Passage 1
If you're interested in vegetarianism but still have a fondness for burgers and bacon, reducetarianism might be the ideal solution. Brian Kateman, author of The Reducetarian Solution, first coined the term "reducetarian" in 2015. He believes that reducing meat from your diet by just ten percent is enough to make someone a reducetarian.
Reducetarianism steers clear of the all - or - nothing approach of vegetarianism. Instead, it offers a flexible framework for reducing meat consumption. Vegetarianism is gaining popularity worldwide due to its significant health benefits, environmental advantages, and ethical considerations against meat - eating. Reducetarianism, on the other hand, celebrates every plant - based meal as a step towards reducing meat intake.
The Reducetarian Foundation (RF) encourages people to make "healthy, sustainable, and compassionate food choices" and is researching the most effective ways to promote meat - reduction. Their first in - house study found that simply reading a news article could motivate people to modify their meat - eating habits and change their views on animal treatment and factory farming for up to five weeks.
Reducetarianism isn't new, although the term has only been recently coined. While vegetarians are still in the minority globally, more and more people in many countries are eating less meat each year and choosing meat - free or plant - based meals more often. According to RF, becoming a reducetarian is as easy as committing to eating less meat over the next 30 days.
Who first used the term "reducetarian" A. Lauren Cahn B. Brian Kateman C. The Reducetarian Foundation D. A researcher in the Reducetarian Foundation
Where is this passage most likely from A. A health magazine B. A science textbook C. A travel guide D. A novel
What is the best title for the passage A. The Rise of Vegetarianism B. The All - or - Nothing Approach C. Should You Consider Reducetarianism D. The Reducetarian Foundation's Research
What does the underlined word "coined" in the second paragraph probably mean A. Discovered B. Used C. Created D. Copied
Passage 2
In the past, people either fixed things themselves or turned to local repair shops. However, as more products were manufactured overseas, the trend shifted. Replacing items, even big - ticket purchases like appliances, became more convenient than repairing them. But now, a change is underway.
Legislative measures are playing a role in this shift. According to Ricardo Cepeda Marquez from C40, a global network fighting climate change, these measures both respond to and encourage the public's desire to repair. Repairing presents an opportunity to become aware of our collective consumption and the pressing need to reduce waste.
Online repair manuals have also contributed to the fix - it revolution. Take as an example. It has facilitated over 100 million repairs. iFixit started in the early 2000s. Its co - founder and CEO, Kyle Wiens from California, dropped his Apple laptop and found there were no repair instructions available. With the help of his classmate and co - founder Luke Soules, Wiens, who was familiar with taking apart radios and appliances as a child, managed to fix the computer through trial and error. Then, they wrote a manual based on their experience and posted it on a website they created - .
Over twenty years later, iFixit has grown significantly. The availability of repair information online, like what iFixit provides, is making it easier for people to repair items on their own, thus fueling the fix - it revolution and promoting a more sustainable approach to consumption.
Why did people tend to replace items rather than repair them A. Because local repair shops charged too much. B. Because items were of poor quality and not worth repairing. C. Because more items were manufactured overseas and replacement was more convenient. D. Because people didn't have the skills to repair things.
What is the author's purpose in writing this passage A. To introduce the history of . B. To call on people to fight against climate change. C. To encourage people to buy more products from local manufacturers. D. To introduce the fix - it revolution and the factors contributing to it.
Which of the following is the best title for the passage A. The Rise of B. Legislative Measures for Repairing C. The Fix - It Revolution: A Shift in Consumption D. Online Repair Manuals and Their Influence
What does the underlined word "facilitated" in the third paragraph probably mean A. Prevented B. Made easier C. Delayed D. Hindered
Passage 3
Ella Mills, the creator of the Deliciously Ella plant - based food empire, has an interesting take on wellness. She notes that the stranger aspects of wellness often make the headlines. "What's interesting is that we really do tend to talk about the slightly weirder, wackier, and more extreme things," says the 32 - year - old Mills.
