上海市2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题(无答案)
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| 名称 | 上海市2024-2025学年高一上学期期末考试英语试题(无答案) |  | |
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| 版本资源 | 人教版（2019） | ||
| 科目 | 英语 | ||
| 更新时间 | 2025-02-13 11:18:01 | ||
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2024-2025学年第一学期
高一英语期末考试卷
(满分160分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上)
考试说明:试卷最后的挑战题为非必答题，分值10分
第一卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25')
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.A. 30 minutes. B. 10 minutes. C. 20 minutes. D. 40 minutes.
2. A. The woman’s classmate. B. The speakers’ old friend.
C. The man’s daughter. D. The speaker’s new neighbour.
3. A. She has lost her purse. B. She has gone to a wrong place.
C. She has forgotten to meet the man. D. She has definitely missed the bus.
4. A. Time for breakfast. B. Availability of room service.
C. Opening hours of the dining room. D. Number of rooms.
5. A. Send him back to the airport. B. Keep him company.
C. Take care of his luggage. D. See what is wrong with his eyes.
6. A. A convenience store. B. An airport.
C. A theatre. D. A train station.
7. A. He feels sorry to have missed the football game.
B. He went to the concert but thought it was boring.
C. He regretting not attending the concert.
D. He is more interested in football.
8. A. He is no longer what he was like. B. He is as shy as she thought.
C. He is turning to her for help. D. He is actually outgoing.
9. A. She eats a lot of sweet food. B. She will cut down on smoking.
C. She has already lost some weight. D. She is serious about the man’s suggestion.
10. A. She’s worried about the results of her experiment.
B. She realizes the equipment is easily damaged.
C. She won’t forget to put away the equipment.
D. She always performs experiments carefully.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A woman pilot. B. A flight across the Atlantic.
C. Flying lessons for women. D. Prejudice against women pilots.
12. A. When she first saw a plane at a fair.
B. When a plane flew close at a flying exhibition.
C. When she was listening to Anita Snook’s lesson.
D. When she was awarded her pilot’s license.
13. A. Amelia Earhart succeeded in flying around the world.
B. Amelia Earhart became the first woman passenger.
C. Amelia Earhart failed to fly across the Atlantic.
D. Amelia Earhart went missing with her plane.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
14. A. Many corner shops have been closed down.
B. Its Europe market is shrinking on the whole.
C. Teenagers no longer love the drinks it produces.
D. Smaller newsagents refuse to install its sweets machines.
15.A. 886m. B. 6m. C. 212m. D. 7m.
16. A. The market for chocolate is expanding in an unusual way.
B. A sweets company faces competition against mobile phones.
C. Mobile phone top-up cards do more harm than sweets to teenagers.
D. Traditional sales channels seem to work less well than they used to.
Ouestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The man’s job. B. The woman’s hobby.
C. The man’s understanding of photography. D. The woman’s desire to be a photographer.
18. A. Illustrate ideas by means of combining several objects.
B. Design darkrooms for those who need to create images.
C. Make a logical image by putting several images together.
D. Come up with new approaches to dealing with abstract ideas.
19. A. Being patient. B. Being wealthy. C. Being inspiring. D. Being fit.
20. A. He has seen his works in thousands of posters and postcards.
B. People are willing to buy his works because they really like them.
C. An art director in an agency hopes to employ a trendy photographer.
D. Rich people are more likely to walk into a gallery to enjoy his works.
Ⅱ. Multiple Choices (25')
21. Across various Chinese social media platforms, hashtags and keywords related to Citywalk _____ popularity as more and more people share their experiences online.
A. are gaining B. is gaining C. gained D. has gained
22._____ at her desk and reflecting on her life one day, Rachel wanted to go down to the New School for Social Research all of a sudden.
A. Seating B. Being seated C. Seated D. Having seated
23. The ravages of war and neglect have left behind nothing but hollow remnants (残迹) in places _____ would have once been busy centers of culture and commerce.
A. in which B. what C. where D. which
24. The detective didn’t discover until he accidentally entered the small cabin ______ someone had tried to destroy the evidence.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
25. The Song dynasty is considered as the peak of Chinese traditional culture, ______ the makeup and clothing of females are simple and elegant.
A. whose B. when C. which D. what
26. ______ wins the election is going to face immense pressure to enact immediate reforms, as the public demand for change has reached an unprecedented level of urgency.
A. No matter who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who
27. When I try to understand ______ that motivated the sudden shift in public opinion, I am confronted with a complex interplay of socio-political factors and media influence.
A. what it was B. which was it C. how it was D. why was it
28. After the civil war, the damage and suffering _____ caused extended far beyond the immediate fatalities, leading to long-term socioeconomic instability and sense of collective trauma.
A. which B. as C. what D.it
29. ______ has recently been done to improve the conditions of elementary schools, a great number of children are unable to go to school.
A. That B. What C. In spite of what D. Though what
30. If, ______ was often the case 50 years ago, opposing team were unfit and underprepared, the professional extra planning and more training would yield a competitive edge.
A. where B. as C. when D. what
31. *The scientific community often faces challenges in accurately ______ complex phenomenon, particularly when trying to categorize ambiguous data that doesn’t neatly fit established definitions or frameworks.
A. labeling B. experimenting C. grabbing D. intending
32.*The newly appointed CEO was eager to ______the challenge of revitalizing the company’s declining market share, believing that innovative strategies would drive growth and customer engagement.
A. take off B. take on C. take down D. take in
33.* ______ environmental protection, recent studies suggest that adopting innovative solutions could significantly reduce carbon emissions and relieve the effects of climate change.
A. With regard to B. On the basis of C. In view of D. In case of
34. *In the harshest of environments, certain species have developed unique physiological adaptations to ______ extreme temperatures, scarce food sources, and the absence of conventional shelter.
A. stimulate B. secure C. suffer D. survive
35. *During periods of scarcity, governments often enact policies to ______ essential goods, ensuring equitable distribution and preventing monopolization of resources by individuals or corporations.
A. inspect B. ration C. hatch D. integrate
36.*To accurately ______ the success of the program, researchers must assess not only the quantitative outputs but also the qualitative improvements in user satisfaction and system efficiency.
A. oppose B. treasure C. negotiate D. evaluate
37. *Despite the extremely bad weather, the researchers were determined to ______ at the conference, showcasing their latest findings on climate change mitigation strategies.
A. show up B. show off C. show around D. show through
38. *It is often too simplistic to ______ technological failures solely on human error, as systemic issues related to design flaws, lack of training, and insufficient oversight also play a critical role.
A. accuse B. criticize C. blame D. owe
39. *The newly revised budget must ______ unexpected operational costs, including the need for additional security measures and compliance with recently introduced industry standards.
A. negotiate with B. account for C. proceed with D. care for
40. *The total financial investment in the project is projected to ______ over $50 million, with anticipated returns expected to exceed the initial outlay within the first five years.
A. respond to B. cater to C. amount to D. restrict to
41. *The success of the initiative can be largely ______ to the team’s innovative approach to problem-solving, which combined cutting-edge technology with a deep understanding of user needs.
A. opposed B. predicted C. postponed D. credited
42.* ______ their technical expertise, the researchers also demonstrated exceptional leadership and teamwork skills, ensuring that the project ran smoothly and met all the established milestones.
A. With reference to B. By means of C. Apart from D. At the mercy of
43. *Ambulance crews were ______ to the injured, coordinating with local hospitals to ensure rapid and efficient care, while managing the chaotic scene to prevent further harm and stabilize patients.
A. caring B. tending C. treating D. curing
44. *The play is an ideal ______ for her talents, providing a platform to showcase her profound emotional range, allowing her to explore complex characters with depth and nuance.
