(共36张PPT)
Period 3 Discover useful structures
Unit 2 Health lifestyle
选择性必修三
人教版(2019)
1. To learn the infinitives as the subject
2. To master some rules about infinitives as the subject
3. To do some exercise about infivitives
Learning objectives
My mum keeps telling me to go out with my school friends instead.
It's important to meet friends in person from time to time, not just on social media.
To achieve my dream, I will study hard.
My target is to be admitted by my ideal university.
Li Ying is the first person to join the volunteering club in her class.
complement 宾语补足语
subject 主语
adverbial 状语
predicative 表语
attribute 定语
List the functions of the infinitives in the sentences.
动词不定式
Preparation
Scan the first and second paragraphs of P14 ,find out sentences including “to”and analyse the function of each infinitive .
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
不定式作主语
不定式作主语
Preparation
Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the infinitives.
In pairs, discuss their meanings and functions.
1. To change bad habits is never easy.
2. It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mother's lung surgery.
改掉坏习惯从来都不是件容易的事。
外科医生花了三个小时才完成我母亲的肺部手术。
subject(主语)
subject(真正主语)
Presentation
Look at the following sentences and pay attention to the infinitives.
In pairs, discuss their meanings and functions.
3. To join the People's Liberation Army,it is required for men to shave of the beards.
4. It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.
参加人民解放军时,要求男性必须剃掉胡须。
昨晚用大声的音乐打扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。
subject(真正主语)
subject(真正主语)
Presentation
Compare the position and function of infinitives in the following two sentences.
1. To change bad habits is never easy.
2. It took the surgeon three hours to finish my mother's lung surgery.
subject(主语)
subject(形式主语)
subject(真正主语)
两种表达的区别并得出结论:用形 式主语it代替真正的to change bad habits符合英语表达习惯,避免句子头重脚轻、结构失衡; 如果作者有意将比较长的不定式主语放在句首,那么作者就是想要突岀不定式的内容。
Presentation
Read the text in the Reading and Thinking section again and find all sentences with infinitive subjects.
However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
Presentation
Translate the sentences into Chinese.
However, during this period, it can be easy for some of them to form bad habits.
To prevent harmful habits like these from dominating a teenager's life is essential.
然而,在这段时间里,他们中的一些人很容易养成坏习惯。
防止这些坏习惯支配青少年的生活是必要的。
Presentation
Translate the sentence into Chinese.
To change bad habits is never easy, even with many attempts.
After all, it is not easy to break bad habits.
即使多次尝试,要改变坏习惯也绝非易事。
毕竟,改掉坏习惯是不容易的。
Presentation
Join the words to make full sentences.
1. important / avoid / passive cigarette smoking
It is important to avoid passive cigarette smoking.
2. will take /nutrition specialist/a balanced diet menu/ make/ an hour/for you
3. useful/ turn to/fitness consultant /for advice
4. illegal / dangerous/ take / drugs
5. harmful/ skip breakfast/often
It will take an hour for a nutrition specialist to make a balanced diet menu for you.
It is useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice.
It is dangerous to take illegal drugs.
It is harmful to skip breakfast (too) often.
Practise
1. A: Hello doctor. I want to lose weight,but I just can't seem to do
it.What can you do to help me
B:Well, first, it's necessary to________________ what you eat.
Cut out all fatty food and sugary drinks, and eat more fruit and
vegetables.
2. A: I really need to __________a way to exercise more. I could use
a fitness app, but my phone's full.
B:So delete a few files.I'm sure the app doesn't take up much
space.
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.
be in control of
begin with ;be in control of ;make a choice;decide on ;make up one's mind
decide on
Practise
3. A: Before exercising, always do a few warm-ups
to_________.
B: I know. But then l always feel too tired to continue!
4 A: Should I go for the pizza or the fried chicken I hate
_________ like these. You know what ----I'm going to eat
both!
B: Wow! Don't eat too much junk food-you'l get fat. I’ve
actually ________________to go on a diet, so I'll just stick to the fruit salad.
Complete the conversations with the correct forms of the phrases in the box.
begin with ;be in control of ;make a choice;decide on ;make up one's mind
begin with
make choices
make up my mind
Practise
Read Part Reading and Thinking again , find other sentences with infinitives and analyse their functions.
