人教八下unit 1课文全解
基础知识定位
单词 matter n.问题;back n.背部;throat n.咽喉;foot n.足;neck n.脖子;stomach n.胃;lie v.躺;rest v.放松;cough v.咳嗽;X-ray X光;toothache n.牙痛;headache n.头痛;passenger n.乘客;herself pron.她自己;knee n.膝盖;hurt v.(使疼痛);hit v.打;ourselves pron.我们自己;almost adv.几乎;situation n.情况;kilo n.千克;rock n.岩石;knife n.刀;blood n.血;mean v.意思是;importance n.重要性;decision n.决定;spirit n.勇气;death n.死亡
短语 have a stomachache胃痛;have a cold感冒;lie down躺下;take one’s temperature量体温;have a fever发烧;go to a doctor看医生;get off下车;to one’s surprise使...惊讶的;agree to(do sth)同意做某事;get into trouble造成麻烦;fall down摔倒;be used to习惯于;take risks冒险;cut off切除;get out of离开;be in control of管理;keep on doing sth.继续做某事;give up放弃
语法 What’s the matter?(你)怎么了? have a+疾病 情态动词should
Section A
1.I have sore back.
句中用了“have a sore +身体部位”构成的短语,表示“身体部位痛”。sore是形容词,意为“痛”,常指由于发炎引起的疼痛。
I have a sore throat.我喉咙痛。
2.She talked too much yesterday
too much在此作副词短语,意为“太多”,修饰谓语talked。
Don’t eat too much.不要吃太多。
知识回顾:too much意为“太多”时还可作形容词短语,用在不可数名词前作定语。
I drank too much cola last night.昨晚我喝了太多可乐。
3.My head feels very hot.
feels very hot用的是“feel+形容词”结构。feel在此作连系动词,意为“摸起来”。
The silk feels so comfortable.
这块丝绸摸起来非常舒服。
4.I have a headache
headache是由head+ ache派生而成的可数名词,意为“头痛”。
知识归纳:ache的用法
ache常用作名词后缀,指连续的、隐隐的、局部的疼痛,常放在表示“身体部位”的名词后构成复合词。
“have/has+不定冠词+含有ache的复合名词”为固定结构,表示“某部位疼”。
She has an earache.她耳朵痛。
词语辨析:pain和含有ache的复合名词的区别
pain常指肉体上的剧烈疼痛,不与表示身体部位的名词连用。
I have a pain in my head. 我头痛。
5.Should I take my temperature?
句中用了take one’s temperature短语,表示“量某人的体温”。take在此作及物动词,意为“量”。
Mingming is ill. The doctor is taking his temperature now.
明明生病了。大夫正在给他量体温。
知识归纳:及物动词take的含义很丰富,它接不同的名词时表达的含义不同。
take a picture/photo拍一张照片 take action采取行动 take a bus乘坐公交车
6.it doesn’t sound like you have a fever
sound like... fever是“sound like+省略that的宾语从句”结构,其中:
(1)sound作连系动词,意为“听起来”,常接形容词或like引导的介词短语作表语。
(2)宾语从句作介词like的宾语。
Linda’s idea sounds bad.琳达的主意听起来很糟糕。
Her idea sounds like fun.她的主意听起来很有趣。
7.That’s probably why.
该句是省略句,完整句为“That’s probably why you have a headache and you can’t move your neck.”。
8.You need to take breaks away from the computer.
(1)take breaks是动词短语,意为“休息”。此外,表示“休息”还可用have a rest和take a break。
(2)away from the computer是介词短语作状语。away from在此意为“远离”。
Parents should keep their children away from danger.父母们应该使孩子远离危险。
9.I think I sat in the same way for too long without moving.
