
【真句】Even Canada and the United States chose national histories as the second-most important factor uniting their people. The biggest surprise Not one country picked religion as its top choice.【2012陕西阅读】甚至加拿大和美国都选择国家历史作为团结他们人民的第二重要因素。
unite的名词形式：union n. 联合
【真句】Union is strength.【2015福建写作】联合就是力量。
unite的形容词形式：united adj. 联合的
【真句】United efforts are necessary for the development of science.【2014重庆阅读】联合的努力对于科学的发展是必要的。
unique [ju ni:k] adj. 特别的；独特的
【真句】Liverpool, my hometown, is a unique city.【2014重庆阅读】我的家乡利物浦是一个特别的城市
【真句】When people attend a concert, they are paying for music, sure, maybe even hotel rooms, meals, and transport, but they also gain an incredible experience, a unique atmosphere and a memory that will go through the rest of their lives. 【2021年6月天津卷】当人们参加音乐会时，他们会为音乐付费，当然，甚至可能是酒店房间、餐饮和交通，但他们也会获得令人难以置信的体验、独特的氛围和将贯穿其余生的记忆。
短语：unique to sb/sth 某人或某物独有的
【真句】Body language is unique to humans.【2015江西阅读】身体语言是人类独有的。
【真句】These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.【2019全国1.】这些模式对每个人来说都是独一无二的。因此，键盘可以决定人们的身份，进而决定是否应该让他们访问与之相连的计算机，而不管是否有人获得了正确的密码。
unit [ ju n t] n. 单元，单位
【真句】PASS involves weekly sessions where you work in groups to tackle specially prepared problem sets, based around a unit of study you’re enrolled in.【2022年6月北京卷】PASS涉及每周的会议，你在小组中工作，以解决特别准备的问题集，基于你注册的一个单元的研究。
universal [ju n v sl] adj. 普遍的，全体的
【真句】In short, the data show that facial expressions are not universal signals of human emotion.【2015湖南阅读】总而言之，这个数据表明面部表情不是人类情感的普遍信号。
universe [ ju:n v :s] n. 宇宙 （前面一定要加冠词the）
university [ ju:n v :s ti] n. 大学 （前面不能加冠词a）
【真句】Salah Sukkarieh, a professor at the University of Sydney, sees robots as necessary given how cattlemen are aging. 【2021年6月新高考二卷】
unknown [ n no n] adj. 未知的；不出名的
【真句】Don’t dive into unknown waters.【2013安徽阅读】不要潜入未知水域。
【真句】The Museum will exhibit the objects accumulated by unknown collectors.【2014安徽阅读】这个博物馆将会展出由不出名的收藏家积累的物品。
短语：unknown to sb 不为某人所知的
【真句】Her contribution was unknown to the public.【2014浙江阅读】她的贡献不为公众所知
unless [ n les] conj. 除非
【真句】It sounds crazy to talk about guilt-free fur—unless you understand that the nutria are destroying vast wetlands every year.【2020全国2.】如果你不明白海狸鼠每年都在破坏广阔的湿地，那么谈论无负罪感的皮毛听起来很疯狂。
unlike [ n la k] prep 不同于，不像
【真句】But unlike most collectors, Zac tracks down the medals' frightful owners, and returns them.【2019浙江】但与大多数收藏家不同的是，扎克追踪到奖牌的可怕的主人，并将其归还。
unlikely [ n la kli] adj. 不可能的
短语：be unlikely to do sth不可能做某事
【真句】Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet where life has developed gradually.【2015福建】霍金认为地球不可能是唯一一个生命逐渐形成的星球。
unmarried [ n m r d] adj. 未婚的
unpleasant [ n pleznt] adj. 使人不愉快的
【真句】An unpleasant smell floated into my nose as the bowl of fried stinky tofu （臭豆腐）settled onto my grandmother's dinner table.【2019.3天津】当一碗油炸臭豆腐落在奶奶的餐桌上时，一股难闻的气味飘进了我的鼻子。
unrest [ n rest] n. 不安；骚动
unsafe [ n se f] adj. 不安全的
unsuccessful [ ns k sesf l] adj. 不成功,失败的
【真句】After several frustrating hours of unsuccessful attempts to fix it, my husband suggested watching the Michael Jordan documentary（纪录片）series The Last Dance.【2021.3天津卷】经过几个小时失败的尝试后，我丈夫建议看迈克尔·乔丹的纪录片(纪录片）系列《最后的舞蹈》。