However, Mills also appreciates that these wild stories don't give the best picture of what self - care truly is. She believes that taking care of yourself doesn't have to involve spending hundreds of pounds a month. A lot of the conversation around wellness focuses on the niche, on things that seem wildly out of reach for many due to various reasons like financial constraints or environmental impact.
Mills points out that simpler ways of self - care aren't as widely covered. She realizes that for the average person, having a carrot, a lentil, or a chickpea isn't as eye - catching as some extreme wellness trends. But whether it's eating an extra portion of vegetables or having meat - free Mondays, these actions can have a positive environmental impact.
She also advocates moving away from the all - or - nothing mindset that seems to permeate the wellness industry. It's okay to go out and have pizza and a beer one day and then focus on a lentil - based meal the next. It's about balance. Just because you've made a choice to reduce meat intake or increase fibre and nutrient - rich foods doesn't mean you have to be perfect all the time. In Mills' view, true wellness should be relatable, accessible, and affordable for everyone.
What does Ella Mills think of the wellness trends often in the headlines A. They are practical ways of self - care. B. They are the best examples of self - care. C. They are slightly strange and extreme. D. They are relatable and accessible to all.
What is Ella Mills' attitude towards the all - or - nothing mindset in the wellness industry A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
What is the best title for the passage A. Ella Mills and Her Plant - based Food Empire B. The Extreme Wellness Trends in the Media C. True Wellness: Relatable, Accessible, and Affordable D. The Financial and Environmental Impact of Wellness
What does the underlined word "permeate" in the fourth paragraph probably mean A. Leave B. Enter and spread through C. Avoid D. ProtectPassage 1
If you're interested in vegetarianism but still have a fondness for burgers and bacon, reducetarianism might be the ideal solution. Brian Kateman, author of The Reducetarian Solution, first coined the term "reducetarian" in 2015. He believes that reducing meat from your diet by just ten percent is enough to make someone a reducetarian.
Reducetarianism steers clear of the all - or - nothing approach of vegetarianism. Instead, it offers a flexible framework for reducing meat consumption. Vegetarianism is gaining popularity worldwide due to its significant health benefits, environmental advantages, and ethical considerations against meat - eating. Reducetarianism, on the other hand, celebrates every plant - based meal as a step towards reducing meat intake.
The Reducetarian Foundation (RF) encourages people to make "healthy, sustainable, and compassionate food choices" and is researching the most effective ways to promote meat - reduction. Their first in - house study found that simply reading a news article could motivate people to modify their meat - eating habits and change their views on animal treatment and factory farming for up to five weeks.
Reducetarianism isn't new, although the term has only been recently coined. While vegetarians are still in the minority globally, more and more people in many countries are eating less meat each year and choosing meat - free or plant - based meals more often. According to RF, becoming a reducetarian is as easy as committing to eating less meat over the next 30 days.
