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11 历史人物
战国时期文化繁荣，百家争鸣，各种思想学说相互碰撞。秦国在文化上相对落后，但在统一六国的过程中，也不断吸收其他各国的文化成果。秦始皇统一六国后，推行 “书同文” 等政策，对中国文化的统一和传承产生了深远影响。
宋代文化繁荣，理学兴起，强调儒家的忠义观念和民族气节。岳飞深受儒家思想的影响，以 “精忠报国” 为己任，其爱国精神和忠诚品质成为了当时和后世推崇的典范。同时，宋代的军事文化也对岳飞产生了一定的影响，他在军事战略和战术方面有着卓越的才能，善于运用骑兵和步兵的配合，取得了多次对金作战的胜利。唐朝文化氛围浓厚，诗歌成为主要的文学形式，文人之间相互唱和、交流。同时，儒、释、道三教并行，李白的思想深受其影响，既有儒家的积极入世精神，又有道家的追求自由、超脱的思想，还对佛教的禅理有一定的感悟，这些都体现在他的诗歌创作中。清朝统治者推行文化专制政策，但民间文化依然繁荣，小说创作盛行。曹雪芹深受中国传统文化的熏陶，对诗词、戏曲、绘画等艺术形式都有很高的造诣，这些都融入到了《红楼梦》的创作中，使作品具有丰富的文化内涵。西方文化大量涌入，与中国传统文化发生激烈碰撞。新文化运动兴起，倡导民主、科学等新思想，反对封建礼教和旧文化。鲁迅是新文化运动的旗手，他的作品对封建礼教、旧传统进行了深刻的批判，同时也积极引进和传播西方的进步文化思想。
题型 主要内容
1 阅读理解 讲述了东汉著名学者孔融让梨的故事，展现了他的体贴和考虑他人的品质。
2 阅读理解 介绍了杜甫的一首诗《春夜喜雨》，逐句介绍了诗中蕴含的意义。
3 阅读理解 介绍了孔子的经历、对教育的贡献及其重要思想。
4 阅读理解 讲述了大约2300年前，秦国的太守李冰修建都江堰以解决洪水问题的故事。
5 阅读理解 介绍了伟大的教育家、思想家孔子。
6 阅读理解 介绍了古代的几位名人的成就。
7 阅读理解 讲述了诸葛亮草船借箭的故事。
8 阅读理解 介绍了五位中国古代有影响力的人。
9 阅读理解 讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。
10 阅读理解 讲述了神农教人们耕种及为了人们的健康，尝百草的故事。
01
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a boy called Kong Rong. He was very considerate when he was only four. He had five older brothers and one younger brother.
One day his father bought some pears. Some of pears were big and looked good. Some were small and didn’t look so good. The boys were happy and began to choose some. Their father picked one of the largest and gave it to Kong Rong deliberately (特意地). But Kong Rong shook his head and picked up the smallest one.
His dad was very curious (好奇的), and asked, “Why not choose a bigger one, my son ”
Kong Rong answered, “I am younger, so I should eat the smaller pear, and brothers should eat the bigger ones.”
His dad was very glad after hearing his words, but asked further, “What about your younger brother who is younger than you are ”
Kong Rong said, “I am older than him, so I should leave the bigger one to my little brother.”
Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate. He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first.
Later, Kong Rong became a great scholar (学者).
1．Which picture can match the story
A． B． C．
2．How many kids are there in Kong Rong’s family
A．6. B．7. C．8.
3．Kong Rong chose the smallest pear because ________.
A．he couldn’t see a big one
B．he thought the small ones looked good
C．he wanted his brothers to eat the bigger ones
4．Which of the blanks can be filled with the underlined word “considerate” in Paragraph 1
A．Her face was very ________ as she told us the bad news.
B．The old man is so ________ that everybody in his village knows him.
C．It was ________ of him not to play the guitar while his sister was asleep.
5．Where can we find this story
A．Daily News. B．China History. C．China Science.
02
Happy Rain on a Spring Night Du Fu Good rain knows its time right; It will fall when comes spring. With wind it steals in night; Mute, it moistens (潮湿) each thing. O’er (遍及，到处) wild lanes (线路) dark cloud spreads; In boat a lantern looms (突然出现). Down (黎明) sees saturated (湿透的) reds; The town’s heavy with blooms (开花).
This famous poem, with four couplets (对句), was written by Du Fu (712—770, Tang Dynasty) when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature. The very first word, “good”, shows the poet’s happiness and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it “knows” the right time to came. Here the poet uses personification (拟人), as if the rain were smart enough to come in time for the farmer’s busy season.
When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known.
In the third couplet, the poet describes a peaceful scene (情景) to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It’s a sign (标志) that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.
Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom after the rain.
6．According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statement is not right
A．The very first word, “good”, shows the poet is happy.
B．The famous poem was written in Tang Dynasty.
C．The rain is good because it”knows”the right time to come.
D．The scene of the flowers blooming after the rain in Chengdu isn’t the imagination of the poet.
7．What’s the Chinese title of the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night
A．《春望》 B．《春夜喜雨》
C．《夜雨寄北》 D．《临安春雨初霁》
8．Which of the following statements also uses personification
A．In boat a lantern looms.
B．With wind it steals in night.
C．It will fall when comes spring.
D．The town’s heavy with blooms.
9．According to Paragraph 2, the rain in this poem may be ________.
A．busy B．dark C．quiet D．quick
10．What does Du Fu want to show in this poem
A．He’s thankful to nature.
B．He loves and enjoys farming.
C．He expects the flowers to bloom.
D．He would like to always live in Chengdu.
03
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history Many people would think of Confucius (孔子), whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.
11．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because _________.
A．He lived a poor life in his childhood
B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education
C．He traveled with his students from state to state
D．He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
12．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports _________ as a child.