until [ n t l] prep. conj. 直到…为止
【真句】I didn't think about it much until a morning last week when I knocked my favorite teapot off the table.【2021.3天津卷】直到上周的一个早上，我把我最喜欢的茶壶从桌子上摔下来，我才仔细考虑过这件事。
not…until…直到….才……
I can’t repair these until tomorrow.【2013江苏】我直到明天才能修这些东西
untrue [ n tru ] adj. 不真实的
unusual [ n ju l] adj. 不平常的，异常的
【真句】The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology（MIT）have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions. 【2020全国1】麻省理工学院（MIT）的工程师们进一步改变了植物的实际组成，以使它们发挥不同的，甚至是不寻常的功能。
unwilling [ n w l ] adj. 不愿意的
【真句】At this point the unwilling parent speaks up, "Alright. Yes, I'll do it."【2019全国2.】此时，不情愿的家长大声说道：“好吧，是的，我会做的。”
短语be unwilling/reluctant to do 不情愿做某事
2019全国2They were unwilling to reduce their energy.【2013辽宁阅读】他们不愿意减少能源。
unwilling的名词形式：unwillingness 不情愿
同义词reluctant
update [ p de t] v. n. 更新
【真句】If you do not receive any update within six months, it means that your application has not been successful.【2021年6月北京卷】如果您在六个月内没有收到任何更新，这意味着您的申请没有成功。
【真句】Teachers have to constantly update their knowledge in order to maintain their professional competence.【2015江苏】为了保持专业能力老师不得不持续更新他们的知识。
update的形容词形式：updated 更新的
upper [ p ] adj. 较高的；较高级的
【真句】During the training stage, each dog was shown only the upper half or the lower half of the person's face.【2021年6月浙江卷】在训练阶段，每只狗只看到人脸的上半部或下半部。
【真句】The library’s upper floor is mainly for students to read.【2013天津阅读】图书馆的上层是给学生们读书用的。
upset [ p set] adj. 不安的；不高兴的 v. 使不高兴
【真句】Tenyson became very upset about what had happened to the couple.【2014福建阅读】Tenyson对于小两口所发生的事情感到不安。
【真句】I know how upset you must be.【2015浙江阅读】我知道你是多么的生气
【真句】Keep in mind that forgiveness does not necessarily mean becoming friends again with the person who upset you.【2013辽宁阅读】记住原谅未必意味着和那个让你生气地人再次成为朋友。
upstairs [ p ste z] adv. 在楼上,到楼上
【真句】 I was ordered to carry bookcases upstairs and, once, to move a piano from one side of a room to the other. 【2019.6上海】我奉命把书橱搬到楼上去，还有一次，把钢琴从房间的一边挪到另一边。
upward [ pw d] adv. 向上，往上
urban [ b n] adj. 城市的
【真句】We focus on urban areas where access to nature is often not that easy.【2022年6月浙江卷】我们关注的是城市地区，那里的自然环境往往不是那么容易。
【真句】In 1990, fewer than 40% of Americans lived in urban areas.【2013北京阅读】在1990年少于40%的美国人生活在城区。
urge [ d ] v. 催促，力劝；推动 n. 强烈的欲望，迫切的要求
【真句】Firms are urged to cut carbon emissions by shoppers’ environmental awareness.【2015福建阅读】
顾客的环保意识可能会催促公司减少碳排放。
【真句】The urge to develop the ecosystem services is strong.【2012北京阅读】开发生态系统服务的欲望非常强烈。
urge sb to do敦促某人做某事，力劝某人做某事
【真句】A student whose friends are good at academics may be urged to study harder and get good grades. 【2014江苏阅读】那些有成绩优异的朋友的学生可能被推动去好好学习并且获得好的分数。
urge的形容词形式：urgent [ d nt] adj. 紧急的，急迫的
【真句】She had got to head home to deal with some urgent situations.【2013全国一阅读】她不得不回家去做一些紧急的事情。
use [ju z] n. v. 用，利用，使用
【真句】As we develop more advanced Al technology, we would then have to use new ways of communicating with that technology.【2021年6月天津卷】随着我们开发更先进的铝技术，我们将不得不使用与该技术沟通的新方式。