A. vehicle B. inspection C. resolution D. scene
45. *The study of early human societies reveals that ______ tools, though seemingly underdeveloped, were crucial in shaping the development of cultural practices and technological innovations that laid the foundation for modern civilization.
A. representative B. primitive C. secondary D. recreational
Ⅲ. Vocabulary(1.5*20*=30*)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can on used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
A. chemically B. ingredients C. observational D. softened E. striking F. investigating G. imposed H. concentrations I. obesity J. objectively K. classification
Scientists are learning why ultra-processed foods are bad for you
For millennia, people have altered food to please their palates. More than 3,000 years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked corn kernels in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and 46 the tough outer shells of the corn, making them easier to grind.
According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021. In that time, 47 rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is overweight.
Now concerns are growing that the heavy processing may itself be harmful. A particular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), a relatively recent label put forward by Carlos Monteiro, a Brazilian scientist. Robert F. Kennedy junior, Donald Trump’s nominee for secretary of health, has likened processed food to “poison” and promised to reduce the share of UPFs in American diets. In November 2023 Colombia 48 a tax on highly processed foods and drinks. In Britain parliamentarians are 49 the effects of UPFs on people's health.
In 2009 Dr Monteiro came up with a 50 system, called Nova, that sorts foods into four buckets depending on the degree of processing they undergo. The first group includes minimally processed foods like fruit and milk. The second covers basic 51 like butter and sugar. Next are foods like canned vegetables and bread.
The last group, UPFs, represent heavily processed items like fizzy drinks, sugary cereals and frozen pizzas. These are made with ingredients not typically found in a home kitchen, such as hydrogenated oils or flavouring agents. These are 52 modified and reassembled along with additives like artificial colours to make the food more appealing. UPFs often contain higher 53 of fat, sugar and salt than processed foods, which could explain their negative effects.
Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many competing factors that could also explain poor health-such as income, education and social conditions— 54 studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. A better way to assess the question is with a randomized controlled trial (RCT), where researchers track a person’s food intake and control for all other variables. Participants received either ultra-processed or minimally processed foods for two weeks and were free to eat as much or as little as they wanted.
The results were 55 .People on the ultra-processed diet ate about 500 more calories per day than those on the unprocessed one. They also gained an average of 1kg over two weeks. Dr Hall says that though the study was short and conducted in an artificial setting, the results suggest that excess amounts of salt, sugar and fats might be fully to blame for the ill effects of processed food.
(B)
A. motive B. resources C. source D. contributors E. interpreted F. enthusiastic G. exclusive H. reflections I. vary J. negotiated K. shocking
Taylor Swift Is a Perfect Example of How Publishing Is Changing
Among the details on Target’s product page for the official Taylor Swift Eras Tour commemorative book-256 pages; 500 images and personal 56 written by Swift-was one unusual column buried under the header “Specifications.” But the book industry noticed: Her publisher is listed as “Taylor Swift Publications.” The superstar is bypassing traditional I publishers and releasing her book herself. This perhaps isn’t so 57 -we know she loves to cut out a middleman: Swift issued her Eras concert movie directly to AMC Theaters and began rerecording her early albums after an ownership dispute; she also has a long-standing retail relationship with Target, which will be the book’s 58 retailer, so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target!
For the companies that produce and sell books, this could be 59 as a warning sign, because every dollar is spent on what is sure to be a massively successful product. Swift isn’t the first star to deal with her own advantageous publishing situation. Lately, various writers with meaningful personal 60 -money, followers, notoriety-have struck out on their own or made nontraditional arrangements. Colin Kaepernick and Donald Trump have released books through their own outfits.
But despite the profit 61 of doing everything yourself, it seems unlikely that every celebrity will follow in Swift’s footsteps. Publishing a book is hard and expensive, and requires more than just publicity know-how. Few stars, especially those merely looking to burnish their personal brand, will have the interest to 62 editors, lawyers, designers, rights specialists, and all of the other professionals required to create, distribute, and sell a book.
Many celebrities are less 63 than Swift about building an empire may think, as Friedman put it, “Do I really need to futz around with this ”
If the value that publishers bring to authors can 64 , the value that famous people bring to publishers has consistently been significant. A big best seller can buoy a business. But celebrities are not some financial saving grace of traditional publishers. They can be meaningful 65 to a company’s bottom line but they require as much work to sell well as most titles. Simply slapping a famous name on a book doesn’t always move product.
Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (15'+30*)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Unbelievable Slowness of Thinking
People tend to have the sense that their inner thoughts and feelings are much richer than what they can express in real time. Elon Musk has spoken publicly about this “bandwidth (带宽) problem.” Musk is so 66 by this problem, in fact, that he has made it one of his long-term goals to create an app that allows the human brain to communicate directly with a computer, 67 by the slow speed of speaking or writing.
But Musk would probably be 68 . According to new research published in Neuron, human beings think at a fixed, extremely slow speed of about 10 bits per second. In contrast, human sensory systems gather data at about one billion bits per second. This biological inconsistency might contribute to the 69 feeling that our mind can engage in seemingly infinite thoughts at the same time.
“The human brain is much less 70 than we might think,” says Markus Meister, a neuroscientist at the California Institute of Technology. “It’s incredibly slow when it comes to making decisions, and it’s ridiculously slower than any of the devices we interact with.” He also highlights that our brain can only do one thing- 71 -at a time. So even if Musk managed to hook his brain up to a computer, Meister says, he still wouldn’t be able to communicate with it any faster than he could if he used a telephone.
The new research builds on decades of psychology studies showing that humans 72 notice only a small portion of information from their sensory experience. “We can only pay attention to so much, and that’s what becomes our conscious experience and enters memory,” Meister says.
Meister collected data from studies across different 73 , including psychology, neuroscience, technology, and human performance. From research over nearly a century, they found that human cognition has repeatedly been 74 as functioning between about 5 and 20 bits per second, with an average figure of around 10 bits per second. “This was a very surprising number,” Zheng says. 75 this finding, a conclusion has been drawn that the total amount of information a person can learn across their lifetime could comfortably 76 a small thumb drive (USB flash disk).
Human sensory systems such as sight, smell, and sound, 77 , operate much faster, the authors found-about 100,000,000 times the rate that cognition does. “When you put these numbers together, you realize, oh my god, there’s this huge gap,” Meister says.
The rich information relayed by our senses also contributes to a false notion that we 78 the extreme detail and contrast all around us. But that’s “demonstrably not true,” Meister says. When people are asked to describe what they see outside of the center of their gaze, they “barely make out anything,” he says.
“ 79 , we could be having lots of different thoughts and direct our cognition in lots of different ways, but in practice, we can only have one thought at a time,” Meister says. Another problem that contributes to our overinflated sense of our own mind, he adds, is that we have no marker of comparison. There’s no way to step outside ourselves to 80 that this is really not much to be so proud of.” he says.
66. A. outlined B. bothered C. justified D. overcome
67. A. uninfluenced B. undefined C. unlicensed D. unlisted
68. A. thrilled B. secured C. disappointed D. relieved
69. A. genuine B. rigid C. false D. remarkable
70. A. realistic B. natural C. influential D. impressive
71.A. slowly B. quickly C. occasionally D. massively
72.A. completely B. obviously C. objectively D. selectively
73.A. means B. fields C. missions D. occupations
74. A. multiplied B. orbited C. measured D. operated
75. A. Regardless of B. Based on C. In place of D. Contrary to
76. A. fit into B. grow into C. evolve into D. plug into
77. A. as a result B. for instance C. in addition D. on the other hand
78. A. notice B. persuade C. predict D. recover
79. A. In reality B. In a sense C. In contrast D. In principle
80.A. protest B. resist C. recognize D. separate
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter’s end. So it’s no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.
Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.
One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.
“There’s something about their delicate nature that appeals to me,” says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. “I’ve broken eggs at every stage of the process-from the very beginning to the very, very end.”