A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother
C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teacher
13．The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to _________.
A．poor B．bright C．rich D．cute
14．The correct order of the following statements is __________.
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child
②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime
③Confucius’ father died
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history
A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④ D．④③①②
15．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．All study but no thinking makes people puzzled.
B．No one has something worthy to be learned.
C．All thinking but no study makes people lazy.
D．A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.
04
【1】About 2300 years ago, the area around Chengdu had bad floods (洪水) in spring every year. Flood water from the mountains flowed (流动) down the Minjiang River and covered the land. Luckily, the Qin governor (太守), Li Bing, was a water engineer. The king of Qin provided the money and asked the governor to solve the problem.
【2】(5)The usual method to avoid flooding is to build a wall across the river, called a dam (大坝). Special openings in the dam allow the flow of water to be controlled. However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river. This was necessary because the king needed to send food to his army. So Li Bing studied the situation and came up ①________ a plan—a plan that still works today!
【3】Helped by his son, and tens of thousands of workers from the area, Li Bing built a man-made island in the middle of the river. This island was shaped like a fish and it divided the water ②________ an inner and an outer river. The inner river was deeper than but not as wide as the outer river. It took four years to build the island.
【4】Li Bing also cut a new channel (运河) through Mount Yulei. This channel would take water away to irrigate (灌溉) the land in the flat farmland below. The rock of the mountain was very hard and difficult to cut. Li Bing used fire to heat the rock and then water to cool it quickly. This made the rock break into smaller pieces which could be carried away more easily. Cutting the channel took eight years!
【5】After Li Bing’s work was ③________, there were no more floods, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system (灌溉系统) allowed the farmers to grow more and more food. The river flowed naturally, and because there was no dam, ships and fish could pass freely. Sichuan became the most productive area in China, as it still is today. Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on.
16．What was Li Bing’s job (no more than 10 words)
17．Why did the king ask Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river (no more than 10 words)
18．How long did it take Li Bing to cut a new channel (no more than 5 words)
19．Please fill in each blank with only one proper word.
① ② ③
20．Please translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
21．What do you think of Li Bing and his work
05
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history Many people would think of Confucius (孔子). Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his great contribution to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, Poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time, only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I’m with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study, “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.
22．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________.
A．he lived a poor life in his childhood
B．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
C．he had wise thoughts and great views about education
23．The correct order of the following statements is ________.
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child.
②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
③Confucius’ father died.
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history.
A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④
24．The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to ________.
A．poor B．wealthy C．bright
25．According to the passage, what can we learn from Confucius
A．Thinking is very important in study.
B．We can learn everything from others.
C．We should always care for ourselves.
26．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Confucius’ teaching methods
B．A person who changed Chinese history
C．Confucius—A great teacher and thinker
06
Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go: around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought that this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people.
Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of the Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy (使节) and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.
27．Why is Confucius a great educator
A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”.
B．Because he liked learning and had wise thoughts about education.
C．Because he traveled with his students from state to state.
D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books.
28．Zhang Qian ________.
A．liked traveling to the west ` B．opened up the ancient Silk Road
C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in Eastern Han Dynasty
29．What did Li Bing do to help the people
A．He brought much useful information from the west.
B．He traveled and wrote many famous poems.
C．He set up many water projects.
D．He helped many sick people in the village.
30．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________.
A．at home B．in the wild
C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A．The people mentioned all cared for the people.
B．Li Bing is not only a great poet but also a super captain.
C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work.
D．The people are all great poets and have their own works.
07
Cao Cao’s army came to Chibi on the north bank of the Yangtze River, preparing to cross the Yangtze River to fight against Sun Quan. One day, Zhuge Liang came to Sun Quan for help, expecting that Sun could work with Liu Bei to beat CaoCao. Zhou Yu thought: Everyone says Zhuge Liang is smart, I will give him a difficult problem to make him lose his face. Zhou Yu challenged Zhuge Liang to make one hundred thousand arrows in ten days for a battle (战争) against Cao Cao’s army. Zhuge Liang confidently (自信地) accepted the task and promised to complete it in just three days.
Zhuge Liang borrowed20 light boats from Lu Su, and sent people to set up many straw men on both sides of the boats. Zhuge Liang ordered people to connect the 20 boats together, and then rowed (划船) towards Cao’s Camp on the north bank. Because of the fog (雾), Cao Cao’s army, unable to see clearly, shot thousands of arrows at the boats, which were caught by the straw men. When the fog disappeared and Cao Cao saw clearly that the boats were full of straw men, Zhuge Liang had already led his armies back to the south bank. Although Zhou Yu got 100, 000arrows, he was not ready to say that Zhuge Liang was cleverer than him.
32．Which battle is this story from
A．The Battle of Yiling. B．The Battle of Guandu.
C．The Battle of Chibi. D．The Battle of Jiangdong.
33．How did Zhuge Liang get 100, 000 arrows
A．By setting a big fire to the camps.
B．By borrowing arrows with straw boats.
C．By killing someone with a borrowed knife.
D．By watching a fire from the other side of the river.
34．What can we learn from the story
A．Zhuge Liang was a man with wisdom.
B．Zhou Yu admired Zhuge Liang’s talent.
C．Zhou Yu was ready to accept others’ ability.
D．Zhuge Liang had no confidence of his talent.
35．What is the right order of the development of the story
①Zhuge Liang completed the task successfully.
②Zhuge Liang hoped that Sun Quan would work with Liu Bei.
③Zhuge Liang predicted there would be a big fog in three days.
④ Zhou Yu didn’t think Zhuge Liang could get 100, 000 arrows easily.
A．③→②→①→④ B．②→③→④→①
C．③→④→①→② D．②→④→③→①
36．Which classic does the story probably come from
A．Journey to the West B．Water Margin
C．Romance of the Three Kingdoms D．Dream of the Red Chamber
08
In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time.
