Unit 10 Connections>Lesson 1 How Closely Connected Are We?语法 过去时被动语态 导学案（无答案）-2024-2025学年高中英语北师大版选择性

邓州市 高二 年级 英语 (学科)导学案 编号： 6
设计人： 审核人： 课型：语法课 班级： 姓名： 小组：
课题： U10 过去时中的被动语态 第 1 课时
学习目标: 1.学习过时中的被动语态各种结构及表达的意义 2.能在不同语境中准确运用过去时被动语态
1．被动语态的概念 语态是动词的一种形式，用来表示主语和谓语之间的关系。当主语是谓语动作的执行者时，为主动语态；当主语是谓语动作的承受者时，为被动语态。 即学即练1　完成句子 ①The book ________________________ (已经借出去了) when I got to the library. ②He ________________________________ (被嘲笑) by all people around him. ③Two paintings displayed in the gallery ________________________ (被卖出) yesterday. ④Several factories ________________________________ (在郊区被建造) before a school was set up. 2．被动语态的构成 (1)被动语态由“助动词be＋及物动词的过去分词”构成，时态通过助动词be表现出来。 Many trees were planted on the hill yesterday. 昨天山上种了许多树。 ①现在进行时的被动语态：am/is/are＋being＋及物动词的过去分词 A new teaching building is being built in our school. 我们学校正在建一栋新的教学楼。 ②含情态动词的被动语态：情态动词＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 Your homework must be handed in now. 你的家庭作业必须现在上交。 (2)过去时包括一般过去时、过去进行时、过去将来时和过去完成时，其被动语态分述如下： ①一般过去时：was/were＋及物动词的过去分词 Quite a few masterpieces painted by the famous painter were displayed in the gallery last week. 这位著名画家画的许多杰作上周在美术馆里展出了。 ②过去进行时：was/were＋being＋及物动词的过去分词 A new factory was being built in our city at that time. 那时我们城市正在建一座新工厂。 ③过去将来时： a．would/should＋be＋及物动词的过去分词 b．was/were＋going to be＋及物动词的过去分词 They told us that the conflict would be settled soon and the plan would be carried out as planned. 他们告诉我们，冲突将很快得到解决，计划将按计划执行。 He thought that your watch was going to be mended after an hour. 他认为你的表一小时后就会被修。 ④过去完成时：had＋been＋及物动词的过去分词 He said that some new factories had been built in the city. 他说在这座城市里已经建了一些新工厂。 即学即练2　把主动语态改为被动语态 ①My father gave me a new book on my birthday. →I _______________________________________________ on my birthday (by my father). →A new book __________________________________________________ on my birthday (by my father). ②My father bought me a new computer yesterday. →I __________________________________________________________ yesterday (by my father). →A new computer ___________________________________________________________ yesterday (by my father). [误区警示] ①“get＋及物动词的过去分词”表被动。指主语遭遇变化或不好的事件。 He got caught in the rain last night. 他昨晚被雨淋了。 ②动词带有双宾语时，可把其中的一个宾语变为主语，另一个宾语仍然保留在谓语后面，变为被动句主语的通常是间接宾语。 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 他妈妈送给他一件生日礼物。 →He was given a present by his mother for his birthday.(也可改A present was given to him by his mother for his birthday.) ③当“动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语”结构变为被动结构时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不动。 The manager found a cook smoking in the canteen and fired him on the spot. 经理发现一个厨师在食堂抽烟，当场解雇了他。 ＝A cook was found smoking in the canteen by the manager and was fired on the spot. 一个厨师被经理发现在食堂抽烟，当场被解雇了。 ④在使役动词have，make，let以及感官动词see，watch，notice，hear, feel, observe等后用不定式作宾语补足语时，to通常省略，但变为被动结构时，要加to。 Someone saw a stranger walk into the building. 有人看见一个陌生人走进那栋大楼。 →A stranger was seen to walk into the building (by someone). ⑤有些由“动词＋介词/副词”构成的动词词组，也可用于被动结构，但要把它们看作一个整体，不能分开，其中的介词或副词不能省略。 My sister was taken care of by Grandma when my parents went out to work. 我父母出去工作时，我妹妹由奶奶照顾。 ⑥“It＋be＋及物动词的过去分词＋that从句/to do sth.”是固定句型： Since it is believed that strong smells can affect the senses, volunteers are required not to eat or drink for eight hours before the experiment. 因为人们相信强烈的气味会影响感官，所以志愿者们被要求在实验前八小时内不能进食或饮水。 即学即练3　单句语法填空 ①Diana couldn't move into her new house as it ________ (decorate). ②The teacher said that we ________ (give) another chance some time the next month if we failed in the exam. ③They said great changes ________ (take) place in my village and some factories ________ (set) up since 2015. ④She ________ (praise) for her fine work in the Youth League. ⑤He told me that a new stadium ________ (build) and it ________ (finish) the next year. ⑥After they ________ (seat), the father found a friend and went out to greet him. ⑦Many beautiful cherry trees ________ (plant) outside the grocery last year and they are booming now. ⑧By the time he got to the school, the first period ________ (finish). ⑨The news ________ (release) last Friday and drew a lot of attention. ⑩The media reported more than 1，000 people ________ (kill) in the earthquake. Ⅰ.单词语法填空 1．He hurried home, never once looking back to see if he ________ (follow). 2．Scholars have seen this idea in practice with ancient Greek and Roman statues. These sculptures ________ (paint) a rainbow of striking colours. 3．Jones got the idea after he had talked with an elderly lady who ________ (cheat) of her money. 4．Rather than getting ________ (catch) up in how you could have done better, why not offer yourself a compassionate (有同情心) response 5．If the monkeys touched the left side of the screen they ________ (reward) with seven drops of water or juice... 6．They are trying to make sure that 5G terminals ________ (install) by 2022 for the Beijing Winter Olympics. 7．I literally cried when we reached it and it was his! Everyone in our party ________ (blow) away by this “miracle (奇迹)”． 8．Steam engines ________ (use) to pull the carriages and it must have been fairly unpleasant for the passengers, with all the smoke and noise. 9．About one month after this photo ________ (take), I entered my second year of high school and became a new member of the school music club. 10．One must know how one object ________ (make) in order to preserve it. Ⅱ.完成句子 1．她得到充分的鼓励去尝试新事物。 ________________________________ every encouragement to try something new. 2．此外，有人曾经认为铅可以变成黄金。 Additionally, it was once thought that lead ________________________________． 3．据报道因为这次冲突，已有数人被捕。 It was reported that ________________________________________ because of the conflict. 4．当我们进入糕饼店时，机器的发动机正在被一个老工人修理。 When we came into the bakery, the engine of the machine ____________________________________ ____________________________________ ________________________________________________________________________. 5．在一个故事被讲述时，经常有人擦擦眼泪或轻微地笑一下。 Somebody wiped a tear away or smiled gently frequently as __________________________ ______________________________________________.