But there’s an appeal in that vulnerability. “There’s part of this sickening horror of knowing you’re walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.” Chast’s designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.
Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil.
“There’s an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world,” says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.
81. Why do people in many cultures prize the egg
A. It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.
B. It is their major source of protein in winter.
C. It can easily be made into a work of art.
D. It can bring wealth and honor to them.
82. What do we learn about the decorated “eggs” in Russia
A. They are shaped like jewel cases.
B. They are cherished by the rich.
C. They are heavily painted in red.
D. They are favored as a form of art.
83. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition
A. Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life.
B. Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists.
C. Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today.
D. Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on.
84. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs
A. She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.
B. She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea.
C. She always derives great pleasure from designing something new.
D. She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end.
(B)
Gain the expertise you need to flourish at the frontiers of education -by creating innovations in education technology, leveraging the science of learning, and developing powerful pedagogies.
In our Learning Design, Innovation, and Technology (LDIT) Program, you will tackle promising and challenging frontiers of education. You will experience a diverse, inclusive, and high-energy environment, while learning from leading HGSE faculty and top industry practitioners, as well as your fellow cohort members. Our LDIT Program will equip you to work in educational media and technology, instructional design, and curriculum development, to create new learning materials and experiences for preK-12 schools, colleges and universities, 21st century workplaces, and informal settings.
“LDIT explores the art and science of learning design to create impactful educational experiences. Our program cultivates creative, collaborative problem-solvers who possess deep understanding of how people learn and the ability to craft powerful learner-centered experiences across varied contexts. Our graduates are prepared to lead in the evolving educational landscape, in a time rich with opportunities for reimagination.”
Karen Brennan
Facudty Co-Chair
After completing the LDIT Program, you will have gained a deeper understanding of core competencies that explore how to:
·Determine learning needs and goals
·Create learning materials and experiences
·Assess impacts of a learning design
·Manage design processes, collaboratively and reflectively
·Foreground diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in design
Curriculum Information
The LDIT Program is designed to help you gain the knowledge and practice the skills essential to designing and implementing learning experiences. A minimum of 42 credits are required to graduate with an Ed.M. degree from HGSE.
The main elements of the curriculum are:
·The Foundation courses (12 credits) -How People Leam, Leading Change, Evidence, and Equity and Opportunity - in which students gain core skills central to the profession of education.
·This program commences with How People Learn, an immersive online course that runs June-July and requires a time commitment of 12-15 hours per week.
·You will continue Foundations with Leading Change, Evidence, and Equity and Opportunity on campus in August.
·Your Equity and Opportunity Foundations experience culminates in an elected course, which will take place during terms when electives are available.
To fulfill the program requirement, you must also take a minimum of 12 credits specific to LDIT, including the following:
·The LDIT Program Core Experience (4 credits in the fall semester), you will explore how to design learning across a wide variety of settings, from classrooms to conferences and online networks, in architecture, media, and emerging technologies.
·LDIT-related course work(8 credits), you may choose from more than 30 courses taught by LDIT faculty members.
The remaining credits are taken via elective coursework, which includes the opportunity to specialize in a Concentration and to cross-register for complementary courses in other Harvard schools and at MIT.
Explore our course catalog.
Note, all information and courses are subject to change.
85. From the text, what is the emphasis of the LDIT Program’s core experience
A. Learning how to teach in traditional education settings
B. Developing leadership skills as administrators in educational organizations
C. Designing learning experiences across a variety of environments, including technology
D. Exploring how to conduct research in education
86. What does Karen Brennan’s quote emphasize about the LDIT Program
A. It focuses solely on theory and not practice.
B. It prepares students to solve educational challenges creatively and collaboratively.
C. It trains students to become experts in traditional classroom environments.
D. It highlights the importance of testing and assessing students’ learning styles.
87. How many elective course credits do you have to take if you want to graduate from this program
A.42 B.12 C.30 D.18
(C)
Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity.
While the term AI brings about anxieties about killer robots or catastrophic levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper implications. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications.
Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves.
In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic(算法的) prescription is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will.
Recommendation engines, which are increasingly prevalent intermediaries in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to constrain choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. In one sense, this is helpful. After all, machines can survey a wider range of choices than any individual is likely to have the time or energy to do on their own.
At the same time, though, this selection is optimizing for what people are likely to prefer based on what they've preferred in the past. We think there is some risk that people’s options will be constrained by their past in a new and unanticipated way.
As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on more extensive data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become utterly predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant.
Algorithms could soon-if they don’t already-have a better idea about which show you’d like to watch next and which job candidate you should hire than you do. One day, humans may even find a way for machines to make these decisions without some of the biases that humans typically display.
But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures inhabiting the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us.
88. What do we learn about the deeper implications of AI
A. It is causing great levels of unemployment.
B. It is doing physical harm to human operators.
C. It is altering moral judgments.
D. It is reshaping humanity.
89. What is the consequence of algorithmic prescription replacing human judgment
A. People lose the chance to cultivate the ability to make practical judgments.
B. People are prevented from participating in making major decisions in the workplace.
C. Managers no longer have the chance to decide which loan to approve.
D. Managers do not need to take the trouble to determine who to hire or fire.
90.What is likely to happen to larger parts of our daily life as machine learning algorithms improve
A. They will turn out to be more extensive.
B. They will repeat our past experience.
C. They can be vastly anticipated.
D. They may become more commonly found.
91. Why does the author say the creatures living in the more and more Al-mediated world will become increasingly unlike us
A. They will have lost the most significant human element of being intelligent.
B. They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable.
C. They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today.
D. They will be deprived of what their predecessors were proud of about themselves.
(D)
We are all explorers. Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human. Indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. Long before the first caveman sat beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest(羚羊) out there, our ancestors had learned the value of sending out pioneers to investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor navigate the subways of New York.
Over the years, we’ve come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed -different from the rest of us, different from those of us who are merely “well-travelled”, even; and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new, a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out. That, however, doesn’t take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions - whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer-borders of the unknown are being tested each day.
Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognize because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller “who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people”.
Here is how some of today’s 'explorers' define the word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the “greatest living explorer”, said, “An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before-and also done something scientifically useful.” Chris Bonington, a leading mountaineer, felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown: “You have to have gone somewhere new.” Then Robin Hanbury Tenison, a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called “tribal” peoples, said, “A traveller simply records information about some far-off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes the world.” Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed Arabia’s Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told me, “If I’d gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.” To him, exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery.
Each definition is slightly different and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present. And so on. They each set their own particular criteria the common factor in their approach being that they all had, unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel o discovering new things, both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings.
92. The writer refers to visitors to New York to illustrate the point that
A. exploration is an inner element of being human.
B. most people are not enthusiastic about exploring.
C. exploration fails to lead to surprising results.
D. most people find exploration frustrating.
93. According to the passage, what is the writer’s view of explorers
A. Their discoveries have brought both benefits and disadvantages.
B. Their main value is in teaching others.
C. They act on an urge that is common to everyone.
D. They tend to be more attracted to certain professions than to others.
94. The writer refers to a description of Egdon Heath to suggest that
A. Hardy was writing about his own experience of exploration.
B. Hardy was mistaken about the nature of exploration.
C. Hardy’s aim was to investigate people's emotional states.
D. Hardy’s aim was to show the attraction of isolation.
95. When discussing the definition of exploration, the writer argues that
A. people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests.
B. certain people are likely to misunderstand the nature of exploration.
C. the generally accepted definition has changed over time.
D. historians and scientists have more valid definitions than the general public.
第二卷
Section A(10’)
Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
1.Before arriving in Paris, Wu, a 50-year-old housewife, imagined the French capital to be like a film set for a romantic love story, ______ (picture) herself as a fashionable princess.
2. Researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, plants deprived of water or ______ (force) to endure bodily pain harm can let out their pain in their own ways.
3. As people put increasing emphasis on unique experience, tourists nowadays are paying more attention to ______ (personalize) travel service.
4. Sometimes we need the chance ______ (remind) that true resilience emerges not merely from overcoming adversity, but from understanding and confronting the vulnerability.
5. Susan had a sense that she held something in her hands many people needed to read, so she set out with determination, therefore, ______ (find) a publisher who believed in her book.
6. The reopening of Notre-Dame of Paris, ______ experts worked in for five years to restore it, marked not only a technical achievement but also a broader cultural and historical resurrection.
7. It is not always easy for the public to see ______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
8. We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city ______ more pedestrian are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country.
9. The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting ______ he would not step down form his position as chairman.
10. This entreprencur’s private study had but a single window, ______ shutters were kept closed when it was not in use.
*Section B: Sentence Translation (3'+3*+4'+5'=15')
1.很多外部因素都可能对这一程序的性能造成影响。(impact)
2.在日常生活中做一些小的改变，从长远来看能带来巨大的改善。(run)
3.“可持续发展”这一术语通常指的是在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡的做法。(refer)
4.如果我们未能实施必要措施来支持其广泛运用，那么投资先进的可再生能源技术又有什么意义呢 (point)
Ⅴ.【挑战题】(10’)
1. Select ONE entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
96. The laser has been widely utilized in many industries such as the packaging industry, CD player manufacturing, and all sorts of commonplace articles; however, the 1 of the laser doesn’t mean the laser can only be used in 2 ways.
Blank 1 Blank 2
A. rare extermination D. assorted
B. sporadic usage E. pedestrian
C. everyday presence F. pointless
97. In light of Elizabeth’s habitually 1 nature, her friends were quite surprised by her 2 at the convention.
Blank 1 Blank 2
A. ingenuous D. garrulity
B. laconic E. ostentatiousness
C. intractable F. tenacity
98. The longer the migratory route, the more fat migrating birds must accumulate as fuel for their flight. The gain in body mass would make birds obese by human standards, and should render them unable to fly, but this gain is 1 pre-migratory 2 of digestive organs, inactive during migration, and by the 3 of the muscles that power the flight.
Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3
A. partially offset by D. shrinking G. strengthening
B. strongly suggestive of E. specialization H. attenuation
C. seemingly unrelated to F. capacity I. responsiveness
99. Having displayed his art collection in a vast modernist white space in 1 former warehouse, Mr. Saatchi has chosen for his new site its polar opposite, a riverside monument to civic pomposity that once housed the local government. There is nothing 2 about the new location: the building’s design is bureaucratic baroque, 3 style that is as declamatory as a task-force report and as self-regarding as a campaign speech.
Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3
A. a decadent D. atavistic G. an ascetic
B. a claustrophobic E. spare H. a grandiose
C. an unprepossessing F. pretentious I. an understated
100. As the study of the foundation of western Shanghai reveals, there was a sense of elegance in the refined, simple lines that characterized the entire row, bereft of the exuberant, emphatic, assertive, ornament that constituted the latest British architectural fashion, which expressed its detestation of Palladianism and neoclassicism -London’s Regent Street then being regarded as abhorrent- calling it the product of a 1 “shopocracy.” The 2 of Western architectural taste - oscillating between simplicity and ornamental 3 - must have bemused Chinese observers who had long accepted that both approaches were valid and could co-exist.
Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3
A. quintessential D. eternality G. modesty
B. disdained E. subtlety H. exuberance
C. superficial F. impermanence I. profundity
II. Reading Comprehension
Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,
So do our minutes hasten to their end;
Each changing place with that which goes before,
In sequent toil all forwards do contend.
Line 5. Nativity, once in the main of light,
Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crowned,
Crooked eclipses’ gainst his glory fight,
And Time that gave doth now his gift confound.
Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth
Line 10. And delves the parallels in beauty’s brow,
Feeds on the rarities of nature’s truth.
And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow.
And yet to times in hope, my verse shall stand
Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.
101. The first twelve lines of the poem primarily focus on the
A. fragility of beauty
B. painfulness of death
C. saving power of poetry
D. relentlessness of time
E. courage to resist fate
102. The action of the waves in lines 1-4 is best described as
A. an inexorable procession
B. a remorseless competition
C. a reassuring monotony
D. a mysterious transformation
E. a confused jumble
103. The image of “Crooked eclipses” (line 7) is most closely linked to which other image in the poem
A. “the pebbled shore (line 1)
B. “sequent toil” (line 4)
C. “the main of light” (line 5)
D. “beauty’s brow (line 10)
E. “nature’s truth (line 11)
104. In context, the phrase “transfix the flourish” (line 9) is best understood to mean
A. preserve the growth
B. raise the hopes
C. satisfy the desires
D. thwart the ambition
E. diminish the vitality
105. Line 12, “And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow,” is best paraphrased as
A. nature both exalts and mocks human beings
B. everything exists only to be destroyed
C. human accomplishments cannot last
D. external beauty is fleeting but internal beauty persists
E. labor is the only meaningful act of human existence
高一英语期末考试卷
(满分160分，130分钟完成。答案一律写在答题纸上)
考试说明:试卷最后的挑战题为非必答题，分值10分
第一卷
Ⅰ. Listening Comprehension (25')
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.A. 30 minutes. B. 10 minutes. C. 20 minutes. D. 40 minutes.
2. A. The woman’s classmate. B. The speakers’ old friend.
C. The man’s daughter. D. The speaker’s new neighbour.
3. A. She has lost her purse. B. She has gone to a wrong place.
C. She has forgotten to meet the man. D. She has definitely missed the bus.
4. A. Time for breakfast. B. Availability of room service.
C. Opening hours of the dining room. D. Number of rooms.
5. A. Send him back to the airport. B. Keep him company.
C. Take care of his luggage. D. See what is wrong with his eyes.
6. A. A convenience store. B. An airport.
C. A theatre. D. A train station.
7. A. He feels sorry to have missed the football game.
B. He went to the concert but thought it was boring.
C. He regretting not attending the concert.
D. He is more interested in football.
8. A. He is no longer what he was like. B. He is as shy as she thought.
C. He is turning to her for help. D. He is actually outgoing.
9. A. She eats a lot of sweet food. B. She will cut down on smoking.
C. She has already lost some weight. D. She is serious about the man’s suggestion.
10. A. She’s worried about the results of her experiment.
B. She realizes the equipment is easily damaged.
C. She won’t forget to put away the equipment.
D. She always performs experiments carefully.
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.
Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.
11. A. A woman pilot. B. A flight across the Atlantic.
C. Flying lessons for women. D. Prejudice against women pilots.
12. A. When she first saw a plane at a fair.
B. When a plane flew close at a flying exhibition.
C. When she was listening to Anita Snook’s lesson.
D. When she was awarded her pilot’s license.
13. A. Amelia Earhart succeeded in flying around the world.
B. Amelia Earhart became the first woman passenger.
C. Amelia Earhart failed to fly across the Atlantic.
D. Amelia Earhart went missing with her plane.
Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.
14. A. Many corner shops have been closed down.
B. Its Europe market is shrinking on the whole.
C. Teenagers no longer love the drinks it produces.
D. Smaller newsagents refuse to install its sweets machines.
15.A. 886m. B. 6m. C. 212m. D. 7m.
16. A. The market for chocolate is expanding in an unusual way.
B. A sweets company faces competition against mobile phones.
C. Mobile phone top-up cards do more harm than sweets to teenagers.
D. Traditional sales channels seem to work less well than they used to.
Ouestions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.