细节理解题（直接信息题）: Who first used the term "reducetarian" A. Lauren Cahn B. Brian Kateman C. The Reducetarian Foundation D. A researcher in the Reducetarian Foundation
推理判断题（文章出处题）: Where is this passage most likely from A. A health magazine B. A science textbook C. A travel guide D. A novel
主旨归纳题（判断最佳标题）: What is the best title for the passage A. The Rise of Vegetarianism B. The All - or - Nothing Approach C. Should You Consider Reducetarianism D. The Reducetarian Foundation's Research
猜测词义题（根据上下文）: What does the underlined word "coined" in the second paragraph probably mean A. Discovered B. Used C. Created D. Copied
答案
答案: B 解析: 根据第二段 “Brian Kateman, author of The Reducetarian Solution, first coined the term "reducetarian" in 2015.” 可知，是 Brian Kateman 首次使用了 “reducetarian” 这个词，所以答案是 B。
答案: A 解析: 文章主要围绕 reducetarianism（减少肉类饮食主义）展开，介绍了其概念、与素食主义的区别、相关组织的研究以及其在全球的趋势等，内容与健康饮食相关。A 选项 “健康杂志” 符合文章出处；B 选项科学教科书通常是更系统、学术性的科学知识讲解；C 选项旅游指南主要是关于旅游景点等内容；D 选项小说是虚构的故事，均不符合文章内容，所以答案是 A。
答案: C 解析: 文章开篇提出如果你对素食主义感兴趣但又喜欢吃肉，reducetarianism 可能是理想解决方案，接着介绍了其相关信息，整体围绕是否应该考虑 reducetarianism 展开，C 选项 “你应该考虑减少肉类饮食主义吗？” 最适合作为标题；A 选项 “素食主义的兴起” 只是文章部分内容；B 选项 “全有或全无的方法” 只是对比引出 reducetarianism；D 选项 “减少肉类饮食主义基金会的研究” 也只是文章一部分，所以答案是 C。
答案: C 解析: 根据语境 “Brian Kateman, author of The Reducetarian Solution, first coined the term "reducetarian" in 2015.” 可知，Brian Kateman 是第一个使用 “reducetarian” 这个术语的人，结合常识，这里应该是创造了这个术语，“coined” 有 “创造（新词等）” 的意思，与 created 意思相近，所以答案是 C。
Passage 2
In the past, people either fixed things themselves or turned to local repair shops. However, as more products were manufactured overseas, the trend shifted. Replacing items, even big - ticket purchases like appliances, became more convenient than repairing them. But now, a change is underway.
Legislative measures are playing a role in this shift. According to Ricardo Cepeda Marquez from C40, a global network fighting climate change, these measures both respond to and encourage the public's desire to repair. Repairing presents an opportunity to become aware of our collective consumption and the pressing need to reduce waste.
Online repair manuals have also contributed to the fix - it revolution. Take as an example. It has facilitated over 100 million repairs. iFixit started in the early 2000s. Its co - founder and CEO, Kyle Wiens from California, dropped his Apple laptop and found there were no repair instructions available. With the help of his classmate and co - founder Luke Soules, Wiens, who was familiar with taking apart radios and appliances as a child, managed to fix the computer through trial and error. Then, they wrote a manual based on their experience and posted it on a website they created - .
Over twenty years later, iFixit has grown significantly. The availability of repair information online, like what iFixit provides, is making it easier for people to repair items on their own, thus fueling the fix - it revolution and promoting a more sustainable approach to consumption.
细节理解题（直接信息题）: Why did people tend to replace items rather than repair them A. Because local repair shops charged too much. B. Because items were of poor quality and not worth repairing. C. Because more items were manufactured overseas and replacement was more convenient. D. Because people didn't have the skills to repair things.
推理判断题（写作意图题）: What is the author's purpose in writing this passage A. To introduce the history of . B. To call on people to fight against climate change. C. To encourage people to buy more products from local manufacturers. D. To introduce the fix - it revolution and the factors contributing to it.
主旨归纳题（判断最佳标题）: Which of the following is the best title for the passage A. The Rise of B. Legislative Measures for Repairing C. The Fix - It Revolution: A Shift in Consumption D. Online Repair Manuals and Their Influence
猜测词义题（根据上下文）: What does the underlined word "facilitated" in the third paragraph probably mean A. Prevented B. Made easier C. Delayed D. Hindered
答案
答案: C 解析: 根据第二段 “However, as more products were manufactured overseas, the trend shifted. Replacing items, even big - ticket purchases like appliances, became more convenient than repairing them.” 可知，人们倾向于更换物品而不是修理，是因为更多物品在海外制造，更换更方便，所以选 C。
答案: D 解析: 文章开篇介绍过去和现在人们对待物品维修的不同态度，接着提到立法措施和在线维修手册（以 iFixit 为例）对 “修复革命” 的推动作用，整体是在介绍 “修复革命” 以及促成它的因素，所以作者的写作意图是 D。
答案: C 解析: 文章围绕 “修复革命” 展开，讲述了它的背景、推动因素以及其代表 iFixit 的相关情况，强调这是一种消费方式的转变，C 选项 “修复革命：消费的转变” 最能概括文章主旨；A 选项只提到了 iFixit，过于片面；B 选项立法措施只是其中一个方面；D 选项在线维修手册也只是部分内容，所以选 C。
答案: B 解析: 根据第三段 “The popular how - to site has facilitated more than 100 million repairs.” 以及后文对 iFixit 帮助人们获取维修信息的描述可知，iFixit 这个网站使得超过 1 亿次的维修变得更容易，“facilitated” 意思是 “使更容易”，与 “Made easier” 意思相近，所以选 B。
Passage 3
Ella Mills, the creator of the Deliciously Ella plant - based food empire, has an interesting take on wellness. She notes that the stranger aspects of wellness often make the headlines. "What's interesting is that we really do tend to talk about the slightly weirder, wackier, and more extreme things," says the 32 - year - old Mills.