短语：use up 用光，用尽 同义词run out of
【真句】The child has used up their daily allowance.【2012山东阅读】那个小孩用光了每天的零花钱。
make use of 使用
She made use of the contents of other classes in her teaching.【2012山东阅读】
在教学当中他使用了其它课堂的内容。
used to do 过去常常做某事
The law in almost all states used to require stores to close on Sunday.【2014湖北阅读】
几乎每个州的法律过去都要求商店在周日停止营业。
be used to do 被用来做
I am repeatedly exposed to the basic words and learn how they are used to explain objects and ideas.【2015辽宁完形】我不断地接触这些基础知识并且了解了他们是怎样被用来解释东西和想法的。
be used to doing 习惯于
People aren’t used to making an unprepared chat with a stranger.【2015湖南完形】人们并不习惯和陌生人做无准备的谈话。
it’s no use doing 做某事时没有用的
It’s no use complaining without taking action.【2015上海】光抱怨不采取行动时没用的。
use的三个形容词形式：used用过的，二手的；useful有用的，有益的useless无用的
use的另一个名词形式：user 使用者，用户
used [ju:st] adj. 用过的，二手的
【真句】Our class came up with the idea to make better use of used materials.【2016北京书面表达】
我们班相处了一个更好利用二手材料的想法。
useful [ ju sf l] adj. 有用的
【真句】Michael Kelsey Paris, vice president of the Oklahoma Cattlemen's Association, said a robot could be extremely useful given rising concerns about cattle theft.【2021年6月新高考二卷】俄克拉何马州畜牧业协会副主席迈克尔·凯尔西·帕里斯（Michael Kelsey Paris）表示，鉴于人们对偷牛的担忧日益加剧，机器人可能会非常有用。
【真句】Graphs can be a very useful tool for conveying information【2015浙江阅读】表格在传递信息方面是非常有用的。
useless [ ju sl s] adj. 无用的
【真句】They hadn’t been useless.【2015辽宁阅读】他们以前并不是没有用的
user [ ju z ] n. 使用者；用户
Their users consist largely of kids under 20 years old.【2016上海阅读】他们的用户主要由20岁以下的孩子组成的。
usual [ ju l] adj. 通常的，平常的
Last night Mr. Crook didn’t come back at the usual time. Instead, he met some friends and stayed out until midnight.【2013湖南】昨晚库克先生没有在通常的时间回家。相反，他去见朋友了并且在外面呆到半夜。
It has little to do with the usual challenges, such as flood, rising fuel prices and crop-eating insects.【2012江苏阅读】这与平常的挑战无关，如洪水，上升的油价和吃庄稼的虫子。
短语 as usual 和往常一样
As usual I ran into something.【2012广东阅读】和往常一样，我撞上了某个东西。
反义词：unusual 异常的，不平常的
高考单词V
valid [ v l d] adj. 有效的，合理的
【真句】Your card is valid during the whole time of your studies. 【2020天津】 你的卡在整个学习期间都是有效的。
vacation [v ke n] n. 假期
But the real turning point occurred on a vacation I took with my wife and five kids in 1951.【2012江苏阅读】真正的转折点发生在1951年我和妻子以及5个孩子一起休假的时候。
短语：on (a) vacation 在度假
I’m going to Europe on vacation together with John if I can find the money.【2012全国二】如果我能获得足够的钱的话我将和约翰一起去欧洲度假
vacant [ ve k nt] adj. (座位，房屋，土地)空的，未被占用的；（职位）空缺的
Only a few apartments were vacant.【高考真句】只有一些公寓是空着的。
He was offered the position of headmaster when it fell apart. 【高考真句】校长职位空了以后给了他。
vague [ve ɡ] adj. 含糊的，不清楚的
it is vague about where and how to rebury human remains.【2015上海阅读】何地以及如何重新埋葬人类遗体时不清楚的。
vain [ve n]
短语：in vain 徒劳
I have tried very hard to find a solution to the problem, but in vain.【2015江苏】我非常努力地去找该问题的解决措施，但是毫无结果。
valid [ v l d] adj. 有效的，合理的
Only with solid measures against cheating, experts say, can Internet universities show that their exams and diplomas are valid.【2013广东阅读】只有拥有有效的反对作弊的措施，互联网大学才能展示出他们的考试和文凭是有效的。