17. A. The man’s job. B. The woman’s hobby.
C. The man’s understanding of photography. D. The woman’s desire to be a photographer.
18. A. Illustrate ideas by means of combining several objects.
B. Design darkrooms for those who need to create images.
C. Make a logical image by putting several images together.
D. Come up with new approaches to dealing with abstract ideas.
19. A. Being patient. B. Being wealthy. C. Being inspiring. D. Being fit.
20. A. He has seen his works in thousands of posters and postcards.
B. People are willing to buy his works because they really like them.
C. An art director in an agency hopes to employ a trendy photographer.
D. Rich people are more likely to walk into a gallery to enjoy his works.
Ⅱ. Multiple Choices (25')
21. Across various Chinese social media platforms, hashtags and keywords related to Citywalk _____ popularity as more and more people share their experiences online.
A. are gaining B. is gaining C. gained D. has gained
22._____ at her desk and reflecting on her life one day, Rachel wanted to go down to the New School for Social Research all of a sudden.
A. Seating B. Being seated C. Seated D. Having seated
23. The ravages of war and neglect have left behind nothing but hollow remnants (残迹) in places _____ would have once been busy centers of culture and commerce.
A. in which B. what C. where D. which
24. The detective didn’t discover until he accidentally entered the small cabin ______ someone had tried to destroy the evidence.
A. which B. where C. that D. when
25. The Song dynasty is considered as the peak of Chinese traditional culture, ______ the makeup and clothing of females are simple and elegant.
A. whose B. when C. which D. what
26. ______ wins the election is going to face immense pressure to enact immediate reforms, as the public demand for change has reached an unprecedented level of urgency.
A. No matter who B. Whoever C. Anyone D. Who
27. When I try to understand ______ that motivated the sudden shift in public opinion, I am confronted with a complex interplay of socio-political factors and media influence.
A. what it was B. which was it C. how it was D. why was it
28. After the civil war, the damage and suffering _____ caused extended far beyond the immediate fatalities, leading to long-term socioeconomic instability and sense of collective trauma.
A. which B. as C. what D.it
29. ______ has recently been done to improve the conditions of elementary schools, a great number of children are unable to go to school.
A. That B. What C. In spite of what D. Though what
30. If, ______ was often the case 50 years ago, opposing team were unfit and underprepared, the professional extra planning and more training would yield a competitive edge.
A. where B. as C. when D. what
31. *The scientific community often faces challenges in accurately ______ complex phenomenon, particularly when trying to categorize ambiguous data that doesn’t neatly fit established definitions or frameworks.
A. labeling B. experimenting C. grabbing D. intending
32.*The newly appointed CEO was eager to ______the challenge of revitalizing the company’s declining market share, believing that innovative strategies would drive growth and customer engagement.
A. take off B. take on C. take down D. take in
33.* ______ environmental protection, recent studies suggest that adopting innovative solutions could significantly reduce carbon emissions and relieve the effects of climate change.
A. With regard to B. On the basis of C. In view of D. In case of
34. *In the harshest of environments, certain species have developed unique physiological adaptations to ______ extreme temperatures, scarce food sources, and the absence of conventional shelter.
A. stimulate B. secure C. suffer D. survive
35. *During periods of scarcity, governments often enact policies to ______ essential goods, ensuring equitable distribution and preventing monopolization of resources by individuals or corporations.
A. inspect B. ration C. hatch D. integrate
36.*To accurately ______ the success of the program, researchers must assess not only the quantitative outputs but also the qualitative improvements in user satisfaction and system efficiency.
A. oppose B. treasure C. negotiate D. evaluate
37. *Despite the extremely bad weather, the researchers were determined to ______ at the conference, showcasing their latest findings on climate change mitigation strategies.
A. show up B. show off C. show around D. show through
38. *It is often too simplistic to ______ technological failures solely on human error, as systemic issues related to design flaws, lack of training, and insufficient oversight also play a critical role.
A. accuse B. criticize C. blame D. owe
39. *The newly revised budget must ______ unexpected operational costs, including the need for additional security measures and compliance with recently introduced industry standards.
A. negotiate with B. account for C. proceed with D. care for
40. *The total financial investment in the project is projected to ______ over $50 million, with anticipated returns expected to exceed the initial outlay within the first five years.
A. respond to B. cater to C. amount to D. restrict to
41. *The success of the initiative can be largely ______ to the team’s innovative approach to problem-solving, which combined cutting-edge technology with a deep understanding of user needs.
A. opposed B. predicted C. postponed D. credited
42.* ______ their technical expertise, the researchers also demonstrated exceptional leadership and teamwork skills, ensuring that the project ran smoothly and met all the established milestones.
A. With reference to B. By means of C. Apart from D. At the mercy of
43. *Ambulance crews were ______ to the injured, coordinating with local hospitals to ensure rapid and efficient care, while managing the chaotic scene to prevent further harm and stabilize patients.
A. caring B. tending C. treating D. curing
44. *The play is an ideal ______ for her talents, providing a platform to showcase her profound emotional range, allowing her to explore complex characters with depth and nuance.
A. vehicle B. inspection C. resolution D. scene
45. *The study of early human societies reveals that ______ tools, though seemingly underdeveloped, were crucial in shaping the development of cultural practices and technological innovations that laid the foundation for modern civilization.
A. representative B. primitive C. secondary D. recreational
Ⅲ. Vocabulary(1.5*20*=30*)
Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can on used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
(A)
A. chemically B. ingredients C. observational D. softened E. striking F. investigating G. imposed H. concentrations I. obesity J. objectively K. classification
Scientists are learning why ultra-processed foods are bad for you
For millennia, people have altered food to please their palates. More than 3,000 years ago Mesoamericans, living in what is Mexico and Central America today, cooked corn kernels in a solution of wood ash or limestone. The process unlocked nutrients and 46 the tough outer shells of the corn, making them easier to grind.
According to the UN, the average daily food supply available for a person in the rich world increased by over 20% between 1961 and 2021. In that time, 47 rates have more than tripled; today, nearly one in three people globally is overweight.
Now concerns are growing that the heavy processing may itself be harmful. A particular target is “ultra-processed foods” (UPFs), a relatively recent label put forward by Carlos Monteiro, a Brazilian scientist. Robert F. Kennedy junior, Donald Trump’s nominee for secretary of health, has likened processed food to “poison” and promised to reduce the share of UPFs in American diets. In November 2023 Colombia 48 a tax on highly processed foods and drinks. In Britain parliamentarians are 49 the effects of UPFs on people's health.
In 2009 Dr Monteiro came up with a 50 system, called Nova, that sorts foods into four buckets depending on the degree of processing they undergo. The first group includes minimally processed foods like fruit and milk. The second covers basic 51 like butter and sugar. Next are foods like canned vegetables and bread.
The last group, UPFs, represent heavily processed items like fizzy drinks, sugary cereals and frozen pizzas. These are made with ingredients not typically found in a home kitchen, such as hydrogenated oils or flavouring agents. These are 52 modified and reassembled along with additives like artificial colours to make the food more appealing. UPFs often contain higher 53 of fat, sugar and salt than processed foods, which could explain their negative effects.
Where those harms come from is still unclear, however. With so many competing factors that could also explain poor health-such as income, education and social conditions— 54 studies alone cannot offer conclusive answers. A better way to assess the question is with a randomized controlled trial (RCT), where researchers track a person’s food intake and control for all other variables. Participants received either ultra-processed or minimally processed foods for two weeks and were free to eat as much or as little as they wanted.
The results were 55 .People on the ultra-processed diet ate about 500 more calories per day than those on the unprocessed one. They also gained an average of 1kg over two weeks. Dr Hall says that though the study was short and conducted in an artificial setting, the results suggest that excess amounts of salt, sugar and fats might be fully to blame for the ill effects of processed food.