Confucius was a great educator good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”
Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people.
Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.
As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people.
Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world.
37．Why is Confucius a great educator
A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”.
B．Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education.
C．Because he traveled with his students from state to state.
D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books.
38．Zhang Qian ________.
A．liked travelling to the west B．opened up the ancient Silk Road
C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in East Han Dynasty
39．What did Li Bing do to help the people
A．He brought much useful information from the west.
B．He travelled and wrote many famous poems.
C．He set up many water projects.
D．He helped many sick people in the village.
40．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________.
A．at home B．in the wild
C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C
41．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A．The people mentioned are all cared for the people.
B．Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain.
C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work.
D．The people are all great poets and have their own works.
09
Li Shizhen (1518—1593), was a famous Chinese medical scientist, pharmacist (药学家) and naturalist (博物学家) of the Ming Dynasty. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a medical practitioner (从业人员) who travelled the countryside, and his father, Li Yanwen, was also a famous local doctor. Grown up in a medical family like this, he was really fond of medicine since he was a kid. However, his father wanted him to study for the imperial examinations (科举考试) and did not encourage him to practise medicine due to the low social status (地位) at the time. However, Li Shizhen didn’t give up studying medicine.
When Li Shizhen was young, he enjoyed traditional Chinese medicine and began to read medical books. He found many mistakes in those books. He worried these mistakes would cause serious problems or death. So Li Shizhen decided to write a new book. He travelled everywhere to look for herbs (药草) and do research. And he talked with farmers, doctors and patients. He even tested herbs on himself and almost lost his life many times. Li Shizhen collected and recorded over 1,890 herbs. He also read about 900 medical books. He worked day and night. Finally the valuable work, Compendium of Materia Medica or Bencao Gangmu, came out.
Today Materia Medica has been translated into many foreign languages. It is widely read not only in China but also in many other countries around the world.
42．From the passage, Li Shizhen is a (an)_________.
A．artist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer
43．Which is Li Shizhen’s famous work
A．《茶经》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《伤寒杂病论》
44．Why did Li Shizhen write Compendium of Materia Medica
A．He wanted to be famous. B．He wanted to be a great writer.
C．He wanted to save more people. D．He wanted to make enough money.
45．Which is TRUE according to the passage
A．Li Shizhen didn’t like herbs.
B．Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a farmer.
C．Li Shizhen’s father encouraged him to be a doctor.
D．Li Shizhen found many mistakes in the medical books.
46．Which is the best title (标题) for the passage
A．A Story of The Herbs
B．Li Shizhen and His Family
C．A Medical Scientist of The Song Dynasty
D．Li Shizhen and Compendium of Materia Medica
10
In ancient times, people caught animals to eat or they just ate wild fruits. But life was difficult for them, and sometimes they ate poisonous (有毒的) fruits and died.
A great leader named Shen Nong saw this and wanted to help. He came up with the idea of planting crops (庄稼). He taught people how to sow (播种) and work the fields, so they could grow their own food. This way, they wouldn’t have to worry about going hungry.
However, when they got sick, no one could help them. There was no medicine, and many people died as a result.
Shen Nong was worried. He found that some plants could help sick people get well. He decided to taste every plant to see which ones could be used for health care. He traveled across rivers and climbed mountains, tasting all kinds of plants and learning about many medicinal herbs (草药). With his hard work, people were ________ than before.
Unluckily, Shen Nong died after eating a poisonous plant. He gave his life to help people live better. People still remember him today for his great contributions to the world.
47．What did people eat in the ancient at first
A． B．
C． D．
48．What new problem did people face after they learned to plant crops
A．They ate poisonous fruits. B．There was no medicine.
C．They were hurt by animals. D．There was no enough food.
49．What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Plants. B．Animals. C．Crops. D．Rivers.
50．Which word can be put in “________ ”
A．busier B．lazier C．healthier D．cleverer
51．What do you think Shen Nong is
A．A farmer. B．A doctor. C．A hero. D．A teacher.
/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
试卷第1页，共3页
参考答案
【导语】本文主要讲述了东汉著名学者孔融让梨的故事，展现了他的体贴和考虑他人的品质。
1．细节理解题。由“One day his father bought some pears.”和“Kong Rong shook his head and picked up the smallest one.”可知，本文在介绍孔融和梨的故事。故选B。
2．细节理解题。由“He had five older brothers and one younger brother.”可知，孔融有五个哥哥，一个弟弟，加上孔融，总共是七个孩子。故选B。
3．细节理解题。由“I am younger, so I should eat the smaller pear, and brothers should eat the bigger ones”可知，孔融想让兄弟们吃更大的梨。故选C。
4．词句猜测题。由“Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate.”和“He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first.”可推知considerate是“体贴的，为他人着想的”含义。又根据“It was …of him not to play the guitar while his sister was asleep”在他妹妹睡觉时不弹奏吉他，可知他是一个为他人着想的人。故选C。
5．推理判断题。由“During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a boy called Kong Rong.”可知本文讲的是中国历史人物。故选B。
【导语】本文主要介绍了杜甫的一首诗《春夜喜雨》，逐句介绍了诗中蕴含的意义。
6．细节理解题。根据“Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom after the rain.”可知，诗中关于雨后百花盛开的场景是诗人的想象，因此选项D错误。故选D。
7．细节理解题。根据“Happy Rain on a Spring Night”可知，此诗的中文标题为《春夜喜雨》。故选B。
8．推理判断题。根据“With wind it steals in night;”（随风潜入夜）可知，此处指它乘风潜入黑夜，为拟人手法，故选B。
9．推理判断题。根据“When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise”可知，这场春雨很安静，故选C。
10．细节理解题。根据“His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature.”可知，杜甫在这首诗中想表达的是对大自然的感激之情。故选A。
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了孔子的经历、对教育的贡献及其重要思想。
11．细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句 “Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today.”可知，人们仍然记得并尊敬他，是因为他对当今教育事业的贡献。故选B。
12．细节理解题。根据第二段最后一句“He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.”可知，他拜访了许多名师，学习了音乐、历史、诗歌和体育。故选D。
13．词义猜测题。根据划线处所在句子“At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知，当时只有富裕家庭的孩子才能上学，但孔子认为，如果他们想学习，每个人都应该上学。由此推测，孔子认为受教育的权利不应取决于人们是贫穷或富贵。故选C。
14．细节理解题。根据“His father died when he was only 3.”可知，他三岁时父亲去世了，故③排第一；根据“As a child, he had to work to help his mother”可知，作为一个孩子，他得帮助妈妈工作，故①排第二；根据“Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history.”可知，他成为了一名老师，并建立了中国历史上第一所公众学校，故④排第三；根据“He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.”可知，他一生大约有3000多名学生，故②排最末。正确的顺序为③①④②。故选A。
15．细节理解题。根据“All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy”以及“ A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.”可知，只学习不思考使人困惑。只会思考而不学习会使人懒惰。一个人应该严格要求自己，但要善待他人，没有提及“没有人有值得学习的东西。”。故选B。
【导语】本文讲述了大约2300年前，秦国的太守李冰修建都江堰以解决洪水问题的故事。
16．根据第一段中的“Luckily, the Qin governor (太守), Li Bing, was a water engineer.”可知，李冰是一名太守及水利工程师。故填He was a governor and a water engineer.