I think是主句,I...moving是省略that的宾语从句。该宾语从句中有三个介词短语。
(1)in the same way作方式状语,表示“以同样的方式”。
Now talk about yourself in the same way.现在以同样的方式谈论你自己。
(2)for too long作时间状语,表示“太长时间”。
He watches TV for too long.他看了太长时间电视。
(3)without moving作伴随状语,是伴随谓语sat发生的次要动作。
注意:without接动词时动词必须变为动名词形式,因此句中用了move的动名词moving。
He passed without seeing us.他过去了,并未看见我们。
10.I think you should lie down and rest.
lie down是不及物动词短语,意为“躺下”。
Why don't you lie down 你为什么不躺下呢
知识归纳:lie表示不同意思时,其现在分词、过去式,过去分词形式不同
撒谎 lie - lied - lied - lying
躺 lie - lay - lain - lying
放;产卵 lay - laid - laid - laying
The roster lied that the egg lying on the table was laid by him. 公鸡撒谎说桌子上躺着的那个鸡蛋是他生的。
11.If your head and neck still hurt tomorrow,then go to a doctor.
(1)hurt在此作不及物动词,意为“疼痛”,常用“身体部位”作主语。
Does your leg still hurt 你的腿还痛吗
知识拓展:hurt也可作为及物动词,意为“使受伤”,表示肉体或感情、精神上受到伤害。
You don’t mind my being frank, don’t you I don’t mean to hurt you.
你不介意我的坦率,是不是 我不想伤害你。
He is seriously hurt in a traffic accident.他在一次交通事故中受了重伤。
(2)go to a doctor是固定短语,表示“去看病”,a不能省略。该短语可与see a doctor互换。
I think you should go to a doctor/see a doctor now.我觉得你现在应该去看病。
12.At 9:00 a.m. yesterday,bus No.26 was going along Zhonghua Road when the driver saw an old man lying on the side of the road.
At......Road是主句。was going along Zhonghua Road用的是过去进行时,由“was+V-ing”构成,强调“go”在过去的时间里正在进行。
when...road是when引导的时间状语从句。when在此表示“这时”。when引导时间状语从句时,主句用过去进行时,从句要用一般过去时。
He was cleaning the blackboard when the teacher came in. 老师进来时,他正在擦黑板。
(3)saw an old man lying用的是“see sb(宾语)doing sth(宾补)”结构,表示“看到某人正在做某事”。lying是an old man发出的动作,该动作正在进行。
I saw him swimming in the river.我看见他在河里游泳。
知识回顾:see sb(宾语)do sth(宾补)表示“看到某人做了某事”,强调看到动作的全过程。do sth前必须省略动词不定式符号to,是由sb发出的动作。
I saw him swim across the river.我看见他游过了河。
13.He got off and asked the woman what happened.
got off是get off的过去式,在此是不及物动词短语,意为“下车”。其反义短语为get on。
You can get off here.你可以在这儿下车。
Here comes the school bus. Let’s get on.校车来了。我们上车吧。
知识拓展:get on和get off还可作及物动词短语,分别意为“上(车;船;飞机);下(车;船;飞机)。
You can get off the bus at the next stop.你可以在下一站下车。
He got on the boat, but he did not find an empty seat.他上了船,却没有找到空座位。
14.But to his surprise,they all agreed to go with him.
(1)句首用了短语to one’s surprise,表示“令某人吃惊的是”。该短语中的one’s常用形容词性物主代词。
To her surprise,she won the first prize.令她惊奇的是,她获得了一等奖。
(2)agreed to go用的是agree to do结构,表示“同意做某事”。agree作及物动词,意为“同意”,接动词做宾语时动词必须变为不定式结构。
I agree to help you.我同意帮你。
考点:考查to one’s surprise是固定短语,表“令某人吃惊的是的用法。
______my surprise,Jin Ming was chosen into our school football team.
—Congratulations.He did well____playing football when he was very young.