valley [ v l ] n. 山谷
value [ v lju ] n. 价值；价值观（必须用复数） v. 重视
One’s life has value as long as one brings value to the life of others.【2012江苏】只要一个人给他人的生命带来价值，那么那个人的生命就是有价值的。
People from different parts of the world have different values.【2012安徽阅读】来自世界不同地区的人们有不同的价值观。
She valued human feelings more than before.【2014四川阅读】她比以前更加重视人类的感受。
value的形容词形式：valuable [ v lj bl] 宝贵的，有价值的
Weekends give the crew valuable time to rest and do a few hours of housework.【2012辽宁阅读】周末给员工们宝贵的时间去休息和做点家务。
variety [v ra t ] n. 种类，多样性
同义词diversity n. 多样性 diverse adj. 多种多样的
The variety of food at the restaurant is limited, but the amount of each dish is fairly large.【2015湖南阅读】这家餐馆食物的种类是有限的，但是每份鱼的分量是非常大的。
Chinese food is famous for its wide variety.【2014重庆改错】中国的食物以其多样性著称。
同义词：diversity n. 多样性
variety的形容词形式：various
various [ ve r s] adj. 多种多样的，不同的
We would see each other at various times and became friends.【2015浙江完形】我们在不同的时间相遇并且成为了朋友。
various的同义词：diverse
vase [ve s] n. (花)瓶
vast [vɑ st] adj. 巨大的，广阔的，广大的
Some of these wildernesses also perform functions that humans need—the rainforests, for example, store carbon in vast quantities.【2012北京阅读】这些荒野也履行着人类需要的功能——比如雨林可以储存大量的二氧化碳。
VCD n. 影碟光盘
veal [vi l] n. （食用）小牛肉
vegetable [ ved t bl] n. 蔬菜
vehicle [ vi kl] n. 交通工具
As wheel design took off, vehicle s got faster and faster.【2013重庆阅读】当轮子设计取得成功的时候，交通工具变得越来越快。
version [ v n] n. 版本；（某人对于某件事不同于别人的）描述，说法
The device went through several versions.【2014天津阅读】这个设备经历了好几个版本。
In a world where everyone wants you to listen to their version, you only have following two choices.【2015上海阅读】在一个每个人都希望你去听他们说法的世界里，你只能有如下两个选择。
vertical [ v t kl] adj. 垂直的
vest [vest] n. 背心
via [ va ] prep. 经过；通过
The first program would possibly connect Kunming with Singapore via Vietnam and Malaysia.【2015江苏阅读】第一个项目可能经过越南和马来西亚将昆明和新加坡连接起来。
There are 40 group-study rooms that must be booked via the website.【2013天津阅读】
有40个必须通过网站预定的分组研究教室
vice [va s] n. 恶习, 恶行
victim [ v kt m] n. 受害者
He is a victim of the American system.【2015山东阅读】他是美国体系的受害者。
短语 fall victim to 成为……的牺牲者
People easily fall victim to elephants' attacks.【2015上海阅读】人们很容易成为大象袭击的受害者。
victory [ v kt r ] n. 胜利
Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell how close you may be to victory.【2013湖南阅读】不要被失败气馁，因为你永远无法判断你离胜利是多么的近。
victory的形容词形式：victorious adj. 胜利的
video [ v d ] n. 录像，视频
videophone ['vidi f n] n. 可视电话
view [vju ] n.风景；观点，看法；视力 v. 参观，观赏；看待
This view is shortsighted.【2014北京阅读】这个观点是目光短浅的。
I walked up to the top of the hill with my friends, where we enjoyed a splendid view of the lake.【2015陕西阅读】我和朋友爬上山顶，在那儿我们欣赏到了壮观的湖景。
As I said, there are three ways to view the Grand Canyon.【2013陕西阅读】正如我所说的，有三种方式参观大峡谷。
This practice has now taken the world by storm, dramatically affecting the way in which we view IP rights.【2013江西阅读】这个做法在世界上大获成功，极大影响了我们看待IP权利的方式。
短语：in view of 鉴于，考虑到
Environmentalists say such worries are not necessary, and in view of global warming, that idea needs to change.【2013浙江阅读】环境主义者说这样的担心是不必要的，并且鉴于全球变暖那样的观点需要改变。.