17．根据第二段中的“However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river. This was necessary because the king needed to send food to his army.”可知，是因为秦王需要给他的军队送食物。故填Because the king needed to send food to his army.
18．根据倒数第二段中的“Cutting the channel took eight years!”可知，切断运河花费了八年时间。故填For eight years.
19．根据“came up ...a plan”可知，此处指想出一个计划，come up with“想出”，固定短语；根据“divided the water...an inner and an outer river.”可知，应是把水分成内河和外河，divide...into...“把……分成……”，固定短语；根据“After Li Bing’s work was..., there were no more floods”可知，应是工作完成后，就再也没有洪水了，finish“完成”，was后跟动词的过去分词构成被动结构。故填with；into；finished。
20．The usual method to avoid flooding通常避免洪水的方法；is是；to build a wall筑一道墙； across the river穿越河流； called a dam叫做大坝。故填：通常避免洪水的方法是在河上筑一道墙，叫做大坝。
21．开放性问题，答案合理即可。根据“It took four years to build the island.”和“Cutting the channel took eight years!”及李冰的成就和他的都江堰工程可知，他采用新的工程方式解决了当时的洪水问题，他很聪明，且非常勤勉，工作还能努力，最终这个工程具有长久影响，说明了他的工作很伟大很有意义。故填I think Li Bing was very wise and hard-working. His work was very great, useful and meaningful.
【导语】本文介绍了伟大的教育家、思想家孔子。
22．细节理解题。根据“people still remember and respect him for his great contribution to the education today.”可知人们仍然记得并尊重他对当今教育的巨大贡献。故选C。
23．细节理解题。根据“His father died when he was only 3...As a child, he had to work to help his mother”可知在他三岁的时候他父亲去世了，之后他工作来帮助他的母亲，故前两位是③①，排除BC。故选A。
24．词义猜测题。根据“only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn.”可知当时只有贵族家庭的孩子才能上学，故此处划线部分意为“富有的”，和wealthy意义相近。故选B。
25．细节理解题。根据“He also taught us that thinking is very important in study”可知孔子认为思考在学习中很重要。故选A。
26．最佳标题题。本文介绍了伟大的教育家、思想家孔子。故选C。
【导语】本文介绍了古代的几位名人的成就。
27．细节理解题。根据“Confucius was a great educator and good at learning.”以及“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers…their bad qualities and avoid them.”可知，孔子是伟大的教育家，因为他热爱学习并对教育有智慧的见解。故选B。
28．细节理解题。根据“Zhang Qian…bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west”可知，张骞开辟了古丝绸之路。故选B。
29．细节理解题。根据“Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people.”可知，李冰兴修水利工程来帮助人民。故选C。
30．细节理解题。根据“So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people.”可知，李时珍不仅在家中和野外研究医学，还通过与他人交流学习。故选D。
31．推理判断题。通读全文，文章提到的人都关心人民，并为社会做出贡献。故选A。
【导语】本文主要讲述了诸葛亮草船借箭的故事。
32．细节理解题。根据文中“Cao Cao’s army came to Chibi on the north bank of the Yangtze River”可知，这个故事发生在赤壁之战。故选C。
33．细节理解题。根据文中“Zhuge Liang ordered people to connect the 20 boats together… shot thousands of arrows at the boats, which were caught by the straw men”可知，诸葛亮是通过草船借箭的方式获取箭支。故选B。
34．主旨大意题。根据文中内容可知，故事中体现出诸葛亮的智慧，通过利用雾天巧妙地向曹军“借箭”。故选A。
35．细节理解题。根据“Zhuge Liang came to Sun Quan for help, expecting that Sun could work with Liu Bei to beat CaoCao.”、“Zhou Yu challenged Zhuge Liang to make one hundred thousand arrows in ten days.”、“Zhuge Liang confidently accepted the task and promised to complete it in just three days.”和“Although Zhou Yu got 100, 000 arrows, he was not ready to say that Zhuge Liang was cleverer than him.”可知，事件顺序为：诸葛亮希望孙权与刘备合作，预测三日有大雾，周瑜不相信诸葛亮能轻易得到箭，最后诸葛亮成功借箭。故选D。
36．细节理解题。故事出自《三国演义》，描述了三国时期人物的智慧和策略。故选C。
【导语】本文主要介绍了五位中国古代有影响力的人。
37．推理判断题。根据有关孔子的介绍中的“Confucius was a great educator good at learning.”可知，孔子善于学习；根据孔子所说的“When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”可知，孔子具有明智的教育思想。由此推知，孔子是一位伟大的教育家是因为他喜欢学习，并有明智的教育思想。故选B。
38．细节理解题。根据有关张骞的介绍中的“He was an outstanding envoy...and opening up the ancient Silk Road”可知，张骞开辟了古代丝绸之路。故选B。
