外研版（2019）必修 第三册Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you Using language学案（含答案）

Unit 1 Knowing me, knowing you Using language
一重点单词
duty __________________
accident __________________
ensure __________________
annoyed __________________
annoying __________________
adjust __________________
adjustable __________________
adjustment __________________
complexity __________________
complex __________________
forgive __________________
forgiveness __________________
criticize __________________
embarrassment __________________
重点短语
偶然;意外地 __________________
看不起 __________________
领先 __________________
适应 __________________
settle down __________________
get along with __________________
complain about __________________
look on __________________
重难知识点
例句：
Compared with you, I still have a long way to go.
The patient got off the bed, supported by the nurse.
The cup fell down to the ground, broken.
总结：
句子中动词-ed形式都作状语，其逻辑主语都是句子的主语，与主语间为被动含义。
动词－-ed形式的位置可以在句子开头、中间和末尾。
以上句子中的动词-ed形式分别作原因、时间、条件、让步、方式、结果状语。
过去分词作状语——基本用法：
1. 过去分词作状语的功能
过去分词作状语时，表示的动作是主语动作的一部分，与谓语表示的动作或状态是同时或几乎同时发生的，有时先于谓语动词的动作发生；其逻辑主语通常是句子的主语；过去分词与主语之间是逻辑上的动宾关系。
Built thirty years ago, the house looks very beautiful.
虽然这座房子是30年前建造的，但是它看起来很漂亮。
He walked slowly in the forest, followed by a dog.
他在森林里慢慢地走着，一条狗跟着他。
2. 过去分词作状语的类型
过去分词作状语时，可以表示原因、条件、让步、时间、方式和伴随状况。过去分词作方式状语和伴随状语时可以变为并列分句，作其他状语时可以变为相应的状语从句。
3. 过去分词作状语的位置
过去分词作状语时，通常放在句首或句末，有时也可放在句中。
4. 注意事项
过去分词作状语时，有时为了强调，前面可带有连词，如：when, while, if, though, as if, unless等，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构，以使句意表达得更清楚。
Unless constantly repeated, the English words are easily forgotten.
这些英语单词很容易忘记，除非不断重复（记忆）。
过去分词作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致（现在分词作状语同样如此）， 否则需加上自己的主语，构成独立主格结构。
Employed in reading, he didn't notice me come in.
他专心诗书，没有注意到我进来。 (employ的逻辑主语是he)
有些形容词化的过去分词，作状语时不强调被动而重在描述主语的状态。这样的过去分词（短语）常见的有：lost （迷失的），seated （坐下来的），hidden （隐藏的），lost/absorbed in （沉浸于），dressed in（穿着），tired of （厌烦）等。
Lost in thought, he didn't hear the bell.
由于陷入沉思之中，他没有听到铃声。
四、基础自测
1.She went into the park slowly, ______ (follow) by a dog.
2.______ (surround) by reporters who had been lying in wait, he felt annoyed.
3.Penicillin was discovered______ accident in 1928, which is widely available now.
4.He was beginning to get______ (annoy) with me about my laziness.
5.Once______ (publish), the novel caused a sensation. And since then, the contention for its genre has never stopped.
6.Health experts regularly criticise them severely______ selling food that makes people fat.
7.Learning to adjust _____ new surroundings is a challenge, especially to those shy children.
8.The _______________(embarrass) look on her face showed that she hadn't expected my arrival.
9.The _____(complex) of the language made it challenging for the foreigner to learn.
10.Some medicine, if wrongly ______(take), can kill a person.
五、拓展练习
短文填空
The newly designed robots can aid people with physical tasks and many other social services. For example, ①_____(give) a certain instruction, a service robot can help move objects from one place to another within a home. It can also help the person to contact his or her doctor or give the person daily reminders. ②_____(employ) by families with children, a service robot can make the time parents spend doing household chores ③_____(reduce). It might also make parents less worried, because they know that glassware, for example, won't be possibly broken by children when ④_____(collect) by a service robot. ⑤_____(design) with such functions, service robots are gaining wide popularity in the world.
阅读理解
Jeffrey Hall, a teacher of Communications from the University of Kansas(KU), has used his research to define(明确) the exact amount of time necessary to make friends with someone. He's also found how long it will take to deepen a relationship. His new study found that it takes around 50 hours of time together to go from being someone's acquaintance(泛泛之交) to casual(感情不深的) friend. It takes about 90 hours to go from being casual friends to friends, and more than 200 hours before considering someone a close friend or best friend.
But it isn't spending just any kind of time together that deepens a friendship—hours spent working together, for example, don't count as much as hours spent getting to know someone by hanging out, joking around, playing video games, and doing more playful activities. The study explains that these kinds of activities help us to form a deeper connection with someone. "We have to put that time in," Hall said. "You can't make a friend without any effort."
The results of the study come from analysis of 355 responses to an online survey from adults who said they had moved in the last six months and were looking for new friends in their new homes. Survey participants were asked about new relationships as well as hours spent together and activities they did. They were then asked to rate their resulting relationships according to one of four stages: acquaintance, casual friend, friend and close friend.