(B)
A. motive B. resources C. source D. contributors E. interpreted F. enthusiastic G. exclusive H. reflections I. vary J. negotiated K. shocking
Taylor Swift Is a Perfect Example of How Publishing Is Changing
Among the details on Target’s product page for the official Taylor Swift Eras Tour commemorative book-256 pages; 500 images and personal 56 written by Swift-was one unusual column buried under the header “Specifications.” But the book industry noticed: Her publisher is listed as “Taylor Swift Publications.” The superstar is bypassing traditional I publishers and releasing her book herself. This perhaps isn’t so 57 -we know she loves to cut out a middleman: Swift issued her Eras concert movie directly to AMC Theaters and began rerecording her early albums after an ownership dispute; she also has a long-standing retail relationship with Target, which will be the book’s 58 retailer, so Taylor fans, you would have no alternative but to go to Target!
For the companies that produce and sell books, this could be 59 as a warning sign, because every dollar is spent on what is sure to be a massively successful product. Swift isn’t the first star to deal with her own advantageous publishing situation. Lately, various writers with meaningful personal 60 -money, followers, notoriety-have struck out on their own or made nontraditional arrangements. Colin Kaepernick and Donald Trump have released books through their own outfits.
But despite the profit 61 of doing everything yourself, it seems unlikely that every celebrity will follow in Swift’s footsteps. Publishing a book is hard and expensive, and requires more than just publicity know-how. Few stars, especially those merely looking to burnish their personal brand, will have the interest to 62 editors, lawyers, designers, rights specialists, and all of the other professionals required to create, distribute, and sell a book.
Many celebrities are less 63 than Swift about building an empire may think, as Friedman put it, “Do I really need to futz around with this ”
If the value that publishers bring to authors can 64 , the value that famous people bring to publishers has consistently been significant. A big best seller can buoy a business. But celebrities are not some financial saving grace of traditional publishers. They can be meaningful 65 to a company’s bottom line but they require as much work to sell well as most titles. Simply slapping a famous name on a book doesn’t always move product.
Ⅳ. Reading Comprehension (15'+30*)
Section A
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.
The Unbelievable Slowness of Thinking
People tend to have the sense that their inner thoughts and feelings are much richer than what they can express in real time. Elon Musk has spoken publicly about this “bandwidth (带宽) problem.” Musk is so 66 by this problem, in fact, that he has made it one of his long-term goals to create an app that allows the human brain to communicate directly with a computer, 67 by the slow speed of speaking or writing.
But Musk would probably be 68 . According to new research published in Neuron, human beings think at a fixed, extremely slow speed of about 10 bits per second. In contrast, human sensory systems gather data at about one billion bits per second. This biological inconsistency might contribute to the 69 feeling that our mind can engage in seemingly infinite thoughts at the same time.
“The human brain is much less 70 than we might think,” says Markus Meister, a neuroscientist at the California Institute of Technology. “It’s incredibly slow when it comes to making decisions, and it’s ridiculously slower than any of the devices we interact with.” He also highlights that our brain can only do one thing- 71 -at a time. So even if Musk managed to hook his brain up to a computer, Meister says, he still wouldn’t be able to communicate with it any faster than he could if he used a telephone.
The new research builds on decades of psychology studies showing that humans 72 notice only a small portion of information from their sensory experience. “We can only pay attention to so much, and that’s what becomes our conscious experience and enters memory,” Meister says.
Meister collected data from studies across different 73 , including psychology, neuroscience, technology, and human performance. From research over nearly a century, they found that human cognition has repeatedly been 74 as functioning between about 5 and 20 bits per second, with an average figure of around 10 bits per second. “This was a very surprising number,” Zheng says. 75 this finding, a conclusion has been drawn that the total amount of information a person can learn across their lifetime could comfortably 76 a small thumb drive (USB flash disk).
Human sensory systems such as sight, smell, and sound, 77 , operate much faster, the authors found-about 100,000,000 times the rate that cognition does. “When you put these numbers together, you realize, oh my god, there’s this huge gap,” Meister says.
The rich information relayed by our senses also contributes to a false notion that we 78 the extreme detail and contrast all around us. But that’s “demonstrably not true,” Meister says. When people are asked to describe what they see outside of the center of their gaze, they “barely make out anything,” he says.
“ 79 , we could be having lots of different thoughts and direct our cognition in lots of different ways, but in practice, we can only have one thought at a time,” Meister says. Another problem that contributes to our overinflated sense of our own mind, he adds, is that we have no marker of comparison. There’s no way to step outside ourselves to 80 that this is really not much to be so proud of.” he says.
66. A. outlined B. bothered C. justified D. overcome
67. A. uninfluenced B. undefined C. unlicensed D. unlisted
68. A. thrilled B. secured C. disappointed D. relieved
69. A. genuine B. rigid C. false D. remarkable
70. A. realistic B. natural C. influential D. impressive
71.A. slowly B. quickly C. occasionally D. massively
72.A. completely B. obviously C. objectively D. selectively
73.A. means B. fields C. missions D. occupations
74. A. multiplied B. orbited C. measured D. operated
75. A. Regardless of B. Based on C. In place of D. Contrary to
76. A. fit into B. grow into C. evolve into D. plug into
77. A. as a result B. for instance C. in addition D. on the other hand
78. A. notice B. persuade C. predict D. recover
79. A. In reality B. In a sense C. In contrast D. In principle
80.A. protest B. resist C. recognize D. separate
Section B
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
In spring, chickens start laying again, bringing a welcome source of protein at winter’s end. So it’s no surprise that cultures around the world celebrate spring by honoring the egg.
Some traditions are simple, like the red eggs that get baked into Greek Easter breads. Others elevate the egg into a fancy art, like the heavily jewel-covered “eggs” that were favored by the Russians starting in the 19th century.
One ancient form of egg art comes to us from Ukraine. For centuries, Ukrainians have been drawing complicated patterns on eggs. Contemporary artists have followed this tradition to create eggs that speak to the anxieties of our age: Life is precious, and delicate. Eggs are, too.
“There’s something about their delicate nature that appeals to me,” says New Yorker cartoonist Roz Chast. Several years ago, she became interested in eggs and learned the traditional Ukrainian technique to draw her very modern characters. “I’ve broken eggs at every stage of the process-from the very beginning to the very, very end.”
But there’s an appeal in that vulnerability. “There’s part of this sickening horror of knowing you’re walking on the edge with this, that I kind of like, knowing that it could all fall apart at any second.” Chast’s designs, such as a worried man alone in a tiny rowboat, reflect that delicateness.
Traditional Ukrainian decorated eggs also spoke to those fears. The elaborate patterns were believed to offer protection against evil.
“There’s an ancient legend that as long as these eggs are made, evil will not prevail in the world,” says Joan Brander, a Canadian egg-painter who has been painting eggs for over 60 years, having learned the art from her Ukrainian relatives.
81. Why do people in many cultures prize the egg
A. It is a welcome sign of the coming of spring.
B. It is their major source of protein in winter.
C. It can easily be made into a work of art.
D. It can bring wealth and honor to them.
82. What do we learn about the decorated “eggs” in Russia
A. They are shaped like jewel cases.
B. They are cherished by the rich.
C. They are heavily painted in red.
D. They are favored as a form of art.
83. Why have contemporary artists continued the egg art tradition
A. Eggs serve as an enduring symbol of new life.
B. Eggs have an oval shape appealing to artists.
C. Eggs reflect the anxieties of people today.
D. Eggs provide a unique surface to paint on.
84. Why does Chast enjoy the process of decorating eggs
A. She never knows if the egg will break before the design is completed.
B. She can add multiple details to the design to communicate her idea.
C. She always derives great pleasure from designing something new.
D. She is never sure what the final design will look like until the end.
(B)
Gain the expertise you need to flourish at the frontiers of education -by creating innovations in education technology, leveraging the science of learning, and developing powerful pedagogies.