39．细节理解题。根据有关李冰的介绍中的“Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects.”可知，李冰修建了很多水利工程。故选C。
40．细节理解题。根据有关李时珍的介绍中的“So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people.”可知，李时珍不仅在自己的园子里，而且在野外尽最大努力学习医学，他从劳动人民那里也学到了很多东西。故选D。
41．推理判断题。根据有关孔子的介绍中的“Confucius was a great educator good at learning.”，有关李冰的介绍中的“He set up many water projects...It made water helpful to the people.”，有关张骞的介绍中的“He was an outstanding envoy...and opening up the ancient Silk Road”，有关杜甫的介绍中的“Most of them described the common people’s sufferings...expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people.”以及有关李时珍的介绍中的“At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world.”可推知，本文提到的人物都关心人民。故选A。
【导语】本文讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。
42．细节理解题。根据“Li Shizhen (1518-1593), was a famous Chinese medical scientist, pharmacist (药学家) and naturalist (博物学家) of the Ming Dynasty.…Li Yanwen, was also a famous local doctor”可知，他是一名医生，故选B。
43．细节理解题。根据“Today Materia Medica has been translated into many foreign languages. It is widely read not only in China but also in many other countries around the world”可知，《本草纲目》是一部著名的作品，故选C。
44．细节理解题。根据“He worried these mistakes would cause serious problems or death. So Li Shizhen decided to write a new book. ”可知，他担心这些错误会导致严重的问题甚至死亡。所以李时珍决定写一本新书，也就是写这本书是为了救更多的人，故选C。
45．细节理解题。根据“When Li Shizhen was young, he enjoyed traditional Chinese medicine and began to read medical books. He found many mistakes in those books”可知，他在医学书籍上发现了许多错误，故选D。
46．最佳标题题。通读全文可知，本文讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》，故选D。
【导语】本文主要讲述了神农教人们耕种及为了人们的健康，尝百草的故事。
47．细节理解题。根据“In ancient times, people caught animals to eat or they just ate wild fruits.”可知，起初，古代的人们抓动物吃，或者只是吃野果子，A图片符合。故选A。
48．细节理解题。根据“However, when they got sick, no one could help them. There was no medicine, and many people died as a result.”可知，人们在学会种庄稼后，面临没有药的新问题。故选B。
49．词义猜测题。根据“He decided to taste every plant to see which ones could be used for health care.”可知，他决定品尝每一种植物，看看哪些可以用于保健。ones指代“植物”。故选A。
50．推理判断题。根据“He traveled across rivers and climbed mountains, tasting all kinds of plants and learning about many medicinal herbs (草药).”可知，他品尝了各种植物，了解到了很多药用草药，因此在他的的努力下，人们能够比之前更健康，空处填healthier“更健康的”。故选C。
51．推理判断题。本文主要讲述了神农教人们耕种及为了人们的健康，尝试百草，以至于牺牲了自己的生命的故事，由此可知他是一名英雄。故选C。/ 让教学更有效 高效备考 | 英语学科
11 历史人物
战国时期文化繁荣，百家争鸣，各种思想学说相互碰撞。秦国在文化上相对落后，但在统一六国的过程中，也不断吸收其他各国的文化成果。秦始皇统一六国后，推行 “书同文” 等政策，对中国文化的统一和传承产生了深远影响。
宋代文化繁荣，理学兴起，强调儒家的忠义观念和民族气节。岳飞深受儒家思想的影响，以 “精忠报国” 为己任，其爱国精神和忠诚品质成为了当时和后世推崇的典范。同时，宋代的军事文化也对岳飞产生了一定的影响，他在军事战略和战术方面有着卓越的才能，善于运用骑兵和步兵的配合，取得了多次对金作战的胜利。唐朝文化氛围浓厚，诗歌成为主要的文学形式，文人之间相互唱和、交流。同时，儒、释、道三教并行，李白的思想深受其影响，既有儒家的积极入世精神，又有道家的追求自由、超脱的思想，还对佛教的禅理有一定的感悟，这些都体现在他的诗歌创作中。清朝统治者推行文化专制政策，但民间文化依然繁荣，小说创作盛行。曹雪芹深受中国传统文化的熏陶，对诗词、戏曲、绘画等艺术形式都有很高的造诣，这些都融入到了《红楼梦》的创作中，使作品具有丰富的文化内涵。西方文化大量涌入，与中国传统文化发生激烈碰撞。新文化运动兴起，倡导民主、科学等新思想，反对封建礼教和旧文化。鲁迅是新文化运动的旗手，他的作品对封建礼教、旧传统进行了深刻的批判，同时也积极引进和传播西方的进步文化思想。
题型 主要内容
1 阅读理解 讲述了东汉著名学者孔融让梨的故事，展现了他的体贴和考虑他人的品质。
2 阅读理解 介绍了杜甫的一首诗《春夜喜雨》，逐句介绍了诗中蕴含的意义。
3 阅读理解 介绍了孔子的经历、对教育的贡献及其重要思想。
4 阅读理解 讲述了大约2300年前，秦国的太守李冰修建都江堰以解决洪水问题的故事。
5 阅读理解 介绍了伟大的教育家、思想家孔子。
6 阅读理解 介绍了古代的几位名人的成就。
7 阅读理解 讲述了诸葛亮草船借箭的故事。
8 阅读理解 介绍了五位中国古代有影响力的人。
9 阅读理解 讲述了中国历史上著名的医生李时珍以及他写的《本草纲目》。
10 阅读理解 讲述了神农教人们耕种及为了人们的健康，尝百草的故事。
01
During the Eastern Han Dynasty, there was a boy called Kong Rong. He was very considerate when he was only four. He had five older brothers and one younger brother.