A.To;of B.At;at C. To;in D.In;about
解析:由于to one’s surprise是固定搭配,do well in是固定搭配,因此选C。
15.Some passengers helped Mr.Wang to move the man onto the bus.
onto是介词,意为“到...之上”,相当于on to,强调动作的运动方向。
He jumped onto/on to the horse. 他跳上马。
重要提示:以下情况的 on to 不能合写为onto:
(1)on 为副词
We must walk on to the next village. 我们必须继续走路去下一个村庄。
(2)on 后的 to 为不定式符号。
He went on to tell us an interesting story. 接着他给我们讲了个有趣的故事。
16.the man was saved by the doctors in time
was saved by the doctors是“was+save的过去分词”结构,这是一般过去时的被动语态结构。
by the doctors是by引导的介词短语,可翻译为“被”,表示“was saved”是由the doctor
发出的动作。
重要提示:主语为单数名词/I/he/she/it时,一般过去时的被动语态中的be动词用was;其它情况用were。
The flowers were watered just now.这些花刚刚被浇过水了。
考点:考查一般过去时的被动语态由“was/were+动词的过去分词”构成的用法。
These model cars_____in China in 2023.
A.are made B.were made C.make D.made
解析:由于“these model cars”无法发出动作,应用被动语态结构;又由于in 2013是过去的时间,要用一般过去时的被动语态,因此选B。
干扰项分析:A项是一般现在时的被动语态,C项是一般现在时的主动语态,D项是一般过去时的主动语态,和题干内容矛盾,排除ACD。
17.It’s sad that many people don’t want to help others because they don’t want any trouble.
这是“It is+形容词+that从句”句型。it是形式主语,真正的主语是that引导的从句 that...trouble,这样可避免因为主语过长而造成的头重脚轻现象。that引导主语从句时无词义,但不能省略。该主语从句中含有because引导的原因状语从句because ... trouble。
It is polite that students offer their seats to the old on the bus.
在公交车上学生给老人让座是礼貌的。
18.says one passenger
这是“主谓倒装”结构。当前句是“直接引语”,而且引语后面的主语是名词时,常用主谓倒装结构。
“Will you please carry it for me?”said the old man.“劳驾,帮我搬一下好吗?”老人说。
注意:如果直接引语中的主语是代词,则不用主谓倒装结构。
“Please help me.”he says.“请帮助我。”他说。
19.But the driver didn’t think about himself
(1)think about是动词短语,意为“考虑”,可接名词、代词、V-ing等作宾语。此时可与think of互换。
She is thinking about/of changing my work.她正在考虑换工作。
Let me think about/of this plan.我考虑下这个计划吧。
(2)himself是反身代词,意为“他自己”,作介词about的宾语,指代the driver。
知识归纳:反身代词的用法
构成方式
第一、二人称的反身代词是在相应的形容词性物主代词后加-self或-selves构成的。
I—myself we—ourselves
you(单数)— yourself
you(复数)— yourselves
b.第三人称的反身代词是由人称代词的宾格加-self或-selves构成的。
she—herself he—himself it—itself they—themselves
2)反身代词要和主语保持一致,句法功能如下:
a.作同位语(加强被修饰词的语气,紧放在被修饰名词后,或句末)
Mrs.Black herself is a lawyer. 布莱克太太本人就是一名律师。
Don’t trouble to come over yourself. 你不必费神亲自来了。
b.作动词或介词的宾语
He makes no complaint for himself. 他没为自己抱怨什么。
The child can dress himself. 这孩子能自己穿衣服了。
c.作表语
The poor boy is myself. 那个可怜的孩子就是我自己。
重要提示:在现代英语中,反身代词一般不能独立用作主语,但可借助 and, or, nor 等连词与其它名词一起构成并列主语(要位于并列主语之后)。
My brother and myself went there yesterday. 昨天我兄弟和我一起去了那儿。
考点:考查反身代词可作动词或介词的宾语,要和主语保持一致的用法。
(1)Boys, don’t lost ______ in playing Angry Birds. It is bad for your eyes to play computer games for a long time.