view/see A as B把A看作B
Too often music is viewed as mere entertainment.【2014北京阅读】音乐经常被视作娱乐。
village [ v l d ] n. 村庄 village的另一名词形式：villager ['vilid ] n. 村民
vinegar ['vilid ] n. 醋
violate [ va le t] v. 违反，违背
Besides violating rules while riding bicycles on campus, you could be fined for no bicycle registration. 【2012 天津阅读】除了在校园里骑自行车违背规则外，如果自行车没有登记的话也可能被罚款。
violate的名词形式：violation [ va 'le n] 违反，违背
violent [ va l nt] adj. 暴力的；强烈地；剧烈的
Children watch adult sports games and see violent behavior replayed over and over on television. [阅读]2013上海
They were strong and cold, rocking our little camping truck violently.【2014湖北完形】风又大又冷，剧烈地摇晃我们的露营车。
There was a violent storm in 2001.【2013天津阅读】2001年发生了强烈的风暴。
violent的名词形式：violence [ va l ns] n. 暴力
We firmly believe that war never settles anything. It only leads to violence.【2012浙江】我们坚信战争不会解决任何事情，它只会导致暴力。
violin [va l n] n. 小提琴
violinist [va l n st] n. 提琴家
virtual [ v :t u l] adj. 虚拟的
virtue [ v tju ] n. 美德
virus [ va r s] n.病毒
visa [ vi z ] n. 签证，背签
visit [ v z t] n. v. 参观；拜访，看望；就诊（医生），咨询（律师）
Peter was so excited when he received an invitation from his friend to visit Chongqing.【2014重庆】当皮特收到朋友参观重庆的邀请的时候他非常高兴。
We’ve got our visas for a short-term visit to the UK this summer.【2015福建】我们得到了短期参观美国的签证。
Last week my youngest son and I visited my father at his new home in Arizona.【2013全国一阅读】
上个星期我的小儿子和我看望了住在亚利桑那州新家的爸爸。
He visited a doctor.【2012湖北阅读】他去看医生了。
注意visit做名词时，后面要加to
visit的另一名词形式：visitor n. 访问者，参观者
visual [ v j l] adj. 视觉的
Its sculpture was judged the best for creativity, technical skills and visual impact.【2013湖南阅读】他的雕塑被断定在在创造力，技能和视觉影响方面是最好的。
vital [ va tl] adj. 极其重要的
It’s vital to protect the environment.【2015湖北阅读】保护环境是非常重要的
vivid [ v v d] adj. 生动的，清楚地
My most vivid memory is being woken and brought down to sit on my father’s knee.【2015湖南阅读】我非常清楚的记得我被唤醒并且坐在爸爸的膝盖上。
It was the first time that my dream took on a vivid form.【2012北京完形】第一次我的梦想呈现出生动的形式。
vocabulary [v k bj l r ] n. 词汇
voice [v s] n. 说话声
volcano [v l ke n ] n. 火山
volleyball [v l ke n ] n. 排球
voluntary [ v l nt r ] adj. 志愿的；自愿的，主动的
It is most likely that the author asked previous volunteers about voluntary work.【2014广东阅读】
作者非常有可能问以前的志愿者一些志愿者工作。
The research has proved the fact that voluntary dieting is a habit far from exclusive to humans.【2014湖南阅读】这个研究证明了这个事实：主动节食不是人类独有的习惯。
voluntary的名词形式：volunteer
volunteer [ v l n t ] n. 志愿者 v.自愿，主动
短语：volunteer to do 自愿做某事，主动做某事
It shouldn’t take long to clear up after the party if we all volunteer to help.【2013江苏】
如果聚会之后我们都主动帮忙的话，清理工作就不会花太长时间。
vote [v t] v. n. 投票
I was voted most improved pupil at school in August.【2013福建阅读】在8月我被投票当选为进步最大的学生。
voyage [ v d ] n.（乘船或宇宙飞船的）旅行，航行
They have found that the longer the voyage lasts, the more serious the problem of adjustment is. 【2012上海完形】他们发现航行的时间持续的越长，调整的问题就越严重。
高考核心词汇与练习--- U
1. undertake v. 承担；许诺，答应
（1) She undertook ________ (pay) the money back in six months.