1.We make a choice to do something, and then we repeat it over and over again.
2.They must learn to recognise bad habits early and make appropriate changes.
3.To facilitate a positive change in our bad habits, we must first examine our bad habit cycles and then try to adapt them.
4.For example, when we come to an escalator (cue), our normal routine is to ride it, but ...
Task 10
(充当定语:Attribute)
(充当宾语:Object)
(充当状语:Adverbial)
( 充当宾语:Object)
(充当表语:Predicative)
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
1.Swimming is fun in summer.
To swim in this river is a great pleasure.
动名词作主语:表示一般的、泛指的或习惯性的行为用动名词;
夏天游泳是有趣的事。
不定式作主语:表示具体的、一次性的或将来的动作用不定式。
在这条河里游泳是件非常快乐的事。
Practise
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
2.To see is to believe. =Seeing is believing.
Fishing is his favorite hobby, and collecting
coins also gives him great pleasure.
眼见为实。
动名词和不定式在平行结构中要用前后一致的形式。
钓鱼是他的爱好,收集硬币也给他带来极大的乐趣。
动名词和不定式做主语和表语要用同一种形式;
Practise
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
3.根据汉语意思完成句子
It’s no good/use ________________.
找他谈是没有用的。
It’s useless ____________________.
讨论此事无益。
There is no _______________.
无法阻止他。
____________!
禁止停车!
以上句式中通常要用动名词形式。
talking to him
discussing the matter
stopping him
No parking
It’s no good/use doing sth.
It’s useless doing sth.
There is no doing sth.
Practise
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
4.根据汉语意思完成句子
It took us two hours _______________.
去那里我们花了两个小时。
It is necessary for us ____________________.
我们有必要学好英语。
动名词和不定式在平行结构中要用前后一致的形式。
to get there
to learn English well
It took sb. sometime to do sth. .
It is +adj.+for sb.+ to do sth. .
Practise
Compare the following sentences and draw conclusions.
5.It’s nice having friends to chat to.
It’s nice to be talking with you here.
有朋友聊聊天是很惬意的。
动名词作主语并不是表示某动作正在进行,而是表示经常性或习惯性的行为;
不定式的进行时作主语才表示具体的某一动作正在进行。
在这里跟你交谈是非常愉快的。
经常性、一般性或习惯性的行为
一次具体的正在进行的行为
Practise
Fill in the correct forms of the verbs.
1.It took years of work ___________ (reduce) the industrial pollution and clean the water.
2.__________ (walk) is a good form of exercise for both the young and the old.
3.To do this _____ (be) to cut the feet to fit the shoes.
4._____ is difficult for him to admit his mistakes.
5.It was selfish _____ him not to share his dictionary with others.
to reduce
Walking
is
It
of
Production
Complete the sentences according to Chinese meaning.
1.It takes us hours __________________ every day.我们每天要花上数小时做家庭作业。
2.__________________ will take a long time.
要完成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
3.__________________ in one day is impossible.在一天内完成这项工作是不可能的。
4._____________________ a foreign language well.要把一门外语学好不容易。
5.It’s very interesting _________________.
踢足球很有趣。
6.Father criticized me and told me it’s wrong ____________________________.
父亲批评了我并且告诉我捉弄别人是错误的。
to do our homework
To finish the task
to play football
to play tricks on other people
To finish this job
It’s not easy to learn
Production
语法填空
Lucy is a pretty English girl with a
_________(promise) future. It’s her dream ___________ (become) a Chinese professor in the university. She knows it’s necessary but a little difficult ______ her to master Chinese, at the same time what she should do is_______(improve) her communicating ability so she is active_________ (take) part in school activities and Chinese speaking contests.
promising
to become
for
improve
to take
Production
语法填空
It takes her three months _________
(practise). She is excellent at __________ (speak) Chinese and can communicate well. It is unbelievable for her ______ (make) such a rapid progress in such a short time. The teacher praises her and gives her a chance___________ (perform) a play in Chinese on the stage. _________ is a pleasure for her to get the chance. It seems her dream will come true.
to practise
to perform
speaking
to make
It
Production
Discover useful structures
不定式的句法功能
作宾语
作主语
作表语
作定语
作状语
作补语
V+ to do sth.