In our Learning Design, Innovation, and Technology (LDIT) Program, you will tackle promising and challenging frontiers of education. You will experience a diverse, inclusive, and high-energy environment, while learning from leading HGSE faculty and top industry practitioners, as well as your fellow cohort members. Our LDIT Program will equip you to work in educational media and technology, instructional design, and curriculum development, to create new learning materials and experiences for preK-12 schools, colleges and universities, 21st century workplaces, and informal settings.
“LDIT explores the art and science of learning design to create impactful educational experiences. Our program cultivates creative, collaborative problem-solvers who possess deep understanding of how people learn and the ability to craft powerful learner-centered experiences across varied contexts. Our graduates are prepared to lead in the evolving educational landscape, in a time rich with opportunities for reimagination.”
Karen Brennan
Facudty Co-Chair
After completing the LDIT Program, you will have gained a deeper understanding of core competencies that explore how to:
·Determine learning needs and goals
·Create learning materials and experiences
·Assess impacts of a learning design
·Manage design processes, collaboratively and reflectively
·Foreground diversity, equity, inclusion, and belonging in design
Curriculum Information
The LDIT Program is designed to help you gain the knowledge and practice the skills essential to designing and implementing learning experiences. A minimum of 42 credits are required to graduate with an Ed.M. degree from HGSE.
The main elements of the curriculum are:
·The Foundation courses (12 credits) -How People Leam, Leading Change, Evidence, and Equity and Opportunity - in which students gain core skills central to the profession of education.
·This program commences with How People Learn, an immersive online course that runs June-July and requires a time commitment of 12-15 hours per week.
·You will continue Foundations with Leading Change, Evidence, and Equity and Opportunity on campus in August.
·Your Equity and Opportunity Foundations experience culminates in an elected course, which will take place during terms when electives are available.
To fulfill the program requirement, you must also take a minimum of 12 credits specific to LDIT, including the following:
·The LDIT Program Core Experience (4 credits in the fall semester), you will explore how to design learning across a wide variety of settings, from classrooms to conferences and online networks, in architecture, media, and emerging technologies.
·LDIT-related course work(8 credits), you may choose from more than 30 courses taught by LDIT faculty members.
The remaining credits are taken via elective coursework, which includes the opportunity to specialize in a Concentration and to cross-register for complementary courses in other Harvard schools and at MIT.
Explore our course catalog.
Note, all information and courses are subject to change.
85. From the text, what is the emphasis of the LDIT Program’s core experience
A. Learning how to teach in traditional education settings
B. Developing leadership skills as administrators in educational organizations
C. Designing learning experiences across a variety of environments, including technology
D. Exploring how to conduct research in education
86. What does Karen Brennan’s quote emphasize about the LDIT Program
A. It focuses solely on theory and not practice.
B. It prepares students to solve educational challenges creatively and collaboratively.
C. It trains students to become experts in traditional classroom environments.
D. It highlights the importance of testing and assessing students’ learning styles.
87. How many elective course credits do you have to take if you want to graduate from this program
A.42 B.12 C.30 D.18
(C)
Technology is never a neutral tool for achieving human ends. Technological innovations reshape people as they use these innovations to control their environment. Artificial intelligence, for example, is altering humanity.
While the term AI brings about anxieties about killer robots or catastrophic levels of unemployment, there are other, deeper implications. As AI increasingly shapes the human experience, how does this change what it means to be human Central to the problem is a person’s capacity to make choices, particularly judgments that have moral implications.
Aristotle argued that the capacity for making practical judgments depends on regularly making them on habit and practice. We see the emergence of machines as substitute judges in a variety of everyday contexts as a potential threat to people learning how to effectively exercise judgment themselves.
In the workplace, managers routinely make decisions about who to hire or fire and which loan to approve, to name a few. These are areas where algorithmic(算法的) prescription is replacing human judgment, and so people who might have had the chance to develop practical judgment in these areas no longer will.
Recommendation engines, which are increasingly prevalent intermediaries in people’s consumption of culture, may serve to constrain choice and minimize luck. By presenting consumers with algorithmically selected choices of what to watch, read, stream and visit next, companies are replacing human taste with machine taste. In one sense, this is helpful. After all, machines can survey a wider range of choices than any individual is likely to have the time or energy to do on their own.
At the same time, though, this selection is optimizing for what people are likely to prefer based on what they've preferred in the past. We think there is some risk that people’s options will be constrained by their past in a new and unanticipated way.
As machine learning algorithms improve and as they train on more extensive data sets, larger parts of everyday life are likely to become utterly predictable. The predictions are going to get better and better, and they will ultimately make common experiences more efficient and pleasant.
Algorithms could soon-if they don’t already-have a better idea about which show you’d like to watch next and which job candidate you should hire than you do. One day, humans may even find a way for machines to make these decisions without some of the biases that humans typically display.
But to the extent that unpredictability is part of how people understand themselves and part of what people like about themselves, humanity is in the process of losing something significant. As they become more and more predictable, the creatures inhabiting the increasingly AI-mediated world will become less and less like us.
88. What do we learn about the deeper implications of AI
A. It is causing great levels of unemployment.
B. It is doing physical harm to human operators.
C. It is altering moral judgments.
D. It is reshaping humanity.
89. What is the consequence of algorithmic prescription replacing human judgment
A. People lose the chance to cultivate the ability to make practical judgments.
B. People are prevented from participating in making major decisions in the workplace.
C. Managers no longer have the chance to decide which loan to approve.
D. Managers do not need to take the trouble to determine who to hire or fire.
90.What is likely to happen to larger parts of our daily life as machine learning algorithms improve
A. They will turn out to be more extensive.
B. They will repeat our past experience.
C. They can be vastly anticipated.
D. They may become more commonly found.
91. Why does the author say the creatures living in the more and more Al-mediated world will become increasingly unlike us
A. They will have lost the most significant human element of being intelligent.
B. They will no longer possess the human characteristic of being unpredictable.
C. They will not be able to understand themselves as we can do today.
D. They will be deprived of what their predecessors were proud of about themselves.
(D)
We are all explorers. Our desire to discover, and then share that new-found knowledge, is part of what makes us human. Indeed, this has played an important part in our success as a species. Long before the first caveman sat beside the fire and grunted news that there were plenty of wildebeest(羚羊) out there, our ancestors had learned the value of sending out pioneers to investigate the unknown. This questing nature of ours undoubtedly helped our species spread around the globe, just as it nowadays no doubt helps the last nomadic Penan maintain their existence in the depleted forests of Borneo, and a visitor navigate the subways of New York.
Over the years, we’ve come to think of explorers as a peculiar breed -different from the rest of us, different from those of us who are merely “well-travelled”, even; and perhaps there is a type of person more suited to seeking out the new, a type of caveman more inclined to risk venturing out. That, however, doesn’t take away from the fact that we all have this enquiring instinct, even today; and that in all sorts of professions - whether artist, marine biologist or astronomer-borders of the unknown are being tested each day.
Thomas Hardy set some of his novels in Egdon Heath, a fictional area of uncultivated land, and used the landscape to suggest the desires and fears of his characters. He is delving into matters we all recognize because they are common to humanity. This is surely an act of exploration, and into a world as remote as the author chooses. Explorer and travel writer Peter Fleming talks of the moment when the explorer returns to the existence he has left behind with his loved ones. The traveller “who has for weeks or months seen himself only as a puny and irrelevant alien crawling laboriously over a country in which he has no roots and no background, suddenly encounters his other self, a relatively solid figure, with a place in the minds of certain people”.