himself B. yourself C. themselves D.yourselves
解析:空所在句的意思是“男孩们,不要沉醉于玩愤怒的小鸟。”分析题干结构,所填内容和Boys是一种照应关系,故要用表示复数的反身代词;又由于本句是祈使句,祈使句是省略第二人称代词的句型,对比选项,yourselves符合这两个条件,故选D。
小贴士:lose oneself in doing是固定结构,表示“沉醉于”。
(2)If people have problems,they should not keep them to_____and should ask for help.
ourselves B.yourselves C.themselves D.itself
解析:空前的them指problems,keep sth to+反身代词是固定短语
,表示“保密”。又由于反身代词要和主语保持一致,they对应的反身代词是themselves,因此选C。
语法聚焦
1.What’s the matter 表示“(你)怎么啦?”,用法如下:
(1)matter作可数名词,意为“问题”,其前要用the修饰。
(2)该句型常用来询问对方的身体状况,也是医护人员询问病人的交际用语,可与What’s wrong互换。
句型拓展:询问某人的身体状况时,可用以下句型
What’s the matter with sb /What’s wrong with sb 表示“某人怎么了?”
What’s the matter(wrong)with you 你怎么了?
My head feels hot.我的头摸起来很烫。
考点:考查“What’s the matter ”用于询问对方身体状况的用法。
—______________
—I have a sore throat, doctor.
A. How are you, Nancy B. What do you do C. What’s the matter D. How’s the weather
解析:题意为“—_______?—医生,我喉咙有些痛。”根据答语可推断上句是询问对方的身体状况,对比选项,可知选C。
干扰项分析:How are you是见面时的问候语;What do you do询问职业;How’s the weather询问天气,故排除ABD。
2.have+不定冠词+疾病类名词表示“患有...病”,其中:
have作及物动词,意为“患有”,其后的不定冠词通常不省略,不能换成the。不定冠词后可用形容词作定语。
have a cough 咳嗽 have a bad cold重感冒
该短语是延续性动词短语,可与时间段连用,但不用于进行时。
I have a bad cold for several days. 我患重感冒几天了。
知识拓展:catch/get+不定冠词+“疾病类名词”表示“患有...病”,是短暂性动词短语,不能和时间段连用,也不用于进行时。
get/catch a cough 咳嗽
考点:考查have a+“疾病类名词”是延续性动词短语,可与时间段连用的用法。
—How long have you_____a cold
—For about three days.
A. taken B. got C. caught D. had
解析:题意为“—你感冒有多久了?—大约三天。”根据How long及答语“for +时间段”所提示的语境,可判断所填词为延续性动词,对比选项,had是have的过去分词,意为“患有”,为延续性动词,因此选D。
3.情态动词should表“应该”,用于各种人称,要与动词原形一起构成谓语。
(1)句型:
1)肯定句:主语+should+动词原形+其它.
I should talk about the problem.我应该谈论一下这个问题。
2)否定句:主语+shouldn’t/should not+动词原形+其它.
You shouldn’t/should not waste any time.你不应该浪费时间。
3)一般疑问句:Should+主语+动词原形+其他?肯定回答用yes,主语+should.;否定回答用No,主语+shouldn’t.
Should she go there alone 她应该一个人去那里吗?
Yes,she should.是的。
4)特殊疑问句:疑问词+should+主语+动词原形+其它?
What should we do now 我们现在应该做什么?
(2)用法:should用于提出建议(从说话人的个人角度来看应该要做某事)
You should brush your teeth before you go to bed. 你应该在睡觉前刷牙。
词语辨析:ought to与should的区别。
ought to意为“应该”,其后要接动词原形,是从“义务”或“按道理推断”的角度来看应该做某事,语气比should强。
You are her mother.You ought to look after her.你是她妈妈。你应该照顾她。
考点:考查should表“应该”,要接动词原形,是从个人角度提出建议;否定形式为shouldn’t,表“不应该”的用法。
As middle school students,we_____be afraid of difficulties if we want to make our dreams come true.