V+疑问词+ to do sth.
It’s+adj+of/for sb. to do sth.
be+to do sth.
被修饰词(名词或代词)+to do sth.
不定式作定语作状语时,注意不定式与修饰词之间的关系,是逻辑上的主谓关系还是动宾关系,是动宾关系时,不定式如果为不及物动词时,其后应有介词。
原因状语
目的状语
结果状语
to/only to/in order to /so as to /such as to
too...to 结构表否定
adj. enough to do sth.结构表肯定
v+宾语+to do sth.
Summary
Language points
1. shave
shave vi. ,vt. & n. 剃(须发);刮脸
To join the People's Liberation Army,it is required for men to shave off their beards.
要加入人民解放军,男性必须剃掉胡须。
I lathered my face and started to shave.
Father shaved his beard.
(1)shave off 剃掉;刮去
(2)shave up 剃光
(3)shaver n. 理发师;电动剃刀
Language points
完成句子
①Do you ________________ every day
你每天都刮脸吗?
②The barber ________________ and a haircut.
理发师给他修面理发。
gave him a shave
shave your face
Language points
2.disturb
disturb vt. 打扰;搅乱;使烦恼
It was not polite to disturb your neighbours with loud music last night.
昨晚用大声的音乐打扰你的邻居是不礼貌的。
They took the phone off the hook so no calls would disturb them.
It disturbs me profoundly that you so misuse your talents.
disturbing adj. 引起烦恼的;令人不安的
disturbed adj. 心神不安的;担心的
disturbance n. 打扰;扰乱;骚动
Language points
用disturb的适当形式填空
①Don’t __________ the sleeping child.
②The _____________ news has made everyone present upset.
③The drunken man caused a ______________ in the street.
disturbing
disturb
disturbance
3. consultant
consultant n. 顾问;高级顾问医师
It is useful to turn to a fitness consultant for advice.
向健身顾问寻求建议是有用的。
He is a consultant on labor affairs to the mayor.
There’re many consultants in hospital.
Language points
consultant service 咨询服务
consult v. 查阅;商量;向……请教
consult the dictionary 查字典
consult about 就……请教
consult sb. on sth. 请教某人某事
consult with 与……商量
consult with sb. about a problem
与某人就一个问题进行磋商
Language points
Language points
语法填空
①Have you consulted a doctor ________ your fever
②Before we accept the management’s offer we must consult _______ the workers again.
③He was appointed as a _____________ (consult) to a software firm.
完成句子
④______________________, only Mr. Wang gave us some proposals in point.
⑤ I need to __________________________ on the proposals.
about
consult with my colleagues
with
consultant
Of all the consultants
1.__________ n. 外科医生
→__________ n. 外科手术;外科学
2._____________ n. 解放;摆脱
→__________ vt. 解放;放出;释放
3.________ vi. vt. & n. 剃(须发);刮脸
→_________ n. 理发师;电动剃刀
4.________ n. 胡须;络腮胡子
5.__________ vt. 打扰;搅乱;使烦恼
→_____________ adj. 引起烦恼的;令人不安的
6.____________ n. 香烟;卷烟
Practice
surgeon
disturb
surgery
liberate
cigarette
Ⅰ.英汉互译
beard
shaver
shave
liberation
disturbing
7._____________ n. 专科医生;专家
→_____________ v. 专门从事;详细说明;特化
→__________ adj. 特别的
8._____________ n. 顾问;高级顾问医师
→__________ v. 查阅;商量;向……请教
9._______ n. 毒品;药物
10._______ vt. 跳过;不参加;悄悄溜走 vi. 蹦蹦跳跳地走;跳绳 n. 蹦跳
Practice
drug
specialize
specialist
Ⅰ.英汉互译
special
consult
consultant
skip
Practice
1.shave ______ 剃掉;刮去
2.be _____ control of控制……
3.lose _________减肥
4.cut ______切去;省略;停止(做某事)
5.take _____拿起;开始从事;占据(时间,地方)
6.go _____ a diet节食,减肥
7.stick _____坚持
weight
in
off
to
up
Ⅱ.词组填空
out
on
谢谢
https://www.21cnjy.com/help/help_extract.php