However, Mills also appreciates that these wild stories don't give the best picture of what self - care truly is. She believes that taking care of yourself doesn't have to involve spending hundreds of pounds a month. A lot of the conversation around wellness focuses on the niche, on things that seem wildly out of reach for many due to various reasons like financial constraints or environmental impact.
Mills points out that simpler ways of self - care aren't as widely covered. She realizes that for the average person, having a carrot, a lentil, or a chickpea isn't as eye - catching as some extreme wellness trends. But whether it's eating an extra portion of vegetables or having meat - free Mondays, these actions can have a positive environmental impact.
She also advocates moving away from the all - or - nothing mindset that seems to permeate the wellness industry. It's okay to go out and have pizza and a beer one day and then focus on a lentil - based meal the next. It's about balance. Just because you've made a choice to reduce meat intake or increase fibre and nutrient - rich foods doesn't mean you have to be perfect all the time. In Mills' view, true wellness should be relatable, accessible, and affordable for everyone.
细节理解题（直接信息题）: What does Ella Mills think of the wellness trends often in the headlines A. They are practical ways of self - care. B. They are the best examples of self - care. C. They are slightly strange and extreme. D. They are relatable and accessible to all.
推理判断题（态度倾向题）: What is Ella Mills' attitude towards the all - or - nothing mindset in the wellness industry A. Supportive. B. Opposed. C. Indifferent. D. Ambiguous.
主旨归纳题（判断最佳标题）: What is the best title for the passage A. Ella Mills and Her Plant - based Food Empire B. The Extreme Wellness Trends in the Media C. True Wellness: Relatable, Accessible, and Affordable D. The Financial and Environmental Impact of Wellness
猜测词义题（根据上下文）: What does the underlined word "permeate" in the fourth paragraph probably mean A. Leave B. Enter and spread through C. Avoid D. Protect
答案
答案: C 解析: 根据第二段 “What's interesting is that we really do tend to talk about the slightly weirder, wackier, and more extreme things,” says the 32 - year - old Mills. 可知，Ella Mills 认为经常出现在头条的健康趋势有点奇怪和极端，所以选 C。
答案: B 解析: 从第四段 She also advocates moving away from the all - or - nothing mindset that seems to permeate the wellness industry. 可知，Ella Mills 主张摆脱健康行业中这种 “非此即彼” 的心态，所以她对这种心态是反对的，选 B。
答案: C 解析: 文章主要讲述了 Ella Mills 对健康的看法，她认为真正的健康应该是与大众相关的、可获得的和负担得起的，C 选项最能概括文章主旨；A 选项只提到了她和她的食品帝国，偏离主题；B 选项只是文章部分内容；D 选项健康的财务和环境影响也只是文章一部分，所以选 C。
答案: B 解析: 根据语境 She also advocates moving away from the all - or - nothing mindset that seems to permeate the wellness industry. 可知，这种 “非此即彼” 的心态似乎在健康行业中广泛存在，“permeate” 意思是 “进入并传播”，与 “Enter and spread through” 意思相近，所以选 B。