A.must B. shouldn't C.need
解析:空所在句的意思是“作为中学生,如果我们想要使梦想成真,我们_____害怕困难。”根据句意和选项,可判断本题应填表“不应该”的shouldn’t,因此选B。
Section B
1.Aron Ralston is an American man who is interested in mountain climbing.
who...climbing是关系代词who引导的定语从句,修饰先行词American man。它在该从句中作主语,不能省略。
知识归纳:who引导定语从句的用法
who引导定语从句时必须修饰表示人的先行词,在从句中可作主语或宾语,作宾语时可以省略。
who引导定语从句时常可与that互换;如果who在定语从句中作宾语,也可和它的宾格形式whom互换。
This is the teacher who/that teaches us English.这是教我们英语的老师。
He is the boy who/that/whom I met at the party.他是我在晚会上遇见的那个男孩。
考点:考查who引导定语从句时要修饰“人”,可在从句中作主语和宾语;whom引导定语从句时要修饰“人”,在从句中作宾语的用法。
(1)The woman_____is the most important in my life is my mother.
which B.who C.whom D.what
解析:_____is the...my life是定语从句,修饰the woman。由于该定语从句修饰人,且在从句中作主语,因此选B。
干扰项分析:which引导定语从句修饰物,whom引导定语从句修饰人,在从句中作宾语;what不引导定语从句;故排除ACD。
句型转换。
The girl is my cousin.The girl is wearing glasses.(改为定语从句)
The girl____ ____wearing glasses is my cousin.
解析:由于先行词引导的定语从句修饰表“人”的词,而且在从句中作主语,故关系代词要用who,不能用whom;又由于原句中用的is wearing是现在进行时,因此填who is。
小贴士:that引导定语从句时也可修饰表人的先行词,因此这题也可写成that is。
As a mountain climber,Aron is used to taking risks.
(1)As a mountain climber是as引导的介词短语。as在此意为“作为”,其后常接表示“职业;身份”的名词作宾语。
She works as a nurse in the hospital.她作为一名护士在医院工作。
(2)is used to taking risks用的是be used to doing短语,表示“习惯做某事”,be动词的形式由主语决定。该短语可与get used to doing互换。
We are/get used to cutting things with a knife.我们习惯用刀切东西。
用法辨析:used to、be used to do、be used to doing的区别
used to后要接动词原形,表示“过去常常做某事”。
I used to get up early in the morning.我过去常常早起。
2)be used to do表示“被用来做某事”。
The small knife is used to peel apples.这把小刀是用来削苹果的。
taking risks是take risks的动名词形式,意为“冒险”,也可用take a risk表达此意。
He is very young, but I am prepared to take a risk and give him a job.
他很年轻,但我已做好了准备,冒险雇用他。
考点:考查used to+动词原形表“过去常常做某事”;be used to+V-ing表“习惯做某事”;be used to do sth表“被用来做某事”的用法。
(1)This place____a factory but now it is a park.
used to being B.used to be C.is used to D.using to be
解析:题干意为“这个地方_____一个工厂,但是现在是一座公园。”根据句意和选项,可判断这是将过去和现在作对比;used to表示“过去常常”,其后要接动词原形,因此选B。
用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Isn’t it strange that the cat is used to_____ (lie) beside the dog peacefully
解析:题干意为“那只猫习惯于安静地____在这只狗的旁边,这难道不奇怪吗?”由于be used to在此意为“习惯于”,接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式;lie的V-ing形式是lying,故填lying。
(3)用所给单词的正确形式填空。
Your pocket money can be used to _____(support) charity, but you spent too much on snacks before.