One day his father bought some pears. Some of pears were big and looked good. Some were small and didn’t look so good. The boys were happy and began to choose some. Their father picked one of the largest and gave it to Kong Rong deliberately (特意地). But Kong Rong shook his head and picked up the smallest one.
His dad was very curious (好奇的), and asked, “Why not choose a bigger one, my son ”
Kong Rong answered, “I am younger, so I should eat the smaller pear, and brothers should eat the bigger ones.”
His dad was very glad after hearing his words, but asked further, “What about your younger brother who is younger than you are ”
Kong Rong said, “I am older than him, so I should leave the bigger one to my little brother.”
Kong’s father was very happy that Kong could be so considerate. He didn’t think of what he himself wanted. He thought of what others wanted first.
Later, Kong Rong became a great scholar (学者).
1．Which picture can match the story
A． B． C．
2．How many kids are there in Kong Rong’s family
A．6. B．7. C．8.
3．Kong Rong chose the smallest pear because ________.
A．he couldn’t see a big one
B．he thought the small ones looked good
C．he wanted his brothers to eat the bigger ones
4．Which of the blanks can be filled with the underlined word “considerate” in Paragraph 1
A．Her face was very ________ as she told us the bad news.
B．The old man is so ________ that everybody in his village knows him.
C．It was ________ of him not to play the guitar while his sister was asleep.
5．Where can we find this story
A．Daily News. B．China History. C．China Science.
02
Happy Rain on a Spring Night Du Fu Good rain knows its time right; It will fall when comes spring. With wind it steals in night; Mute, it moistens (潮湿) each thing. O’er (遍及，到处) wild lanes (线路) dark cloud spreads; In boat a lantern looms (突然出现). Down (黎明) sees saturated (湿透的) reds; The town’s heavy with blooms (开花).
This famous poem, with four couplets (对句), was written by Du Fu (712—770, Tang Dynasty) when he was living and farming in Chengdu. His farming experience taught him to be thankful to nature. The very first word, “good”, shows the poet’s happiness and love for the spring rain. The rain is good because it “knows” the right time to came. Here the poet uses personification (拟人), as if the rain were smart enough to come in time for the farmer’s busy season.
When the rain comes, it appears during the night without making any noise. Unlike the summer storms, the spring rain finishes its task without being known.
In the third couplet, the poet describes a peaceful scene (情景) to us. In the night sky, the clouds look dark and heavy. It’s a sign (标志) that there will be enough rain during the night. The light from the riverboat makes the dark scene a bit livelier.
Lastly, the poet starts to imagine. Tomorrow morning, he thinks, the city of Chengdu will become beautiful when all of the flowers bloom after the rain.
6．According to Paragraph 1, which of the following statement is not right
A．The very first word, “good”, shows the poet is happy.
B．The famous poem was written in Tang Dynasty.
C．The rain is good because it”knows”the right time to come.
D．The scene of the flowers blooming after the rain in Chengdu isn’t the imagination of the poet.
7．What’s the Chinese title of the poem Happy Rain on a Spring Night
A．《春望》 B．《春夜喜雨》
C．《夜雨寄北》 D．《临安春雨初霁》
8．Which of the following statements also uses personification
A．In boat a lantern looms.
B．With wind it steals in night.
C．It will fall when comes spring.
D．The town’s heavy with blooms.
9．According to Paragraph 2, the rain in this poem may be ________.
A．busy B．dark C．quiet D．quick
10．What does Du Fu want to show in this poem
A．He’s thankful to nature.
B．He loves and enjoys farming.
C．He expects the flowers to bloom.
D．He would like to always live in Chengdu.
03
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history Many people would think of Confucius (孔子), whose birthday was September 28. Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his contribution (贡献) to the education today. Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn't give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I am with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study. “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled (困惑的). All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.
11．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because _________.
A．He lived a poor life in his childhood
B．he had wise thoughts and great views about education
C．He traveled with his students from state to state
D．He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
12．Confucius learned music, history, poetry and sports _________ as a child.
A．by teaching himself at home B．with the help of his mother
C．by going to school D．by visiting many famous teacher
13．The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to _________.
A．poor B．bright C．rich D．cute
14．The correct order of the following statements is __________.
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child
②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime
③Confucius’ father died
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history
A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④ D．④③①②
15．Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage
A．All study but no thinking makes people puzzled.
B．No one has something worthy to be learned.
C．All thinking but no study makes people lazy.
D．A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.
04
【1】About 2300 years ago, the area around Chengdu had bad floods (洪水) in spring every year. Flood water from the mountains flowed (流动) down the Minjiang River and covered the land. Luckily, the Qin governor (太守), Li Bing, was a water engineer. The king of Qin provided the money and asked the governor to solve the problem.
【2】(5)The usual method to avoid flooding is to build a wall across the river, called a dam (大坝). Special openings in the dam allow the flow of water to be controlled. However, the king had also asked Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river. This was necessary because the king needed to send food to his army. So Li Bing studied the situation and came up ①________ a plan—a plan that still works today!
【3】Helped by his son, and tens of thousands of workers from the area, Li Bing built a man-made island in the middle of the river. This island was shaped like a fish and it divided the water ②________ an inner and an outer river. The inner river was deeper than but not as wide as the outer river. It took four years to build the island.
【4】Li Bing also cut a new channel (运河) through Mount Yulei. This channel would take water away to irrigate (灌溉) the land in the flat farmland below. The rock of the mountain was very hard and difficult to cut. Li Bing used fire to heat the rock and then water to cool it quickly. This made the rock break into smaller pieces which could be carried away more easily. Cutting the channel took eight years!