Here is how some of today’s 'explorers' define the word. Ran Fiennes, dubbed the “greatest living explorer”, said, “An explorer is someone who has done something that no human has done before-and also done something scientifically useful.” Chris Bonington, a leading mountaineer, felt exploration was to be found in the act of physically touching the unknown: “You have to have gone somewhere new.” Then Robin Hanbury Tenison, a campaigner on behalf of remote so-called “tribal” peoples, said, “A traveller simply records information about some far-off world, and reports back; but an explorer changes the world.” Wilfred Thesiger, who crossed Arabia’s Empty Quarter in 1946, and belongs to an era of unmechanised travel now lost to the rest of us, told me, “If I’d gone across by camel when I could have gone by car, it would have been a stunt.” To him, exploration meant bringing back information from a remote place regardless of any great self-discovery.
Each definition is slightly different and tends to reflect the field of endeavour of each pioneer. It was the same whoever I asked: the prominent historian would say exploration was a thing of the past, the cutting-edge scientist would say it was of the present. And so on. They each set their own particular criteria the common factor in their approach being that they all had, unlike many of us who simply enjoy travel o discovering new things, both a very definite objective from the outset and also a desire to record their findings.
92. The writer refers to visitors to New York to illustrate the point that
A. exploration is an inner element of being human.
B. most people are not enthusiastic about exploring.
C. exploration fails to lead to surprising results.
D. most people find exploration frustrating.
93. According to the passage, what is the writer’s view of explorers
A. Their discoveries have brought both benefits and disadvantages.
B. Their main value is in teaching others.
C. They act on an urge that is common to everyone.
D. They tend to be more attracted to certain professions than to others.
94. The writer refers to a description of Egdon Heath to suggest that
A. Hardy was writing about his own experience of exploration.
B. Hardy was mistaken about the nature of exploration.
C. Hardy’s aim was to investigate people's emotional states.
D. Hardy’s aim was to show the attraction of isolation.
95. When discussing the definition of exploration, the writer argues that
A. people tend to relate exploration to their own professional interests.
B. certain people are likely to misunderstand the nature of exploration.
C. the generally accepted definition has changed over time.
D. historians and scientists have more valid definitions than the general public.
第二卷
Section A(10’)
Directions: Fill in the blanks to make the sentences coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word. fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank
1.Before arriving in Paris, Wu, a 50-year-old housewife, imagined the French capital to be like a film set for a romantic love story, ______ (picture) herself as a fashionable princess.
2. Researchers appear to have evidence that like animals, plants deprived of water or ______ (force) to endure bodily pain harm can let out their pain in their own ways.
3. As people put increasing emphasis on unique experience, tourists nowadays are paying more attention to ______ (personalize) travel service.
4. Sometimes we need the chance ______ (remind) that true resilience emerges not merely from overcoming adversity, but from understanding and confronting the vulnerability.
5. Susan had a sense that she held something in her hands many people needed to read, so she set out with determination, therefore, ______ (find) a publisher who believed in her book.
6. The reopening of Notre-Dame of Paris, ______ experts worked in for five years to restore it, marked not only a technical achievement but also a broader cultural and historical resurrection.
7. It is not always easy for the public to see ______ use a new invention can be of to human life.
8. We hold the unfortunate honor of being a major city ______ more pedestrian are hit in crosswalks than almost any other city in the country.
9. The chairman of the union made it clear at the meeting ______ he would not step down form his position as chairman.
10. This entreprencur’s private study had but a single window, ______ shutters were kept closed when it was not in use.
*Section B: Sentence Translation (3'+3*+4'+5'=15')
1.很多外部因素都可能对这一程序的性能造成影响。(impact)
2.在日常生活中做一些小的改变，从长远来看能带来巨大的改善。(run)
3.“可持续发展”这一术语通常指的是在经济增长和环境保护之间取得平衡的做法。(refer)
4.如果我们未能实施必要措施来支持其广泛运用，那么投资先进的可再生能源技术又有什么意义呢 (point)
Ⅴ.【挑战题】(10’)
1. Select ONE entry for each blank from the corresponding column of choices. Fill all blanks in the way that best completes the text.
96. The laser has been widely utilized in many industries such as the packaging industry, CD player manufacturing, and all sorts of commonplace articles; however, the 1 of the laser doesn’t mean the laser can only be used in 2 ways.
Blank 1 Blank 2
A. rare extermination D. assorted
B. sporadic usage E. pedestrian
C. everyday presence F. pointless
97. In light of Elizabeth’s habitually 1 nature, her friends were quite surprised by her 2 at the convention.
Blank 1 Blank 2
A. ingenuous D. garrulity
B. laconic E. ostentatiousness
C. intractable F. tenacity
98. The longer the migratory route, the more fat migrating birds must accumulate as fuel for their flight. The gain in body mass would make birds obese by human standards, and should render them unable to fly, but this gain is 1 pre-migratory 2 of digestive organs, inactive during migration, and by the 3 of the muscles that power the flight.
Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3
A. partially offset by D. shrinking G. strengthening
B. strongly suggestive of E. specialization H. attenuation
C. seemingly unrelated to F. capacity I. responsiveness
99. Having displayed his art collection in a vast modernist white space in 1 former warehouse, Mr. Saatchi has chosen for his new site its polar opposite, a riverside monument to civic pomposity that once housed the local government. There is nothing 2 about the new location: the building’s design is bureaucratic baroque, 3 style that is as declamatory as a task-force report and as self-regarding as a campaign speech.
Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3
A. a decadent D. atavistic G. an ascetic
B. a claustrophobic E. spare H. a grandiose
C. an unprepossessing F. pretentious I. an understated
100. As the study of the foundation of western Shanghai reveals, there was a sense of elegance in the refined, simple lines that characterized the entire row, bereft of the exuberant, emphatic, assertive, ornament that constituted the latest British architectural fashion, which expressed its detestation of Palladianism and neoclassicism -London’s Regent Street then being regarded as abhorrent- calling it the product of a 1 “shopocracy.” The 2 of Western architectural taste - oscillating between simplicity and ornamental 3 - must have bemused Chinese observers who had long accepted that both approaches were valid and could co-exist.
Blank 1 Blank 2 Blank 3
A. quintessential D. eternality G. modesty
B. disdained E. subtlety H. exuberance
C. superficial F. impermanence I. profundity
II. Reading Comprehension
Like as the waves make towards the pebbled shore,
So do our minutes hasten to their end;
Each changing place with that which goes before,
In sequent toil all forwards do contend.
Line 5. Nativity, once in the main of light,
Crawls to maturity, wherewith being crowned,
Crooked eclipses’ gainst his glory fight,
And Time that gave doth now his gift confound.
Time doth transfix the flourish set on youth
Line 10. And delves the parallels in beauty’s brow,
Feeds on the rarities of nature’s truth.
And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow.
And yet to times in hope, my verse shall stand
Praising thy worth, despite his cruel hand.
101. The first twelve lines of the poem primarily focus on the
A. fragility of beauty
B. painfulness of death
C. saving power of poetry
D. relentlessness of time
E. courage to resist fate
102. The action of the waves in lines 1-4 is best described as
A. an inexorable procession
B. a remorseless competition
C. a reassuring monotony
D. a mysterious transformation
E. a confused jumble
103. The image of “Crooked eclipses” (line 7) is most closely linked to which other image in the poem
A. “the pebbled shore (line 1)
B. “sequent toil” (line 4)
C. “the main of light” (line 5)
D. “beauty’s brow (line 10)
E. “nature’s truth (line 11)
104. In context, the phrase “transfix the flourish” (line 9) is best understood to mean
A. preserve the growth
B. raise the hopes
C. satisfy the desires
D. thwart the ambition
E. diminish the vitality
105. Line 12, “And nothing stands but for his scythe to mow,” is best paraphrased as
A. nature both exalts and mocks human beings
B. everything exists only to be destroyed
C. human accomplishments cannot last
D. external beauty is fleeting but internal beauty persists
E. labor is the only meaningful act of human existence
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