解析:题干意为“你的零花钱能够被用来____慈善机构,但你之前花了很多钱在零食上。”由于be used to在此表“被用于”,故其后要接动词原形,因此填support。
3.There were many times when Aron almost lost his life because of accidents.
(1)when...accidents是when引导的定语从句,修饰先行词times。when是关系副词,引导定语从句时要修饰表示时间的词,在从句中作时间状语。
I still remember the day when I first arrived in Shanghai.
我仍然记得第一次到达上海的那一天。
almost是副词,在此意为“几乎”,修饰行为动词lost。almost修饰行为动词时要放在行为动词之前。
I almost missed my train in the morning.我早上差点错过火车了。
4.On April 26,2003,he found himself in a very dangerous situation when climbing in Utah.
(1)found himself in a very dangerous situation用的是“find sb(宾语)+介词短语(宾补)”结构(介词短语对sb作补充说明)。
I find him in the kitchen.我发现他在厨房里。
知识归纳:find+sb/sth+宾补的用法
1)“find sb/sth+过去分词”表示“发现某人被...”(过去分词表被动)
I find him beaten by Ann.
我发现他被安打败了。(beaten是beat的过去分词)
2)find sb/sth+名词/代词
We find her a beautiful baby.我们发现她是一个漂亮的婴孩。
3)find sb/sth+副词
Mary hurried there,only to find them out.玛丽匆忙赶到这里,结果发现他们出去了。
4)find sb/sth+形容词
I find him happy.我发现他很开心。
I find the story funny. 我觉得故事滑稽可笑。
5)“find sb/sth+现在分词”表示“发现某人正在做某事”(现在分词表主动且动作正在进行)
I found them lying on the sofa.我发现他们躺在沙发上。
We find a bird flying in the sky.我们发现一只鸟在空中飞。
(2)situation在此作可数名词,意为“形势;情况”,指多种具体情况造成的综合状态,强调这种状态的影响或和处于该状态的事物的关系。
international situation 国际形势
词语辨析:condition,situation,state都可作可数名词,表示“情况”,区别如下
state指人或物存在或所处的状态,但不强调这种状态和具体原因或条件的关系。
He is in a good state.他身体健康。
2)condition指由于一定的原因、条件或环境所产生的特定情况。
His condition will not permit him to travel.他的情况不允许他旅游。
(3)when climbing in Utah是when引导时间状语从句的省略结构,when后省略了he was。when引导时间状语从句的主语和主句的主语一致且从句的谓语含有be动词时,可用这种省略结构。
Turn off the lights when(you are)leaving the classroom.离开教室时关灯。
结构拓展:when后还可接形容词/名词/介词短语/过去分词构成省略结构。
She often cries when lonely.她寂寞时总是哭泣。
When a youth, she gained a prize in the poetic contest.年轻时她获得了诗歌竞赛中的一个奖项。
When in hiding, he never gave up his dreams.躲躲藏藏的日子里,他从未放弃过自己的梦想。
He gave good advice when asked.被问到时,他提出了很好的建议。(asked是ask的过去分词)
考点:考查find sb接动词作宾补时,如果动作表主动且正在进行,动词要变为V-ing形式的用法。
When I went into the room,I found _____ in bed.
A.him lying B.he lying C.he lies D.him was lying
解析:题干意为“当我走进房间时,我发现_____在床上。”对比选项,可判断这里要用found sb doing结构,表示“发现某人正在做”,故选A。
考点:考查“when+现在分词”相当于“when+主语+be+V-ing”;“when+过去分词”相当于“when+主语+be+过去分词”的用法。
He often sings when _______.
A. drive B. drives C. driving D. drove
解析:题干意为“当____时他常常唱歌。”对比选项,由于when接现在分词/过去分词构成省略结构,首先排除AB;又由于drive是“he”发出的动作,要用现在分词结构,即when(he is)driving,因此选C。
5.Aron’s arm was caught under a 2,000-kilo rock that fell on him when he was climbing by himself.