【5】After Li Bing’s work was ③________, there were no more floods, and the Dujiangyan irrigation system (灌溉系统) allowed the farmers to grow more and more food. The river flowed naturally, and because there was no dam, ships and fish could pass freely. Sichuan became the most productive area in China, as it still is today. Today, scientists and visitors from all over the world come to look at this wonderful example of engineering. This work and the name of Li Bing live on.
16．What was Li Bing’s job (no more than 10 words)
.
17．Why did the king ask Li Bing to make sure that ships could still use the river (no more than 10 words)
.
18．How long did it take Li Bing to cut a new channel (no more than 5 words)
.
19．Please fill in each blank with only one proper word.
① ② ③
20．Please translate the underlined sentence in the second paragraph into Chinese.
.
21．What do you think of Li Bing and his work
.
05
Who is the greatest teacher in Chinese history Many people would think of Confucius (孔子). Although he lived over 2,000 years ago, people still remember and respect him for his great contribution to the education today.
Confucius lived in the Kingdom of Lu, which lies in Shandong Province. He lived during the Spring and Autumn Period. He had a hard childhood. His father died when he was only 3. His mother brought him up. As a child, he had to work to help his mother, but young Confucius didn’t give up studying. He visited many famous teachers and learned music, history, Poetry and sports.
Later, he became a teacher and started the first public school in Chinese history. At that time, only children from noble families could go to school, but Confucius believed everyone should go to school if they wanted to learn. He had about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
Today, people still follow Confucius’ lessons. He told us that we all have something worthy to be learned. “When I’m with three people, one of them must be better than me in some areas. I choose their good qualities and follow them.”
He also taught us that thinking is very important in study, “All study but no thinking makes people puzzled. All thinking but no study makes people lazy.”
Confucius is not only a great teacher, but also a famous thinker with wise thoughts about the world and society. His most important teachings are about kindness and good manners. “A person should be strict with himself, but be kind to others.” he said.
22．Today we still remember Confucius mainly because ________.
A．he lived a poor life in his childhood
B．he lived during the Spring and Autumn Period
C．he had wise thoughts and great views about education
23．The correct order of the following statements is ________.
①Confucius worked to help his mother as a child.
②Confucius educated about 3,000 students in his lifetime.
③Confucius’ father died.
④Confucius started the first public school in Chinese history.
A．③①④② B．②③④① C．①③②④
24．The underlined word “noble” in Paragraph 3 has the closest meaning to ________.
A．poor B．wealthy C．bright
25．According to the passage, what can we learn from Confucius
A．Thinking is very important in study.
B．We can learn everything from others.
C．We should always care for ourselves.
26．What would be the best title for the passage
A．Confucius’ teaching methods
B．A person who changed Chinese history
C．Confucius—A great teacher and thinker
06
Confucius was a great educator and good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go: around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought that this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.” Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people.
Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world. Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of the Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy (使节) and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.
27．Why is Confucius a great educator
A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”.
B．Because he liked learning and had wise thoughts about education.
C．Because he traveled with his students from state to state.
D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books.
28．Zhang Qian ________.
A．liked traveling to the west ` B．opened up the ancient Silk Road
C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in Eastern Han Dynasty
29．What did Li Bing do to help the people
A．He brought much useful information from the west.
B．He traveled and wrote many famous poems.
C．He set up many water projects.
D．He helped many sick people in the village.
30．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________.
A．at home B．in the wild
C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C
31．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A．The people mentioned all cared for the people.
B．Li Bing is not only a great poet but also a super captain.
C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work.
D．The people are all great poets and have their own works.
07
Cao Cao’s army came to Chibi on the north bank of the Yangtze River, preparing to cross the Yangtze River to fight against Sun Quan. One day, Zhuge Liang came to Sun Quan for help, expecting that Sun could work with Liu Bei to beat CaoCao. Zhou Yu thought: Everyone says Zhuge Liang is smart, I will give him a difficult problem to make him lose his face. Zhou Yu challenged Zhuge Liang to make one hundred thousand arrows in ten days for a battle (战争) against Cao Cao’s army. Zhuge Liang confidently (自信地) accepted the task and promised to complete it in just three days.
Zhuge Liang borrowed20 light boats from Lu Su, and sent people to set up many straw men on both sides of the boats. Zhuge Liang ordered people to connect the 20 boats together, and then rowed (划船) towards Cao’s Camp on the north bank. Because of the fog (雾), Cao Cao’s army, unable to see clearly, shot thousands of arrows at the boats, which were caught by the straw men. When the fog disappeared and Cao Cao saw clearly that the boats were full of straw men, Zhuge Liang had already led his armies back to the south bank. Although Zhou Yu got 100, 000arrows, he was not ready to say that Zhuge Liang was cleverer than him.
32．Which battle is this story from
A．The Battle of Yiling. B．The Battle of Guandu.
C．The Battle of Chibi. D．The Battle of Jiangdong.
33．How did Zhuge Liang get 100, 000 arrows
A．By setting a big fire to the camps.
B．By borrowing arrows with straw boats.
C．By killing someone with a borrowed knife.
D．By watching a fire from the other side of the river.
34．What can we learn from the story
A．Zhuge Liang was a man with wisdom.
B．Zhou Yu admired Zhuge Liang’s talent.
C．Zhou Yu was ready to accept others’ ability.
D．Zhuge Liang had no confidence of his talent.
35．What is the right order of the development of the story
①Zhuge Liang completed the task successfully.
②Zhuge Liang hoped that Sun Quan would work with Liu Bei.
③Zhuge Liang predicted there would be a big fog in three days.
④ Zhou Yu didn’t think Zhuge Liang could get 100, 000 arrows easily.