The main conclusion that Hall came to is that making close friends takes serious effort. So if you want to have some best friends, you have to know that spending time with someone is the most important thing.
1. How long does it take to turn an acquaintance into a friend
A. About 50 hours. B. About 90 hours. C. About 140 hours. D. About 200 hours.
2. What does the underlined part "that time" in Paragraph 2 refer to
A. Time spent working together. B. Time spent finding new friends.
C. Time spent helping a new friend. D. Time spent doing fun things together.
3. Which may help deepen a friendship according to the study
A. Trying to understand your friend's feelings.
B. Enjoying quality time with your friend.
C. Treating a new friend like a close one.
D. Being generous to your friend.
4. What is the main purpose of the text
A. To solve a relationship problem. B. To introduce a teacher from KU.
C. To present the findings of a new study. D. To discuss the importance of friendship.
答案以及解析
一、
n.职责;义务;责任
n.意外事件;偶然因素
v.确保;保证
adj.颇为生气的
adj.使人烦恼的
vi.& vt.调整;(使)适应
adj.可调整的
n.调节;适应
n.复杂性;错综复杂
adj.复杂的
vt.原谅;饶恕
n.原谅
v.批评;指责
n.窘迫;尴尬
二、
by accident
look down on
take the lead
adjust to
安顿下来
和……相处
抱怨
看待
四、
1.答案：followed
解析：句意为:她慢慢地走进公园,身后跟着一条狗。分析句子结构可知,句中已有谓语went into,其与设空处之间无连词连接,设空处应用非谓语形式;follow与主语 She之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词作状语。故填 followed。
2.答案：Surrounded
解析：句意为:被暗中守候的记者们团团围住,他感到很恼火。分析句子结构可知,句子的谓语为felt,与设空处之间无连词连接,设空处应用非谓语形式,在句中作状语;surround与主语he之间为逻辑上的被动关系,应用过去分词。故填 Surrounded。
3.答案：by
解析：句意为:青霉素是在1928年被偶然发现的,现在被广泛使用。by accident 意为“意外地;偶然”,为固定短语。
4.答案：annoyed
解析：句意为:他开始对我的懒惰感到恼火。be/get annoyed with sb 意为“生某人的气”,为固定搭配。
5.答案：published
解析：句意为:这部小说一经出版就引起了轰动。从那时起,关于这部小说体裁的争议就从未停止过。分析句子结构可知,Once引导的状语从句中的主语和主句主语一致,且 publish 与主语the novel之间为被动关系,可以省略从句中的主语和be动词,故用过去分词形式。
6.答案：for
解析：句意为:健康专家经常严厉批评他们出售让人发胖的食品。criticise sb/sth for sth为固定搭配,意为“因某事批评某人/某事物”。故填for。
7.答案：to
解析：考查介词。句意:学习适应新的环境是一个挑战,特别是对那些害羞的孩子来说。adjust to意为“适应”。
8.答案：embarrassed
解析：考查词性转换。句意：她脸上尴尬的表情表明她没料到我的到来。embarrassed尴尬的，表示人的感受。
9.答案：complexity
解析：考查名词。句意:该语言的复杂性使外国人学习变得具有挑战性。根据空前冠词The和空后介词of可知,本空应用名词形式,在句中作主语。
10.答案：taken
解析：句子的谓语动词是can kill，因此take"服用"使用其非谓语形式，与逻辑主语medicines构成被动的关系，因此使用动词的过去分词形式。故答案为：taken。
五、
短文填空：
答案：①given②Employed③reduced④collected⑤Designed
解析：①本句的谓语是can help,但是本空给出的提示词是动词,因此要用非谓语形式。a service robot与give之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词作状语。
②本句中已有谓语动词,但是本空给出的提示词是动词,因此要用非谓语形式。a service robot与employ 之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词作状语。
③分析句子可知,parents spend doing household chores为省略了引导词that或which的定语从句,修饰前面的time,设空处与前面的make the time构成“make+宾语+宾补”结构,the time 与reduce之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词作宾语补足语。
④分析句子可知,collect与其逻辑主语glassware之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词作状语。
⑤本句的谓语是are gaining,但是本空给出的提示词是动词,因此要用非谓语形式。service robots与design之间是被动关系,因此用过去分词作状语。
阅读理解：
1.答案：C
解析：细节理解题。由第一段中的"it takes around 50 hours of time together to go from being someone's acquaintance (泛泛之交) to casual (感情不深的) friend. It takes about 90 hours to go from being casual friends to friends"可知,把一个泛泛之交变成真正的朋友需要大约140个小时的相处时间,故C项正确。
2.答案：D
解析：词义猜测题。分析第二段的内容可知, that time指的是朋友们在一起做有趣的事情的时间,故本题选D项。
3.答案：B
解析：细节理解题。由第二段和最后一段可知,这项研究告诉我们,多花一点儿时间与朋友一起做些有意思的事情有助于增进友谊,故选B项。
4.答案：C
解析：写作目的题。通读全文可知,本文报道了一项新的研究成果,即交朋友以及加深友谊都需要相应的时间投入及认真的付出。故选C项。