(1)that fell on him是关系代词that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词a 2,000-kilo rock。关系代词that在该定语从句中作主语,不能省略,但可与关系代词which互换。
The bag that/which lies on the floor is mine.地上的那个书包是我的。
句末用了by oneself短语,表示“独自”,作方式状语,oneself要和句中主语保持一致。该短语可与alone互换。
Can you do it by yourself/alone?这事你一个人干得了吗
But when his water ran out, he knew that he would have to do something to save his own life.
这是含有时间状语从句、宾语从句的复合句。其中:
(1)But when his water ran out是when引导的时间状语从句。ran out是run out的过去式,在此意为“用完”,是不及物动词短语,常以“事物”作主语。
You'd better go home before your money runs out.你最好别等钱花光再回家。
知识拓展:run out of意为“用完”,它的主语是“人”,其后要接名词或代词作宾语。
We run out of money.我们把钱用完了。
he.....life是主句,主句中包含了一个that引导的宾语从句。由于该宾语从句较长,故连词that不能省略。
to save his own life是动词不定式短语,作目的状语修饰would have to do something。
So he used his knife to cut off half his right arm.
(1)句中用了“use sth to do sth”结构,表示“使用某物做某事”,可与use sth for doing sth结构互换。
Man can use his hands to make tools.
= Man can use his hands for making tools.人能够用手制造工具。
(2)cut off是“及物动词+副词”类型的短语,意为“切断;切除”。若宾语为名词,名词放在off前后均可;宾语为代词,代词要位于cut与off之间。
A power cable is over there.Let’s cut it off.那边有一条电缆线。我们切断它。
8.After losing his arm, he wrote a book called Between a Rock and a Hard Place.
(1)After losing his arm是after引导的介词短语作时间状语。after作介词,意为“在...之后”,接动词时动词必须变为动名词形式,因此其后用了lose的动名词losing。
I feel tired after arriving at home.到家后我感到疲惫不堪。
重要提示:after还可作连词,引导时间状语从句。当主句的主语和从句的主语相同时,可将after引导的从句转换为“after+动名词”结构。
He went to bed after he did his homework.
=He went to bed after doing his homework.完成家庭作业后,他去睡觉了。
called... Place是过去分词短语,作后置定语修饰a book。过去分词短语在此表达被动含义,可转换为定语从句a book which/that was called Between a Rock and a Hard Place。
知识拓展:有时单个过去分词也可作后置定语。
The things listed are all to be bought.所列的东西全都是要买的。
用法辨析:现在分词及短语和过去分词及短语作后置定语的区别
单个现在分词或现在分词短语作后置定语修饰名词时,表主动或动作正在进行,也可转换为定语从句。
The man working is my uncle.
=The man who/that is working is my uncle.
在干活的人是我叔叔。(working表主动且动作正在进行)
There is a path leading to the church.
=There is a path which/that leads to the church.
有一条小路通往教堂。(leading to the church表“主动”)
考点:after引导时间状语从句时,如果主从句的主语相同,从句可转换为“after+动名词”结构的用法。
句型转换。
Mom felt tired after she cooked for the whole family.(改为简单句)
Mom felt tired after ___________ for the whole family.
解析:由于after作介词和连词时的含义相同,当after引导时间状语从句时,如果主从句的主语相同,可将after+从句转换为after+动名词(V-ing),因此为after cooking。
考点:考查单个过去分词或过去分词短语作后置定语表被动;单个现在分词或现在分词短语作后置定语表主动或动作正在进行的用法。
(1)Who’s the boy in white T-shirt _____ under the tree
A. stand B. to stand C. stood D. standing
解析:题干意为“____树下的那个穿着白色T恤衫的男孩是谁?”_____under the tree是后置定语修饰the boy,所填内容是the boy发出的动作,此时该动作正在进行,要用现在分词结构,因此选D。
(2)At least 300 million people are using QQ_______ by Ma Huateng to chat online.