【答案】to pay
（2) That is one of the most challenge engineering projects they have ever ______.
A. undertaken B. understood C. focused on D. paid to
【答案】答案 A解析：undertake“承担；从事”，符合句意，此处需要用过去分词形式，故B项错误。
（3) Who do you think is the right person to ______ the task
A. undergo B. undertake C. understand D. underline
【答案】答案 B解析：undertake the task表示“承担任务”为固定搭配。A、C、D均不与the task构成有意义的词组。
2. urge v. 竭力劝告；敦促；驱赶；推进 n. 冲动；迫切的要求
（1) There is an _________ (urge) need for food and water.
（2) Some countries understand the _________ (urge).
【答案】(1) urgent (2) urgency
（3) They urged that the library _____ open during the vacation.
A. must be kept B. is kept C. would be kept D. be kept
【答案】答案 D解析：urge后的宾语从句中常用虚拟语气，即(should) do。
（4) Since the matter was extremely ______, we dealt with it immediately.
A. tough B. tense C. urgent D. instant
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：由于事情非常紧急，我们当即进行了处理。urgent“紧急的”，tough“硬的”；tense“紧张的”；instant“迅速的”。
3. under construction正在建设之中
（1）The road is __________________(在修复).
（2）I’m glad to see that you have everything ______________________(在控制中).
（3）A：The question is under discussion.
B：The question is________ ________.
【答案】(1) under repair (2) under control (3) being discussed
（4）The firefighters soon got the fire in the building .
A．under attack B．under control
C．under construction D．under study
【答案】答案 B
解析 句意为：消防队员很快就控制住了楼里的大火。get...under control使……在控制中。
（5）The plan is currently .
A．discussed B．considered
C．under consideration D．under discuss
【答案】答案 C
解析 句意为：这个计划目前正在审议中。under consideration在考虑中，符合句意。
4. unless从句
（1）Owen wouldn’t eat anything______________________. 欧文不会吃任何东西，除非他自己做的。
【答案】unless he cooked it himself
（2）Don’t ask me to explain you really don’t understand.
A．unless B．until C．if D．when
【答案】答案 A
解析 句意为：不要让我解释，除非你真的不明白。unless连词，意为“除非”。
（3） he has any objections，we will carry out the plan.
A．If B．Unless
C．Until D．That
【答案】答案 B
解析 句意为：除非他反对，否则我们将执行这一计划。unless连词，意为“除非，如果不”。
高考核心词汇与练习--- V
1. various a. 各种各样的
（1) He didn’t come for a _________ (various) of reasons.
（2) Teaching methods _______ (various) greatly _______ school _______ school.
【答案】(1) variety (2) vary ; from ; to
（3) More and more people choose to shop in a supermarket as it offers a great _____ of goods.
A. variety B. mixture C. extension D. combination
【答案】答案 A解析：a variety of“各种各样的”。
（4) There are _____ flowers and trees shown in the park and _____ people go to have a look.
A. a plenty of; many B. varieties of; various of
C. various; many D. quite a few; quite a little
【答案】答案 C解析：various “不同种类的”“各种各样的”，作定语相当于a variety of或varieties of，B项搭配不对。
2. value n. 价值；重要性 v. 重视；尊重；估价
（1) Your watch is good value _________ the money.你的手表买得很值。
（2) The ______ of the book is great, and its ______ is very high, so its ______ is also very high.这本书的价值很大，成本很高，因此价格也很高。
【答案】(1) for (2) value ; cost ; price
（3) You’ll find the map of great ______ in helping you to get round London.
A. price B. cost C. value D. usefulness
【答案】答案 C解析：句意：这张地图在帮助你游览伦敦方面很有价值。price和cost的意思都是“价格”；value“价值”，可指市场交换价值，物质的使用价值，某物的“value”常以人的主观见解的改变而改变；usefulness的意思是“有用”。
（4) He thought the painting was of little ______, so he let me have it for only ten pounds.