A．③→②→①→④ B．②→③→④→①
C．③→④→①→② D．②→④→③→①
36．Which classic does the story probably come from
A．Journey to the West B．Water Margin
C．Romance of the Three Kingdoms D．Dream of the Red Chamber
08
In ancient China, there were many shining names in the river of the history. Here are some great characters of that time.
Confucius was a great educator good at learning. Once Confucius and his students were on their way, a little boy suddenly stopped in their way and asked the master to go around the “city” that he made with bricks and stones. Confucius thought this boy was so smart and didn’t treat the “city” as a toy. The Master said, “When I walk along with two others, they may serve me as my teachers. I will select their good qualities and follow them, their bad qualities and avoid them.”
Li Bing was an expert in water projects. He set up many water projects. Dujiangyan is the most famous. It made water helpful to the people.
Zhang Qian was born in Chenggu of Western Han Dynasty. He was an outstanding envoy and explorer in Chinese history, bringing much useful information about the west and opening up the ancient Silk Road, an important trade route connecting the east and the west.
As a famous Tang Dynasty poet, Du Fu wrote over one thousand and five hundred poems. Most of them described the common people’s sufferings and sorrows during the terrible years of the Tang Dynasty, expressing his profound worry and deep love for his country and the people.
Li Shizhen was born in 1518. He found many old medicine books full of mistakes. So he did his best to study medical science not only in his own garden, but also in the wild. He learned a lot from the working people. At last, he completed his great work Ben Cao Gang Mu, one of the greatest contributions to the medical science of the world.
37．Why is Confucius a great educator
A．Because he understood the boy and gave way to the “city”.
B．Because he likes learning and had wise thoughts about education.
C．Because he traveled with his students from state to state.
D．Because he was smarter than others and read many books.
38．Zhang Qian ________.
A．liked travelling to the west B．opened up the ancient Silk Road
C．was an outstanding writer D．was born in East Han Dynasty
39．What did Li Bing do to help the people
A．He brought much useful information from the west.
B．He travelled and wrote many famous poems.
C．He set up many water projects.
D．He helped many sick people in the village.
40．Li Shizhen studied medicine ________.
A．at home B．in the wild
C．by communicating with others D．A, B and C
41．Which of the following is TRUE according to the article
A．The people mentioned are all cared for the people.
B．Du Fu is not only a great poet but also a super captain.
C．Li Shizhen didn’t write any work.
D．The people are all great poets and have their own works.
09
Li Shizhen (1518—1593), was a famous Chinese medical scientist, pharmacist (药学家) and naturalist (博物学家) of the Ming Dynasty. Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a medical practitioner (从业人员) who travelled the countryside, and his father, Li Yanwen, was also a famous local doctor. Grown up in a medical family like this, he was really fond of medicine since he was a kid. However, his father wanted him to study for the imperial examinations (科举考试) and did not encourage him to practise medicine due to the low social status (地位) at the time. However, Li Shizhen didn’t give up studying medicine.
When Li Shizhen was young, he enjoyed traditional Chinese medicine and began to read medical books. He found many mistakes in those books. He worried these mistakes would cause serious problems or death. So Li Shizhen decided to write a new book. He travelled everywhere to look for herbs (药草) and do research. And he talked with farmers, doctors and patients. He even tested herbs on himself and almost lost his life many times. Li Shizhen collected and recorded over 1,890 herbs. He also read about 900 medical books. He worked day and night. Finally the valuable work, Compendium of Materia Medica or Bencao Gangmu, came out.
Today Materia Medica has been translated into many foreign languages. It is widely read not only in China but also in many other countries around the world.
42．From the passage, Li Shizhen is a (an)_________.
A．artist B．doctor C．traveller D．farmer
43．Which is Li Shizhen’s famous work
A．《茶经》 B．《千金方》 C．《本草纲目》 D．《伤寒杂病论》
44．Why did Li Shizhen write Compendium of Materia Medica
A．He wanted to be famous. B．He wanted to be a great writer.
C．He wanted to save more people. D．He wanted to make enough money.
45．Which is TRUE according to the passage
A．Li Shizhen didn’t like herbs.
B．Li Shizhen’s grandfather was a farmer.
C．Li Shizhen’s father encouraged him to be a doctor.
D．Li Shizhen found many mistakes in the medical books.
46．Which is the best title (标题) for the passage
A．A Story of The Herbs
B．Li Shizhen and His Family
C．A Medical Scientist of The Song Dynasty
D．Li Shizhen and Compendium of Materia Medica
10
In ancient times, people caught animals to eat or they just ate wild fruits. But life was difficult for them, and sometimes they ate poisonous (有毒的) fruits and died.
A great leader named Shen Nong saw this and wanted to help. He came up with the idea of planting crops (庄稼). He taught people how to sow (播种) and work the fields, so they could grow their own food. This way, they wouldn’t have to worry about going hungry.
However, when they got sick, no one could help them. There was no medicine, and many people died as a result.
Shen Nong was worried. He found that some plants could help sick people get well. He decided to taste every plant to see which ones could be used for health care. He traveled across rivers and climbed mountains, tasting all kinds of plants and learning about many medicinal herbs (草药). With his hard work, people were ________ than before.
Unluckily, Shen Nong died after eating a poisonous plant. He gave his life to help people live better. People still remember him today for his great contributions to the world.
47．What did people eat in the ancient at first
A． B．
C． D．
48．What new problem did people face after they learned to plant crops
A．They ate poisonous fruits. B．There was no medicine.
C．They were hurt by animals. D．There was no enough food.
49．What does the underlined word “ones” in Paragraph 4 refer to
A．Plants. B．Animals. C．Crops. D．Rivers.
50．Which word can be put in “________ ”
A．busier B．lazier C．healthier D．cleverer
51．What do you think Shen Nong is
A．A farmer. B．A doctor. C．A hero. D．A teacher.