A. create B. creates C. creating D. created
解析:题干意为“至少3亿人正在使用有马化腾____的QQ在网上聊天。”_______ by Ma Huateng是后置定语修饰QQ,QQ是被马化腾创造的,要用过去分词短语作后置定语,因此选D。
10. This means being in a difficult situation that you cannot seem to get out of.
(1)句中用了“mean+动名词”结构,表示“意味着...”。
That will mean wasting a lot of labour.那将意味着浪费许多劳动力。
用法辨析:mean+动名词和mean+不定式的区别
mean to do表示“打算做某事”。
I don't mean to waste any labour.我可没打算浪费劳动力。
that you...of是that引导的定语从句,修饰先行词situation。that在该定语从句中作介词of的宾语,可以省略,也可与关系代词which互换。
定语从句中用了“seem+动词不定式”结构,表示“似乎做某事”。seem在此作连系动词,意为“似乎”。
It seems to rain. 似乎要下雨。
知识回顾:seem作连系动词的其它用法
1)可接形容词、名词、介词短语作表语(这些成分前可省略to be)。
The students seemed(to be)tired after the basketball match.
篮球赛后学生们似乎很累。
He seems(to be)Linda’ s father.他似乎是琳达的爸爸。
They seem(to be)at home now.他们现在似乎在家。
2)seem like+名词表示“似乎像...”。
Some people say that UFO seems like a cigar.有些人说UFO似乎像一支雪茄。
3)“It seems/seemed+ that从句”表示“似乎......”。it指某种情况,连词that引导的从句是表语从句,that也可省略。
It seems(that)you are right.似乎你是对的。
注意:上述句型可转化为谓语为seem的简单句。
Your parents seem to be at home today.
= It seems that your parents are at home today.你父母今天好像在家。
Aron tells of the importance
tells of是tell of的三单形式,在此意为“谈及;讲述”。
Tell of a turning point in your career and what you learned.
讲述你职业生涯中的一个转折点,以及你学到了什么。
he kept on climbing mountains even after this experience.
kept on climbing mountains用的是“keep on doing sth”结构,表示“继续做某事”。keep on要接表示短暂动作的V-ing形式,强调动作反复,动作与动作之间有间隔。
He kept on talking and laughing when the teacher came into the classroom.
老师走进教室时,他还不断地说说笑笑。
13.Do we have the same spirit as Aron
句中用了“the same...as”结构,表示“与...一样”。as后可接名词和代词作宾语。
I have the same idea as you.我和你有同样的想法。
知识拓展:the same与as可连着写,表示“与...一样”。其反义短语为different from。
My cellphone is the same as yours.我的手机和你的一样。
My cellphone is different from yours.我的手机和你的不同。
14..Aron did not give up after the accident and keeps on climbing mountains today.
give up在此作不及物动词短语,意为“放弃”。
Never give up!决不放弃!
知识拓展:give up也可作及物动词短语,意为“放弃”,可接名词、代词作宾语;接名词时名词放在up前后均可,接代词时代词必须放在up之前;接动词时动词要变为动名词。
She didn’t give up her job when she got married.
=She didn’t give her job up when she got married.她未因结婚而放弃工作。
You should give up smoking.I gave it up last year.你应该戒烟。我去年就戒掉了。
考点:考查give up表“放弃”,作及物动词短语时接代词时代词必须放在up之前;接动词时动词要变为动名词形式的用法。
(1)Smoking is bad for health . I want to ________.
A.give up it B. give it up C. give up them D. give them up
解析:题干意为“吸烟有害健康。我想要____。”根据句意和选项,由于give up接代词时代词要放在up之前;又由于所填代词指代smoking,应用单数代词it,因此选B。
(2)She studies hard all the time; she never gives up____.
study B. to study C. studying D. to studying
解析:由于give up接动词时动词要变为V-ing形式,因此选C。