A. cost B. value C. price D. expense
【答案】答案 B解析：value“价值”，指事物本身的价值；cost“价格，成本”，指用来支付购买某种商品的费用；price“价格，价钱”，指人为规定的某种商品的价格；expense“花费”，指金钱、时间、精力等的花费。
3. voice n. 说话声；嗓音；发言权 v. 表达；吐露
（1) Her article _______________(表达) the anger felt by many local peole.
（2) She started screaming _____________________________(高声地).
【答案】(1) gave voice to (2) at the top of her voice
（3) In order to be heard, he shouted in a loud ______.
A. sound B. voice C. noise D. whisper
【答案】答案 B解析：in a loud voice为固定搭配，意为“大声地”。
（4) Civil rights activists have ______ concern about the increase in surveillance cameras.
A. added B. represented C. gave D. voiced
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：民权活动家已经表达了对监视摄像机数量增长的担忧。voice动词，意为“表达”，符合题意。
4. view n. 观点；看法；视力；视野；风景 v. 考虑；看待；看
（1) The plane soon went ____________ view.那架飞机很快从视野里消失了。
（2) How important was it, _______________ (在你看来), that the two leaders had a god personal relationship
【答案】(1) out of (2) in your view
（3) One of the advantages of living on the top floor of a high rise is that you can get a good ______.
A. sight B. scene C. view D. look
【答案】答案 C解析：view强调从某一角度看到的景色。
（4) Studies show that the things that contribute most to a sense of happiness cannot be bought, _____ a good family life, friendship and work satisfaction.
A. as for B. in view of C. in case of D. such as
【答案】答案 D解析：空格后是列举了一系列的事物来说明前面的the things，故用such as“例如”来列举。
7. vote v. 投票，表决；建议 n. 选票；投票；表决
（1) Did you vote ________ or _______ her 你投了她的赞成票还是反对票？
【答案】for ; against
（2) Fearing that most of the citizens voted _____ him, he _____ a smile.
A. for; performed B. for; managed C. against; controlled D. against; wore
【答案】答案 D解析：句意：因担心大多数人投票反对他，他脸上总是流露出微笑。vote against“投票反对”；wear“脸上流露出（表情）”。
（3) Yesterday we _____ Mr. Zhang the best teacher in our school.
A. shouted B. refused C. agreed D. voted
【答案】答案 D解析：vote在此意为“投……的票”，其他三项不合语境。
8. v. ing作结果状语
（1） The car was caught in a traffic jam，______________________. 这辆车遇到了交通堵塞，因此晚点了。
（2）The child fell，_________ his head against the door and cutting it.那小孩摔了一跤，头让门碰破了。
（3）The news shocked the public，_______________ great concern about students’ safety at school.
这个消息震惊了社会，引起了公众对在校学生安全的极大担忧。
【答案】(1) thus causing the delay (2) striking (3) leading to
（4）Oil prices have risen by 32 percent since the start of the year， a record US $57.65 a barrel on April 4.
A．have reached B．reaching
C．to reach D．to be reaching
【答案】答案 B
解析 现在分词短语在句中作结果状语。
（5）The World Expo Shanghai 2010 is more like a platform for cultural exchange，
people into closer contact with the rest of the world.
A．to bring B．bringing
C．brought D．having brought
【答案】答案 B
解析 现在分词短语作结果状语，由于bring和句中的谓语动词表示的动作同时发生，故选B项。
9. v.-ing作定语
（1）我看到他进入了门朝南的那座房子。
a．I saw him enter the house facing the south.
b．I saw him enter the house which faced the south.
（2）Every week I would receive his letter telling (tell) me all about his school life.
(3)The next thing he saw was smoke rising (rise) from behind the house.
【答案】(1) a.facing the south b.which faced the south
(2) telling (3) rising
（4）A few days after the interview，I received a letter me admission to the university.
A．offering B．offered
C．having offered D．to be offered
【答案】答案 A
解析 现在分词短语作定语，由于letter和offer为主谓关系，故用主动形式。
（5）I smell something in the kitchen.Can I call you back in a minute
A．burning B．burnt
C．being burnt D．to be burnt
【答案】答案 A
解析 现在分词短语作宾补。
21世纪教育网 www.21cnjy.com 精品试卷·第 2 页 （共 2 页）
21世纪教育网(www.21cnjy.com)
